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La Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2010 fue la 19ª Copa Mundial de la FIFA , el campeonato mundial de equipos de fútbol de asociaciones nacionales masculinas. Se llevó a cabo en Sudáfrica del 11 de junio al 11 de julio de 2010. El proceso de licitación para albergar las finales del torneo estaba abierto solo a las naciones africanas. En 2004, la federación internacional de fútbol, FIFA , seleccionó a Sudáfrica sobre Egipto y Marruecos para convertirse en la primera nación africana en albergar la fase final. [6]

Los partidos se jugaron en 10 estadios en nueve ciudades anfitrionas de todo el país, [7] y la apertura y la final se jugaron en el estadio Soccer City en la ciudad más grande de Sudáfrica, Johannesburgo . [8] [9] Se seleccionaron treinta y dos equipos para la participación [10] a través de un torneo de clasificación en todo el mundo que comenzó en agosto de 2007. En la primera ronda de la final del torneo, los equipos compitieron en round-robin grupos de cuatro equipos para puntos , con los dos mejores equipos de cada grupo procediendo. Estos 16 equipos avanzaron a la fase eliminatoria, donde tres rondas de juego decidieron qué equipos participarían en la final .

En la final, España , campeona de Europa , derrotó a Holanda por tercera vez tras perder 1-0 después de la prórroga para ganar su primer título mundial. España se convirtió en la octava nación en ganar el torneo y la primera nación europea en ganar una Copa del Mundo organizada fuera de su continente de origen: todas las Copas del Mundo anteriores celebradas fuera de Europa habían sido ganadas por naciones sudamericanas. También es la única selección nacional desde 1978 en ganar una Copa del Mundo después de perder un partido en la fase de grupos. Como resultado de su victoria, España representó al mundo en la Copa FIFA Confederaciones 2013 . La nación anfitriona Sudáfrica y los dos finalistas de la Copa del Mundo de 2006 Italiay Francia fueron todos eliminados en la primera ronda del torneo. Era la primera vez que los anfitriones habían sido eliminados en la primera ronda. Nueva Zelanda , con sus tres empates, fue el único equipo invicto del torneo, pero también fue eliminado en la primera ronda.

Selección de anfitrión

África fue elegida como sede de la Copa del Mundo de 2010 como parte de una política de rotación de corta duración, abandonada en 2007, [11] para rotar el evento entre las confederaciones de fútbol. Cinco naciones africanas presentaron candidaturas para albergar la Copa del Mundo de 2010: Egipto, Marruecos, Sudáfrica y una candidatura conjunta de Libia y Túnez.

Tras la decisión del Comité Ejecutivo de la FIFA de no permitir torneos coanfitriones, Túnez se retiró del proceso de licitación. El comité también decidió no considerar la oferta individual de Libia, ya que ya no cumplía con todas las estipulaciones establecidas en la Lista oficial de requisitos .

La candidatura ganadora fue anunciada por el presidente de la FIFA, Sepp Blatter, en una conferencia de prensa el 15 de mayo de 2004 en Zürich ; en la primera ronda de votaciones, Sudáfrica recibió 14 votos, Marruecos obtuvo 10 votos y Egipto ningún voto. Sudáfrica, que por poco no había logrado ganar el derecho a albergar el evento de 2006 , se le otorgó el derecho a albergar el torneo. [12] Haciendo campaña para que Sudáfrica obtuviera el estatus de anfitrión, Nelson Mandela había hablado previamente de la importancia del fútbol en su vida, afirmando que mientras estaba encarcelado en la prisión de Robben Island , jugar al fútbol "nos hizo sentir vivos y triunfantes a pesar de la situación en la que nos encontrábamos. en". [13]Con Sudáfrica ganando su candidatura, un emocionado Mandela levantó el Trofeo de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA . [14]

Durante 2006 y 2007 circularon rumores en diversas fuentes noticiosas de que el Mundial de 2010 podría trasladarse a otro país. [15] [16] Franz Beckenbauer , Horst R. Schmidt y, según se informa, algunos ejecutivos de la FIFA expresaron su preocupación por la planificación, organización y ritmo de los preparativos de Sudáfrica. [15] [17] Los funcionarios de la FIFA expresaron repetidamente su confianza en Sudáfrica como anfitrión, afirmando que existía un plan de contingencia solo para cubrir catástrofes naturales, como había estado en vigor en Copas Mundiales de la FIFA anteriores. [18]

Soborno y corrupción

El 28 de mayo de 2015, los medios de comunicación que cubrían el caso de corrupción de la FIFA en 2015 informaron que funcionarios de alto rango del comité de candidaturas de Sudáfrica se habían asegurado el derecho a organizar la Copa del Mundo mediante el pago de 10 millones de dólares en sobornos al entonces vicepresidente de la FIFA, Jack Warner, y a otros miembros del Comité Ejecutivo de la FIFA. [19]

El 4 de junio de 2015, el ejecutivo de la FIFA, Chuck Blazer , después de haber cooperado con el FBI y las autoridades suizas, confirmó que él y los demás miembros del comité ejecutivo de la FIFA fueron sobornados para promover las candidaturas a la Copa del Mundo de 1998 y 2010 de Sudáfrica. Blazer declaró: "Yo y otros miembros del comité ejecutivo de la FIFA acordamos aceptar sobornos junto con la selección de Sudáfrica como país anfitrión de la Copa del Mundo de 2010". [20] [21]

