 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
538 miembros del Colegio Electoral 270 votos electorales necesarios para ganar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Las encuestas de opinión | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apagar | 66,7%  (preliminar) [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  Mapa de resultados de las elecciones presidenciales. El azul indica los estados ganados por Biden / Harris, y el rojo indica los ganados por Trump / Pence. Los números indican los votos electorales emitidos por cada estado y el Distrito de Columbia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg)
 Elecciones presidenciales estadounidenses de 2020 | |
|---|---|
| |
| partido Democrático | |
| |
| partido Republicano | |
| |
| Terceros | |
| |
| Carreras relacionadas | |
| |
| |
La elección presidencial de los Estados Unidos de 2020 fue la 59ª elección presidencial cuadrienal , celebrada el martes 3 de noviembre de 2020. [a] La candidatura del Partido Demócrata del ex vicepresidente Joe Biden y la actual senadora de los Estados Unidos por California Kamala Harris derrotó a la candidatura del Partido Republicano del titular el presidente Donald Trump y el vicepresidente Mike Pence . [6] Trump se convirtió en el primer presidente de Estados Unidos desde George HW Bush en 1992y el undécimo presidente en ejercicio en la historia del país en perder una candidatura para un segundo mandato. El 51,3% del voto popular de Biden fue también el mayor porcentaje del voto popular ganado por cualquier rival a un presidente en ejercicio desde 1932 . [7] [8] [9] La elección vio la mayor participación de votantes desde 1900 , [10] con cada una de las dos entradas principales recibiendo más de 74 millones de votos, superando el récord de Barack Obama de 69,5 millones de votos de 2008 . Biden recibió más de 81 millones de votos, [11] la mayor cantidad de votos jamás emitidos para un candidato en una elección presidencial de Estados Unidos . [12]Las agencias federales que supervisan la seguridad electoral dijeron que era la más segura en la historia de Estados Unidos. [13] [14] [15]
Biden aseguró la nominación demócrata sobre su rival más cercano, el senador Bernie Sanders , en una primaria competitiva que contó con el campo más grande de candidatos para cualquier partido político en la era moderna de la política estadounidense . La compañera de fórmula de Biden, la senadora Kamala Harris de California, se convirtió en la primera mujer afroamericana , la primera asiática estadounidense y la tercera candidata a vicepresidente femenina [c] en una lista de partidos importantes. Jo Jorgensen aseguró la nominación Libertaria con Spike Cohen como su compañero de fórmula, y Howie Hawkins aseguró la nominación Verdecon Angela Nicole Walker como compañera de fórmula. Los temas centrales de la elección incluyeron los impactos económicos y de salud pública de la pandemia de COVID-19 en curso ; La conducta y el temperamento personal del presidente Trump mientras estuvo en el cargo; disturbios civiles como reacción al asesinato de George Floyd y otros; la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos tras la muerte de Ruth Bader Ginsburg y la confirmación de Amy Coney Barrett ; y el futuro de la Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio . [16] [17] [18]
La elección vio un número récord de votos emitidos anticipadamente y por correo debido a la pandemia en curso. [19] Muchos más demócratas votaron por correo en comparación con los republicanos. [20] Como resultado de una gran cantidad de boletas electorales por correo, algunos estados indecisos vieron retrasos en el conteo y la presentación de informes de votos; Esto llevó a los principales medios de comunicación a retrasar su proyección de Biden y Harris como presidente electo y vicepresidente electo.hasta la mañana del 7 de noviembre; tres días y medio después de las elecciones. Las principales redes de medios proyectan un estado para un candidato una vez que existe una alta confianza matemática de que es poco probable que el voto pendiente evite que el ganador proyectado finalmente gane ese estado. [21]
Antes, durante y después del día de las elecciones, Trump y numerosos republicanos intentaron subvertir las elecciones y anular los resultados , alegando un fraude electoral generalizado e intentando influir en el proceso de recuento de votos en los estados indecisos. [22] [23] [24] El fiscal general William Barr y los funcionarios de cada uno de los 50 estados no encontraron evidencia de fraude generalizado o irregularidades en la elección. [25] [26] La campaña de Trump y sus aliados, incluidos los miembros republicanos del Congreso , [27] continuaron participando en numerosos intentos de anular los resultados de las elecciones mediante la presentación de 86 demandas.en varios estados con todos los casos menores excepto uno (que luego fue anulado) siendo retirados o desestimados por varios tribunales, [28] [29] [30] difundiendo teorías de conspiración que alegan fraude, [31] presionando a los electores y legisladores estatales republicanos, [32 ] objetando la certificación del Colegio Electoral en el Congreso, [33] [34] incitando a la insurrección en el Capitolio de los Estados Unidos , [35] y negándose a cooperar con la transición presidencial de Joe Biden en lo que fue descrito como un intento de golpe . [36] Trump declaró que nunca concedería las elecciones.[37] [38] [39] El 7 de enero de 2021, un día después del violento asalto al Capitolio por partidarios de Trump y dos meses después de que se declarara la victoria de Biden, Trump reconoció a la administración entrante sin mencionar el nombre de Biden en un video publicado en Twitter . [40] [41] [42]
Los resultados de las elecciones en cada estado y el Distrito de Columbia fueron certificados el 9 de diciembre. [43] Los electores presidenciales emitieron formalmente sus votos para presidente y vicepresidente el 14 de diciembre, [44] [45] y sus votos fueron contados oficialmente por el Congreso. del 6 al 7 de enero de 2021, antes y después de que los insurrectos pro-Trump irrumpieran en el Capitolio . [46] [47] Biden y Harris tomaron posesión el 20 de enero de 2021 .
