| New Jersey | |
|---|---|
| Estado de Nueva Jersey | |
| Apodo (s): El estado jardín [1] | |
| Lema (s): Libertad y prosperidad | |
.svg) Mapa de los Estados Unidos con Nueva Jersey resaltada | |
| País | Estados Unidos |
| Antes de la estadidad | Provincia de Nueva Jersey |
| Admitido en la Unión | 18 de diciembre de 1787 (3er) |
| Capital | Trenton |
| Ciudad más grande | Newark |
| Metro más grande | Gran Nueva York |
| Gobierno | |
| • Gobernador | Phil Murphy ( D ) |
| • Vicegobernador | Sheila Oliver (D) |
| Legislatura | Legislatura de Nueva Jersey |
| • Cámara alta | Senado |
| • Cámara baja | Asamblea General |
| Judicial | Tribunal Supremo de Nueva Jersey |
| Senadores estadounidenses | Bob Menéndez (D) Cory Booker (D) |
| Delegación de la Cámara de los Estados Unidos | 10 demócratas 2 republicanos ( lista ) |
| Área | |
| • Total | 8.722,58 millas cuadradas (22.591,38 km 2 ) |
| • Tierra | 7.354,22 [2] millas cuadradas (19.047,34 km 2 ) |
| • Agua | 1.368,36 millas cuadradas (3.544,04 km 2 ) 15,7% |
| Rango de área | 47º |
| Dimensiones | |
| • Largo | 170 mi (273 km) |
| • Ancho | 70 mi (112 km) |
| Elevación | 250 pies (80 m) |
| Elevación más alta( Punto alto [3] [4] ) | 1.803 pies (549,6 m) |
| Elevación más baja(Océano Atlántico [3] ) | 0 pies (0 m) |
| Población (2020 [6] ) | |
| • Total | 9.294.493 |
| • Rango | 11º |
| • Densidad | 1.263,08 millas cuadradas (467 / km 2 ) |
| • Rango de densidad | 1er |
| • Ingreso familiar promedio | $ 82,545 [5] |
| • Rango de ingresos | Tercero |
| Demonym (s) | New Jerseyan (oficial), [7] New Jerseyite [8] [9] |
| Idioma | |
| • Idioma oficial | Ninguno |
| • Idioma hablado | |
| Zona horaria | UTC − 05: 00 ( Este ) |
| • Verano ( DST ) | UTC − 04: 00 ( EDT ) |
| Abreviatura de USPS | Nueva Jersey |
| Código ISO 3166 | EE. UU.-NJ |
| Abreviatura tradicional | Nueva Jersey |
| Latitud | 38 ° 56 ′ N hasta 41 ° 21 ′ N |
| Longitud | 73 ° 54 ′ W a 75 ° 34 ′ W |
| Sitio web | nj .gov |
| Símbolos del estado de Nueva Jersey | |
|---|---|
Bandera de nueva jersey | |
| Insignia viviente | |
| Pájaro | Jilguero oriental [10] |
| Pescado | Trucha de arroyo [11] |
| Flor | Viola sororia [12] |
| Insecto | Abeja occidental [13] |
| Mamífero | Caballo [14] |
| Árbol | Quercus rubra (roble rojo del norte), [15] cornejo (árbol conmemorativo) [15] |
| Insignia inanimada | |
| Colores | Buff y azul |
| Danza folclórica | Danza cuadrada [16] |
| Comida | Arándano alto del norte (fruta del estado) [17] |
| Fósil | Hadrosaurus foulkii [18] |
| Tierra | Downer [19] |
| Marcador de ruta estatal | |
| Barrio del estado | |
Lanzado en 1999 | |
| Listas de símbolos estatales de Estados Unidos | |
Nueva Jersey es un estado de las regiones del Atlántico Medio y Noreste de los Estados Unidos . Limita al norte y al este con el estado de Nueva York ; al este, sureste y sur con el Océano Atlántico; al oeste por el río Delaware y Pennsylvania ; y al suroeste por la bahía de Delaware y el estado de Delaware . Nueva Jersey es el cuarto estado más pequeño por área, pero el undécimo más poblado , con 9,294,493 residentes [6] en 2020 y un área de 8,722.58 millas cuadradas, lo que lo convierte en elel más densamente poblado de los 50 estados de EE . UU . La capital es Trenton, mientras que la ciudad más grande es Newark . Todos menos uno de los condados de Nueva Jersey ( condado de Warren ) [20] se encuentran dentro de las áreas estadísticas combinadas de la ciudad de Nueva York o Filadelfia ; en consecuencia, el área metropolitana más grande del estado se encuentra dentro del Gran Nueva York .
Nueva Jersey fue habitada por primera vez por nativos americanos durante al menos 2.800 años, siendo los Lenape el grupo dominante cuando llegaron los europeos a principios del siglo XVII. Los colonos holandeses y suecos fundaron los primeros asentamientos europeos en el estado. [21] Los ingleses más tarde tomaron el control de la región, [22] nombrándola provincia de Nueva Jersey, después de la más grande de las Islas del Canal , Jersey , y otorgándola como colonia a Sir George Carteret y John Berkeley, primer barón de Berkeley. de Stratton . [23]Nueva Jersey fue el escenario de varias batallas importantes durante la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos . En el siglo XIX, las fábricas en las "Seis Grandes" ciudades de Camden , Paterson , Newark, Trenton , Jersey City y Elizabeth ayudaron a impulsar la Revolución Industrial de la nación . [24] La ubicación central de Nueva Jersey en la megalópolis del noreste impulsó su rápido crecimiento y suburbanización en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A principios del siglo XXI, la economía del estado se diversificó cada vez más, mientras que su población multiculturalcomenzó a retroceder hacia entornos más urbanos dentro del estado, [25] [26] superando el crecimiento en los suburbios desde 2008. [27]
A partir de 2020, Nueva Jersey albergaba la mayor cantidad de millonarios per cápita de todos los estados de EE. UU., Con un 9,76% de los hogares, más de 323.000 de los 3,3 millones en todo el estado, que cumplían los criterios. [28] Según datos de 2017, fue el segundo estado más rico de EE. UU. Por ingreso familiar medio . [29] El sistema de escuelas públicas de Nueva Jersey se ubica constantemente entre los mejores de los cincuenta estados de EE. UU. [30] [31] [32] [33]
Historia
Hace unos 180 millones de años, durante el período Jurásico , Nueva Jersey limitaba con el norte de África. La presión de la colisión entre América del Norte y África dio lugar a los Apalaches . Hace unos 18.000 años, la Edad de Hielo resultó en glaciares que llegaron a Nueva Jersey. A medida que los glaciares se retiraron, dejaron atrás el lago Passaic , así como muchos ríos, pantanos y gargantas. [34]
Nueva Jersey fue colonizada originalmente por nativos americanos, siendo los Lenni-Lenape dominantes en el momento del contacto. Scheyichbi es el nombre de Lenape para la tierra que ahora es Nueva Jersey. [35] Los Lenape eran varios grupos autónomos que practicaban la agricultura de maíz para complementar su caza y recolección en la región que rodea el río Delaware , la parte baja del río Hudson y el oeste de Long Island Sound . La sociedad Lenape se dividió en clanes matrilineales que se basaban en ancestros femeninos comunes. Estos clanes se organizaron en tres fratrías distintasidentificados por su signo animal: tortuga, pavo y lobo . Se encontraron por primera vez con los holandeses a principios del siglo XVII y su relación principal con los europeos fue a través del comercio de pieles .
Época colonial
Los holandeses se convirtieron en los primeros europeos en reclamar tierras en Nueva Jersey. La colonia holandesa de Nueva Holanda estaba formada por partes de los estados modernos del Atlántico Medio . Aunque el principio europeo de propiedad de la tierra no fue reconocido por los Lenape , la política de la Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Occidentales requería que sus colonos compraran la tierra que se establecieron. El primero en hacerlo fue Michiel Pauw, quien estableció un patrocinio llamado Pavonia en 1630 a lo largo del North River, que finalmente se convirtió en Bergen . Compra de terrenos por Peter Minuit a lo largo del río Delawareestableció la colonia de Nueva Suecia . Toda la región se convirtió en territorio de Inglaterra el 24 de junio de 1664, después de que una flota inglesa bajo el mando del coronel Richard Nicolls navegara hacia lo que ahora es el puerto de Nueva York y tomó el control de Fort Amsterdam , anexando toda la provincia.
Durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa , la Isla del Canal de Jersey permaneció leal a la Corona Británica y dio refugio al Rey . Fue a partir de la Plaza Real de Saint Helier que Carlos II de Inglaterra fue proclamado rey en 1649, después de la ejecución de su padre, Carlos I . Las tierras de América del Norte fueron divididas por Carlos II , quien le dio a su hermano, el duque de York (más tarde el rey James II ), la región entre Nueva Inglaterra y Maryland como una colonia propietaria (a diferencia de una colonia real). Luego, James otorgó la tierra entre el río Hudson y el río Delaware (la tierra que se convertiría en Nueva Jersey) a dos amigos que habían permanecido leales durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa : Sir George Carteret y Lord Berkeley de Stratton . [36] El área fue nombrada provincia de Nueva Jersey .
Desde los inicios del estado, Nueva Jersey se ha caracterizado por la diversidad étnica y religiosa . Los congregacionalistas de Nueva Inglaterra se establecieron junto a los presbiterianos escoceses y los inmigrantes reformados holandeses . Mientras que la mayoría de los residentes vivían en pueblos con propiedades individuales de 100 acres (40 ha), unos pocos propietarios ricos poseían vastas propiedades. Los cuáqueros y anglicanos ingleses poseían grandes propiedades. A diferencia de la colonia de Plymouth , Jamestowny otras colonias, Nueva Jersey fue poblada por una ola secundaria de inmigrantes que vinieron de otras colonias en lugar de aquellos que emigraron directamente de Europa. Nueva Jersey siguió siendo agraria y rural durante la época colonial, y la agricultura comercial se desarrolló esporádicamente. Algunos municipios, como Burlington en el río Delaware y Perth Amboy , surgieron como puertos importantes para el envío a la ciudad de Nueva York y Filadelfia. Las tierras fértiles de la colonia y la política religiosa tolerante atrajeron a más colonos, y la población de Nueva Jersey había aumentado a 120.000 en 1775.
El asentamiento durante los primeros 10 años de dominio inglés se llevó a cabo a lo largo del río Hackensack y Arthur Kill; los colonos procedían principalmente de Nueva York y Nueva Inglaterra. El 18 de marzo de 1673, Berkeley vendió su mitad de la colonia a los cuáqueros en Inglaterra, quienes establecieron la región del valle de Delaware como una colonia cuáquera. ( William Penn actuó como fideicomisario de las tierras durante un tiempo). Nueva Jersey se gobernó muy brevemente como dos provincias distintas, el este y el oeste de Jersey , durante 28 años entre 1674 y 1702, en ocasiones parte de la provincia de Nueva York o Dominio de Nueva Inglaterra .
En 1702, las dos provincias se reunieron bajo un gobernador real , en lugar de uno propietario . Edward Hyde , Lord Cornbury, se convirtió en el primer gobernador de la colonia como colonia real. Gran Bretaña creía que era un gobernante corrupto e ineficaz, que aceptaba sobornos y especulaba con la tierra. En 1708 fue llamado a Inglaterra. Nueva Jersey fue entonces gobernada por los gobernadores de Nueva York, pero esto enfureció a los colonos de Nueva Jersey, quienes acusaron a esos gobernadores de favoritismo hacia Nueva York. El juez Lewis Morris dirigió el caso de un gobernador independiente y fue nombrado gobernador por el rey Jorge II en 1738. [37]
Era de la guerra revolucionaria
Nueva Jersey fue una de las Trece Colonias que se rebelaron contra el dominio británico en la Revolución Americana . La Constitución de Nueva Jersey de 1776 se aprobó el 2 de julio de 1776, solo dos días antes de que el Segundo Congreso Continental declarara la Independencia de Estados Unidos de Gran Bretaña . Fue un acto del Congreso Provincial , que se convirtió en Legislatura del Estado . Para tranquilizar a los neutrales, estipuló que sería nulo si Nueva Jersey se reconciliaba con Gran Bretaña. Representantes de Nueva Jersey Richard Stockton , John Witherspoon , Francis Hopkinson , John Hart, y Abraham Clark estuvieron entre los que firmaron la Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos el 4 de julio de 1776.
Durante la Guerra Revolucionaria Estadounidense , los ejércitos británicos y estadounidenses cruzaron Nueva Jersey en numerosas ocasiones, y se llevaron a cabo varias batallas fundamentales en el estado. Debido a esto, Nueva Jersey hoy en día a menudo se conoce como "La encrucijada de la Revolución Americana". [38] Los cuarteles de invierno del Ejército Continental fueron establecidos allí dos veces por el General George Washington en Morristown , que ha sido llamada "La Capital Militar de la Revolución Americana". [39]
En la noche del 25 al 26 de diciembre de 1776, el Ejército Continental al mando de George Washington cruzó el río Delaware . Después del cruce, sorprendieron y derrotaron a las tropas de Hesse en la Batalla de Trenton . Poco más de una semana después de la victoria en Trenton , las fuerzas estadounidenses obtuvieron una importante victoria al detener las cargas del general Cornwallis en la Segunda Batalla de Trenton . Al evadir al ejército de Cornwallis, los estadounidenses realizaron un ataque sorpresa en Princeton y derrotaron con éxito a las fuerzas británicas allí el 3 de enero de 1777. La pintura de Emanuel Leutze de Washington cruzando el Delaware se convirtió en un icono de la Revolución.
Las fuerzas estadounidenses bajo Washington se encontraron con las fuerzas británicas bajo el mando del general Henry Clinton en la batalla de Monmouth en un compromiso indeciso en junio de 1778. Los estadounidenses intentaron tomar por sorpresa a la columna británica. Cuando el ejército británico intentó flanquear a los estadounidenses, los estadounidenses se retiraron en desorden. Posteriormente, sus filas se reorganizaron y resistieron los cargos británicos.
En el verano de 1783, el Congreso Continental se reunió en Nassau Hall en la Universidad de Princeton , lo que convirtió a Princeton en la capital de la nación durante cuatro meses. Fue allí donde el Congreso Continental se enteró de la firma del Tratado de París (1783) , que puso fin a la guerra.
El 18 de diciembre de 1787, Nueva Jersey se convirtió en el tercer estado en ratificar la Constitución de los Estados Unidos , que fue abrumadoramente popular en Nueva Jersey, ya que impedía a Nueva York y Pensilvania cobrar aranceles a los bienes importados de Europa. El 20 de noviembre de 1789, el estado se convirtió en el primero de la Unión recién formada en ratificar la Declaración de Derechos .