El 6 de junio de 2015, The Daily Telegraph informó que Marruecos en realidad había ganado la votación, pero que Sudáfrica recibió el torneo en su lugar. [22]

Calificación

El sorteo de clasificación para la Copa del Mundo de 2010 se celebró en Durban el 25 de noviembre de 2007. Como país anfitrión, Sudáfrica se clasificó automáticamente para el torneo. Como sucedió en el torneo anterior , a los campeones defensores no se les dio un lugar automático, e Italia tuvo que participar en la clasificación. Con un grupo de participantes que comprendía 204 de los 208 equipos nacionales de la FIFA en ese momento, la Copa del Mundo de 2010 comparte con los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 2008 el récord de la mayoría de las naciones que compiten en un evento deportivo.

Algunas controversias surgieron durante las calificaciones. En el partido de vuelta del play-off entre Francia y la República de Irlanda , el capitán francés Thierry Henry , sin que el árbitro lo viera, manejó el balón en el previo a un gol tardío, que permitió a Francia clasificarse por delante de Irlanda, lo que provocó un generalizado comentar y debatir. La FIFA rechazó una solicitud de la Asociación de Fútbol de Irlanda para volver a jugar el partido, [23] e Irlanda luego retiró una solicitud para ser incluido como un participante sin precedentes en la 33ª Copa del Mundo. [24] [25]Como resultado, la FIFA anunció una revisión sobre el uso de la tecnología o de oficiales adicionales al más alto nivel, pero decidió en contra de la tan esperada aceleración de los asistentes de árbitros en la línea de gol para el torneo sudafricano. [26]

Aficionados viendo la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2010 en Sudáfrica, con vuvuzelas .

Costa Rica se quejó del gol de la victoria de Uruguay en el desempate de la CONMEBOL-CONCACAF , [27] mientras que los partidos de Egipto y Argelia en noviembre de 2009 estuvieron rodeados de informes de problemas de público. Sobre el tema del juego limpio, el presidente de la FIFA, Sepp Blatter, dijo:

Hago un llamamiento a todos los jugadores y entrenadores para que observen este juego limpio. En 2010 queremos demostrar que el fútbol es más que patear un balón, tiene un valor social y cultural ... Por eso les pedimos a los jugadores que "respeten el juego limpio" para que sean un ejemplo para el resto del mundo. [28]

Eslovaquia estaba haciendo su primera aparición como nación independiente, pero anteriormente había estado representada como parte del equipo de Checoslovaquia que había jugado por última vez en el torneo de 1990; Corea del Norte se clasificó por primera vez desde 1966; Honduras y Nueva Zelanda estaban haciendo sus primeras apariciones desde 1982; y Argelia estuvieron en la fase final por primera vez desde la competición de 1986. Serbia también hizo su primera aparición como nación independiente, habiendo estado previamente presente como Reino de Yugoslavia en 1930, como SFR Yugoslavia de 1950 a 1990, como FR Yugoslavia en 1998 y como Serbia y Montenegro en 2006.

Los equipos que no se clasificaron para este torneo fueron Arabia Saudita , que se había clasificado para los cuatro torneos anteriores; Túnez y Croacia , ambos clasificados para las tres finales anteriores; Costa Rica , Ecuador , Polonia y Suecia , que se habían clasificado para las dos ediciones anteriores; Ucrania cuartofinalistas de 2006 y semifinalistas de la Eurocopa 2008 Rusia y Turquía . El equipo mejor clasificado que no se clasificó fue Croacia (décimo puesto), mientras que el equipo peor clasificado que se clasificó fue Corea del Norte (puesto 105º).

A partir de 2018 , esta fue la última vez que Sudáfrica, Nueva Zelanda, Corea del Norte, Paraguay, Eslovaquia y Eslovenia se clasificaron para una final de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA, y la última vez que Costa Rica, Colombia, Irán, Bélgica, Croacia y Rusia no se clasificaron. .

Lista de equipos calificados

Los siguientes 32 equipos, mostrados con clasificaciones finales previas al torneo, [29] se clasificaron para el torneo final.

Preparativos

Se construyeron cinco nuevos estadios para el torneo y se mejoraron cinco de las sedes existentes. Se esperaba que los costos de construcción fueran de R 8,4 mil millones (algo más de US $ 1 mil millones o € 950 millones). [30]

Sudáfrica también mejoró su infraestructura de transporte público dentro de las ciudades anfitrionas, incluido Gautrain de Johannesburgo y otros sistemas de metro, y se mejoraron las principales redes de carreteras. [31] En marzo de 2009, Danny Jordaan , presidente del comité organizador de la Copa del Mundo de 2010, informó que todos los estadios del torneo estaban programados para completarse en seis meses. [32]

El país implementó medidas especiales para garantizar la seguridad de los espectadores de acuerdo con los requisitos estándar de la FIFA, [33] incluida una restricción temporal de las operaciones de vuelo en el espacio aéreo que rodea los estadios. [34]