Fondo
Procedimiento
El artículo dos de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos establece que para que una persona sirva como presidente, el individuo debe ser ciudadano natural de los Estados Unidos , tener al menos 35 años de edad y haber sido residente de los Estados Unidos durante al menos 14 años. . Los candidatos a la presidencia generalmente buscan la nominación de uno de los varios partidos políticos de los Estados Unidos. Cada partido desarrolla un método (como una elección primaria ) para elegir al candidato que el partido considere más adecuado para postularse para el puesto. Las elecciones primarias suelen ser elecciones indirectas.donde los votantes votan por una lista de delegados de partido comprometidos con un candidato en particular. Los delegados del partido luego nominan oficialmente a un candidato para que se postule en nombre del partido. El candidato presidencial normalmente elige un vicepresidente compañero de fórmula para formar de ese partido billete , que luego es ratificado por los delegados en la convención del partido (con la excepción del Partido Libertario , que designa su candidato a vicepresidente por el voto de los delegados, independientemente de la presidencia preferencia del nominado). La elección general de noviembre también es una elección indirecta, en la que los votantes emiten sus votos por una lista de miembros del Colegio Electoral ; estos electores luego eligen directamente al presidente y al vicepresidente.[48] Si ningún candidato recibe el mínimo de 270 votos electorales necesarios para ganar la elección , la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos seleccionará al presidente entre los tres candidatos que recibieron la mayor cantidad de votos electorales, y el Senado de los Estados Unidos seleccionará al vicepresidente de los candidatos que recibieron los dos totales más altos. Las elecciones presidenciales se llevaron a cabo simultáneamente con las elecciones para la Cámara de Representantes , el Senado y varias elecciones a nivel estatal y local . [46]
La Legislatura de Maine aprobó un proyecto de ley en agosto de 2019 que adopta la votación por orden de preferencia (RCV) tanto para las primarias presidenciales como para las elecciones generales. [49] [50] La gobernadora Janet Mills permitió que el proyecto de ley se convirtiera en ley sin su firma, lo que retrasó su entrada en vigor hasta después de las primarias demócratas de 2020 en marzo, pero convirtió a Maine en el primer estado en utilizar RCV para una elección general presidencial. El Partido Republicano de Maine presentó firmas para un referéndum con veto y excluye el uso de RCV para las elecciones de 2020, pero el Secretario de Estado Matthew Dunlapencontró que no había suficientes firmas válidas para calificar para la boleta. Una impugnación en la Corte Superior de Maine tuvo éxito para el Partido Republicano de Maine, pero la Corte Judicial Suprema de Maine [51] [52] suspendió el fallo pendiente de apelación el 8 de septiembre de 2020. [53] Sin embargo, las boletas comenzaron a imprimirse más tarde ese día sin el referéndum con veto e incluyendo RCV para la elección presidencial, [54] [55] y la Corte falló a favor del Secretario de Estado el 22 de septiembre, permitiendo el uso de RCV. [56] El 6 de octubre se denegó un recurso de emergencia ante la Corte Suprema . [57]La implementación de RCV podría potencialmente retrasar la proyección del ganador (es) de los votos electorales de Maine durante días después del día de las elecciones [58] y puede complicar la interpretación del voto popular nacional . [59] La ley continúa el uso del método de distrito del Congreso para la asignación de electores de Maine ( Nebraska es el único otro estado que distribuye sus votos electorales de esta manera). [60]
El 14 de diciembre de 2020, los electores comprometidos para cada candidato, conocidos colectivamente como el Colegio Electoral de los Estados Unidos , se reunieron en las capitales de sus estados para emitir sus votos oficiales. De conformidad con los procesos establecidos por la Ley de Conteo Electoral de 1887, los certificados de verificación que enumeran los nombres de los electores y los certificados separados que registran sus votos se distribuyen a varios funcionarios de las ramas del gobierno. [61] [62] [63] El Congreso recién electo, con el Vicepresidente en su rol de Presidente del Senado presidiendo, se reunió en sesión conjunta para abrir formalmente los certificados y contar los votos, que comenzó el 6 de enero de 2021, fue interrumpido por elasalto del edificio del Capitolio , y terminó al día siguiente. [64]
Elecciones simultáneas
La elección presidencial se produjo simultáneamente con las elecciones al Senado y la Cámara de Representantes . También se celebraron elecciones para gobernador y legislativas en varios estados. Para las elecciones posteriores, la Cámara de los Estados Unidos redistribuirá los escaños entre los 50 estados según los resultados del Censo de los Estados Unidos de 2020 , y los estados llevarán a cabo una redistribución de distritos legislativos estatales y del Congreso. En la mayoría de los estados, el gobernador y la legislatura estatal llevan a cabo la redistribución de distritos, aunque algunos estados tienen comisiones de redistribución . A menudo, un partido que gana una elección presidencial experimenta un efecto de cola de abrigoeso también ayuda a otros candidatos de ese partido a ganar elecciones. [65] Por lo tanto, el partido que gane las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 también podría obtener una ventaja significativa al trazar nuevos distritos legislativos estatales y del Congreso que permanecerían en vigor hasta las elecciones de 2032. [66]
Nominaciones
partido Democrático
Joe Biden se convirtió en el presunto nominado del Partido Demócrata el 5 de junio de 2020, cuando obtuvo suficientes delegados para asegurar su nominación en la convención nacional. [67] Fue nominado formalmente en la convención el 18 de agosto. [68]
Boleto del Partido Demócrata 2020 | |
|---|---|
| Joe Biden | Kamala Harris |
| para presidente | para vicepresidente |
| 47º vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos (2009-2017) | Senador de los Estados Unidos por California (2017-2021) |
| Campaña | |
partido Republicano
Un presidente en ejercicio que se postule para la reelección casi siempre tendrá la nominación. Donald Trump y su compañero de fórmula Mike Pence pudieron asegurar la nominación fácilmente después de recibir suficientes delegados en las primarias presidenciales republicanas de 2020 . [69] [70]
Boleto del Partido Republicano 2020 | |
|---|---|
| Donald Trump | Mike Pence |
| para presidente | para vicepresidente |
| 45º presidente de los Estados Unidos (2017-2021) | 48º vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos (2017-2021) |
| Campaña | |
Partido Libertario
Jo Jorgensen , quien fue compañera de fórmula del autor Harry Browne en 1996 , recibió la nominación libertaria en la convención nacional el 23 de mayo de 2020. [71] Logró acceso a las boletas electorales en los 50 estados y el Distrito de Columbia. [72]
Entrada al Partido Libertario 2020 | |
|---|---|
| Jo Jorgensen | Spike Cohen |
| para presidente | para vicepresidente |
| Profesor titular de la Universidad de Clemson | Podcaster y empresario |
| Campaña | |
Fiesta verde
Howie Hawkins se convirtió en el presunto nominado del Partido Verde el 21 de junio de 2020 y fue nominado oficialmente por el partido el 11 de julio de 2020. [73] [74] Hawkins aseguró el acceso a la boleta electoral a 381 votos electorales y el acceso por escrito a 130 votos electorales. [75] [d]
Entrada Fiesta Verde 2020 | |
|---|---|
| Howie Hawkins | Angela Walker |
| para presidente | para vicepresidente |
| Co-fundador del Partido Verde | Director Legislativo del Local 998 de ATU (2011-2013) |