La Constitución del estado de Nueva Jersey de 1776 dio el voto a "todos los habitantes" que tenían un cierto nivel de riqueza. Esto incluía mujeres y negros, pero no mujeres casadas, porque no podían poseer propiedades por separado de sus maridos. Ambas partes, en varias elecciones, afirmaron que la otra parte había hecho votar a mujeres no calificadas y se burlaron de ellas por el uso de "electoras enagua", ya fueran con derecho a voto o no; por otro lado, ambas partes aprobaron leyes de derecho al voto. En 1807, la legislatura aprobó un proyecto de ley la interpretación de la constitución de universales media blanca masculina sufragio , con exclusión de los pobres; la constitución era en sí misma un acto de la legislatura y no estaba consagrada como la constitución moderna. [40]
Siglo 19
El 15 de febrero de 1804, Nueva Jersey se convirtió en el último estado del norte en abolir la nueva esclavitud y promulgó una legislación que lentamente eliminó la esclavitud existente. Esto condujo a una disminución gradual de la población esclava. Al final de la Guerra Civil , alrededor de una docena de afroamericanos en Nueva Jersey todavía estaban sometidos a esclavitud. [41] Los votantes de Nueva Jersey finalmente ratificaron las enmiendas constitucionales que prohíben la esclavitud y otorgan derechos a la población negra de Estados Unidos.
La industrialización acelerada en la parte norte del estado después de la terminación del canal de Morris en 1831. El canal permitido para el carbón que se trajo desde el este de Pennsylvania 's Lehigh Valley a las industrias de crecimiento del norte de Nueva Jersey en Paterson , Newark y Jersey City .
En 1844, la segunda constitución estatal fue ratificada y entró en vigor. Por lo tanto, los condados se convirtieron en distritos para el senado estatal, y de inmediato siguió una realineación de los límites (incluida la creación del condado de Mercer ). Esta disposición se mantuvo en la Constitución de 1947, pero fue revocada por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos en 1962 mediante la decisión Baker v. Carr . Si bien la gobernación era más fuerte que la constitución de 1776, la constitución de 1844 creó muchos cargos que no eran responsables ante él ni ante el pueblo, y le dio un mandato de tres años, pero no pudo sucederlo él mismo.
Nueva Jersey fue uno de los pocos estados de la Unión (los otros son Delaware y Kentucky ) en seleccionar dos veces a un candidato distinto de Abraham Lincoln en las elecciones nacionales, y se puso del lado de Stephen Douglas (1860) y George B. McClellan (1864) durante sus campañas. McClellan, nativo de Filadelfia, tenía vínculos con Nueva Jersey y residía formalmente en Nueva Jersey en ese momento; más tarde se convirtió en gobernador de Nueva Jersey (1878-1881). (En Nueva Jersey, las facciones del partido demócrata lograron una coalición efectiva en 1860). Durante la Guerra Civil estadounidense , el estado fue dirigido primero por el gobernador republicano Charles Smith Olden y luego por el demócrata Joel Parker.. Durante el transcurso de la guerra, entre 65.000 y 80.000 soldados del estado se alistaron en el ejército de la Unión; a diferencia de muchos estados, incluidos algunos del norte, allí no se libró ninguna batalla. [42]
En la Revolución Industrial , ciudades como Paterson crecieron y prosperaron. Anteriormente, la economía había sido en gran parte agraria, que estaba problemáticamente sujeta a malas cosechas y suelos pobres. Esto provocó un cambio hacia una economía más industrializada, basada en productos manufacturados como textiles y seda. El inventor Thomas Edison también se convirtió en una figura importante de la Revolución Industrial, ya que se le concedieron 1.093 patentes , muchas de las cuales correspondían a invenciones que desarrolló mientras trabajaba en Nueva Jersey. Las instalaciones de Edison, primero en Menlo Park y luego en West Orange , se consideran quizás los primeros centros de investigaciónen los Estados Unidos. Christie Street en Menlo Park fue la primera vía del mundo en tener iluminación eléctrica. El transporte mejoró enormemente a medida que se introdujeron la locomoción y los barcos de vapor en Nueva Jersey.
La minería de hierro también fue una industria líder desde mediados hasta finales del siglo XIX. Los pozos de hierro de los pantanos en los pinares del sur de Nueva Jersey se encontraban entre las primeras fuentes de hierro para la nueva nación. [43] Minas como Mt. Hope, Mine Hill y Rockaway Valley Mines crearon una industria próspera. La minería generó el ímpetu para nuevas ciudades y fue una de las fuerzas impulsoras detrás de la necesidad del Canal Morris . Las minas de zinc también fueron una industria importante, especialmente la mina Sterling Hill .
siglo 20
Nueva Jersey prosperó durante los locos años veinte . El primer concurso de Miss América se celebró en 1921 en Atlantic City , el túnel Holland que conecta Jersey City con Manhattan se inauguró en 1927 y la primera película autocine se proyectó en 1933 en Camden. Durante la Gran Depresión de la década de 1930, el estado ofreció licencias de mendicidad a los residentes desempleados, [44] la aeronave zepelín Hindenburg se estrelló en llamas sobre Lakehurst y el castillo SS Morro quedó varado cerca de Asbury Park después de incendiarse mientras estaba en el mar.
Durante las dos guerras mundiales , Nueva Jersey fue un centro para la producción de guerra, especialmente la construcción naval. Los astilleros Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company en Kearny y Newark y el astillero New York Shipbuilding Corporation en Camden produjeron portaaviones , acorazados, cruceros y destructores. [45] Nueva Jersey fabricó el 6,8 por ciento del armamento militar total de Estados Unidos producido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial , ocupando el quinto lugar entre los 48 estados. [46] Además, Fort Dix (1917) (originalmente llamado "Camp Dix"), [47] Camp Merritt (1917) [48] y Camp Kilmer(1941) [49] fueron construidos para albergar y entrenar a soldados estadounidenses durante las dos guerras mundiales. Nueva Jersey también se convirtió en un lugar principal para la defensa durante la Guerra Fría . Se construyeron catorce estaciones de misiles Nike para la defensa de las áreas de la ciudad de Nueva York y Filadelfia . El PT-109 , un barco torpedero a motor comandado por el teniente (jg) John F. Kennedy en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue construido en Elco Boatworks en Bayona. El portaaviones USS Enterprise (CV-6) estuvo brevemente atracado en la Military Ocean Terminal en Bayona en la década de 1950 antes de ser enviado a Kearney para ser desguazado. [50]En 1962, el primer carguero de propulsión nuclear del mundo, el NS Savannah , fue botado en Camden.
En 1951, se abrió la autopista de peaje de Nueva Jersey , lo que permitió viajar rápidamente en automóvil y camión entre el norte de Jersey (y el área metropolitana de Nueva York ) y el sur de Jersey (y el área metropolitana de Filadelfia ). [ cita requerida ] En 1959, el Comando de Defensa Aérea desplegó el misil tierra-aire CIM-10 Bomarc en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea McGuire . El 7 de junio de 1960, una explosión en el tanque de combustible de un misil CIM-10 Bomarc provocó el accidente y la posterior contaminación de plutonio. [51]
En la década de 1960, estallaron disturbios raciales en muchas de las ciudades industriales de North Jersey. Los primeros disturbios raciales en Nueva Jersey ocurrieron en Jersey City el 2 de agosto de 1964. Varios otros se produjeron en 1967, en Newark y Plainfield . Otros disturbios siguieron al asesinato de Martin Luther King Jr. en abril de 1968, al igual que en el resto del país. Un motín ocurrió en Camden en 1971. [ cita requerida ] Como resultado de una orden de la Corte Suprema de Nueva Jersey para financiar las escuelas de manera equitativa, la legislatura de Nueva Jersey aprobó un proyecto de ley de impuestos sobre la renta en 1976. Antes de este proyecto de ley, el estado no tenía impuesto sobre la renta. [52]
Siglo 21
A principios de la década de 2000, se abrieron dos sistemas de tren ligero : el tren ligero Hudson-Bergen en el condado de Hudson y el River Line entre Camden y Trenton. La intención de estos proyectos era fomentar el desarrollo orientado al tránsito en el norte de Jersey y el sur de Jersey, respectivamente. A la HBLR en particular se le atribuyó la revitalización del condado de Hudson y de Jersey City en particular. [53] [54] [55] [56] La revitalización urbana ha continuado en el norte de Jersey en el siglo XXI. En 2014, la población estimada por el censo de la ciudad de Jersey era 262.146, [57]con el mayor aumento de población de cualquier municipio en Nueva Jersey desde 2010, [58] lo que representa un aumento del 5,9% del censo de Estados Unidos de 2010 , cuando la población de la ciudad se enumeró en 247,597. [59] [60] Entre 2000 y 2010 , Newark experimentó su primer aumento de población desde la década de 1950.
Geografía
Nueva Jersey limita al norte y noreste con Nueva York (partes de las cuales se encuentran al otro lado del río Hudson , la bahía superior de Nueva York , el Kill Van Kull , la bahía de Newark y el Arthur Kill ); al este con el Océano Atlántico; en el suroeste por Delaware a través de la bahía de Delaware ; y al oeste con Pensilvania al otro lado del río Delaware . Esta es la única frontera recta de Nueva Jersey.
Nueva Jersey a menudo se divide en tres regiones geográficas: North Jersey , Central Jersey y South Jersey . Algunos residentes de Nueva Jersey no consideran el centro de Jersey como una región por derecho propio, pero otros creen que es un área geográfica y cultural separada del norte y el sur.
Dentro de esas regiones hay cinco áreas distintas, basadas en la geografía natural y la concentración de la población. El noreste de Nueva Jersey se encuentra más cerca de Manhattan en la ciudad de Nueva York, y hasta un millón de residentes viajan diariamente a la ciudad para trabajar, muchos a través del transporte público. [63] El noroeste de Nueva Jersey es más boscoso, rural y montañoso. La costa de Jersey , a lo largo de la costa atlántica en el centro y sur de Jersey, tiene sus propias características naturales, residenciales y culturales únicas debido a su ubicación junto al océano. El Valle de Delaware incluye los condados del suroeste del estado, que residen dentro del Área Metropolitana de Filadelfia . Los Baldíos de Pinosla región está en el interior sur de Nueva Jersey; Cubierto bastante extensamente por bosques mixtos de pino y encino , esta región tiene una densidad de población más baja que la mayor parte del resto del estado.
La Oficina Federal de Administración y Presupuesto divide los condados de Nueva Jersey en siete áreas estadísticas metropolitanas , con 16 condados incluidos en las áreas metropolitanas de la ciudad de Nueva York o Filadelfia. Cuatro condados tienen áreas metropolitanas independientes y el condado de Warren es parte del área metropolitana de Lehigh Valley, con sede en Pensilvania . Nueva Jersey también está en el centro de la megalópolis del noreste .
High Point , en Montague Township , condado de Sussex , es la elevación más alta del estado, a 1.803 pies (550 m) sobre el nivel del mar. La prominencia más alta del estado es Kitty Ann Mountain en el condado de Morris , que se eleva 892 pies. Las Palisades son una línea de acantilados empinados en el lado oeste del río Hudson , en los condados de Bergen y Hudson . Los principales ríos de Nueva Jersey incluyen el Hudson , Delaware , Raritan , Passaic , Hackensack , Rahway ,Ríos Musconetcong , Mullica , Rancocas , Manasquan , Maurice y Toms . Debido a la geografía peninsular de Nueva Jersey , tanto el amanecer como el atardecer son visibles sobre el agua desde diferentes puntos de la costa de Jersey.
Características geográficas destacadas
- Brecha de agua de Delaware
- Gran bahía
- Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Great Swamp
- Tierras altas
- Hudson Palisades
- La Costa de Jersey
- En la "Costa", Nueva Jersey alberga el mayor número de paseos marítimos junto al mar en los Estados Unidos .
- Meadowlands
- Baldíos de pino
- Montaña Ramapo
- Montaña del sur
Clima
Hay dos condiciones climáticas en el estado. Las partes sur, central y noreste del estado tienen un clima subtropical húmedo, mientras que el noroeste tiene un clima continental húmedo ( microtérmico ), con temperaturas mucho más frías debido a la mayor altitud. Nueva Jersey recibe entre 2400 y 2800 horas de sol al año. [64]
El cambio climático está afectando a Nueva Jersey más rápido que gran parte del resto de los Estados Unidos. A partir de 2019, Nueva Jersey era uno de los estados de la nación con un calentamiento más rápido. Desde 1895, las temperaturas promedio han subido casi 3.6 grados Fahrenheit, el doble del promedio de los otros 48 estados del Bajo . [sesenta y cinco]
Los veranos son típicamente cálidos y húmedos, con temperaturas máximas promedio en todo el estado de 82 a 87 ° F (28 a 31 ° C) y mínimas de 60 a 69 ° F (16 a 21 ° C); sin embargo, las temperaturas superan los 90 ° F (32 ° C) en promedio 25 días cada verano, superando los 100 ° F (38 ° C) en algunos años. Los inviernos suelen ser fríos, con temperaturas medias altas de 34 a 43 ° F (1 a 6 ° C) y mínimas de 16 a 28 ° F (−9 a −2 ° C) en la mayor parte del estado, pero las temperaturas pueden, por períodos breves, caen por debajo de 10 ° F (−12 ° C) y, a veces, se elevan por encima de 50 ° F (10 ° C). Las partes del noroeste del estado tienen inviernos significativamente más fríos, con temperaturas por debajo de 0 ° F (-18 ° C) que son una ocurrencia casi anual. La primavera y el otoño pueden presentar grandes variaciones de temperatura, con menor humedad que el verano. La clasificación de la Zona de Resistencia de las Plantas del USDA varía de 6 en el noroeste del estado, hasta 7B cerca de Cape May. [66] Las temperaturas extremas de todos los tiempos registrados en Nueva Jersey incluyen 110 ° F (43 ° C) el 10 de julio de 1936, en Runyon , condado de Middlesex y -34 ° F (-37 ° C) el 5 de enero de 1904, en River Vale , condado de Bergen. [67]
La precipitación anual promedio varía de 43 a 51 pulgadas (1,100 a 1,300 mm), distribuidas uniformemente a lo largo del año. El promedio de nevadas por temporada de invierno varía de 10 a 15 pulgadas (25 a 38 cm) en el sur y cerca de la costa, de 15 a 30 pulgadas (38 a 76 cm) en la parte noreste y central del estado, a aproximadamente 40 a 50 pulgadas pulgadas (1.0–1.3 m) en las tierras altas del noroeste, pero esto a menudo varía considerablemente de un año a otro. La precipitación cae en un promedio de 120 días al año, con 25 a 30 tormentas eléctricas, la mayoría de las cuales ocurren durante el verano.