En una ceremonia para conmemorar los 100 días antes del evento, el presidente de la FIFA, Sepp Blatter, elogió la disposición del país para el evento. [35]

Huelga de construcción

El 8 de julio de 2009, 70.000 trabajadores de la construcción [36] que estaban trabajando en los nuevos estadios abandonaron sus puestos de trabajo. [37] La mayoría de los trabajadores reciben R 2500 por mes (alrededor de £ 192, € 224 o US $ 313), pero los sindicatos alegaron que algunos trabajadores estaban muy mal pagados. Un portavoz del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores Mineros dijo a la SABC que la huelga de "no trabajo no paga" continuará hasta que la FIFA imponga sanciones a los organizadores. Otros sindicatos amenazaron con hacer huelga en 2011. [38] [39]La huelga se resolvió rápidamente y los trabajadores volvieron al trabajo una semana después de que comenzara. No hubo más huelgas y todos los estadios y proyectos de construcción se completaron a tiempo para el inicio. [40]

Dinero del premio

La FIFA confirmó que el premio total en metálico que se ofrece para el torneo es de 420 millones de dólares (incluidos los pagos de 40 millones de dólares a clubes nacionales), un aumento del 60 por ciento con respecto al torneo de 2006. [41] Antes del torneo, cada uno de los 32 participantes recibió US $ 1 millón para los costos de preparación. Una vez en el torneo, el dinero del premio se distribuyó de la siguiente manera: [41]

  • US $ 8 millones - Por cada equipo eliminado en la fase de grupos (16 equipos) ($ 9.38 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 9 millones - Por cada equipo eliminado en los octavos de final (8 equipos) ($ 10,55 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 14 millones - Por cada equipo eliminado en los cuartos de final (4 equipos) ($ 16,41 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 18 millones - Equipo cuarto clasificado ($ 21,1 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 20 millones - Equipo en tercer lugar ($ 23,45 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 24 millones - Segundo lugar ($ 28,14 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )
  • US $ 30 millones - Ganador ($ 35,17 millones en 2021 dólares estadounidenses [42] )

Por primera vez en la Copa del Mundo, la FIFA realizó pagos a los clubes nacionales de los jugadores que representan a sus selecciones nacionales en el torneo. Esto vio un total de 40 millones de dólares pagados a clubes nacionales. Este fue el resultado de un acuerdo alcanzado en 2008 entre la FIFA y los clubes europeos para disolver el grupo G-14 y retirar sus reclamos de compensación que se remontan a 2005 por el costo financiero de las lesiones sufridas por sus jugadores mientras estaban en servicio internacional, como por ejemplo: del club belga Charleroi SC por la lesión del marroquí Abdelmajid Oulmers en un amistoso en 2004, y del club inglés Newcastle United por una lesión del inglés Michael Owen en el Mundial de 2006 .[43] [44] [45]

Sedes

En 2005, los organizadores publicaron una lista provisional de 13 sedes que se utilizarán para la Copa del Mundo: Bloemfontein , Ciudad del Cabo , Durban , Johannesburgo (dos sedes), Kimberley , Klerksdorp , Nelspruit , Orkney , Polokwane , Port Elizabeth , Pretoria y Rustenburg. . Esto se redujo a las diez sedes [46] que fueron anunciadas oficialmente por la FIFA el 17 de marzo de 2006.

La altitud de varias sedes afectó el movimiento del balón [47] y el rendimiento de los jugadores, [48] [49] aunque el jefe médico de la FIFA restó importancia a esta consideración. [50] Seis de los diez lugares estaban a más de 1200 m sobre el nivel del mar, y los dos lugares de Johannesburgo, el estadio FNB (también conocido como Soccer City) y el estadio Ellis Park, eran los más altos con aproximadamente 1750 m. [51] [52]

El estadio FNB, el estadio de Ciudad del Cabo y el estadio Nelson Mandela Bay en Port Elizabeth fueron los lugares más utilizados, cada uno con ocho partidos. El Ellis Park Stadium y el Moses Mabhida Stadium en Durban albergaron siete partidos cada uno, mientras que el Loftus Versfeld Stadium en Pretoria, el Free State Stadium en Bloemfontein y el Royal Bafokeng Stadium en Rustenburg albergaron seis partidos cada uno. El estadio Peter Mokaba en Polokwane y el estadio Mbombela en Nelspruit albergaron cuatro partidos cada uno, pero no albergaron ningún partido de la fase eliminatoria.

Los siguientes estadios se actualizaron para cumplir con las especificaciones de la FIFA:

Campamentos base del equipo

Los campamentos base son utilizados por 32 escuadrones nacionales para quedarse y entrenar antes y durante el torneo de la Copa del Mundo. En febrero de 2010, la FIFA anunció los campamentos base para cada equipo participante. [58] Quince equipos estaban en la provincia de Gauteng , mientras que seis equipos tenían su base en KwaZulu-Natal , cuatro en el Cabo Occidental , tres en la Provincia Noroeste y uno en Mpumalanga , Cabo Oriental y Cabo Norte . [59]