| Campaña | |
Campañas electorales generales
Acceso a la boleta
Candidato presidencial [e] | Candidato a la vicepresidencia [f] | Fiesta o etiqueta [g] | Acceso a la boleta (incluida la escritura ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estados / DC | Electores | Votantes [77] | ||||
| Joe Biden | Kamala Harris | Democrático | 51 | 538 | 100% | |
| Donald Trump | Mike Pence | Republicano | 51 | 538 | 100% | |
| Jo Jorgensen | Spike Cohen | Libertario | 51 | 538 | 100% | |
| Howie Hawkins | Angela Walker | Verde | 30 (46) | 381 (511) | 73,2% (95,8%) | |
| Gloria La Riva | Sunil Freeman | Socialismo y Liberación | 15 (33) | 195 (401) | 37,0% (76,1%) | |
| Rocky De La Fuente | Darcy Richardson | Alianza | 15 (25) | 183 (289) | 34,7% (54,1%) | |
| Don Blankenship | William Mohr | Constitución | 18 (30) | 166 (305) | 31,2% (56,8%) | |
| Brock Pierce | Karla Ballard | Independiente | 16 (31) | 115 (285) | 19,1% (50,1%) | |
| Brian Carroll | Amar Patel | Solidaridad americana | 8 (39) | 66 (463) | 11,4% (87,7%) | |
| Jade Simmons | Claudeliah J. Roze | Convertirse en una nación | 2 (38) | 15 (372) | 2,7% (68,9%) | |
Convenciones de fiesta
La Convención Nacional Demócrata de 2020 estaba programada originalmente para el 13 al 16 de julio en Milwaukee , Wisconsin , [78] [79] [80] pero se retrasó hasta el 17 al 20 de agosto debido a los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 . [81] El 24 de junio de 2020, se anunció que la convención se llevaría a cabo en un formato mixto en línea y en persona, con la mayoría de los delegados asistiendo de forma remota pero algunos aún asistiendo al sitio físico de la convención. [82] El 5 de agosto, la parte en persona de la convención se redujo aún más, con importantes discursos, incluido el de Biden, que se cambió a un formato virtual. [83]
La Convención Nacional Republicana de 2020 se llevó a cabo del 24 al 27 de agosto en Charlotte, Carolina del Norte y varios lugares remotos. Originalmente, se planeó llevar a cabo una convención de tres días en Carolina del Norte, pero debido a la insistencia de Carolina del Norte de que la convención siguiera las reglas de distanciamiento social de COVID-19, los discursos y celebraciones se trasladaron a Jacksonville, Florida (los asuntos oficiales de la convención aún eran contractuales obligada a realizarse en Charlotte). [84] [85] Sin embargo, debido al empeoramiento de la situación con respecto al COVID-19 en Florida, los planes allí fueron cancelados y la convención se trasladó de regreso a Charlotte en una capacidad reducida. [86]
La Convención Nacional Libertaria de 2020 estaba programada originalmente para celebrarse en Austin, Texas , durante el fin de semana del Día de los Caídos del 22 al 25 de mayo, [87] [88] pero todas las reservaciones en el JW Marriott Downtown Austin para la convención se cancelaron el 26 de abril debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. [89] Finalmente, el Comité Nacional Libertario decidió que el partido celebraría dos convenciones, una en línea del 22 al 24 de mayo para seleccionar a los candidatos presidenciales y vicepresidenciales y otra en una convención física en Orlando, Florida , a partir del 8 de julio. –12 para otros asuntos. [90]
La Convención Nacional Verde 2020 iba a celebrarse originalmente en Detroit , Michigan , del 9 al 12 de julio. [80] Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, la convención se llevó a cabo en línea, sin cambios de fecha. [91]
Problemas exclusivos de la elección
El proceso de destitución
La Cámara de Representantes votó para acusar a Trump por dos cargos el 18 de diciembre de 2019. [92] El juicio en el Senado comenzó el 21 de enero de 2020 [93] y terminó el 5 de febrero, lo que resultó en la absolución del Senado de los Estados Unidos . [94]
Esta es la segunda vez que un presidente es acusado durante su primer mandato mientras se postula para un segundo mandato. [95] [h] Trump continuó realizando mítines de campaña durante el juicio político. [97] [98] Esta es también la primera vez desde que se establecieron las primarias presidenciales modernas en 1911 que un presidente ha sido sometido a juicio político mientras la temporada de primarias estaba en curso. [99] El proceso de acusación se superpuso con las campañas primarias, lo que obligó a los senadores que se postulaban para la nominación demócrata a permanecer en Washington para el juicio en los días anteriores y posteriores a las asambleas de Iowa. [100] [101]
Efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19
Varios eventos relacionados con las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 fueron alterados o pospuestos debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 en curso en el país y sus efectos, como la orden de quedarse en casa y las pautas de distanciamiento social de los gobiernos locales. El 10 de marzo, luego de las elecciones primarias en seis estados, los candidatos demócratas Joe Biden y Bernie Sanders cancelaron los eventos nocturnos de campaña planificados y más campañas en persona y mítines de campaña. [102] [103] El 12 de marzo, Trump también declaró su intención de posponer más manifestaciones de campaña. [104] El undécimo debate demócrata se celebró el 15 de marzo sin audiencia en los estudios de CNN en Washington, DC [105]Varios estados también pospusieron sus primarias para una fecha posterior, incluidos Georgia, [106] Kentucky, [107] Luisiana, [108] Ohio, [109] y Maryland. [110] A partir del 24 de marzo de 2020, todos los candidatos presidenciales de los principales partidos habían detenido las campañas en persona y los mítines de campaña por las preocupaciones del COVID-19. Los analistas políticos especularon en ese momento que la moratoria de las campañas tradicionales, junto con los efectos de la pandemia en la nación, podrían tener efectos impredecibles en la población votante y, posiblemente, en cómo se llevarán a cabo las elecciones. [111] [112] [113]
Algunas elecciones primarias presidenciales se vieron gravemente interrumpidas por problemas relacionados con COVID-19, incluidas las largas filas en los lugares de votación, un gran aumento de solicitudes de boletas de voto en ausencia y problemas de tecnología. [114] El número de lugares de votación a menudo se redujo considerablemente debido a la escasez de trabajadores electorales capaces o dispuestos a trabajar durante la pandemia. La mayoría de los estados expandieron o alentaron la votación por correo como alternativa, pero muchos votantes se quejaron de que nunca recibieron las boletas de voto ausente que habían solicitado. [115]
La Ley de Ayuda, Alivio y Seguridad Económica por el Coronavirus de marzo de 2020 incluyó dinero para que los estados aumenten la votación por correo. En mayo, Trump y su campaña se opusieron firmemente a la votación por correo, alegando que causaría un fraude electoral generalizado, una creencia que ha sido desacreditada por varios medios de comunicación. [116] [117] La respuesta del gobierno al impacto de la pandemia de la administración Trump, junto con las diferentes posiciones tomadas por los demócratas y republicanos del Congreso con respecto al estímulo económico se convirtió en un tema de campaña importante para ambos partidos. [118] [119]
El 6 de abril, la Corte Suprema y los republicanos de la legislatura estatal de Wisconsin rechazaron la solicitud del gobernador de Wisconsin, Tony Evers , de trasladar las elecciones estatales de primavera a junio. Como resultado, las elecciones, que incluyeron una primaria presidencial, se llevaron a cabo el 7 de abril como estaba previsto. [120] Al menos siete nuevos casos de COVID-19 se rastrearon hasta esta elección. Los defensores del derecho al voto expresaron temor de un caos similar a escala nacional en noviembre, y recomendaron a los estados que se movieran para expandir las opciones de voto por correo. [121]