Durante el invierno y principios de la primavera, Nueva Jersey puede experimentar " nor'easters ", que pueden causar tormentas de nieve o inundaciones en todo el noreste de los Estados Unidos. Los huracanes y tormentas tropicales (como la tormenta tropical Floyd en 1999 [68] ), los tornados y los terremotos son raros, aunque Nueva Jersey fue impactada por un huracán en 1903 , y el huracán Sandy el 29 de octubre de 2012 con la tormenta tocando tierra en el estado con vientos máximos de 90 mph (145 km / h).
| Temperaturas medias altas y bajas en varias ciudades de Nueva Jersey ° C (° F) [1] [2] [3] | |||||||||||||
| Ciudad | ene | feb | mar | abr | Mayo | jun | jul | ago | sep | oct | nov | dic | |
| Sussex | 1 / −9 (34/16) | 3 / −8 (38/18) | 8 / −4 (47/26) | 15 / 2 (59/36) | 21 / 7 (70/45) | 25 / 12 (78/55) | 28 / 16 (82/60) | 27 / 14 (81/58) | 23 / 10 (73/50) | 17 / 4 (62/38) | 11 / −1 (51/31) | 4 / −6 (39/22) | |
| Newark | 4 / −4 (39/24) | 6 / −3 (42/27) | 10 / 1 (51/34) | 17 / 7 (62/44) | 22 / 12 (72/53) | 28 / 17 (82/63) | 30 / 20 (86/69) | 29 / 20 (84/68) | 25 / 15 (77/60) | 18 / 9 (65/48) | 13 / 4 (55/39) | 6 / −1 (44/30) | |
| Ciudad Atlántica | 5 / −2 (42/29) | 6 / −1 (44/31) | 10 / 3 (50/37) | 14 / 8 (58/46) | 19 / 13 (67/55) | 24 / 18 (76/64) | 27 / 21 (81/70) | 27 / 21 (80/70) | 24 / 18 (75/64) | 18 / 11 (65/53) | 13 / 6 (56/43) | 8 / 1 (46/34) | |
| Cape May | 6 / −2 (42/28) | 7 / −2 (44/29) | 11 / 2 (51/35) | 16 / 7 (61/44) | 21 / 12 (70/53) | 26 / 17 (79/63) | 29 / 20 (85/68) | 29 / 19 (83/67) | 25 / 16 (78/61) | 19 / 9 (67/50) | 14 / 4 (57/41) | 8 / 0 (47/32) | |
Demografía
| Población histórica | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Censo | Música pop. | % ± | |
| 1790 | 184,139 | - | |
| 1800 | 211,149 | 14,7% | |
| 1810 | 245,562 | 16,3% | |
| 1820 | 277,575 | 13,0% | |
| 1830 | 320,823 | 15,6% | |
| 1840 | 373,306 | 16,4% | |
| 1850 | 489,555 | 31,1% | |
| 1860 | 672,035 | 37,3% | |
| 1870 | 906,096 | 34,8% | |
| 1880 | 1,131,116 | 24,8% | |
| 1890 | 1,444,933 | 27,7% | |
| 1900 | 1,883,669 | 30,4% | |
| 1910 | 2.537.167 | 34,7% | |
| 1920 | 3,155,900 | 24,4% | |
| 1930 | 4.041.334 | 28,1% | |
| 1940 | 4.160.165 | 2,9% | |
| 1950 | 4.835.329 | 16,2% | |
| 1960 | 6.066.782 | 25,5% | |
| 1970 | 7.168.164 | 18,2% | |
| 1980 | 7.364.823 | 2,7% | |
| 1990 | 7.730.188 | 5,0% | |
| 2000 | 8.414.350 | 8,9% | |
| 2010 | 8.791.894 | 4,5% | |
| 2020 | 9.288.994 | 5,7% | |
| Fuente: 1910-2020 [69] | |||
Población del estado
La Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos tabuló en el censo de los Estados Unidos de 2020 que la población de Nueva Jersey era de 9.294.493 el 1 de abril de 2020, un aumento del 5,7% desde el censo de los Estados Unidos de 2010 . [6] Los residentes de Nueva Jersey se conocen más comúnmente como "habitantes de Nueva Jersey" o, con menos frecuencia, como "habitantes de Nueva Jersey". Según el censo de 2010, había 8.791.894 personas viviendo en el estado. La composición racial del estado fue:
- 68,6% estadounidense blanco
- 13,7% afroamericano
- 8,3% asiático-americano
- 0.3% Nativo Americano
- 2.7% Americano multirracial
- 6.4% otras razas
El 17,7% de la población eran hispanos o latinos (de cualquier raza).
| Composición racial | 1970 [70] | 1990 [70] | 2000 [71] | 2010 [72] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| blanco | 88,6% | 79,3% | 72,5% | 68,6% |
| Negro | 10,7% | 13,4% | 13,6% | 13,7% |
| asiático | 0,3% | 3,5% | 5,7% | 8,3% |
| Nativo | 0,1% | 0,2% | 0,2% | 0,3% |
| Nativo de Hawái y otras islas del Pacífico | - | - | - | - |
| Otra raza | 0,3% | 3,6% | 5,4% | 6,4% |
| Dos o mas carreras | - | - | 2,5% | 2,7% |
Los blancos no hispanos eran el 58,9% de la población en 2011, [2] frente al 85% en 1970. [73]
En 2010, los inmigrantes no autorizados constituían aproximadamente el 6,2% de la población. Este fue el cuarto porcentaje más alto de cualquier estado del país. [74] Se estima que había 550.000 inmigrantes ilegales en el estado en 2010. [75] Entre los municipios que se consideran ciudades santuario se encuentran Camden, Jersey City y Newark. [76]
En 2010, Nueva Jersey era el undécimo estado más poblado de los Estados Unidos y el más densamente poblado, con 1.185 residentes por milla cuadrada (458 por km 2 ), y la mayoría de la población residía en los condados que rodean la ciudad de Nueva York. , Filadelfia, y a lo largo de la costa este de Jersey , mientras que los condados del extremo sur y noroeste son relativamente menos densos en general. También fue el segundo estado más rico por ingreso familiar promedio , según la Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. [29]
El centro de población de Nueva Jersey se encuentra en el condado de Middlesex , en la ciudad de Milltown , al este de la autopista de peaje de Nueva Jersey . [77]
Nueva Jersey es el hogar de más científicos e ingenieros por milla cuadrada que cualquier otro lugar del mundo. [78] [79] [80]
El 21 de octubre de 2013, comenzaron los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo en Nueva Jersey. [81]
Nueva Jersey es uno de los más étnicamente y religiosamente diversos estados en los Estados Unidos. En 2011, el 56,4% de los niños de Nueva Jersey menores de un año pertenecían a grupos minoritarios raciales o étnicos, lo que significa que tenían al menos un padre que no era blanco no hispano. [82] El estado tiene la segunda población judía más grande por porcentaje (después de Nueva York); [83] la segunda población musulmana más grande por porcentaje (después de Michigan ); la población más grande de peruanos en los Estados Unidos; la mayor población de cubanos fuera de Florida; el tercer asiático más altopoblación por porcentaje; y la segunda población italiana más alta , [84] según el censo de 2000 . Los afroamericanos, hispanos ( puertorriqueños y dominicanos ), antillanos , árabes y brasileños y portugueses también son numerosos. Nueva Jersey tiene la tercera población de indios asiáticos más alta de cualquier estado en números absolutos y la más alta en porcentaje, [85] [86] [87] [88] con el condado de Bergen, hogar del Malayali más grande de Estados Unidos.comunidad. [89] En general, Nueva Jersey tiene la tercera población coreana más grande , y el condado de Bergen alberga la mayor concentración per cápita de Corea de todos los condados de EE. UU. [90] (6,9% en 2011). Nueva Jersey también tiene la cuarta población filipina más grande y la cuarta población china más grande , según el censo de EE. UU. De 2010. Los cinco grupos étnicos más grandes en 2000 fueron: italiano (17,9%), irlandés (15,9%), africano (13,6%), alemán (12,6%), polaco (6,9%).
India Square , en Bombay , Jersey City , condado de Hudson , [91] alberga la mayor concentración de indios asiáticos en el hemisferio occidental . [92] Mientras tanto, el centro de Nueva Jersey , en particular Edison y el condado de Middlesex circundante , es conocido por su importante concentración de indios asiáticos . El templo hindú más grande del mundo se inauguró en Robbinsville en 2014, un templo BAPS . [93] La creciente Pequeña Indiaes una franja comercial centrada en el sur de Asia en el condado de Middlesex, el condado de EE. UU. con la mayor concentración de indios asiáticos. [94] [95] [96] La franja de Oak Tree Road recorre aproximadamente una milla y media a través de Edison y la vecina Iselin en Woodbridge Township , cerca del extenso barrio chino y Koreatown de la zona , a lo largo de la ruta 27 de Nueva Jersey . [97] Es el centro cultural más grande y diverso del sur de Asia en los Estados Unidos. [98] [99] Carteret 's Punjabi Sikhcomunidad, estimada diversamente en más de 3.000, es la mayor concentración de sijs en el estado. [100] El municipio de Monroe en el condado de Middlesex ha experimentado una tasa de crecimiento particularmente rápida en su población indígena estadounidense , con un estimado de 5.943 (13,6%) a partir de 2017, [101] que fue 23 veces los 256 (0,9%) contados a partir de la Censo de 2000; y Diwali es celebrado por el municipio como una fiesta hindú . En el condado de Middlesex, las boletas electorales se imprimen en inglés, español , gujarati , hindi y punjabi . [102]
Newark fue la cuarta ciudad más pobre de los EE. UU. Con más de 250.000 residentes en 2008, [103] pero Nueva Jersey en su conjunto tenía el segundo ingreso familiar medio más alto en 2014. [29] Esto se debe en gran parte a que gran parte de Nueva Jersey se compone de suburbios, la mayoría de ellos ricos, de la ciudad de Nueva York y Filadelfia . Nueva Jersey es también el estado más densamente poblado, y el único estado que ha tenido cada uno de sus condados considera "urbano" como se define por la oficina de censo 's área estadística combinada . [104]
En 2010, se informó que el 6.2% de su población tenía menos de 5 años, el 23.5% era menor de 18 y el 13.5% tenía 65 años o más; y las mujeres constituían aproximadamente el 51,3% de la población. [110]
Un estudio del Pew Research Center descubrió que en 2013, Nueva Jersey fue el único estado de EE. UU. En el que los inmigrantes nacidos en la India constituían la mayor nacionalidad de origen extranjero , representando aproximadamente el 10% de todos los residentes nacidos en el extranjero en el estado. [107]
Para obtener más información sobre varios grupos etnoraciales y vecindarios destacados en Nueva Jersey, consulte los siguientes artículos:
- Hispanos y latinos en Nueva Jersey
- Indios de la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Nueva York
- Chino en la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Nueva York
- Lista de ciudades de EE. UU. Con poblaciones importantes de coreano-estadounidenses
- Filipinos en la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Nueva York
- Filipinos en Nueva Jersey
- Rusos en la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Nueva York
- Condado de Bergen
- Jersey City
- India Square en Jersey City, hogar de la mayor concentración de indios asiáticos en el hemisferio occidental
- Ironbound , un enclave portugués y brasileño en Newark
- Five Corners , un enclave filipino en Jersey City
- La Habana sobre el Hudson , un enclave cubano en el condado de Hudson
- Koreatown, Fort Lee , un enclave coreano en el sureste del condado de Bergen
- Koreatown, Palisades Park , también un enclave coreano en el sureste del condado de Bergen
- Little Bangladesh , un enclave de Bangladesh en Paterson
- Little India (Edison / Iselin) , el centro del sur de Asia más grande y diverso de los Estados Unidos
- Little Istanbul , también conocida como Little Ramallah , un enclave de Oriente Medio en Paterson
- Little Lima , un enclave peruano en Paterson
Datos de nacimiento
A partir de 2011, el 56,4% de la población de Nueva Jersey menor de 1 año eran minorías (lo que significa que tenían al menos un padre que no era blanco no hispano). [111]
Nota: Los nacimientos en la tabla no se suman, porque los hispanos se cuentan tanto por su origen étnico como por su raza, lo que da un número total más alto.
| Raza | 2014 [112] | 2015 [113] | 2016 [114] | 2017 [115] | 2018 [116] | 2019 [117] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blanco : | 71.033 (68,8%) | 72.400 (70,2%) | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| > Blanco no hispano | 48.196 (46,6%) | 47.425 (46,0%) | 46.076 (44,9%) | 45.825 (45,3%) | 45.500 (44,9%) | 45.368 (45,6%) |
| Negro | 20.102 (19,4%) | 18.363 (17,8%) | 13.870 (13,5%) | 13.684 (13,5%) | 13.886 (13,7%) | 13.394 (13,4%) |
| asiático | 11.977 (11,6%) | 12.192 (11,8%) | 12.053 (11,7%) | 11.691 (11,5%) | 11.452 (11,3%) | 11.112 (11,2%) |
| indio americano | 193 (0,2%) | 172 (0,2%) | 62 (0,0%) | 72 (0,1%) | 67 (0,1%) | 94 (0,1%) |
| Hispano (de cualquier raza) | 27.267 (26,4%) | 27.919 (27,1%) | 28.083 (27,3%) | 27.354 (27,0%) | 27.597 (27,3%) | 27.443 (27,6%) |
| Total Nueva Jersey | 103.305 (100%) | 103,127 (100%) | 102,647 (100%) | 101,250 (100%) | 101,223 (100%) | 99.585 (100%) |
- Desde 2016, los datos de nacimientos de origen hispano blanco no se recopilan, pero se incluyen en un grupo hispano ; las personas de origen hispano pueden ser de cualquier raza.
Idiomas
| Idioma | Porcentaje de población (en 2010) [118] |
|---|---|
| Español | 14,59% |
| Chino (incluido cantonés y mandarín ) | 1,23% |
| italiano | 1,06% |
| portugués | 1,06% |
| Filipino | 0,96% |
| coreano | 0,89% |
| Gujarati | 0,83% |
| polaco | 0,79% |
| hindi | 0,71% |
| Arábica | 0,62% |
| ruso | 0,56% |
En 2010, el 71,31% (5,830,812) de los residentes de Nueva Jersey de 5 años o más hablaban inglés en casa como idioma principal , mientras que el 14,59% (1,193,261) hablaba español, 1,23% (100,217) chino (que incluye cantonés y mandarín ), 1,06 % (86,849) italiano, 1,06% (86,486) portugués , 0,96% (78,627) tagalo y el coreano fue hablado como idioma principal por el 0,89% (73,057) de la población mayor de cinco años. En total, el 28,69% (2,345,644) de la población de Nueva Jersey de 5 años o más hablaba una lengua materna que no era el inglés. [118]
Desde entonces, ha evolucionado una colección diversa de idiomas entre la población del estado, dado que Nueva Jersey se ha vuelto cosmopolita y alberga enclaves étnicos de comunidades que no hablan inglés: [119] [120] [121] [122]
- Paterson albanés , Garfield
- Paterson árabe , Jersey City
- Condado de Bergen armenio
- Bahasa Indonesia Gloucester City , Middlesex , Somerset y Union condados
- Paterson bengalí
- Cantonés
- Farsi
- griego
- Gujarati e hindi Jersey City, todo el condado de Middlesex, Cherry Hill, Parsippany , Princeton
- hebreo
- Italiano extendido en todo el estado, especialmente en los condados de Camden , Essex y Bergen.
- Japonés Edgewater y Fort Lee burgos en el condado de Bergen
- Canarés
- Condado de Bergen de Corea (numerosos municipios) ; Cherry Hill
- Condado de Bergen macedonio
- Condado de Malayalam Bergen
- Chino mandarín
- Marathi
- El condado polaco de Bergen ( Garfield , Wallington ); Condado de Mercer ( Top Road , municipio de Lawrence , Hopewell ); Tilo
- Sección portuguesa Ironbound de Newark ; Elizabeth
- punjabi
- Municipio de Russian Fair Lawn del condado de Bergen, el área de Princeton y el condado de Mercer
- Español extendido en todo el estado
- Tagalo
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Pequeña sección turca de Estambul de Paterson, Monte Ephraim (que tiene una comunidad turca grande, vibrante y en crecimiento), Delran, Cherry Hill
- ucranio
- Urdu Mount Ephraim tiene un número significativo de residentes de origen paquistaní.