Sorteo final

La comisión organizadora de la FIFA aprobó el procedimiento para el sorteo final el 2 de diciembre de 2009. La clasificación se basó en la Clasificación Mundial de la FIFA de octubre de 2009 y siete equipos se unieron a la anfitriona Sudáfrica como cabezas de serie para el sorteo final. No se seleccionarían dos equipos de la misma confederación en el mismo grupo, salvo que se permitiera un máximo de dos equipos europeos en un grupo. [60]

El sorteo grupal se llevó a cabo en Ciudad del Cabo , Sudáfrica, el 4 de diciembre de 2009 en el Centro Internacional de Convenciones de Ciudad del Cabo . [61] La ceremonia fue presentada por la actriz sudafricana Charlize Theron , asistida por el Secretario General de la FIFA, Jérôme Valcke . [62] Los balones fueron dibujados por la estrella del fútbol inglés David Beckham y los deportistas africanos Haile Gebrselassie , John Smit , Makhaya Ntini , Matthew Booth y Simphiwe Dludlu. [63]

Ceremonia de apertura

Árbitros

El Comité de Árbitros de la FIFA seleccionó a 29 árbitros a través de su Programa de Asistencia al Arbitraje para oficiar en la Copa del Mundo: cuatro de la AFC , tres de la CAF , seis de la CONMEBOL , cuatro de la CONCACAF , dos de la OFC y diez de la UEFA . [64] El árbitro inglés Howard Webb fue elegido para arbitrar la final, lo que lo convirtió en la primera persona en arbitrar tanto la final de la UEFA Champions League como la final de la Copa del Mundo en el mismo año. [sesenta y cinco]

Escuadrones

Las selecciones de Brasil y Corea del Norte antes de su partido de la fase de grupos

Al igual que en el torneo de 2006 , la plantilla de cada equipo para la Copa del Mundo de 2010 estaba formada por 23 jugadores. Cada asociación nacional participante tenía que confirmar su definitiva de 23 jugadores escuadra del 1 de junio de 2010. Los equipos se les permitió hacer reemplazos tardíos en el caso de lesión grave, en cualquier momento hasta 24 horas antes de su primer partido. [66]

De los 736 jugadores que participaron en el torneo, más de la mitad jugó el fútbol de su club en cinco ligas nacionales europeas; los de Inglaterra (117 jugadores), Alemania (84), Italia (80), España (59) y Francia (46). [67] Los equipos ingleses, alemanes e italianos estaban formados por jugadores totalmente locales, mientras que sólo Nigeria no tenía jugadores de clubes de su propia liga. En total, entraron al torneo jugadores de 52 ligas nacionales. El FC Barcelona de España fue el club que aportó más jugadores al torneo, con 13 jugadores de su equipo viajando, 7 con la selección española, mientras que otros 7 clubes contribuyeron con 10 jugadores o más.

En otra primicia para Sudáfrica 2010, un equipo incluyó a tres hermanos. Jerry , Johnny y Wilson Palacios hicieron historia gracias a su inclusión en la lista de 23 hombres de Honduras. [68] Inusualmente, el partido entre Alemania y Ghana tuvo dos hermanos jugando para naciones opuestas, con Jérôme Boateng y Kevin-Prince Boateng jugando respectivamente.

Resumen del partido

Los 32 equipos nacionales que participaron en el torneo jugaron juntos un total de 64 partidos comenzando desde los partidos de la fase de grupos y pasando a los partidos de la fase eliminatoria, con equipos eliminados a través de las distintas etapas progresivas. Los días de descanso se asignaron durante las distintas etapas para permitir la recuperación de los jugadores durante el torneo. También se llevaron a cabo eventos preliminares en celebración del evento de la Copa del Mundo. [69] Todas las horas enumeradas en la siguiente tabla están en hora estándar de Sudáfrica ( UTC + 02 ).

Fase de grupos

El calendario de partidos del torneo se anunció en noviembre de 2007. [73] [74] En la primera ronda, o fase de grupos, los 32 equipos se dividieron en ocho grupos de cuatro, con cada equipo jugando contra los otros tres equipos de su grupo una vez. Los equipos recibieron tres puntos por victoria, un punto por empate y ninguno por derrota. Los dos mejores equipos de cada grupo avanzaron a los octavos de final.

Los equipos sudamericanos tuvieron un desempeño fuerte, con los cinco avanzando a los octavos de final (cuatro como ganadores de grupo), y cuatro más avanzando a los cuartos de final. Sin embargo, solo Uruguay avanzó a las semifinales.

De los seis equipos africanos, solo Ghana avanzó a octavos de final. Sudáfrica se convirtió en la primera nación anfitriona en la historia de la Copa del Mundo en ser eliminada en la primera ronda, a pesar de vencer a Francia y empatar con México, mientras que Ghana y Costa de Marfil fueron los únicos otros equipos africanos para ganar un partido. El desempeño general de los equipos africanos, en la primera Copa del Mundo que se celebrará en el continente, fue juzgado como decepcionante por observadores como el gran Roger Milla de Camerún . [75]

Solo seis de los trece equipos de la UEFA avanzaron a los octavos de final, un mínimo histórico desde la introducción de esta etapa en 1986. No obstante, la final fue disputada por dos equipos europeos. [68] En otra Copa del Mundo, los dos finalistas del torneo anterior, Italia y Francia, fueron eliminados en la fase de grupos, y Italia se convirtió en el tercer campeón defensor en ser eliminado en la primera ronda después de Brasil en 1966 y Francia en 2002. . [76] Nueva Zelanda, uno de los equipos de más bajo rango, sorprendió a muchos al dibujo sus tres partidos de grupo, terminando el torneo como el único equipo invicto.