El 20 de junio de 2020, la campaña de Trump llevó a cabo un mitin en persona en Tulsa, Oklahoma , luego de que la Corte Suprema de Oklahoma dictaminó que el evento podría continuar a pesar de las continuas preocupaciones sobre COVID-19. [122] La asistencia a la manifestación fue mucho menor de lo esperado, y se describió como un "fracaso", lo que llevó a un empeoramiento significativo de las relaciones entre Trump y su director de campaña Brad Parscale . [123] 7.7 millones de personas vieron el evento en Fox News, un récord de audiencia los sábados para ese canal. [124] Tres semanas después de la manifestación, el Departamento de Salud del Estado de Oklahoma registró un número récord de casos de COVID-19, [125] y el ex candidato presidencial republicano Herman Cainmurió a causa del virus, aunque no se confirmó que contrajo la enfermedad debido a su asistencia al mitin. [126]
El 2 de octubre de 2020, Trump y la primera dama Melania Trump dieron positivo por SARS-CoV-2 luego de una prueba positiva de su asesora principal Hope Hicks , como parte de un brote más grande de COVID-19 entre el personal de la Casa Blanca . Tanto el presidente como la primera dama entraron inmediatamente en cuarentena, lo que impidió que Trump hiciera más campaña, especialmente en los mítines de campaña. [127] [128] [129] Más tarde ese mismo día, el presidente fue admitido en el Centro Médico Militar Nacional Walter Reed con fiebre baja, donde se informó que había recibido un tratamiento experimental con anticuerpos. [130] [131]El diagnóstico de Trump se produjo solo dos días después de que compartiera el escenario con Joe Biden en el primer debate presidencial. Esto llevó a la preocupación de que Biden pudiera haber contraído el virus de Trump; sin embargo, Biden dio negativo. [132] [133] Trump fue dado de alta del hospital el 5 de octubre. [134]
El diagnóstico de Trump con COVID-19 fue ampliamente visto como un efecto negativo en su campaña y volvió a desviar la atención del público hacia el COVID-19, un problema que generalmente se considera un lastre para Trump, debido a su respuesta al COVID. -19 pandemia que sufre de bajos índices de aprobación. [135] [136] Estar en cuarentena también significó que Trump no pudo asistir a los mítines, que fueron una parte importante de su campaña. Como resultado de la contratación de Trump de COVID-19, Biden continuó haciendo campaña, pero dejó temporalmente de publicar anuncios de ataques contra él. [137] [138] Trump reanudó las manifestaciones en persona el 12 de octubre, una semana después de su alta del hospital. [134]Trump continuó viajando a estados de batalla y realizando manifestaciones masivas, a veces dos o tres al día. Sus mítines han sido criticados por su falta de distanciamiento social o por el uso de máscaras, y algunas encuestas sugieren que los votantes lo ven menos favorablemente por poner en peligro a los asistentes. [139] [140]
Interferencia extranjera
Los funcionarios estadounidenses han acusado a Rusia , China e Irán de intentar influir en las elecciones estadounidenses de 2020. [141] [142] El 4 de octubre de 2019, Microsoft anunció que "Phosphorus", un grupo de piratas informáticos vinculados al gobierno iraní , había intentado comprometer cuentas de correo electrónico pertenecientes a periodistas, funcionarios del gobierno de EE. UU. Y la campaña de un gobierno de EE. UU. candidato presidencial. [143] [144] La Voz de Américainformó en abril de 2020 que "los investigadores de seguridad de Internet dicen que ya ha habido señales de que los piratas informáticos aliados de China se han involucrado en los llamados ataques de 'spear-phishing' contra objetivos políticos estadounidenses antes de la votación de 2020". El portavoz chino Geng Shuang negó las acusaciones y dijo que "esperaría que el pueblo estadounidense no arrastre a China a su política electoral". [145]
El 13 de febrero de 2020, los funcionarios de inteligencia estadounidenses informaron a los miembros del Comité de Inteligencia de la Cámara que Rusia estaba interfiriendo en las elecciones de 2020 en un esfuerzo por lograr la reelección de Trump. [146] [147] El informe fue presentado por Shelby Pierson , el principal funcionario de seguridad electoral de la comunidad de inteligencia y asistente del director interino de Inteligencia Nacional, Joseph Maguire . El 21 de febrero, The Washington Post informó que, según funcionarios estadounidenses no identificados, Rusia estaba interfiriendo en las primarias demócratas en un esfuerzo por apoyar la nominación del senador Bernie Sanders.. Sanders emitió una declaración después del informe de noticias, diciendo en parte: "No me importa, francamente, quién quiere Putin como presidente. Mi mensaje para Putin es claro: no participe en las elecciones estadounidenses y, como presidente, me aseguraré de eso que haces." [148] Sanders reconoció que su campaña fue informada sobre los supuestos esfuerzos de Rusia aproximadamente un mes antes. [149] En una sesión informativa de febrero de 2020 para el Comité de Inteligencia de la Cámara, los funcionarios de inteligencia de Estados Unidos advirtieron al Congreso que Rusia estaba interfiriendo en la campaña de 2020 para apoyar la campaña de reelección de Trump; Trump estaba enojado porque el Congreso había sido informado de la amenaza, y el día después de la sesión informativa criticó al director interino de inteligencia nacional, Joseph Maguire , por permitir que la sesión informara siguiera adelante.[150] [151] China y algunos individuos chinos vinculados al gobierno han sido acusados de interferir en las elecciones para apoyar la candidatura tanto de Biden como de Trump, [152] aunque si realmente lo está haciendo se discute entre la comunidad de inteligencia. [151] [153]
El 21 de octubre, se enviaron correos electrónicos amenazantes a demócratas en al menos cuatro estados. Los correos electrónicos advirtieron que "Votarás por Trump el día de las elecciones o te perseguiremos". [154] El director de Inteligencia Nacional, John Ratcliffe, anunció esa noche que Irán había enviado los correos electrónicos, utilizando una dirección de retorno falsa. Añadió que se sabe que tanto Irán como Rusia han obtenido datos de registro de votantes estadounidenses, posiblemente de información disponible públicamente, y que "estos datos pueden ser utilizados por actores extranjeros para intentar comunicar información falsa a los votantes registrados que esperan que cause confusión". sembrar el caos y socavar su confianza en la democracia estadounidense ". Un portavoz de Irán negó la acusación. [155]En su anuncio, Ratcliffe dijo que la intención de Irán había sido "intimidar a los votantes, incitar el malestar social y dañar al presidente Trump", planteando interrogantes sobre cómo ordenar a los demócratas votar por Trump sería perjudicial para Trump. Más tarde se informó que la referencia a Trump no había estado en los comentarios preparados por Ratcliffe como los firmaron los otros funcionarios en el escenario, pero que lo agregó por su cuenta. [156]
A lo largo del período electoral, varios legisladores colombianos y el embajador de Colombia en Estados Unidos emitieron declaraciones apoyando la campaña de Donald Trump, que ha sido vista como potencialmente dañina para las relaciones entre Colombia y Estados Unidos . [157] [158] El 26 de octubre, el embajador de Estados Unidos en Colombia, Philip Goldberg , solicitó que los políticos colombianos se abstuvieran de involucrarse en las elecciones. [159]
El Departamento de Justicia está investigando si el Comité de la Victoria de Trump aceptó una donación de 100.000 dólares del empresario malayo y fugitivo internacional Jho Low , acusado de ser el cerebro detrás del escándalo multimillonario 1Malaysia Development Berhad que involucra a un fondo soberano de Malasia, 1MDB . [160] [161]