- Atlantic City vietnamita , Camden / Cherry Hill , municipio de Edison , Jersey City
- Municipio de Yiddish Lakewood , Condado de Ocean
Complejos residenciales de gran altura en el distrito de Fort Lee
Paterson , conocida como la "Ciudad de la Seda", [123] se ha convertido en un destino principal para un grupo de inmigrantes internacionalmente diverso, [124] [125] con al menos 52 grupos étnicos distintos. [126]
Rascacielos en Jersey City , una de las ciudades con mayor diversidad étnica del mundo [127] [128]
Palacio de justicia federal en Camden , que está conectado a Filadelfia a través del puente Benjamin Franklin en el fondo
Religión
Por número de adherentes, las denominaciones más grandes en Nueva Jersey, según la Asociación de Archivos de Datos Religiosos en 2010, fueron la Iglesia Católica Romana con 3.235.290; Islam con 160.666; y la Iglesia Metodista Unida con 138,052. [130] El templo hindú más grande del mundo se inauguró en Robbinsville , condado de Mercer , en el centro de Nueva Jersey durante 2014, un templo BAPS . [93] En enero de 2018, Gurbir Grewal se convirtió en el primer fiscal general del estado estadounidense sijen los Estados Unidos. [131] En enero de 2019, Sadaf Jaffer se convirtió en la primera alcaldesa musulmana estadounidense , la primera alcaldesa del sur de Asia y la primera alcaldesa paquistaní-estadounidense en los Estados Unidos de Montgomery en el condado de Somerset . [132]
Catedral Basílica del Sagrado Corazón en Newark , la quinta catedral más grande de América del Norte, es la sede de la Arquidiócesis Católica Romana de la ciudad .
Templo Sharey Tefilo-Israel, en el sur de Orange , condado de Essex . Nueva Jersey es el hogar de la segunda población judía estadounidense más alta per cápita, después de Nueva York .
Swaminarayan Akshardham ( Devnagari ) en Robbinsville , condado de Mercer , inaugurado en 2014 como el templo hindú más grande del mundo [133]
Mezquita de Al-Nasr , Willingboro , condado de Burlington
Asentamientos
- Condado de Bergen : 936,692
- Condado de Middlesex : 829,685
- Condado de Essex : 799,767
- Condado de Hudson : 676,061
- Condado de Monmouth : 621,354
- Condado de Ocean : 601.651
- Condado de Union : 558,067
- Condado de Camden : 507,078
- Condado de Passaic : 503,310
- Condado de Morris : 494,228
- Condado de Burlington : 445,384
- Condado de Mercer : 369,811
- Condado de Somerset : 331,164
- Condado de Gloucester : 291,408
- Condado de Atlantic : 265,429
- Condado de Cumberland : 150,972
- Condado de Sussex : 140,799
- Condado de Hunterdon : 124,714
- Condado de Warren : 105,779
- Condado de Cape May : 92,560
- Condado de Salem : 62,607
Por su población general y la densidad de población líder en la nación, Nueva Jersey tiene una escasez relativa de grandes ciudades clásicas. Esta paradoja es más pronunciada en el condado de Bergen , el condado más poblado de Nueva Jersey, cuyos más de 930,000 residentes en 2019 habitaban 70 municipios, siendo el más poblado Hackensack , con 44,522 residentes estimados en 2018. Muchas áreas urbanas se extienden mucho más allá de los límites de una sola ciudad. ciudad grande, ya que las ciudades de Nueva Jersey (y de hecho los municipios en general) tienden a ser geográficamente pequeñas; Tres de las cuatro ciudades más grandes de Nueva Jersey por población tienen menos de 20 millas cuadradas (52 km 2 ) de superficie terrestre, y ocho de las diez principales, incluidas las cinco principales, tienen una superficie terrestre inferior a 30 millas cuadradas (78 km 2).). As of the 2010 United States Census[update], only four municipalities had populations in excess of 100,000, although Edison and Woodbridge came very close.
| Rank | Name | Area (sq.mi.) | Area (km2) | County |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galloway Township | 115.2 | 298 | Atlantic County |
| 2 | Hamilton Township | 113.0 | 293 | Atlantic County |
| 3 | Washington Township | 102.9 | 267 | Burlington County |
| 4 | Jackson Township | 100.1 | 259 | Ocean County |
| 5 | Lacey Township | 98.5 | 255 | Ocean County |
| 6 | Woodland Township | 96.4 | 250 | Burlington County |
| 7 | Maurice River Township | 95.7 | 248 | Cumberland County |
| 8 | Middle Township | 83.1 | 215 | Cape May County |
| 9 | Manchester Township | 82.9 | 215 | Ocean County |
| 10 | West Milford | 80.4 | 208 | Passaic County |
| 11 | Bass River Township | 78.2 | 203 | Burlington County |
| 12 | Egg Harbor Township | 75.0 | 194 | Atlantic County |
| 13 | Little Egg Harbor Township | 73.2 | 190 | Ocean County |
| 14 | Lower Alloways Creek Township | 72.6 | 188 | Salem County |
| 15 | Vernon Township | 70.5 | 183 | Sussex County |
| 16 | Upper Township | 68.5 | 177 | Cape May County |
| 17 | Wantage Township | 67.5 | 175 | Sussex County |
| 18 | Dennis Township | 64.3 | 167 | Cape May County |
| 19 | Pemberton Township | 62.5 | 162 | Burlington County |
| 20 | Howell Township | 61.0 | 158 | Monmouth County |
| 21 | Middletown Township | 59.3 | 154 | Monmouth County |
| 22 | Hopewell Township | 58.7 | 152 | Mercer County |
| 23 | Winslow Township | 58.1 | 150 | Camden County |
| 24 | Mullica Township | 56.9 | 147 | Atlantic County |
| 25 | Berkeley Township | 55.8 | 145 | Ocean County |
| 26 | Hillsborough Township | 54.8 | 142 | Somerset County |
| 26 | Stafford Township | 54.8 | 142 | Ocean County |
| vte Largest cities or towns in New JerseySource:[134] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | County | Pop. | ||
Newark Jersey City | 1 | Newark | Essex | 282,090 | Paterson Elizabeth |
| 2 | Jersey City | Hudson | 265,549 | ||
| 3 | Paterson | Passaic | 145,627 | ||
| 4 | Elizabeth | Union | 128,885 | ||
| 5 | Lakewood Township | Ocean | 104,157 | ||
| 6 | Edison | Middlesex | 100,693 | ||
| 7 | Woodbridge Township | Middlesex | 100,450 | ||
| 8 | Toms River | Ocean | 93,717 | ||
| 9 | Hamilton Township (Mercer) | Mercer | 87,552 | ||
| 10 | Clifton | Passaic | 85,273 |
Wealth
Economy
The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Jersey's gross state product in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $639.8 billion.[135] New Jersey's estimated taxpayer burden in 2015 was $59,400 per taxpayer.[136] New Jersey is nearly $239 billion in debt.[137]
Affluence
New Jersey's per capita gross state product in 2008 was $54,699, second in the U.S. and above the national per capita gross domestic product of $46,588.[138] Its per capita income was the third highest in the nation with $51,358.[138] In 2020, New Jersey had the highest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, approximately 9.76% of households.[28] The state is ranked second in the nation by the number of places with per capita incomes above national average with 76.4%. Nine of New Jersey's counties are among the 100 wealthiest U.S. counties.
Fiscal policy
New Jersey has seven tax brackets that determine state income tax rates, which range from 1.4% (for income below $20,000) to 8.97% (for income above $500,000).[139]
The standard sales tax rate as of January 1, 2018, is 6.625%, applicable to all retail sales unless specifically exempt by law. This rate, which is comparably lower than that of New York City, often attracts numerous shoppers from New York City, often to suburban Paramus, New Jersey, which has five malls, one of which (the Garden State Plaza) has over two million square feet of retail space. Tax exemptions include most food items for at-home preparation, medications, most clothing, footwear and disposable paper products for use in the home.[140] There are 27 Urban Enterprise Zone statewide, including sections of Paterson, Elizabeth, and Jersey City. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half the rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[141][142][143]
New Jersey has the highest cumulative tax rate of all 50 states with residents paying a total of $68 billion in state and local taxes annually with a per capita burden of $7,816 at a rate of 12.9% of income.[144] All real property located in the state is subject to property tax unless specifically exempted by statute. New Jersey does not assess an intangible personal property tax, but it does impose an inheritance tax.
Federal taxation disparity
New Jersey consistently ranks as having one of the highest proportional levels of disparity of any state in the United States, based upon what it receives from the federal government relative to what it gives. In 2015, WalletHub ranked New Jersey the state least dependent upon federal government aid overall and having the fourth lowest return on taxpayer investment from the federal government, at 48 cents per dollar.[145]
New Jersey has one of the highest tax burdens in the nation.[146] Factors for this include the large federal tax liability which is not adjusted for New Jersey's higher cost of living and Medicaid funding formulas.
Industries
New Jersey's economy is multifaceted, but is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology, information technology, the financial industry, chemical development, telecommunications, food processing, electric equipment, printing, publishing, and tourism. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products.[147] New Jersey ranks second among states in blueberry production, third in cranberries and spinach, and fourth in bell peppers, peaches, and head lettuce.[148] The state harvests the fourth-largest number of acres planted with asparagus.[149]
Although New Jersey is home to many energy-intensive industries, its energy consumption is only 2.7% of the U.S. total, and its carbon dioxide emissions are 0.8% of the U.S. total. Its comparatively low greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to the state's use of nuclear power. According to the Energy Information Administration, nuclear power dominates New Jersey's electricity market, typically supplying more than one-half of state generation. New Jersey has three nuclear power plants, including the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, which came online in 1969 and is the oldest operating nuclear plant in the country.[150]
New Jersey has a strong scientific economy and is home to major pharmaceutical and telecommunications firms, drawing on the state's large and well-educated labor pool. There is also a strong service economy in retail sales, education, and real estate, serving residents who work in New York City or Philadelphia. Thomas Edison invented the first electric light bulb at his home in Menlo Park, Edison in 1879. New Jersey is also a key participant in the renewable wind industry.
Shipping is a key industry in New Jersey because of the state's strategic geographic location, the Port of New York and New Jersey being the busiest port on the East Coast. The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal was the world's first container port and today is one of the world's largest.
New Jersey hosts several business headquarters, including twenty-four Fortune 500 companies.[151] Paramus in Bergen County has become the top retail ZIP code (07652) in the United States, with the municipality generating over US$6 billion in annual retail sales.[152] Several New Jersey counties, including Somerset (7), Morris (10), Hunterdon (13), Bergen (21), and Monmouth (42), have been ranked among the highest-income counties in the United States.
Tourism
New Jersey's location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis and its extensive transportation system have put over one-third of all United States residents and many Canadian residents within overnight distance by land. This accessibility to consumer revenue has enabled seaside resorts such as Atlantic City and the remainder of the Jersey Shore, as well as the state's other natural and cultural attractions, to contribute significantly to the record 111 million tourist visits to New Jersey in 2018, providing US$44.7 billion in tourism revenue, directly supporting 333,860 jobs, sustaining more than 531,000 jobs overall including peripheral impacts, and generating US$5 billion in state and local tax revenue.[153]
Gambling
In 1976, a referendum of New Jersey voters approved casino gambling in Atlantic City, where the first legalized casino opened in 1978.[154] At that time, Las Vegas was the only other casino resort in the country.[155] Today, several casinos lie along the Atlantic City Boardwalk,[citation needed] the first and longest boardwalk in the world.[citation needed] Atlantic City experienced a dramatic contraction in its stature as a gambling destination after 2010, including the closure of multiple casinos since 2014, spurred by competition from the advent of legalized gambling in other northeastern U.S. states.[156][157] On February 26, 2013, Governor Chris Christie signed online gambling into law.[158] Sports betting has become a growing source of gambling revenue in New Jersey since being legalized across the nation by the U.S. Supreme Court on May 14, 2018.[159]
Natural resources
Forests cover 45%, or approximately 2.1 million acres, of New Jersey's land area.[160] The chief tree of the northern forests is the oak. The Pine Barrens, consisting of pine forests, is in the southern part of the state.
Some mining activity of zinc, iron, and manganese still takes place in the area in and around the Franklin Furnace.
New Jersey is second in the nation in solar power installations,[161] enabled by one of the country's most favorable net metering policies, and the renewable energy certificates program. The state has more than 10,000 solar installations.[162]
Education
As of 2010, there were 605 school districts in the state.[164]
Secretary of Education Rick Rosenberg, appointed by Governor Jon Corzine, created the Education Advancement Initiative (EAI) to increase college admission rates by 10% for New Jersey's high school students, decrease dropout rates by 15%, and increase the amount of money devoted to schools by 10%. Rosenberg retracted this plan when criticized for taking the money out of healthcare to fund this initiative.
In 2010, the state government paid all teachers' premiums for health insurance,[164] but currently all NJ public teachers pay a portion of their own health insurance premiums.
New Jersey is known for the quality of its education. In 2015, the state spent more per each public school student than any other U.S. state except New York, Alaska, and Connecticut, amounting to $18,235 spent per pupil; over 50% of the expenditure was allocated to student instruction.[165]
According to 2011 Newsweek statistics, students of High Technology High School in Lincroft, Monmouth County and Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, Bergen County registered average SAT scores of 2145 and 2100, respectively,[166] representing the second- and third-highest scores, respectively, of all listed U.S. high schools.[166]
Princeton University in Princeton, Mercer County, one of the world's most prominent research universities, is often featured at or near the top of various national and global university rankings, topping the 2020 list of U.S. News & World Report.[167] In 2013, Rutgers University, headquartered in New Brunswick, Middlesex County as the flagship institution of higher education in New Jersey, regained medical and dental schools,[168] augmenting its profile as a national research university as well.[169]
In 2014, New Jersey's school systems were ranked at the top of all fifty U.S. states by financial website Wallethub.com.[170] In 2018, New Jersey's overall educational system was ranked second among all states to Massachusetts by U.S. News & World Report.[33] In both 2019 and 2020, Education Week also ranked New Jersey public schools the best of all U.S. states.[30][31]
Nine New Jersey high schools were ranked among the top 25 in the U.S. on the Newsweek "America's Top High Schools 2016" list, more than from any other state.[171] A 2017 UCLA Civil Rights project found that New Jersey has the sixth-most segregated classrooms in the United States.[172]
Culture
General
New Jersey has continued to play a prominent role as a U.S. cultural nexus. Like every state, New Jersey has its own cuisine, religious communities, museums, and halls of fame.