Criterios de desempate

Los equipos se clasificaron según los siguientes criterios: [77]

1. Mayor número de puntos en todos los partidos de grupo
2. Diferencia de goles en todos los partidos del grupo
3. Mayor número de goles marcados en todos los partidos del grupo
4. Mayor número de puntos en partidos entre equipos empatados
5. Diferencia de goles en partidos entre equipos empatados
6. Mayor número de goles marcados en partidos entre equipos empatados
7. Sorteo de la comisión organizadora de la FIFA

Grupo A

Fuente: Reglas de la FIFA
para la clasificación: Criterios de desempate
(H) Anfitrión.

Grupo B

Fuente: Reglas de la FIFA
para la clasificación: Criterios de desempate

Group C


Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Group D

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Group E

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Group F

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Group G

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Group H

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tie-breaking criteria

Knockout stage

All times listed are South African Standard Time (UTC+02)

The knockout stage comprised the 16 teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were the round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, and the final. There was also a play-off to decide third and fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by thirty minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shootout to determine who progressed to the next round.[78]

Round of 16

In this round, each group winner (A-H) was paired against the runner-up from another group.

  • South American teams again performed strongly in the round of 16, with four teams advancing to the quarter-finals including Brazil who defeated fellow South Americans Chile.
  • England's 4–1 loss to Germany was their biggest ever margin of defeat at a World Cup finals.[79][80] It was also the first time that a World Cup finals match between these two traditional rivals had a decisive result in regulation time, their three previous meetings all being tied at 90 minutes, with two settled in extra time and one in a penalty shootout.
  • Ghana defeated the United States to become the third African team to reach the last eight (after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002), and the only African team to have achieved both a top 8 finish and a separate top 16 finish (in 2006).
  • Paraguay and Ghana reached the quarter-finals for the first time.

The round was marked by some controversial referees' decisions, including:

  • A disallowed goal by England in their 4–1 loss against Germany, where the shot by Frank Lampard was seen to cross substantially over the goal line when shown on television broadcast replays.
  • An allowed goal by Argentina in their 3–1 win over Mexico, where Argentine striker Carlos Tevez was seen to be offside when shown on television broadcast replays, which were shown inside the stadium shortly after the incident.

FIFA President Sepp Blatter took the unusual step of apologising to England and Mexico for the decisions that went against them, saying: "Yesterday I spoke to the two federations directly concerned by referees' mistakes [...] I apologised to England and Mexico. The English said thank you and accepted that you can win some and you lose some and the Mexicans bowed their head and accepted it."[81] Blatter also promised to re-open the discussion regarding devices which monitor possible goals and make that information immediately available to match officials, saying: "We will naturally take on board the discussion on technology and have the first opportunity in July at the business meeting."[81] Blatter's call came less than four months after FIFA general secretary Jérôme Valcke said the door was closed on goal-line technology and video replays after a vote by the IFAB.[81]

Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth
Attendance: 30,597
Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Germany)

Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg
Attendance: 34,976
Referee: Viktor Kassai (Hungary)

Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein
Attendance: 40,510
Referee: Jorge Larrionda (Uruguay)

Soccer City, Johannesburg
Attendance: 84,377
Referee: Roberto Rosetti (Italy)

Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban
Attendance: 61,962
Referee: Alberto Undiano Mallenco (Spain)

Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg
Attendance: 54,096
Referee: Howard Webb (England)

Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Pretoria
Attendance: 36,742
Referee: Frank De Bleeckere (Belgium)

Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town
Attendance: 62,955
Referee: Héctor Baldassi (Argentina)

Quarter-finals

The three quarter-finals between European and South American teams all resulted in wins for Europeans. Germany had a 4–0 victory over Argentina, and the Netherlands came from behind to beat Brazil 2–1, handing the Brazilians their first loss in a World Cup match held outside Europe (other than in a penalty shootout) since 1950 when Uruguay won the decisive match 2–1.[82] Spain reached the final four for the first time since 1950 after a 1–0 win over Paraguay. Uruguay, the only South American team to reach the semi-finals, overcame Ghana in a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw in which Ghana missed a penalty at the end of extra time after Luis Suárez controversially handled the ball on the line.

Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth
Attendance: 40,186
Referee: Yuichi Nishimura (Japan)

Soccer City, Johannesburg
Attendance: 84,017
Referee: Olegário Benquerença (Portugal)

Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town
Attendance: 64,100
Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan)

Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg
Attendance: 55,359
Referee: Carlos Batres (Guatemala)

Semi-finals

The Netherlands qualified for the final for the third time with a 3–2 win over Uruguay. Spain reached their first ever final with a 1–0 victory over Germany. As a result, it was the first World Cup final not to feature at least one of Brazil, Italy, Germany or Argentina.

Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town
Attendance: 62,479
Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan)

Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban
Attendance: 60,960
Referee: Viktor Kassai (Hungary)

Third place play-off

Germany defeated Uruguay 3–2 to secure third place. Germany holds the record for most third-place finishes in the World Cup (4), while Uruguay holds the record for most fourth-place finishes (3).

Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth
Attendance: 36,254
Referee: Benito Archundia (Mexico)[83]

Final

The final was held on 11 July 2010 at Soccer City, Johannesburg. Spain defeated the Netherlands 1–0, with an extra time goal from Andrés Iniesta. Iniesta scored the latest winning goal in a FIFA World Cup final (116').[84] The win gave Spain their first World Cup title, becoming the eighth team to win it. This made them the first new winner without home advantage since Brazil in 1958,[85] and the first team to win the tournament after having lost their opening game.[68]

A large number of fouls were committed in the final match. Referee Howard Webb handed out 14 yellow cards, more than doubling the previous record for this fixture, set when Argentina and West Germany shared six cards in 1986,[68] and John Heitinga of the Netherlands was sent off for receiving a second yellow card. The Netherlands had chances to score, most notably in the 60th minute when Arjen Robben was released by Wesley Sneijder to be one-on-one with Spain's goalkeeper Iker Casillas, only for Casillas to save the shot with an outstretched leg. For Spain, Sergio Ramos missed a free header from a corner kick when he was unmarked.[86] Iniesta finally broke the deadlock in extra time, scoring a volleyed shot from a pass by Cesc Fàbregas.[87]

This result marked the first time that two teams from the same continent had won successive World Cups (following Italy in 2006), and saw Europe reaching 10 World Cup titles, surpassing South America's nine titles. Spain became the first team since West Germany in 1974 to win the World Cup as European champions. The result also marked the first time that a European nation had won a World Cup Finals that was not hosted on European soil.

A closing ceremony was held before the final, featuring singer Shakira. Afterwards, the former South African President Nelson Mandela made a brief appearance on the pitch, wheeled in by a motorcart.[72][88]

Soccer City, Johannesburg
Attendance: 84,490
Referee: Howard Webb (England)[83]

Statistics

Goalscorers

South African winger Siphiwe Tshabalala was the first player to score a goal in the competition, in their 1–1 draw against Mexico, the opening game of the tournament. Danish defender Daniel Agger was credited with the first own goal of the tournament, in his side's 2–0 loss to the Netherlands. Argentine striker Gonzalo Higuaín was the only player to score a hat-trick in the tournament, in Argentina's 4–1 win over South Korea.[89] It was the 49th World Cup hat-trick in the history of the tournament.

Spain set a new record for the fewest goals scored by a World Cup-winning team, with eight.[86] The previous record low was 11, set by Brazil in 1994, England in 1966,[86] and Italy in 1938.[90] Spain had the fewest goalscorers for a champion as well (three – Villa with five goals, Iniesta with two and Puyol with one).[68] They also had the fewest goals conceded for a champion (2), equal with Italy (2006) and France (1998). Spain's victory marked the first time that a team won the World Cup without conceding a goal in the knockout stage.[84]

The four top scorers in the tournament had five goals each. All of the four top scorers also came from the teams that finished in the top four, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, and Uruguay. The Golden Boot went to Thomas Müller of Germany who had three assists, compared to one for the three others. The Silver Boot went to David Villa of Spain, who played a total of 635 minutes, and the Bronze Boot to Wesley Sneijder of the Netherlands, who played 652 minutes. Diego Forlán of Uruguay had five goals and one assist in 654 minutes. A further three players scored four goals.[91]

Only 145 goals were scored at South Africa 2010, the lowest of any FIFA World Cup since the tournament switched to a 64-game format. This continued a downward trend since the first 64-game finals were held 12 years earlier, with 171 goals at France 1998, 161 at Korea/Japan 2002 and 147 at Germany 2006.[68]

Discipline

28 players were suspended after being shown two consecutive yellow cards (13 players), a single red card (8 players), or a yellow card followed by a red card (7 players).

Final standings

Shortly after the final, FIFA issued a final ranking of every team in the tournament. The ranking was based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. All 32 teams are ranked based on criteria which have been used by FIFA. The final ranking was as follows:[92]

Awards

Main awards

  • Golden Ball: Diego Forlán (Uruguay)[2]
  • Golden Boot: Thomas Müller (Germany)[93]
  • Golden Glove: Iker Casillas (Spain)[4]
  • Best Young Player: Thomas Müller (Germany)[3]
  • FIFA Fair Play Trophy:  Spain[5]

All-Star Team

FIFA released an All-Star Team based on the Castrol performance index in its official website.[94]

Dream Team

For the first time, FIFA published a Dream Team decided by an online public vote. People were invited to select a team (in a 4–4–2 formation) and best coach; voting was open until 23:59 on 11 July 2010,[95] with entrants going into a draw to win a prize.

Six of the eleven players came from the Spanish team, as did the coach. The remainder of the team comprised two players from Germany, and one each from Brazil, the Netherlands and Uruguay.[96][97]

Marketing

A Spain shirt from 2014, autographed by members of the 2010 World Cup-winning squad, on display in Madrid

Mascot

The official mascot for the 2010 World Cup was Zakumi, an anthropomorphised African leopard with green hair, presented on 22 September 2008. His name came from "ZA" (the international abbreviation for South Africa) and the term kumi, which means "ten" in various African languages.[98] The mascot's colours reflected those of the host nation's playing strip – yellow and green.