Los funcionarios del gobierno y los oficiales de seguridad corporativa estadounidenses se prepararon para una repetición del pirateo de la infraestructura electoral de 2016 y ataques similares del siglo XXI , y de hecho llevaron a cabo lo que se caracterizó como contraataques preventivos contra la infraestructura de la botnet que podrían usarse en una coordinación a gran escala de piratería, [162] y algunos incidentes a principios de año parecían presagiar tales posibilidades. No obstante, después de su despido , en una entrevista de diciembre de 2020, Chris Krebs , director de la Agencia de Seguridad de Infraestructura y Ciberseguridad de la administración Trump.(CISA), describió el monitoreo del Día de las Elecciones desde el centro de comando conjunto de CISA junto con representantes del Comando Cibernético de los Estados Unidos , la Agencia de Seguridad Nacional (NSA), la Oficina Federal de Investigaciones (FBI), el Servicio Secreto de los Estados Unidos (USSS), la Comisión de Asistencia Electoral (EAC), representantes de proveedores de equipos de máquinas de votación y representantes de gobiernos estatales y locales, así como el análisis de su agencia antes y después de ese día, diciendo: "Todo estaba tranquilo. No había indicios o pruebas de que hubiera algún tipo de piratería o compromiso de los sistemas electorales el 3 de noviembre, antes o después". [163] Respondiendo a las falsas afirmaciones de la subcontratación extranjera del recuento de votos como justificación del litigio que intenta detener el recuento oficial de votos en algunas áreas, Krebs también afirmó que, "Todos los votos en los Estados Unidos de América se cuentan en los Estados Unidos de América . " [163]
Actos de interferencia extranjera incluyen la aplicación dirigida por el Estado ruso de la propaganda computacional enfoques más convencionales patrocinada por el estado de propaganda internet , los esfuerzos de desinformación de menor escala , " lavado de la información " y " comercio en la cadena de " tácticas de propaganda que emplean algunos funcionarios del gobierno, los afiliados Trump, y medios de comunicación estadounidenses . [164]
El potencial rechazo de Trump a los resultados electorales
Durante la campaña, Trump indicó en publicaciones de Twitter , entrevistas y discursos que podría negarse a reconocer el resultado de las elecciones si era derrotado; Trump sugirió falsamente que las elecciones serían amañadas en su contra. [165] [166] [167] En julio de 2020, Trump se negó a responder si aceptaría los resultados y le dijo al presentador de Fox News, Chris Wallace, que "tengo que ver. No, no voy a decir simplemente que sí. no voy a decir que no ". [168] [169] [170] Trump afirmó en repetidas ocasiones que "la única forma" en que podría perder sería si las elecciones fueran "manipuladas" y se negaron repetidamente a comprometerse con una transición pacífica del poder.después de la elección. [171] [172] Trump también atacó la votación por correo a lo largo de la campaña, afirmando falsamente que la práctica contiene altas tasas de fraude; [173] [174] [175] en un momento, Trump dijo: "Veremos qué pasa ... Deshágase de las boletas y tendrá una muy pacífica; no habrá una transferencia, francamente. Habrá una continuación ". [176] Las declaraciones de Trump han sido descritas como una amenaza "para cambiar el orden constitucional". [177] En septiembre de 2020, el director del FBI, Christopher A. Wray, quien fue designado por Trump, testificó bajo juramento que el FBI "no ha visto, históricamente, ningún tipo de esfuerzo coordinado de fraude electoral nacional en una elección importante, ya sea por correo o de otro modo". [178]
Varios republicanos del Congreso insistieron en que estaban comprometidos con una transición de poder ordenada y pacífica, pero se negaron a criticar a Trump por sus comentarios. [179] El 24 de septiembre, el Senado aprobó por unanimidad una resolución que afirma el compromiso del Senado con una transferencia pacífica del poder. [180] Trump también ha declarado que esperaba que la Corte Suprema decidiera la elección y que quería una mayoría conservadora en caso de una disputa electoral, reiterando su compromiso de instalar rápidamente un noveno juez tras la muerte de Ruth Bader Ginsburg . [181]
Sugerencia de aplazamiento de elecciones
En abril de 2020, Biden sugirió que Trump podría intentar retrasar las elecciones, diciendo que Trump "va a tratar de retrasar las elecciones de alguna manera, pensar en alguna razón por la que no pueden celebrarse". [182] [183] El 30 de julio, Trump tuiteó que "Con la votación universal por correo (no la votación en ausencia, lo cual es bueno), 2020 será la elección más INEXACTA Y FRAUDULENTA de la historia" y preguntó si debería posponerse hasta las personas pueden emitir su voto en persona de manera segura. Los expertos han indicado que, para que la elección se retrase legalmente, esa decisión debe ser tomada por el Congreso . [184] [185]Varios expertos legales señalaron que la Constitución establece el final de los períodos presidencial y vicepresidencial para el 20 de enero, una fecha límite estricta que el Congreso no puede modificar excepto mediante una enmienda constitucional. [186] [187]
Voto postal
El voto por correo en los Estados Unidos se ha vuelto cada vez más común, con el 25% de los votantes enviando sus boletas por correo en 2016 y 2018. Para junio de 2020, se predijo que la pandemia de COVID-19 causaría un gran aumento en el voto por correo debido al posible peligro de congregarse en los lugares de votación. [189] Un análisis estado por estado de agosto de 2020 concluyó que el 76% de los estadounidenses eran elegibles para votar por correo en 2020, una cifra récord. El análisis predijo que se podrían emitir 80 millones de boletas por correo en 2020, más del doble que en 2016. [190] El Servicio Postal envió una carta a varios estados en julio de 2020, advirtiendo que el servicio no podría cumplir con los requisitos. los plazos del estado para solicitar y emitir boletas de voto ausente de última hora. [191]Además del alto volumen previsto de papeletas enviadas por correo, la predicción se debió en parte a las numerosas medidas adoptadas por Louis DeJoy , el Director General de Correos de los Estados Unidos recién instalado , incluida la prohibición de las horas extraordinarias y los viajes adicionales para entregar el correo, [192] que causaron retrasos en entregar correo, [193] y desmantelar y retirar cientos de máquinas clasificadoras de correo de alta velocidad de los centros postales. [194]El 18 de agosto, después de que la Cámara de Representantes fuera retirada de su receso de agosto para votar un proyecto de ley que revirtiera los cambios, DeJoy anunció que revertiría todos los cambios hasta después de las elecciones de noviembre. Dijo que restablecería las horas extra, revertiría las reducciones del servicio y detendría la eliminación de las máquinas clasificadoras de correo y las cajas de recolección. [195]
La Cámara de Representantes votó una subvención de emergencia de $ 25 mil millones para la oficina de correos para facilitar la inundación prevista de boletas por correo. [196] Sin embargo, Trump ha denunciado repetidamente la votación por correo, a pesar de que él mismo vota por correo en Florida. [197] En agosto de 2020, Trump admitió que la oficina de correos necesitaría fondos adicionales para manejar la votación adicional por correo, pero dijo que bloquearía cualquier financiamiento adicional para la oficina de correos para evitar cualquier aumento en las votaciones por correo. [198]
La campaña de Trump presentó demandas que buscan bloquear el uso de buzones de votación oficiales en Pensilvania en lugares que no sean una oficina electoral, y también buscó "impedir que los funcionarios electorales cuenten las boletas por correo si un votante olvida poner su boleta por correo en una funda de confidencialidad dentro del sobre de devolución de la boleta ". [199] La campaña de Trump y el Partido Republicano no pudieron presentar ninguna evidencia de fraude de voto por correo después de que un juez federal les ordenó hacerlo. [199]