New Jersey is the birthplace of modern inventions such as: FM radio, the motion picture camera, the lithium battery, the light bulb, transistors, and the electric train. Other New Jersey creations include: the drive-in movie, the cultivated blueberry, cranberry sauce, the postcard, the boardwalk, the zipper, the phonograph, saltwater taffy, the dirigible, the seedless watermelon,[173] the first use of a submarine in warfare, and the ice cream cone.[174]
Diners are iconic to New Jersey. The state is home to many diner manufacturers and has over 600 diners, more than any other place in the world.[175]
New Jersey is the only state without a state song. I'm From New Jersey is incorrectly listed on many websites as being the New Jersey state song, but it was not even a contender when in 1996 the New Jersey Arts Council submitted their suggestions to the New Jersey Legislature.[176]
New Jersey is frequently the target of jokes in American culture,[177] especially from New York City-based television shows, such as Saturday Night Live. Academic Michael Aaron Rockland attributes this to New Yorkers' view that New Jersey is the beginning of Middle America. The New Jersey Turnpike, which runs between two major East Coast cities, New York City and Philadelphia, is also cited as a reason, as people who traverse through the state may only see its industrial zones.[178] Reality television shows like Jersey Shore and The Real Housewives of New Jersey have reinforced stereotypical views of New Jersey culture,[179] but Rockland cited The Sopranos and the music of Bruce Springsteen as exporting a more positive image.[178]
Cuisine
New Jersey is known for several foods developed within the region, including Taylor Ham (also known as pork roll), sloppy joe sandwiches, tomato pies, and Texas weiners.
Several states with substantial Italian American populations take credit for the development of submarine sandwiches, including New Jersey.[180]
Music
New Jersey has long been an important origin for both rock and rap music. Prominent musicians from or with significant connections to New Jersey include:
- Singer Frank Sinatra was born in Hoboken. He sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, and appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows before he became an Academy Award-winning actor.
- Bruce Springsteen, who has sung of New Jersey life on most of his albums, is from Freehold. Some of his songs that represent New Jersey life are "Born to Run", "Spirit in the Night", "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)", "Thunder Road", "Atlantic City", and "Jungleland".
- The Jonas Brothers all reside in Wyckoff, where the eldest and youngest brothers of the group, Kevin and Frankie Jonas, were born.
- Irvington's Queen Latifah was one of the first female rappers to succeed in music, film, and television.[181]
- Lauryn Hill is from South Orange. Her 1998 debut solo album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, sold 10 million copies internationally.[182] She also sold millions with The Fugees second album The Score.[183]
- Southside Johnny, eponymous leader of Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes was raised in Ocean Grove. He is considered the "Grandfather of the New Jersey Sound"[184] and is cited by Jersey-born Jon Bon Jovi as his reason for singing.[185]
- Redman (Reggie Noble) was born, raised, and resides in Newark.
- All members of The Sugarhill Gang were born in Englewood.[186]
- Roc-A-Fella Records rap producer Just Blaze is from Paterson.[187]
- Jon Bon Jovi, from Sayreville, reached fame in the 1980s with hard rock outfit Bon Jovi. The band has also written many songs about life in New Jersey, including "Livin' On A Prayer",[188] and named one of their albums after the state.
- Singer Dionne Warwick was born in East Orange.[189]
- Singer Whitney Houston (who is Dionne Warwick's cousin) was born in Newark, and grew up in neighboring East Orange.[187]
- Jazz pianist and bandleader Count Basie was born in Red Bank in 1904.[190] In the 1960s, he collaborated on several albums with fellow New Jersey native Frank Sinatra.[191] The Count Basie Theatre in Red Bank is named in his honor.
- Parliament-Funkadelic, the funk music collective, was formed in Plainfield by George Clinton.[192]
- Asbury Park is home of The Stone Pony, which Bruce Springsteen and Bon Jovi frequented early in their careers[193]
- Hip-hop pioneers Naughty By Nature are from East Orange.[194]
- In 1964, the Isley Brothers founded the record label T-Neck Records, named after Teaneck, their home at the time.[195]
- The Broadway musical Jersey Boys is based on the lives of the members of the Four Seasons, three of whose members were born in New Jersey (Tommy DeVito, Frankie Valli, and Nick Massi) while a fourth, Bob Gaudio, was born out of state but raised in Bergenfield.[citation needed]
- Jazz pianist Bill Evans was born in Plainfield in 1929.[196]
- Post-hardcore band Thursday was formed in New Brunswick.[197] Numerous songs reference the city.[citation needed]
- Horror punk band The Misfits hail from Lodi, as well as their founder Glenn Danzig.[198]
- Punk rock poet Patti Smith is from Mantua.[199]
- Indie rock veterans Yo La Tengo are based in Hoboken.[200] They also have a song called "Night Falls on Hoboken".
- New Jersey was the East Coast hub for ska music in the 1990s. Some of the most popular ska bands, such as Catch 22 and Streetlight Manifesto, come from East Brunswick.[citation needed]
- Black Label Society's and Ozzy Osbourne's famed guitarist Zakk Wylde was born in Bayonne[201] and raised in Jackson.[202]
- The original four members of The Bouncing Souls grew up in Basking Ridge, and the band was formed in New Brunswick in the late 1980s.[203]
- As a child, singer Akon grew up in Union City, Newark, and Jersey City.
- My Chemical Romance's Frank Iero, Gerard Way, Mikey Way, and Ray Toro all are from New Jersey.[204]
- Cobra Starship frontman Gabe Saporta grew up in New Jersey.[205]
- Punk band The Gaslight Anthem hails from New Brunswick.[206]
- Experimental metal band The Dillinger Escape Plan are from Morris Plains.[207]
- Debbie Harry, born in Miami, Florida, in 1945 but raised by her adoptive parents in Hawthorne.
In comics and video games
- The fictional Gotham City, home to Batman, is depicted in DC Comics and the DC Extended Universe as being located in New Jersey.[208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215]
- The Lost and Damned (2009), The Ballad of Gay Tony and Max Payne 3 (2012) take place in New Jersey.
- The Grand Theft Auto series has parodied the state multiple times, with "New Guernsey" and "Alderney City" appearing as locations in games in the series.
Sports
New Jersey currently has six teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state, although one Major League Soccer team and two National Football League teams identify themselves as being from the New York metropolitan area.
Professional sports
The National Hockey League's New Jersey Devils, based in Newark at the Prudential Center, is the only major league sports franchise to bear the state's name. Founded in 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri, as the Kansas City Scouts, the team played in Denver, Colorado, as the Colorado Rockies from 1976 until the spring of 1982 when naval architect, businessman, and Jersey City native John J. McMullen purchased, renamed, and moved the franchise to Brendan Byrne Arena in East Rutherford's Meadowlands Sports Complex. While the team had mostly losing records in Kansas City, Denver, and its first years in New Jersey, the Devils began to improve in the late 1980s and early 1990s under Hall of Fame president and general manager Lou Lamoriello. The team made the playoffs for the Stanley Cup in 2001 and 2012, and won it in 1995, 2000, and 2003. The organization is the youngest of the nine major league teams in the New York metropolitan area. The Devils have established a following throughout the northern and central portions of the state, carving a place in a media market once dominated by the New York Rangers and Islanders.
In 2018, the Philadelphia Flyers renovated and expanded their training facility, the Virtua Center Flyers Skate Zone, in Voorhees Township in the southern portion of the state.[217]
The New York Metropolitan Area's two National Football League teams, the New York Giants and the New York Jets, play at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford's Meadowlands Sports Complex.[218] Built for about $1.6 billion,[219] the venue is the most expensive stadium ever built.[216] On February 2, 2014, MetLife Stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVIII.
The New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer play in Red Bull Arena, a soccer-specific stadium in Harrison across the Passaic River from downtown Newark. On July 27, 2011, Red Bull Arena hosted the 2011 MLS All-Star Game.[220]
From 1977 to 2012, New Jersey had a National Basketball Association team, the New Jersey Nets. WNBA's New York Liberty played in New Jersey from 2011 to 2013 while their primary home arena, Madison Square Garden was undergoing renovations.[221] In 2016, the Philadelphia 76ers of the NBA opened their new headquarters and training facility, the Philadelphia 76ers Training Complex, in Camden.[222]
The Meadowlands Sports Complex is home to the Meadowlands Racetrack, one of three major harness racing tracks in the state. The Meadowlands Racetrack and Freehold Raceway in Freehold are two of the major harness racing tracks in North America. Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport is a popular spot for thoroughbred racing in New Jersey and the northeast. It hosted the Breeders' Cup in 2007, and its turf course was renovated in preparation.
Major league sports
New Jersey teams
| Club | Sport | League | Stadium (capacity) | Established | Titles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey Devils | Ice hockey | NHL | Prudential Center (16,514) | 1974 | 3 |
| Metropolitan Riveters | NWHL | Barnabas Health Hockey House at the Prudential Center (5,000) | 2015 | 1 | |
| NJ/NY Gotham FC | Soccer | NWSL | Red Bull Arena (25,000) | 2007 | 1 |
New York teams that play in New Jersey
| Club | Sport | League | Stadium (capacity) | Established | Titles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York Giants | Football | NFL | MetLife Stadium (82,500) | 1925 | 8 |
| New York Jets | 1959 | 1 | |||
| New York Red Bulls | Soccer | MLS | Red Bull Arena (25,000) | 1994 | 0 |
Semi-pro and minor league sports
New Jersey teams
| Club | Sport | League | Stadium (capacity) | Established | Titles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trenton Thunder | Baseball | MiLB (AA-EL) | Arm & Hammer Park (6,150) | 1980 | 3 |
| Jersey Shore BlueClaws | MiLB (A-SAL) | FirstEnergy Park (8,000) | 1987 | 3 | |
| Somerset Patriots | ALPB | TD Bank Ballpark (6,100) | 1997 | 6 | |
| New Jersey Jackals | Frontier League | Yogi Berra Stadium (5,000) | 1998 | 5 | |
| Sussex County Miners | Skylands Stadium (4,200) | 2015 | 1 | ||
| Jersey Express | Basketball | ABA | Wayne YMCA | 2005 | 0 |
New York minor league teams that play in New Jersey
| Club | Sport | League | Stadium (capacity) | Established | Titles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York Red Bulls II | Soccer | USL | MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field (5,000) | 2015 | 1 |
College sports
Major schools
New Jerseyans' collegiate allegiances are predominantly split among the three major NCAA Division I programs in the state: the Rutgers University (New Jersey's flagship state university) Scarlet Knights, members of the Big Ten Conference; the Seton Hall University (the state's largest Catholic university) Pirates, members of the Big East Conference; and the Princeton University (the state's Ivy League university) Tigers.
The intense rivalry between Rutgers and Princeton athletics began with the first intercollegiate football game in 1869. The schools have not met on the football field since 1980, but they continue to play each other annually in all other sports offered by the two universities.
Rutgers, which fields 24 teams in various sports, is nationally known for its football program, with a 6–4 all-time bowl record; and its women's basketball programs, which appeared in a National Final in 2007. In 2008 and 2009, Rutgers expanded their football home, Rutgers Stadium, now called SHI Stadium, on the Busch Campus. The basketball teams play at the Rutgers Athletic Center on Livingston Campus. Both venues and campuses are in Piscataway, across the Raritan River from New Brunswick. The university also fields men's basketball and baseball programs. Rutgers' fans live mostly in the western parts of the state and Middlesex County; its alumni base is the largest in the state.
Rutgers' satellite campuses in Camden and Newark each field their own athletic programs—the Rutgers–Camden Scarlet Raptors and the Rutgers–Newark Scarlet Raiders—which both compete in NCAA Division III.
Seton Hall fields no football team, but its men's basketball team is one of the Big East's storied programs. No New Jersey team has won more games in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, and it is the state's only men's basketball program to reach a modern National Final. The Pirates play their home games at Prudential Center in downtown Newark, about four miles from the university's South Orange campus. Their fans hail largely from in the predominantly Roman Catholic areas of the northern part of the state and the Jersey Shore. The annual inter-conference rivalry game between Seton Hall and Rutgers, whose venue alternates between Newark and Piscataway, the Garden State Hardwood Classic, is planned through 2026.[223]
Other schools
The state's other Division I schools include the Monmouth University Hawks (West Long Branch), the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Highlanders (Newark), the Rider University Broncs (Lawrenceville), and the Saint Peter's University Peacocks and Peahens (Jersey City).
Fairleigh Dickinson University competes in both Division I and Division III. It has two campuses, each with its own sports teams. The teams at the Metropolitan Campus are known as the FDU Knights, and compete in the Northeast Conference and NCAA Division I. The college at Florham (FDU-Florham) teams are known as the FDU-Florham Devils and compete in the Middle Atlantic Conferences' Freedom Conference and NCAA Division III.
Among the various Division III schools in the state, the Stevens Institute of Technology Ducks have fielded the longest continuously running collegiate men's lacrosse program in the country. 2009 marked the 125th season.
High school
New Jersey high schools are divided into divisions under the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA).[224]'[225] Founded in 1918, the NJSIAA currently represents 22,000 schools, 330,000 coaches, and almost 4.5 million athletes.
Stadiums and arenas
| Venue | City | Capacity | Type | Tenants | Opened |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHI Stadium | Piscataway | 52,454 | Stadium | Rutgers Scarlet Knights | 1994 |
| Jadwin Gymnasium | Princeton | 6,854 | Arena | Princeton Tigers | 1969 |
| Rutgers Athletic Center | Piscataway | 8,000 | Arena | Rutgers Scarlet Knights | 1977 |
| MetLife Stadium | East Rutherford | 82,500 | Stadium | New York Giants, New York Jets | 2010 |
| Princeton Stadium | Princeton | 27,800 | Stadium | Princeton Tigers | 1998 |
| Prudential Center | Newark | 18,711 | Arena | New Jersey Devils, Seton Hall Pirates | 2007 |
| Red Bull Arena | Harrison | 25,189 | Stadium | New York Red Bulls | 2010 |
Other notable sports venues
- Old Bridge Township Raceway Park
- Trenton Speedway
- Atlantic City Race Course
- Freehold Raceway
- Garden State Park Racetrack
- Monmouth Park Racetrack
- Meadowlands Sports Complex
- Meadowlands Arena
- Meadowlands Racetrack
- Meadowlands Grand Prix
Media
Newspapers
- Asbury Park Press
- Burlington County Times
- Courier News
- Courier-Post
- Cranford Chronicle
- Daily Record (Morristown)[226]
- The Express-Times
- Gloucester County Times
- Herald News
- Home News Tribune
- Hunterdon County Democrat
- Independent Press
- Jersey Journal
- The New Jersey Herald[227]
- The News of Cumberland County
- The Press of Atlantic City
- The Record[228]
- The Record-Press and Suburban News
- The Reporter (Somerset)
- The Star-Ledger
- The Times (Trenton)
- Today's Sunbeam
- Trentonian (Mercer)
- The Warren Reporter
Radio stations
Television and film
Motion picture technology was developed by Thomas Edison, with much of his early work done at his West Orange laboratory. Edison's Black Maria was the first motion picture studio. America's first motion picture industry started in 1907 in Fort Lee and the first studio was constructed there in 1909.[229] DuMont Laboratories in Passaic developed early sets and made the first broadcast to the private home.