Official song

The official song of the 2010 World Cup "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", was performed by the Colombian singer Shakira and the band Freshlyground from South Africa, and is sung in both English and Spanish.[99] The song is based on a traditional African soldiers' song, "Zangalewa".[100] Shakira and Freshlyground performed the song at the pre-tournament concert in Soweto on 10 June. It was also sung at the opening ceremony on 11 June and at the closing ceremony on 11 July. The official anthem of the 2010 World Cup was "Sign of a Victory" by R. Kelly with the Soweto Spiritual Singers, which was also performed at the opening ceremony.

Match ball

The match ball for the 2010 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas, was named the Jabulani, which means "bringing joy to everyone" in Zulu. It was the eleventh World Cup match ball made by the German sports equipment maker; it featured eleven colours, representing each player of a team on the pitch and the eleven official languages of South Africa.[101][102] A special match ball with gold panels, called the Jo'bulani, was used at the final in Johannesburg.

The ball was constructed using a new design, consisting of eight thermally bonded, three-dimensional panels. These were spherically moulded from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The surface of the ball was textured with grooves, a technology developed by Adidas called GripnGroove[103] that was intended to improve the ball's aerodynamics. The design received considerable academic input, being developed in partnership with researchers from Loughborough University, United Kingdom.[104] The balls were made in China, using latex bladders made in India, thermoplastic polyurethane-elastomer from Taiwan, ethylene vinyl acetate, isotropic polyester/cotton fabric, and glue and ink from China.[105]

Some football stars complained about the new ball, arguing that its movements were difficult to predict.[106] Brazilian goalkeeper Júlio César compared it to a "supermarket" ball that favored strikers and worked against goalkeepers.[107] Argentinian coach Diego Maradona said: "We won't see any long passes in this World Cup because the ball doesn't fly straight."[108] However, a number of Adidas-sponsored[109][110][111] players responded favourably to the ball.

Vuvuzelas

A man sounding a vuvuzela

The 2010 finals amplified international public awareness of the vuvuzela, a long horn blown by fans throughout matches.[112][113][114][115] Many World Cup competitors complained about the noise caused by the vuvuzela horns, including France's Patrice Evra, who blamed the horns for the team's poor performance.[116] Other critics include Lionel Messi, who complained that the sound of the vuvuzelas hampered communication among players on the pitch,[117] and broadcasting companies, which complained that commentators' voices were drowned out by the sound.[118]

Others watching on television complained that the ambient audio feed from the stadium contained only the sounds of the vuvuzelas with the usual sounds of people in the stands drowned out.[119][120] A spokesperson for ESPN and other networks said that they were taking steps to minimise the ambient noise on their broadcasts.[121] The BBC also investigated the possibility of offering broadcasts without vuvuzela noise.[122]

Sponsorship

The sponsors of the 2010 World Cup are divided into three categories: FIFA Partners, FIFA World Cup Sponsors and National Supporters.[123][124][125][126]

Event effects

A FIFA World Cup Trophy Tour aeroplane, sponsored by Coca-Cola. (2010)

Social

Tournament organiser Danny Jordaan dismissed concerns that the attack on the Togo national team which took place in Angola in January 2010, had any relevance to the security arrangements for the World Cup.[153] There were also reports of thefts against visitors to the country for the World Cup. Tourists from China, Portugal, Spain, South Korea, Japan and Colombia had become victims of crime.[154] On 19 June after the match between England and Algeria, a fan was able to break through the FIFA-appointed security staff at Green Point stadium and gain access to the England team dressing room. The breach took place shortly after Prince William and Prince Harry had left the room. The trespasser was then released before he could be handed over to the Police. English FA lodged a formal complaint with FIFA and demanded that security be increased.[155]

Resettlement and eviction

Police patrol Blikkiesdorp, a settlement for the evicted.

As with many 'hallmark events' throughout the world,[156] the 2010 FIFA World Cup has been connected to evictions,[157][158][159][160][161] which many claim are meant to 'beautify the city', impress visiting tourists, and hide shackdwellers. On 14 May 2009, the Durban-based shack-dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo took the KwaZulu-Natal government to court over their controversial Elimination and Prevention of Re-Emergence of Slums Act, meant to eliminate slums in South Africa and put homeless shackdwellers in transit camps in time for the 2010 World Cup.[162][163]

Another prominent controversy surrounding preparations for the World Cup was the N2 Gateway housing project in Cape Town, which planned to remove over 20,000 residents from the Joe Slovo Informal Settlement along the busy N2 Freeway and build rental flats and bond-houses in its place in time for the 2010 World Cup.[164] NGOs, international human rights organisations, and the Anti-Eviction Campaign have publicly criticised the conditions in Blikkiesdorp and said that the camp has been used to accommodate poor families evicted to make way for the 2010 World Cup.[161][165][166][167]

However some have argued that evictions are ordinarily common in South Africa and that in the lead up to the tournament many evictions were erroneously ascribed to the World Cup.[168]