El día de las elecciones, un juez ordenó a los inspectores de correo que buscaran boletas en "instalaciones de correo en ... estados clave de batalla". [200] La agencia se negó a cumplir con la orden y casi el 7% de las boletas en las instalaciones del USPS el día de las elecciones no se procesaron a tiempo. [201]
Problemas de la Comisión Federal de Elecciones
La Comisión Federal de Elecciones , que se creó en 1974 para hacer cumplir las leyes de financiamiento de campañas en las elecciones federales, no ha funcionado desde julio de 2020 debido a las vacantes en la membresía. En ausencia de quórum, la comisión no puede votar sobre las quejas ni brindar orientación a través de opiniones consultivas. [202] Al 19 de mayo de 2020, había 350 asuntos pendientes en el expediente de ejecución de la agencia y 227 asuntos pendientes de acción. [203] Al 1 de septiembre de 2020, Trump no había nominado a nadie para cubrir las vacantes de la FEC. [204]
Vacante de la Corte Suprema
El 18 de septiembre de 2020 murió la jueza Ruth Bader Ginsburg . El líder de la mayoría en el Senado, Mitch McConnell, declaró inmediatamente que el precedente que sentó con respecto a la nominación de Merrick Garland era inoperante y que se votaría un reemplazo lo antes posible, preparando el escenario para una batalla de confirmación y una intrusión inesperada en la campaña. [205] La muerte del juez Ginsburg resultó en grandes aumentos en el impulso tanto para los demócratas como para los republicanos. [206] [207] El presidente, [208] vicepresidente, [209]y varios miembros republicanos del Congreso declararon que se necesitaba un banco completo de la Corte Suprema para decidir las próximas elecciones. [210] [211]
El 26 de septiembre, el día después de que el cuerpo del juez Ginsburg yaciera en el Capitolio , Trump celebró una ceremonia en el jardín de rosas en la Casa Blanca para anunciar y presentar a su candidata, Amy Coney Barrett . [212] Después de cuatro días de audiencias de confirmación, el Comité Judicial del Senado votó la nominación fuera del comité el 22 de octubre, [213] y el 26 de octubre, Barrett fue confirmado en una votación de 52 a 48, sin votos demócratas. para su confirmación. [214] Esta fue la confirmación de la Corte Suprema más cercana a una elección presidencial, y la primera nominación a la Corte Suprema desde 1869 sin votos de apoyo del partido minoritario. [214]También fue uno de los plazos más rápidos desde la nominación hasta las confirmaciones en la historia de Estados Unidos. [215] [216] Según una encuesta de Fox News , un tema de actualidad para los votantes es la protección del fallo de la Corte Suprema de Roe v. Wade , sobre la legalidad del aborto . [217]
Litigio preelectoral
Para septiembre de 2020, se habían presentado varios cientos de casos legales relacionados con la elección. [218] Aproximadamente 250 de ellos tenían que ver con la mecánica de la votación en relación con la pandemia de COVID-19. [218] La Corte Suprema se pronunció sobre varios de estos casos, [219] principalmente emitiendo estancias de emergencia en lugar de seguir el proceso normal debido a la urgencia. [220] En octubre de 2020, se especuló que la elección podría decidirse a través de un caso de la Corte Suprema, como sucedió después de las elecciones de 2000 . [221] [222]
Debates
El 11 de octubre de 2019, la Comisión de Debates Presidenciales (CPD) anunció que en el otoño de 2020 se realizarían tres debates electorales generales [223].
El primero, moderado por Chris Wallace, tuvo lugar el 29 de septiembre y fue coanfitrión de la Case Western Reserve University y la Cleveland Clinic en Cleveland, Ohio . [224] El debate originalmente se iba a realizar en la Universidad de Notre Dame en Notre Dame, Indiana , pero la universidad decidió no celebrar el debate como resultado de la pandemia de COVID-19 . [224] [225] Se consideró que Biden ganó el primer debate, [226] [227] [228] con una minoría significativa de comentaristas que afirmaron que fue un empate. [229] [230]
Un cambio que se observó sobre todo cuando era Trump no lo hizo directamente denunciar la supremacía blanca y neofascista grupo Niños Proud , que se acopla de manera explícita en la violencia política , en lugar de responder que deben "paso atrás y estar junto." [231] [232] [233] Al día siguiente, Trump dijo a los reporteros que el grupo debería "retirarse" mientras también afirmaba que él no estaba al tanto de lo que era el grupo. [234] [235] El debate fue descrito como "caótico y casi incoherente" debido a las repetidas interrupciones de Trump, lo que hizo que el CPD considerara ajustes al formato de los debates restantes. [236]
El debate vicepresidencial se llevó a cabo el 7 de octubre de 2020 en la Universidad de Utah en Salt Lake City . [237] El debate se consideró en general moderado, sin un claro vencedor. [238] [239] Un incidente que fue particularmente comentado fue cuando una mosca aterrizó en la cabeza del vicepresidente Pence y permaneció allí sin que él lo supiera durante dos minutos. [240] [241]
El segundo debate estaba inicialmente programado para celebrarse en la Universidad de Michigan en Ann Arbor, Michigan , pero la universidad se retiró en junio de 2020, debido a preocupaciones sobre la pandemia de COVID-19 . [242] El debate planeado fue reprogramado para el 15 de octubre en el Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts en Miami , pero debido a que Trump contrajo COVID-19 el CPD anunció el 8 de octubre que el debate se realizaría virtualmente, en el que los candidatos aparecen desde ubicaciones separadas. Sin embargo, Trump se negó a participar en un debate virtual y la comisión anunció posteriormente que el debate había sido cancelado. [243] [244]
El tercer debate programado tuvo lugar el 22 de octubre en la Universidad de Belmont en Nashville, Tennessee , y fue moderado por Kristen Welker . [245] [246] Los cambios en las reglas del debate dieron como resultado que en general se considerara más civilizado que el primer debate. [247] El desempeño de Welker como moderadora fue elogiado, y se consideró que había hecho un buen trabajo evitando que los candidatos se interrumpieran entre sí. [248] En general, se consideró que Biden había ganado el debate, aunque se consideró poco probable que alteraría la carrera en un grado considerable. [249] [250] [251]
| No. | Fecha | Hora | Anfitrión | Ciudad | Moderador (es) | Participantes | Audiencia (millones) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | 29 de septiembre de 2020 | 9:00 p.m. EDT | Universidad Case Western Reserve | Cleveland Ohio | Chris Wallace | Donald Trump Joe Biden | 73,1 [252] |
| Vicepresidente | 7 de octubre de 2020 | 7:00 p.m. MDT | Universidad de Utah | Salt Lake City, Utah | Susan Page | Mike Pence Kamala Harris | 57,9 [253] |
| (P2) [i] | 15 de octubre de 2020 | 9:00 p.m. EDT | Centro Arsht (planificado) | Miami, Florida | Steve Scully (planeado) | Donald Trump Joe Biden | N / A |
| P2 | 22 de octubre de 2020 | 8:00 p.m. CDT | Universidad de Belmont | Nashville, Tennessee | Kristen Welker | Donald Trump Joe Biden | 63 [255] |
La Fundación Igualdad de elecciones libres y llevaron a cabo dos debates con varios terceros y los candidatos independientes, uno el 8 de octubre de 2020, en Denver , Colorado , [256] y otro el 24 de octubre de 2020, en Cheyenne, Wyoming . [257]
Votación
Bidireccional
El siguiente gráfico muestra la posición de cada candidato en los agregadores de encuestas desde septiembre de 2019 hasta noviembre de 2020. El exvicepresidente Joe Biden , el candidato demócrata, tuvo una ventaja promedio en las encuestas de 7,9 puntos porcentuales sobre el actual presidente Donald Trump , el candidato republicano.