A number of television shows and films have been filmed in New Jersey. Since 1978, the state has maintained a Motion Picture and Television Commission to encourage filming in-state.[230] New Jersey has long offered tax credits to television producers. Governor Chris Christie suspended the credits in 2010, but the New Jersey State Legislature in 2011 approved the restoration and expansion of the tax credit program. Under bills passed by both the state Senate and Assembly, the program offers 20 percent tax credits (22% in urban enterprise zones) to television and film productions that shoot in the state and meet set standards for hiring and local spending.[231] When Governor Phil Murphy took office, he instated the New Jersey Film & Digital Media Tax Credit Program in 2018 and expanded it in 2020. The benefits include a 30% tax credit on film projects and a 40% subsidy for studio developments.[232]
Transportation
Roadways
The New Jersey Turnpike is one of the most prominent and heavily trafficked roadways in the United States. This toll road, which overlaps with Interstate 95 for much of its length, carries traffic between Delaware and New York, and up and down the East Coast in general. Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike", it is known for its numerous rest areas named after prominent New Jerseyans.
The Garden State Parkway, or simply "the Parkway", carries relatively more in-state traffic than interstate traffic and runs from New Jersey's northern border to its southernmost tip at Cape May. It is the main route that connects the New York metropolitan area to the Jersey Shore. With a total of fifteen travel and six shoulder lanes, the Driscoll Bridge on the Parkway, spanning the Raritan River in Middlesex County, is the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes as well as one of the busiest.[235]
New Jersey is connected to New York City via various key bridges and tunnels. The double-decked George Washington Bridge carries the heaviest load of motor vehicle traffic of any bridge in the world, at 102 million vehicles per year, across fourteen lanes.[233][234] It connects Fort Lee, New Jersey to the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, and carries Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1/9 across the Hudson River. The Lincoln Tunnel connects to Midtown Manhattan carrying New Jersey Route 495, and the Holland Tunnel connects to Lower Manhattan carrying Interstate 78. New Jersey is also connected to Staten Island by three bridges—from north to south, the Bayonne Bridge, the Goethals Bridge, and the Outerbridge Crossing.
New Jersey has interstate compacts with all three of its neighboring states. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the Delaware River Port Authority (with Pennsylvania), the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission (with Pennsylvania), and the Delaware River and Bay Authority (with Delaware) operate most of the major transportation routes in and out of the state. Bridge tolls are collected only from traffic exiting the state, with the exception of the private Dingman's Ferry Bridge over the Delaware River, which charges a toll in both directions.
It is unlawful for a customer to serve themselves gasoline in New Jersey. It became the last remaining U.S. state where all gas stations are required to sell full-service gasoline to customers at all times in 2016, after Oregon's introduction of restricted self-service gasoline availability took effect.[236]
Airports
Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) is one of the busiest airports in the United States. Operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, it is one of the three main airports serving the New York metropolitan area. United Airlines is the airport's largest tenant, operating an entire terminal there, which it uses as one of its primary hubs. FedEx Express operates a large cargo terminal at EWR as well. The adjacent Newark Airport railroad station provides access to Amtrak and NJ Transit trains along the Northeast Corridor Line.
Two smaller commercial airports, Atlantic City International Airport and rapidly growing Trenton-Mercer Airport, also operate in other parts of the state. Teterboro Airport in Bergen County, and Millville Municipal Airport in Cumberland County, are general aviation airports popular with private and corporate aircraft due to their proximity to New York City and the Jersey Shore, respectively.
Rail and bus
NJ Transit operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. A state-run corporation, it began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in North Jersey in 1979. In the early 1980s, it acquired Conrail's commuter train operations that connected suburban towns to New York City. Today, NJ Transit has eleven commuter rail lines that run through different parts of the state. Most of the lines end at either Penn Station in New York City or Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken. One line provides service between Atlantic City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
NJ Transit also operates three light rail systems in the state. The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail connects Bayonne to North Bergen, through Hoboken and Jersey City. The Newark Light Rail is partially underground, and connects downtown Newark with other parts of the city and its suburbs, Belleville and Bloomfield. The River Line connects Trenton and Camden.
The PATH is a rapid transit system consisting of four lines operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. It links Hoboken, Jersey City, Harrison and Newark with New York City. The PATCO Speedline is a rapid transit system that links Camden County to Philadelphia. Both the PATCO and the PATH are two of only five rapid transit systems in the United States to operate 24 hours a day.
Amtrak operates numerous long-distance passenger trains in New Jersey, both to and from neighboring states and around the country. In addition to the Newark Airport connection, other major Amtrak railway stations include Trenton Transit Center, Metropark, and the historic Newark Penn Station.
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, or SEPTA, has two commuter rail lines that operate into New Jersey. The Trenton Line terminates at the Trenton Transit Center, and the West Trenton Line terminates at the West Trenton Rail Station in Ewing.
AirTrain Newark is a monorail connecting the Amtrak/NJ Transit station on the Northeast Corridor to the airport's terminals and parking lots.
Some private bus carriers still remain in New Jersey. Most of these carriers operate with state funding to offset losses and state owned buses are provided to these carriers, of which Coach USA companies make up the bulk. Other carriers include private charter and tour bus operators that take gamblers from other parts of New Jersey, New York City, Philadelphia, and Delaware to the casino resorts of Atlantic City.
Ferries
New York Waterway has ferry terminals at Belford, Jersey City, Hoboken, Weehawken, and Edgewater, with service to different parts of Manhattan. Liberty Water Taxi in Jersey City has ferries from Paulus Hook and Liberty State Park to Battery Park City in Manhattan. Statue Cruises offers service from Liberty State Park to the Statue of Liberty National Monument, including Ellis Island. SeaStreak offers services from the Raritan Bayshore to Manhattan, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket.
The Delaware River and Bay Authority operates the Cape May–Lewes Ferry on Delaware Bay, carrying both passengers and vehicles between New Jersey and Delaware. The agency also operates the Forts Ferry Crossing for passengers across the Delaware River. The Delaware River Port Authority operates the RiverLink Ferry between the Camden waterfront and Penn's Landing in Philadelphia.
Government and politics
Executive
56th Governor
since January 16, 2018
The position of Governor of New Jersey has been considered one of the most powerful in the nation. Until 2010, the governor was the only statewide elected executive official in the state and appointed numerous government officials. Formerly, an acting governor was even more powerful as he simultaneously served as president of the New Jersey State Senate, thus directing half of the legislative and all of the executive process. In 2002 and 2007, president of the state senate Richard Codey held the position of acting governor for a short time, and from 2004 to 2006 Codey became a long-term acting governor due to Jim McGreevey's resignation. A 2005 amendment to the state Constitution prevents the Senate President from becoming acting governor in the event of a permanent gubernatorial vacancy without giving up her or his seat in the state Senate. Phil Murphy (D) is the governor. The governor's mansion is Drumthwacket, located in Princeton.
Before 2010, New Jersey was one of the few states without a lieutenant governor. Republican Kim Guadagno was elected the first lieutenant governor of New Jersey and took office on January 19, 2010. She was elected on the Republican ticket with Governor-Elect Chris Christie in the November 2009 NJ gubernatorial election. The position was created as the result of a Constitutional amendment to the New Jersey State Constitution passed by the voters on November 8, 2005, and effective as of January 17, 2006.
Legislative
The current version of the New Jersey State Constitution was adopted in 1947. It provides for a bicameral New Jersey Legislature, consisting of an upper house Senate of 40 members and a lower house General Assembly of 80 members. Each of the 40 legislative districts elects one state senator and two Assembly members. Assembly members are elected for a two-year term in all odd-numbered years; state senators are elected in the years ending in 1, 3, and 7 and thus serve either four- or two-year terms.
New Jersey is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd-numbered years. (The others are Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virginia.) New Jersey holds elections for these offices every four years, in the year following each federal Presidential election year. Thus, the last year when New Jersey elected a governor was 2017; the next gubernatorial election will occur in 2021.
Senior U.S. Senator
Junior U.S. Senator
Judicial
The New Jersey Supreme Court[237] consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they can be reappointed to serve until age 70.
Most of the day-to-day work in the New Jersey courts is carried out in the Municipal Court, where simple traffic tickets, minor criminal offenses, and small civil matters are heard.
More serious criminal and civil cases are handled by the Superior Court for each county. All Superior Court judges are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Each judge serves an initial seven-year term, after which he or she can be reappointed to serve until age 70. New Jersey's judiciary is unusual in that it still has separate courts of law and equity, like its neighbor Delaware but unlike most other U.S. states. The New Jersey Superior Court is divided into Law and Chancery Divisions at the trial level; the Law Division hears both criminal cases and civil lawsuits where the plaintiff's primary remedy is damages, while the Chancery Division hears family cases, civil suits where the plaintiff's primary remedy is equitable relief, and probate trials.
The Superior Court also has an Appellate Division, which functions as the state's intermediate appellate court. Superior Court judges are assigned to the Appellate Division by the Chief Justice.
There is also a Tax Court, which is a court of limited jurisdiction. Tax Court judges hear appeals of tax decisions made by County Boards of Taxation. They also hear appeals on decisions made by the director of the Division of Taxation on such matters as state income, sales and business taxes, and homestead rebates. Appeals from Tax Court decisions are heard in the Appellate Division of Superior Court. Tax Court judges are appointed by the governor for initial terms of seven years, and upon reappointment are granted tenure until they reach the mandatory retirement age of 70. There are 12 Tax Court judgeships.
Counties
New Jersey is divided into 21 counties; 13 date from the colonial era. New Jersey was completely divided into counties by 1692; the present counties were created by dividing the existing ones; most recently Union County in 1857.[238] New Jersey is the only state in the nation where elected county officials are called "Freeholders", governing each county as part of its own Board of Chosen Freeholders. The number of freeholders in each county is determined by referendum, and must consist of three, five, seven or nine members.
Depending on the county, the executive and legislative functions may be performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders or split into separate branches of government. In 16 counties, members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders perform both legislative and executive functions on a commission basis, with each freeholder assigned responsibility for a department or group of departments. In the other five counties (Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson and Mercer), there is a directly elected County Executive who performs the executive functions while the Board of Chosen Freeholders retains a legislative and oversight role. In counties without an Executive, a County Administrator (or County Manager) may be hired to perform day-to-day administration of county functions.
Municipalities
New Jersey currently has 565 municipalities; the number was 566 before Princeton Township and Princeton Borough merged to form the municipality of Princeton on January 1, 2013. Unlike other states, all New Jersey land is part of a municipality. In 2008, Governor Jon Corzine proposed cutting state aid to all towns under 10,000 people, to encourage mergers to reduce administrative costs.[239] In May 2009, the Local Unit Alignment Reorganization and Consolidation Commission began a study of about 40 small communities in South Jersey to decide which ones might be good candidates for consolidation.[240]
Forms of municipal government
| New Jersey municipal government | ||||
| Traditional types | ||||
| Borough | Township | |||
| ||||
| Modern forms | ||||
| Walsh Act commission | ||||
| 1923 municipal manager | ||||
| Faulkner Act forms | ||||
| Mayor–council | Council–manager | |||
| Small municipality | ||||
| Mayor–council–administrator | ||||
| Nonstandard forms | ||||
| Special charter | ||||
| Changing form of municipal government | ||||
| Charter Study Commission | ||||
Starting in the 20th century, largely driven by reform-minded goals, a series of six modern forms of government was implemented. This began with the Walsh Act, enacted in 1911 by the New Jersey Legislature, which provided for a three- or five-member commission elected on a non-partisan basis. This was followed by the 1923 Municipal Manager Law, which offered a non-partisan council, provided for a weak mayor elected by and from the members of the council, and introduced a Council-manager government structure with an appointed manager responsible for day-to-day administration of municipal affairs.
The Faulkner Act, originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: Mayor-Council, Council-Manager, Small Municipality, and Mayor-Council-Administrator. The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a Special Charter with the approval of the New Jersey Legislature.[citation needed]
While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially of the village type, Loch Arbour is the only one remaining with the village form of government. The other three villages—Ridgefield Park (now with a Walsh Act form), Ridgewood (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and South Orange (now operates under a Special Charter)—have all migrated to other non-village forms.[citation needed]
Politics
Social attitudes and issues
Socially, New Jersey is considered one of the more liberal states in the nation. Polls indicate that 60% of the population are self-described as pro-choice, although a majority are opposed to late trimester and intact dilation and extraction and public funding of abortion.[241][242] In a 2009 Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll, a plurality supported same-sex marriage 49% to 43% opposed,[243] On October 18, 2013, the New Jersey Supreme Court rendered a provisional, unanimous (7–0) order authorizing same-sex marriage in the state, pending a legal appeal by Governor Chris Christie,[244] who then withdrew this appeal hours after the inaugural same-sex marriages took place on October 21, 2013.[81]
New Jersey also has some of the most stringent gun control laws in the U.S. These include bans on assault firearms, hollow-nose bullets and slingshots. No gun offense in New Jersey is graded less than a felony. BB guns and black-powder guns are all treated as modern firearms. New Jersey does not recognize out-of-state gun licenses and aggressively enforces its own gun laws.[245]
Elections
In past elections, New Jersey was a Republican bastion, but recently has become a Democratic stronghold. Currently, New Jersey Democrats have majority control of both houses of the New Jersey Legislature (Senate, 26–14, and Assembly, 54–26), a 10–2 split of the state's twelve seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, and both U.S. Senate seats. Although the Democratic Party is very successful statewide, the state has had Republican governors; from 1994 to 2002, Christine Todd Whitman won twice with 47% and 49% of the votes, respectively, and in the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie defeated incumbent Democrat Jon Corzine with 48% of the vote. In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Christie won reelection with over 60% of the votes. Because each candidate for lieutenant governor runs on the same ticket as the party's candidate for governor, the current governor and lieutenant governor are members of the Democratic Party. The governor's appointments to cabinet and non-cabinet positions may be from either party; for instance, the attorney general is a Democrat.
In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the Democratic Party. For many years in the past, however, it was a Republican stronghold, having given comfortable margins of victory to the Republican candidate in the close elections of 1948, 1968, and 1976. New Jersey was a crucial swing state in the elections of 1960, 1968, and 1992. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was Clifford P. Case in 1979. Newark Mayor Cory Booker was elected in October 2013 to join Robert Menendez to make New Jersey the first state with concurrent serving black and Latino U.S. senators.[246]
The state's Democratic strongholds include Camden County, Essex County (typically the state's most Democratic county—it includes Newark, the state's largest city), Hudson County (the second-strongest Democratic county, including Jersey City, the state's second-largest city); Mercer County (especially around Trenton and Princeton), Middlesex County, and Union County (including Elizabeth, the state's fourth-largest city).[247]
The suburban northwestern and southeastern counties of the state are reliably Republican: Republicans have support along the coast in Ocean County and in the mountainous northwestern part of the state, especially Morris County, Sussex County, and Warren County. Other suburban counties, especially Bergen County and Burlington County had the majority of votes go to the Democratic Party. In the 2008 election, President Barack Obama won New Jersey with approximately fifty-seven percent of the vote, compared to McCain's forty-one percent. Independent candidate Ralph Nader garnered less than one percent of the vote.
About one-third of the state's counties are considered "swing" counties, but some go more one way than others. For example, Salem County, the same is true with Passaic County, with a highly populated Hispanic Democratic south (including Paterson, the state's third-largest city) and a rural, Republican north; with the "swing" township of Wayne in the middle. Other "swing" counties like Monmouth County, Somerset County, and Cape May County tend to go Republican, as they also have population in conservative areas, although Somerset has recently trended Democratic.