Economy

Some groups experienced complications in regards to scheduled sporting events, advertising, or broadcasting, as FIFA attempted to maximise control of media rights during the Cup. Affected parties included an international rugby union Test match, a South African airline, and some TV networks, all of whom were involved in various legal struggles with World Cup organisers.[169][170][171]

During the tournament, group ticket-holders who did not utilise all their allotted tickets led to some early-round matches having as many as 11,000 unoccupied seats.[172]

While the event did help to boost the image of South Africa, financially it turned out to be a major disappointment.[173] Construction costs for venues and infrastructure amounted to £3 billion (€3.6 billion), and the government expected that increased tourism would help to offset these costs to the amount of £570 million (€680 million). However, only £323 million (€385 million) were actually taken in as 309,000 foreign fans came to South Africa, well below the expected number of 450,000.[173]

Local vendors were prohibited from selling food and merchandise within a 1.5 kilometre radius of any stadium hosting a World Cup match. For a vendor to operate within the radius, a registration fee of R60,000 (approximately to US$7,888 or €6,200), had to be paid to FIFA. This fee was out of most local vendors' reach, as they are simple one-man-operated vendors. This prevented international visitors from experiencing local South African food. Some local vendors felt cheated out of an opportunity for financial gain and spreading South African culture, in favour of multinational corporations.[174]

FIFA president Sepp Blatter declared the event "a huge financial success for everybody, for Africa, for South Africa and for FIFA," with revenue to FIFA of £2.24 billion (€2 billion).[175]

Quality

In a December 2010 Quality Progress, FIFA President Blatter rated South Africa's organisational efforts a nine out of 10 scale, declaring that South Africa could be considered a plan B for all future competitions. The South African Quality Institute (SAQI) assisted in facility construction, event promotion, and organisations. The main issue listed in the article was lack of sufficient public transportation.[176]

Media

Broadcasting

Production set of the FIFA international broadcast centre during the event

The 2010 FIFA World Cup was expected to be the most-watched television event in history.[177] Hundreds of broadcasters, representing about 70 countries, transmitted the Cup to a TV audience that FIFA officials expect to exceed a cumulative 26 billion people, an average of approximately 400 million viewers per match. FIFA estimated that around 700 million viewers would watch the World Cup final.[178]

New forms of digital media have also allowed viewers to watch coverage through alternative means. "With games airing live on cell phones and computers, the World Cup will get more online coverage than any major sporting event yet," said Jake Coyle of the Associated Press.[179]

In the United States, ABC, ESPN and ESPN2 averaged a 2.1 rating, 2,288,000 households and 3,261,000 viewers for the 64 World Cup games. The rating was up 31 percent from a 1.6 in 2006, while households increased 32 percent from 1,735,000 and viewers rose from 2,316,000. The increases had been higher while the US remained in the tournament. Through the first 50 games, the rating was up 48 percent, households increased 54 percent and viewers rose 60 percent. Univision averaged 2,624,000 viewers for the tournament, up 17 percent, and 1,625,000 households, an increase of 11 percent.[180] An executive of the Nielsen Company, a leading audience research firm in the US, described the aggregate numbers for both networks' coverage of the match between the United States and Ghana as "phenomenal".[181] Live World Cup streaming on ESPN3.com pulled in some of the largest audiences in history, as 7.4 million unique viewers tuned in for matches. In total, ESPN3.com generated 942 million minutes of viewing or more than two hours per unique viewer. All 64 live matches were viewed by an average of 114,000 persons per minute. Most impressive were the numbers for the semi-final between Spain and Germany, which was viewed by 355,000 people per minute, making it ESPN3.com's largest average audience ever.[182]

Filming

Sony technology was used to film the tournament. 25 of the matches were captured using 3D cameras.[183] Footage was captured in 3D through Sony's proprietary multi-image MPE-200 processors, housed in specially designed 3D outside broadcast trucks.[184] It supplied its flagship HDC-1500 cameras as well as its new HDC-P1 unit, a compact, point-of-view (POV)-type camera with 3, 2/3-inch CCD sensors.[185] The 3D games were produced for FIFA by Host Broadcast Services.[186]

Video games

In PlayStation Home, Sony has released a virtual space based on the 2010 FIFA World Cup in the Japanese version of Home on 3 December 2009. This virtual space is called the "FevaArena" and is a virtual stadium of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, featuring different areas for events, a FIFA mini-game, and a shop with FIFA related content.[187]

On 27 April 2010, EA Sports released the official 2010 World Cup video game.[188]

FIFA Fan Fest

FIFA expanded the FIFA Fan Fest, hosting in Sydney, Buenos Aires, Berlin, Paris, Rome, Rio de Janeiro and Mexico City, as well as several venues around South Africa.[189] The Durban Fan Fest was the most popular in South Africa during the tournament followed by the Cape Town Fan Fest.[190]

See also

  • July 2010 Kampala attacks, a series of terrorist bombings in Kampala, Uganda, timed to coincide with the final match
  • Listen Up! The Official 2010 FIFA World Cup Album
  • Paul the Octopus and Mani the parakeet, animals who predicted results of the matches

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External links

  • 2010 FIFA World Cup Official Site (Archived)
  • 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa ™, FIFA.com
  • The official 2010 host country website
  • Official Technical Report
  • RSSSF Archive of finals