| Candidatos activos |
| Joe Biden (demócrata) |
| Donald Trump (republicano) |
| Otros / Indeciso |
| Donald Trump contra Joe Biden | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuente de agregación de encuestas | Fechas administradas | Fechas actualizadas | Joe Biden | Donald Trump | Otro / Indeciso [j] | Margen |
| 270 para ganar | 28 de octubre - 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 51,1% | 43,1% | 5,8% | Biden +8.0 |
| Política RealClear | 25 de octubre - 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 51,2% | 44,0% | 4,8% | Biden +7,2 |
| CincoTreintaOcho | hasta el 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 51,8% | 43,4% | 4,8% | Biden +8,4 |
| Promedio | 51,4% | 43,5% | 5,1% | Biden +7,9 | ||
De cuatro vías
Los promedios calculados no son comparables a los de las encuestas de Biden vs Trump. Como las encuestas con terceros han sido muy limitadas, las encuestas incluidas en el promedio suelen ser diferentes.
| Donald Trump contra Joe Biden contra Jo Jorgensen contra Howie Hawkins | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuente de agregación de encuestas | Fechas administradas | Fechas actualizadas | Joe Biden | Donald Trump | Jo Jorgensen | Howie Hawkins | Otro / Indeciso [j] | Margen |
| 270 para ganar | 23 de octubre - 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 50,6% | 43,2% | 1,2% | 1,0% | 4,0% | Biden +7,4 |
| Política RealClear | 15 de octubre - 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 2 de noviembre de 2020 | 50,6% | 43,2% | 1,8% | 0,8% | 3,6% | Biden +7,4 |
Estados de swing
El siguiente gráfico muestra la diferencia entre Joe Biden y Donald Trump en cada estado de transición en los agregadores de encuestas desde marzo de 2020 hasta las elecciones, con los resultados de las elecciones para comparar.
| Encuestas por estado / distrito |
| New Hampshire |
| Minnesota |
| Wisconsin |
| Michigan |
| Nevada |
| Pensilvania |
| Nebraska CD-2 |
| Maine CD-2 |
| Arizona |
| Florida |
| Carolina del Norte |
| Georgia |
| Ohio |
| Texas |
| Iowa |
| Montana |
| Misuri |
| Alaska |
| Carolina del Sur |
| Nebraska |
| Kansas |
Endosos
Problemas de campaña
Pandemia de COVID-19
La pandemia de COVID-19 fue un tema importante de la campaña, y las respuestas de Trump fueron fuertemente criticadas. El presidente difundió mensajes contradictorios sobre el valor de usar máscaras faciales como protección, incluso criticó a Biden y a los periodistas por usarlas, pero también ha alentado su uso en ocasiones. [258] Durante la campaña, Trump llevó a cabo muchos eventos en todo el país, incluso en puntos calientes de coronavirus, donde los asistentes no usaban máscaras y no se distanciaban socialmente; al mismo tiempo, se burló de los que llevaban máscaras. [259] [260] [261]
Biden abogó por la expansión de la financiación federal, incluida la financiación en virtud de la Ley de Producción de Defensa para pruebas, equipo de protección personal e investigación. [262] Trump también ha invocado la Ley de Producción de Defensa en menor medida para controlar la distribución de máscaras y ventiladores, [263] pero su plan de respuesta se basó significativamente en una vacuna que se lanzaría a finales de 2020. [262] En el segundo En el debate presidencial, Trump afirmó que Biden lo había llamado xenófobo por restringir la entrada de ciudadanos extranjeros que habían visitado China, pero Biden aclaró que no se había referido a esta decisión. [264]
Economía
Trump se atribuyó el mérito de la expansión económica constante de los primeros tres años de su presidencia, con el mercado de valores en su período de crecimiento más largo en la historia y el desempleo en un mínimo de cincuenta años. Además, ha promocionado el repunte del tercer trimestre de 2020, en el que el PIB creció a una tasa anualizada del 33,1%, como prueba del éxito de sus políticas económicas. [265] Biden respondió a las afirmaciones de Trump repitiendo que la fuerte economía bajo la presidencia de Trump fue heredada de la administración Obama, y que Trump ha agravado el impacto económico de la pandemia, incluida la necesidad de 42 millones de estadounidenses de solicitar el desempleo. [266]
La Ley de Empleos y Reducción de Impuestos de 2017 , que redujo el impuesto sobre la renta para la mayoría de los estadounidenses, así como también redujo la tasa del impuesto corporativo del 35% al 21%, fue una parte importante de la política económica de Trump. Biden y los demócratas generalmente describen estos recortes como un beneficio injusto para la clase alta. Biden planea aumentar los impuestos a las corporaciones y aquellos que ganan más de $ 400,000 por año, mientras mantiene los impuestos reducidos en los tramos de ingresos más bajos y aumenta los impuestos sobre las ganancias de capital a un tramo máximo del 39,6%. En respuesta, Trump dijo que los planes de Biden destruirán las cuentas de jubilación y el mercado de valores . [267]
Ambiente
Las opiniones de Trump y Biden sobre la política medioambiental difieren significativamente. Trump ha declarado en ocasiones que el cambio climático es un engaño, aunque también lo ha calificado de tema serio. [268] Trump ha condenado el Acuerdo de París sobre reducción de gases de efecto invernadero y ha comenzado el proceso de retirada . Biden planea reunirse con él y anunció un plan de 2 billones de dólares para combatir el cambio climático. Sin embargo, Biden no ha aceptado completamente el Green New Deal . Biden no planea prohibir el fracking , sino prohibir el nuevo fracking en terrenos federales. Sin embargo, en un debate, Trump afirmó que Biden quería prohibirlo por completo. Las otras políticas ambientales de Trump han incluido la eliminación denormas de emisión de metano y expansión de la minería. [269]
Cuidado de la salud
La atención médica fue un tema divisivo tanto en la campaña primaria demócrata como en la campaña general. Si bien Biden, al igual que otros candidatos, prometió la protección de la Ley de Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio , los progresistas dentro del Partido Demócrata abogaron por reemplazar la industria de seguros privados con Medicare para Todos . El plan de Biden implica agregar una opción pública al sistema de salud estadounidense, [270] y la restauración del mandato individual de comprar atención médica que fue eliminado de la Ley de Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio por el proyecto de ley de reducción de impuestos de 2017 [271] , así como restaurar la financiación para Planificación familiar. Trump anunció planes para derogar la Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio, calificándola de "demasiado cara", pero no ha dicho qué la reemplazaría. [272] En el momento de la elección, la administración Trump y los funcionarios republicanos de 18 estados tenían una demanda ante la Corte Suprema, solicitando a la corte que derogue la Ley de Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio. [273]
Disturbios raciales