To be eligible to vote in a U.S. election, all New Jerseyans are required to start their residency in the state 30 days prior to an election and register 21 days prior to election day.[248]
Capital punishment
On December 17, 2007, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law a bill that would eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. New Jersey is the first state to pass such legislation since Iowa and West Virginia eliminated executions in 1965.[249] Corzine also signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole".[250]
Points of interest
Museums
| Museum | Location | Year opened | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey State Museum | Trenton | 1895 | General education |
| Franklin Mineral Museum | Franklin, Sussex County | 1964 | Mineral museum |
| Liberty Science Center | Liberty State Park, Jersey City | 1993 | Science museum |
| Maywood Station Museum | Maywood | 2004 | Railroad museum |
| Montclair Art Museum | Montclair | 1914 | Art museum |
| Newark Museum | Newark | 1909 | Natural science and art museum |
| Princeton University Art Museum | Princeton | 1884 | Art museum |
| Thomas Edison Museum | Menlo Park | 1938 | Thomas Edison museum |
There is also a mineral museum Ogdensburg in Sussex County.
National Parks, Monuments, Reserves, and Trails
- Appalachian National Scenic Trail
- Crossroads of the American Revolution
- Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
- Ellis Island National Monument
- Gateway National Recreation Area
- Great Egg Harbor National Scenic and Recreational River
- Lower Delaware Scenic River
- Morristown National Historical Park
- New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve
- Patterson Great Falls National Historical Park
- Statue of Liberty National Monument
- Thomas Edison National Historical Park
- Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route[251]
Entertainment and concert venues
Visitors and residents take advantage of and contribute to performances at the numerous music, theater, and dance companies and venues located throughout the state, including:
| Venue | Type | Location | Year opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prudential Center | Arena | Newark | 2007 |
| Meadowlands Arena | Arena | Meadowlands Sports Complex | 1981 |
| PNC Bank Arts Center | Amphitheater | Holmdel | 1977 |
| NJPAC | Concert Hall | Newark | 1997 |
| Paper Mill Playhouse | Regional Theater | Millburn | 1968 |
| State Theater | Regional Theater | New Brunswick | 1921 |
| Boardwalk Hall | Arena | Atlantic City | 1926 |
| Susquehanna Bank Center | Amphitheater | Camden | 1995 |
| Sun National Bank Center | Arena | Trenton | 1999 |
Boardwalks
New Jersey is the location of most of the boardwalks in the U.S., with nearly every town and city along the Jersey Shore area each having a boardwalk with various attractions, entertainment, shopping, dining, miniature golf, arcades, water parks with various water rides, including water slides, lazy rivers, wave pools, etc., and amusement parks hosting rides and attractions including roller coasters, carousels, Ferris wheels, bumper cars, teacups, etc.
| Venue | Amusement Park | Location | Year opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asbury Park Boardwalk | Asbury Splash Park | Asbury Park | 1871 |
| Atlantic City Boardwalk | Steel Pier | Atlantic City | 1870 |
| Jenkinson's Boardwalk | None | Point Pleasant Beach | 1928 |
| Ocean City Boardwalk | Gillian's Wonderland Pier | Ocean City | 1929 |
| Pier Village | None | Long Branch | 2005 |
| Seaside Heights Boardwalk | Casino Pier | Seaside Heights | 1932 |
| Wildwood Boardwalk | Morey's Piers | The Wildwoods | 1969 |
Theme parks
| Main park | Other parks | Location | Year opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clementon Amusement Park | Splash World | Clementon | 1907 |
| Diggerland | Four in England | West Berlin | 2014 |
| DreamWorks Waterpark | None | East Rutherford | 2020[254] |
| Fantasy Island | Thundering Surf Water Park | Beach Haven | 1985 |
| The Funplex (Mount Laurel) | The Funplex (East Hanover) | Mount Laurel | |
| iPlay America | None | Freehold | 2011 |
| Keansburg Amusement Park | Runaway Rapids | Keansburg | 1904 |
| Land of Make Believe | Pirate's Cove | Hope | 1954 |
| Mountain Creek Waterpark | None | Vernon | 1998 |
| Nickelodeon Universe | Nickelodeon Universe (Minnesota) | East Rutherford | 2019[255] |
| Six Flags Great Adventure | Six Flags Hurricane Harbor | Jackson | 1974 |
| Storybook Land | None | Egg Harbor Township | 1955 |
| Wild West City | None | Stanhope | 1957 |
State symbols
| State animal | Horse (Equus caballus)[14] |
| State reptile | Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)[256] |
| State bird | Eastern goldfinch (Carduelis tristis)[10] |
| State freshwater fish | Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)[11] |
| State folk dance | Square dance[16] |
| State insect | European honey bee (Apis mellifera)[13] |
| State flower | Common meadow violet (Viola sororia)[12] |
| State motto | "Liberty and Prosperity" |
| State song | None[257] |
| State tree | Northern red oak (Quercus borealis maxima) (syn. Quercus rubra)[15] |
| State dinosaur | Hadrosaurus foulkii[18] |
| State soil | Downer |
| State color | Buff and Jersey Blue[258] |
| State tall ship | A. J. Meerwald[259] |
| State ship | USS New Jersey[256] |
| State fruit | Northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)[17] |
| State vegetable | Rutgers tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) |
| State shell | Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica gmelin)[260] |
| State memorial tree | Dogwood (Cornus florida)[15] |
| State slogan | Come See For Yourself |
See also
- Index of New Jersey-related articles
- List of people from New Jersey
- Outline of New Jersey
- COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey
References
- ^ The Garden State and Other New Jersey State Nicknames Archived September 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Robert Lupp, New Jersey Reference Services, New Jersey State Library, October 12, 1994.
- ^ a b "New Jersey". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "Quickfacts New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c "2020 Census Apportionment Results". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "GPO Style Manual 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey—Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
- ^ "Definition of New Jerseyite". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ a b "New Jersey State Bird". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "The New Jersey State Fish". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "New Jersey State Flower". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "New Jersey State Bug". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "New Jersey State Animal". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "The New Jersey State Trees". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "New Jersey's State Dance". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b "New Jersey's State Fruit". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ a b Levins, Hoag. "Hadrosaurus foulkii Becomes Official State Dinosaur, June, 1991". Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ "New Jersey State Soil—Downer". Natural Resources Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
- ^ "QCEW County-MSA-CSA Crosswalk". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
- ^ "NJ History Outline". Usgennet.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Encyclopedia—New Jersey History". 2000–2011 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
- ^ "New Jersey". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2010 – via Webcitation.org.
- ^ Mansnerus, Laura (September 26, 1999). "New Jersey's Cities: Sad Urban Presence Encircled by Wealth". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ Dave Sheingold (March 24, 2016). "Bergen County leads population growth trend, halts flow to other parts of N.J". Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
- ^ Kathleen Lynn (October 25, 2015). "What's the future for suburban office space?". Archived from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ Chrispher Maag (April 15, 2016). "Population rebounds around train stations in N.J". Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ a b Burrows, Dan. "Millionaires in America 2020: All 50 States Ranked How many millionaires are in America and where do they live? The states with the highest number of millionaire households just might surprise you.", Kiplinger, May 28, 2020. Accessed November 23, 2020. "Millionaire households: 323,443 Total households: 3,312,916 Concentration of millionaires: 9.76%... For the second year in a row, New Jersey is the top spot for millionaires per capita in the U.S. Like Connecticut, New Jersey has a high concentration of millionaires largely thanks to its proximity to New York City."
- ^ a b c "Household Income: 2017" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. September 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
- ^ a b Kelly Heyboer (September 2, 2020). "N.J. has the best public schools in the nation – again, ranking says". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
- ^ a b Kelly Heyboer (September 4, 2019). "N.J. has the No. 1 public schools in the nation, ranking says". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
- ^ Alex Napoliello (August 4, 2014). "New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- ^ a b "The 10 Best U.S. States for Education—2. New Jersey". U.S. News & World Report. February 27, 2018. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
- ^ [1] Archived September 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine by Great Swamp Watershed Association. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
- ^ "The Story of the Discovery of Scheyichbi". Stories of New Jersey. GET NJ. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ "New Jersey Colony Reading Comprehension". MrNussbaum.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
- ^ Streissguth pp. 30–36
- ^ "About Crossroads of the American Revolution". Crossroads of the American Revolution. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ "The Military Capital of the American Revolution". New Jersey Tourism. February 2014. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ Klinghoffer and Elkis ("The Petticoat Electors: Women's Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776–1807", Journal of the Early Republic 12, no. 2 (1992): 159–193.)
- ^ James Gigantino, The Ragged Road to Abolition: Slavery and Freedom in New Jersey, 1775–1865
- ^ NJ.com, Ben Horowitz | NJ Advance Media for (June 23, 2015). "10 facts about New Jersey and the Civil War". nj. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ "Usgennet.org". Usgennet.org. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Gerdes, Louise I. The 1930s, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.
- ^ "History". New York Shipbuilding Corporation. March 23, 2016. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) Harvard Business School p.111
- ^ "Fort Dix History". U.S. Support Activity—Fort Dix. ¶1. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
- ^ "Camp Merritt". Freepages.military.rootsweb.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ John Pike. "Camp Kilmer". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "CV6.org". CV6.org. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Check out the abandoned New Jersey military base where a nuclear missile exploded in 1960". Business Insider. March 23, 2017. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
- ^ "Mission & History". Education Law Center. December 29, 2009. History, ¶3. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
- ^ "Livability: A Legacy of Northern N.J. Communities" (PDF). Mobility Matters. New Jersey Regional Planning Association. Fall 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
- ^ Hudson–Bergen Light Rail System and Economic Development on the Waterfront (PDF) (Report). Booz Allen Hamilton. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Liberty Harbor North Archived February 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 3, 2007.
- ^ Robins, Martin E.; Wells, Jan S. (April 2008). "Land Development at Selected Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Stations" (PDF). Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center at Rutgers University. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
- ^ PEPANNRES—Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010, to July 1, 2014—2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
- ^ Stirling, Stephen. "What are N.J.'s fastest growing and shrinking towns?" Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015. "Jersey City has gained nearly 15,000 residents since 2010, making it the fastest growing municipality in the state and a symbol of the Garden State's reinvigorated urban core."
- ^ DP-1—Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Jersey City city, Hudson County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Jersey City Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. April 29, 2005. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Mark J. Magyar (November 8, 2011). "Paterson Great Falls National Park: More Than Scenery". 2010–2011, njSPOTLIGHT. All rights reserved. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ^ Mitchell L. Moss & Carson Qing (March 2012). "The Dynamic Population of Manhattan" (PDF). Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Wagner School of Public Service, New York University. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- ^ "united states annual sunshine map". HowStuffWorks, Inc. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ "2°C: BEYOND THE LIMIT". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ Hardiness Zone Lookup at Archived March 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Arborday.org. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
- ^ National Climatic Data Center. "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC)". Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
- ^ "Hurricane Floyd Impacts". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
- ^ "Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020)". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived April 29, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". December 24, 2014. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- ^ Population of New Jersey: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts[permanent dead link]
- ^ Promotions, Center for New Media and; Bureau, Public Information Staff, US Census. "US Census Bureau 2010 Census". Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ^ "New Jersey—Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
- ^ "Pew Research Center". Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
- ^ "N.J. illegal immigration level holds steady". Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ^ "What towns in New Jersey are considered sanctuary cities?". New Jersey 101.5—New Jersey News Radio. February 1, 2017. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 12, 2001. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
- ^ "New Jersey". New Jersey State Society. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ^ Nature Jobs. "Delaware / Hudson Valley Hot Spot for biotechnology". Nature. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey leads world in number of scientists, engineers per square mile". PolitiFact. September 6, 2012. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- ^ a b MELISSA HAYES, KIBRET MARKOS, CHRIS HARRIS AND SCOTT FALLON (October 21, 2013). "Christie drops appeal of ruling allowing gay marriage in NJ". Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2013.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ^ "Jewish Population in the United States, by State". American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
- ^ [2] Archived May 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Accessed April 29, 2019.
- ^ The Foreign Born from India in the United States Archived April 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, dated December 1, 2003
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-6. Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States, Regions, Divisions, States, Puerto Rico, and Places of 100,000 or More Population: Table 2. Percent of Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States, and for Puerto Rico: 2000" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity Archived January 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (Microsoft Excel)
- ^ "Ancestry: 2000—Census 2000 Brief" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. June 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2004. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ^ [3] Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
- ^ Richard Newman (August 30, 2012). "Korean company to buy Fort Lee bank". Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
- ^ a b Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 ISBN 1-56691-949-5. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
- ^ a b Laryssa Wirstiuk (April 21, 2014). "Neighborhood Spotlight: Journal Square". Jersey City Independent. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Frances Kai-Hwa Wang (July 28, 2014). "World's Largest Hindu Temple Being Built in New Jersey". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
- ^ Genovese, Peter (November 16, 2012). "Big business in Little India: Commerce flourishes in vibrant ethnic neighborhood". nj.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- ^ "Eat Street: Oak Tree Road, Iselin, N.J." SAVEUR. Archived from the original on February 8, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- ^ Joseph Berger. "A Place Where Indians, Now New Jerseyans, Thrive". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 21, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
- ^ Shaftel, David (March 9, 2017). "Indo-Chinese Food Is Hard to Find, Except in New Jersey". Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ King, Kate (September 25, 2017). "'Little India' Thrives in Central New Jersey". Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019 – via www.wsj.com.
- ^ Burke, Monte. "How Indo-Americans Created The Ultimate Neighborhood Bank". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- ^ Kevin Coyne. "Turbans Make Targets, Some Sikhs Find". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ DP05: ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Monroe township, Middlesex County, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 11, 2019.
- ^ "State of New Jersey Department of State". State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ^ Thomas, G. Scott (September 29, 2009). "Buffalo named third-poorest city in U.S." Buffalo Business First. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
- ^ "Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1999, with FIPS codes". Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Palisades Park borough, New Jersey QuickLinks". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
- ^ Kirk Semple (May 18, 2012). "In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
- ^ a b Erin O'Neill (October 19, 2015). "What's the top country of birth for immigrants in N.J.?". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- ^ Steve Strunsky (April 16, 2019). "Lakewood yeshiva looks to use old golf course for new campus". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
Beth Medrash Gohova is said to be the world's largest Jewish-affiliated university outside of Israel.
- ^ Stephen Stirling. "10 ways Lakewood is unlike anywhere else in N.J." NJ Advance Media. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
The sea change can be pinned to one event: The founding of the Beth Medrash Govoha yeshiva in the mid-20th century. The Orthodox Jewish community has set down roots en masse around the religious school, which is now the largest yeshiva in North America.
- ^ "New Jersey QuickLinks Demographic profile from the 2010 Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
- ^ "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical SnapshotM". The Plain Dealer. Advance Ohio. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 30, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Data" (PDF). www.cdc.gov. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
- ^ a b "New Jersey". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ^ "City of Paterson—Silk City". Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ "A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States". yumimmigrantcity.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ Joe Malinconico & Charlie Kratovil (May 9, 2012). "Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory". The Alternative Press. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ Joe Malinconico (September 25, 2014). "Political battle brewing over Paterson's plans for Hispanic Heritage Month event". Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
- ^ Summer Dawn Hortillosa (February 17, 2015). "Jersey City named most diverse city in America: report". The Jersey Journal. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
- ^ Spencer McKee. "53 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Jersey City". Movoto. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
- ^ "Religious Landscape Study". PewForum.org. May 11, 2015. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "State Membership Report". The Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
- ^ "Gurbir S. Grewal Confirmed as 61st New Jersey Attorney General". State of New Jersey. January 16, 2018. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
Gurbir S. Grewal became the 61st Attorney General of the State of New Jersey following the inauguration of Governor Phil Murphy today, January 16, 2018. He was confirmed unanimously by the New Jersey Senate this afternoon. "I am honored and humbled to assume the role of Attorney General at this critical time for our state and country. I am grateful to Governor Murphy and the Senate for the trust they have placed in me and I look forward to continuing my service to the state of New Jersey. There's much to do, and I can't wait to get started," said Attorney General Grewal. Prior to his selection as New Jersey Attorney General, Grewal served as Bergen County Prosecutor, the chief law enforcement officer of the most populous county in New Jersey and home to nearly a million residents living in seventy municipalities.
- ^ Olivia Rizzo (May 21, 2019). "First female Muslim mayor in the U.S. calls this N.J. town home". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
She is now the first female South Asian mayor of a New Jersey municipality and the first female Muslim mayor in the state. She is also believed to be the first female Muslim mayor, female Pakistani-American mayor and first female South Asian-American mayor first in the nation, according to Religionnews.com.
- ^ Frances Kai-Hwa Wang. "World's Largest Hindu Temple Being Built in New Jersey". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ https://www.biggestuscities.com/nj
- ^ Gross Domestic Product by State, First Quarter 2019 Archived August 18, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Economic Analysis, July 25, 2019. Accessed November 2, 2019.
- ^ "Financial state of the state: New Jersey". Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
- ^ "How deep is NJ in debt? Very, very deep but not as bad as 2017". North Jersey Record. June 3, 2019.
- ^ a b "Selected Regional Estimates" (PDF). BEA.gov. January 11, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
- ^ New Jersey Tax Rate Schedules 2017 Archived January 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Treasury. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- ^ New Jersey Sales Tax Guide Archived February 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Treasury. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- ^ Urban Enterprise Zone Program Archived March 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, State of New Jersey. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone Locations Archived November 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, locations as of January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "NJ Division of Taxation Reminds Consumers & Business Owners That Sales Tax Rate Will Change to 6.625% in the New Year" Archived February 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Treasury, press release dated December 27, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018. "The New Jersey Division of Taxation is reminding business owners that the State Sales and Use Tax rate will be reduced to 6.625% on Jan. 1, 2018. ... Rates for State Sales Tax in Urban Enterprise Zones also will change on Jan. 1, 2018. The rate in a designated UEZ will be 50 percent of the Sales Tax rate, or 3.3125 percent. The previous UEZ rate was 3.4375 percent."
- ^ "States Where People Pay The Most (And Least) In Taxes". 24/7 Wall St. July 21, 2011. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "2015's States Most & Least Dependent on the Federal Government". Evolution Finance. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
- ^ "New Jersey". Tax Foundation. New Jersey's State and Local Tax Burden Above National Average. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
- ^ "Maersk aims to shore up N.J. shipping industry with direct financing service—NJBIZ".
- ^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (June 24, 2010). "A Garden Crawl Through the Garden State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Nowadays New Jersey ranks second among states in blueberry production, third in cranberries and spinach and fourth in bell peppers, peaches and head lettuce, the official state Web site, nj.gov, boasts.
- ^ "It's No Tomato, but a Stalk Gets Some Respect". The New York Times. May 4, 2012. Archived from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
... New Jersey harvests the fourth-largest number of acres dedicated to asparagus in the nation.
- ^ "EIA State Energy Profiles: New Jersey". June 12, 2008. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
- ^ "Fortune 500 2007—States: New Jersey". CNN. March 30, 2007. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
- ^ Allison Pries (March 10, 2019). "Inside the N.J. town where retail spending beats Hollywood and tourism rivals Disney". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
The former farming community already sees more retail sales than any other zip code in the country ... More than $6 billion in retail sales happen in Paramus each year.
- ^ Bill Duhart (May 9, 2019). "Tourism spending is up in N.J., and it'll be even better when American Dream is built, Murphy says". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
- ^ Brett Avery (February 5, 2008). "30 and Counting: Legalized Gambling". New Jersey Monthly. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
- ^ "Gambling Becomes Legal in New Jersey". Associated Press. May 26, 1978. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
The nation's only legal gambling casino outside Nevada won state approval Thursday night and planned Friday morning opening ...
- ^ Melissa Romero (August 4, 2016). "The Shuttered Casinos of Atlantic City". Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ Wayne Parry, Associated Press (August 17, 2014). "Revel had wanted to shut down casino on Monday". Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ^ Ryan Hutchins (February 27, 2013). "Gov. Christie signs internet gambling into law". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on March 6, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ Ariane de Vogue and Maegan Vazquez (May 14, 2018). "Supreme Court lets states legalize sports gambling". CNN. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
The 6-3 ruling is a victory for New Jersey and other states who have considered allowing sports gambling as a way to encourage tourism and tax revenue.
- ^ "Trends in New Jersey Forests" (PDF). Department of Environmental Protection, N.J. Forestry Services and United States Department of Agriculture. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
- ^ "New Jersey Solar". Solar Energy Industries Association. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ^ "Solar Shore: Jersey Hits 10,000 Installations—EarthTechling". Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ^ "Princeton University". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
- ^ a b Will, George F. (April 22, 2010). "The thunder from New Jersey". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. pp. A19. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ^ "Education Spending Per Student by State". GOVERNING—e.Republic. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
- ^ a b "America's Best High Schools 2011". Newsweek. June 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ^ "National University Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ "University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ: About UMDNJ". July 16, 2011. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Patricia Alex (July 2, 2013). "Rutgers a 'world-class university', school president says at merger ceremony". Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ Alex Napoliello (August 4, 2014). "New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
- ^ "America's Top High Schools 2016". Newsweek. 2016. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
- ^ Pattani, Aneri (November 16, 2017). "New Jersey Schools Becoming More Segregated, New Report Finds". WNYC. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ "New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame". Njinvent.njit.edu. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "His Cones 'Original'". Sarasota Journal. 20 (130). November 19, 1971. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ "New Jersey Facts and Trivia". 50states.com. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "The History of the New Jersey State Song?". Aboutnewjersey.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Why does New Jersey get no respect?". CBS News. January 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ a b Caffrey, Michelle (July 8, 2014). "The Jersey Joke: Rutgers professor recounts long history of New Jersey as a punchline". South Jersey Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ Whelan, Aubrey (July 27, 2010). "'Jersey Doesn't Stink' website defends state". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ "Vol. 28/3" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
- ^ Ruth, Amy (2001). Queen Latifah. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780822549888.
- ^ "'The Miseducation Of Lauryn Hill': Stephanie Gayle". Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- ^ Pierznik, Christopher (November 28, 2017). "From 12 Copies Sold to 10 Million—The Evolution of The Fugees". Medium. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ "Southside Johnny | What's Up Magazine". www.whatsupmag.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ "Jon Bon Jovi Reflects On A Music Career That Surpassed His 'Wildest Dreams'". NPR.org. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ a b "Whitney Houston". Biography. Archived from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ^ "Story Behind the Song: 'Livin on a Prayer'". The Tennessean. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ "Dionne Warwick". Biography. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ "Count Basie". Biography. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ "Sinatra-Basie: An Historic Musical First—Frank Sinatra, Count Basie | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ Wright, Amy Nathan (2013). "Exploring the funkadelic aesthetic: Intertextuality and cosmic philosophizing in funkadelic's album covers and liner notes". American Studies. 52 (4): 146. doi:10.1353/ams.2013.0121. S2CID 170649948.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen at the Stone Pony: His most memorable performances". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ "Naughty by Nature returns to N.J. hometown to celebrate 25th anniversary". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
- ^ Hoffmann, Frank (November 12, 2004). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound. Routledge. ISBN 9781135949501.
- ^ Ginell, Richard S. "Bill Evans | Biography & History | AllMusic". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ Green, Brian. "Thursday Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
- ^ Green, Brian. "Misfits Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
- ^ DeLano, Sharon (March 4, 2002). "The Torch Singer". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
- ^ "'There's A Riot Going On': Jersey's Yo La Tengo Dropping New Album on March 16". NJ NEXT | Events in New Jersey. January 19, 2018. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ Rosen, Steve (September 9, 2015). "Behind the Curtain: Sharing Studio Time (and Beer) With Zakk Wylde". Rock Cellar Magazine. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ "The best places and things in New Jersey-www.njmonthly.com". New Jersey Monthly. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ Rockland, Kate (December 5, 2004). "The Band They All Ache To Become". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ "My Chemical Romance | American rock band". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- ^ "Being Gabe Saporta". PAPER. March 26, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Punknews.org. "The Gaslight Anthem". Punknews.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ Epstein, Dan (October 14, 2016). "Dillinger Escape Plan's 10 Craziest Shows". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ^ Montgomery, Paul (May 18, 2011). "The Secret Geography of the DC Universe: A Really Big Map" Archived August 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Amazing World of DC Comics No. 14, March 1974. DC Comics.
- ^ World's Finest Comics No. 259, October–November 1979. DC Comics.
- ^ Detective Comics #503 June 1983. DC Comics.
- ^ Atlas of the DC Universe, 1990. DC Comics.
- ^ Batman: Shadow of the Bat Annual #1, June 1993. DC Comics.
- ^ "Review: 'Suicide Squad'". Asbury Park Press. August 5, 2016.
- ^ ""Suicide Squad": The Biggest Revelations From The Latest DC Film". comicbookresources.com. August 7, 2016. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ a b Esteban (October 27, 2011). "11 Most Expensive Stadiums In The World". Total Pro Sports. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ^ "Check out the Flyers renovated & expanded South Jersey training facility". Philadelphia Business Journal. February 22, 2018. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- ^ New Meadowlands Stadium official website Archived October 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine New Meadowlands Stadium Corporation. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
- ^ Belson, Ken (April 8, 2010). "New Stadium, a Football Palace, Opens Saturday With Lacrosse". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
- ^ Bondy, Filip (July 28, 2011). "Manchester United's 4-0 Romp Over MLS All-Stars More Proof U.S. Pro Soccer Not Up to Snuff". Daily News. New York. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ "Liberty leaving Madison Square Garden, re-sign two free agents". New York Post. February 10, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- ^ Seltzer, Brian (September 23, 2016). "On the Beat: New Training Complex Brings Modern Feel, Promise". NBA.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
- ^ https://www.app.com/story/sports/college/2018/04/30/rutgers-seton-hall-basketball-garden-state-hardwood-classic/563768002/
- ^ "NJSIAA—New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association—NJSIAA". Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ^ New Jersey High School News and Sports Archived April 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. iHigh.com, Inc—The High School Internet Network. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
- ^ "New Jersey Advertising". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "The New Jersey Herald: Top Stories". Njherald.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "providing local news, sports & classifieds for Northern New Jersey!". NorthJersey.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Fort Lee Film Commission | Fort Lee, NJ". Fortleefilm.org. Archived from the original on April 20, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "NJ Motion Picture & Television Commission". Njfilm.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Wright, E. Assata (February 20, 2011). "Getting the film crews back to NJ Gov. to decide future of tax credit that benefited Hudson County". Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
- ^ Bergeron, Tom. "Every state is looking to take business from Georgia — here's why N.J. has legitimate chance to do so". ROI NJ. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- ^ a b "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
- ^ a b Bod Woodruff; Lana Zak & Stephanie Wash (November 20, 2012). "GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
- ^ Peter Samuel (April 11, 2006). "Garden State Parkway opens world's widest bridge—15 lanes". TOLLROADSnews. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ^ Patrick Mulvihill (January 5, 2016). "Self-serve gas legal in rural Oregon". Eagle Newspapers, Inc. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
- ^ "Supreme Court of New Jersey". Judiciary.state.nj.us. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Kent, Spencer. "How NJ's 21 counties got their names". NJ.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ^ "Small Towns in N.J. Told to Merge or Face Cuts". NPR. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "N.J. town mergers could start in 18 months" by Jan Hefler, The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 29, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2009 Archived June 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Poll says majority of Americans opposed to abortion funding in health care bill :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "SurveyUSA Pro-Life vs. Pro Choice Sorted by State". Surveyusa.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Poll: NJ voters support gay marriage". Abclocal.go.com. April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ Salvador Rizzo (October 18, 2013). "Same-sex weddings can begin pending appeal, N.J. Supreme Court rules". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ^ NRAILA.org Archived December 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ David Giambusso (October 20, 2013). "Booker and Menendez form historic duo as first black and Latino senators from the same state". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ "Your neighbors lean red or blue? How many Republicans and Democrats are in all 21 counties". Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
- ^ "New Jersey Department of State—Division of Elections". Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ^ Hester Jr., Tom (2007), "N.J. Bans Death Penalty" Archived September 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press
- ^ Peters, Jeremy W. "Corzine Signs Bill Ending Executions, Then Commutes Sentences of Eight".Archived July 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ National Park Service. "New Jersey—List View". Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
- ^ "Six Flags Great Adventure To Become The World's Largest Theme Park in 2013". 2012 njtoday.net—Everything New Jersey. All Rights Reserved. August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ^ KarlFabricius (September 20, 2010). "10 Highest Roller Coasters on Earth". 2011 EntertainmentDesigner.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ^ NJ.com, Allison Pries | NJ Advance Media for (September 3, 2020). "American Dream announces reopening date, but it's far away". nj. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- ^ NJ.com, Allison Pries | NJ Advance Media for (October 17, 2019). "Nickelodeon Universe opens next week at American Dream. Here's what it'll cost to go". nj. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
- ^ a b "The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey | Symbols". www.state.nj.us. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
- ^ "State of New Jersey—FAQs". State.nj.us. November 20, 2008. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey State Flag". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ "A.J. Meerwald—NJ's Official Tall Ship". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
- ^ "New Jersey State Shell". The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey. The State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
External links
Definitions from Wiktionary- Media from Wikimedia Commons
- News from Wikinews
- Quotations from Wikiquote
- Texts from Wikisource
- Textbooks from Wikibooks
- Travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Resources from Wikiversity
State government
- Official New Jersey state web site
- New Jersey State Databases—annotated list of searchable databases produced by New Jersey state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association
- Descriptions of NJ forms of government (township, borough, etc.) from State League of Municipalities
U.S. government
- Energy Data & Statistics for New Jersey
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of New Jersey
- US Census Bureau
- USDA New Jersey State Facts
Other
- New Jersey at Curlie
- The New Jersey Digital Highway, the statewide cultural heritage portal to digital collections from the state's archives, libraries and museums
- Geographic data related to New Jersey at OpenStreetMap
Geographic data related to New Jersey at OpenStreetMap| vte State of New Jersey | ||
|---|---|---|
Trenton (capital) | ||
| Topics |
|  Seal of New Jersey |
| Society |
| |
| Regions |
| |
| Counties |
| |
| Major cities and towns |
| |
| vte Thirteen Colonies | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
CategoryCoordinates: 40°11′27″N 74°40′22″W / 40.1907°N 74.6728°W / 40.1907; -74.6728 (State of New Jersey)