Como resultado del asesinato de George Floyd y otros incidentes de brutalidad policial contra los afroamericanos, combinados con los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19, a mediados de 2020 estallaron una serie de protestas y un período más amplio de disturbios raciales . [274] Se llevaron a cabo muchas protestas pacíficas, pero también se produjeron disturbios y saqueos. Trump y los republicanos han sugerido enviar al ejército para contrarrestar las protestas, que fueron criticadas, especialmente por los demócratas, por considerarlas duras y potencialmente ilegales. [275] Particularmente controvertida fue una sesión de fotos que Trump tomó frente a la Iglesia de San Juan en Washington DC., antes de lo cual la policía militar había desalojado por la fuerza a manifestantes pacíficos de la zona. [271] Biden condenó a Trump por sus acciones contra los manifestantes; describió las palabras de George Floyd " No puedo respirar " como una "llamada de atención para nuestra nación". También prometió que crearía una comisión de supervisión policial en sus primeros 100 días como presidente y establecería un estándar de uso uniforme de la fuerza, así como otras medidas de reforma policial. [276]
Predicciones
| Resultado 2016 | Resultado 2020 | Cook 28 de octubre de 2020 [277] | Elecciones internas 28 de octubre de 2020 [278] | Sabato 2 de noviembre de 2020 [279] | Politico 2 de noviembre de 2020 [280] | Política realmente clara 29 de octubre de 2020 [281] | CNN 2 de noviembre de 2020 [282] | The Economist 3 de noviembre de 2020 [283] | CBS News 1 de noviembre de 2020 [284] | 270 para ganar el 3 de noviembre de 2020 [285] | ABC News 2 de noviembre de 2020 [286] | NPR 30 de octubre de 2020 [287] | NBC News 27 de octubre de 2020 [288] | Cinco treinta y ocho [k] 2 de noviembre de 2020 [289] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D: 232 R: 306 | D: 306 R: 232 | D: 290 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 123 | D: 350 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 63 | D: 321 R: 217 Lanzamiento: 0 | D: 279 R: 163 Lanzamiento: 96 | D: 216 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 197 | D: 279 R: 163 Lanzamiento: 96 | D: 334 R: 164 Lanzamiento: 40 | D: 279 R: 163 Lanzamiento: 96 | D: 279 R: 163 Lanzamiento: 96 | D: 321 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 92 | D: 279 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 134 | D: 279 R: 125 Lanzamiento: 134 | D: 334 R: 169 Lanzamiento: 35 |
Resultados
Estadísticas
En las elecciones se emitieron más de 158 millones de votos. [290] Más de 100 millones de ellos fueron emitidos antes del día de las elecciones mediante votación anticipada o por correo , debido a la pandemia en curso. [291] La elección vio la mayor participación de votantes como porcentaje de votantes elegibles desde 1900 , [292] con cada una de las dos listas principales recibiendo más de 74 millones de votos, superando el récord de Barack Obama de 69,5 millones de votos de 2008 . [10] El boleto Biden-Harris recibió más de 81 millones de votos, la mayor cantidad de votos en una elección presidencial estadounidense . [11][12] Fue la novena elección presidencial consecutiva en la que el candidato victorioso no obtuvo una mayoría de voto popular por un margen de dos dígitos , continuando la serie más larga de elecciones presidenciales de este tipo en la historia de Estados Unidos que comenzó en 1988 . [293]
Trump se convirtió en el primer presidente de los Estados Unidos desde 1992 y el undécimo titular en la historia del país en no ganar un segundo mandato, y Biden ganó la mayor parte del voto popular contra un titular desde 1932 . [7] [8] [9] Biden se convirtió en el segundo ex vicepresidente, después del republicano Richard Nixon en 1968 , en ser elegido para un primer mandato como presidente, y el primer demócrata en hacerlo. [294]
Biden ganó 25 estados, el Distrito de Columbia y un distrito del Congreso en Nebraska, con un total de 306 votos electorales. Trump ganó 25 estados y un distrito del Congreso en Maine, con un total de 232 votos electorales. Este resultado fue exactamente el reverso del 306 a 232 de Trump en 2016 . [295] Biden se convirtió en el primer demócrata en ganar las elecciones presidenciales en Georgia desde 1992 y en Arizona desde 1996 , [296] y el primer candidato en ganar a nivel nacional sin Ohio desde 1960 y sin Florida desde 1992. [297]
A la luz de los intentos de impugnar los resultados de las elecciones, una pregunta importante es cuántos votos deberían cambiarse para cambiar el resultado general. Los márgenes a favor de Biden en tres estados (Wisconsin, Georgia y Arizona) totalizaron alrededor de 43.000. Esto es solo el 0.03% del total de votos emitidos, pero lo más relevante sería cambiar los márgenes en estos estados en menos del 0.7%. Ese margen es un poco más de la mitad del margen en 2016, aunque utilizando la misma lógica, Clinton necesitaría ganar Michigan, Wisconsin y Pensilvania, que fueron estados en los que ganó Biden. Si estos estados hubieran optado por Trump, habría habido un empate de 269 electores por cada candidato. [298] Esto habría llevado a una elección contingente., en el que el presidente es elegido por la Cámara de Representantes. Una situación similar ocurrió en 2016 (los tres estados eran Wisconsin, Michigan y Pensilvania), pero el resultado fue que el candidato con el voto popular más bajo ganó el voto del colegio electoral.
Casi todos los condados que antes se consideraban indicadores confiables de un eventual éxito en las elecciones presidenciales votaron por Trump en lugar de Biden, lo que significa que no continuaron sus rachas como condados líderes . Esto se atribuyó a la creciente polarización política en todo el país, así como a la división urbano-rural. [299]
Cada estado ganado por Biden fue ganado por más votos de los que ganó Hillary Clinton en cada estado. El margen de voto combinado de estos estados fue igual a la ganancia de Biden sobre Hillary Clinton. [300]
Convocatorias electorales
Las principales organizaciones de noticias proyectan un estado para un candidato cuando existe una alta confianza matemática de que es poco probable que el voto pendiente evite que el ganador proyectado finalmente gane el estado. Las proyecciones de las elecciones son realizadas por equipos de decisión de científicos políticos y científicos de datos. [21]
El 6 de noviembre, la organización de convocatorias de elecciones Decision Desk HQ proyectó que Biden había ganado las elecciones después de pronosticar que Biden había ganado Pensilvania. Según Decision Desk HQ (que aún no había llamado a Arizona), los 20 votos electorales de Pensilvania le dieron a Biden un total de 273 votos electorales, tres por encima del umbral para convertirlo en presidente electo . Los clientes de Decision Desk HQ , Vox y Business Insider, también convocaron la carrera en ese momento. [301] [302] [303]
En la mañana del 7 de noviembre aproximadamente a las 11:30 a.m. EST, aproximadamente tres días y medio después del cierre de las urnas, ABC News , NBC News , CBS News , Associated Press , CNN y Fox News convocaron la elección de Biden, según en proyecciones de votos en Pensilvania que lo muestran liderando fuera del umbral de recuento (0.5% en ese estado). [304] [305] [306] [307] [308] [309] Esa noche, Biden y Harris dieron discursos de victoria en Wilmington, Delaware. [310]
Seguimiento de las elecciones de la OSCE
Por invitación del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos, la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa 's (OSCE) Oficina de Instituciones Democráticas y Derechos Humanos (OIDDH), que ha seguido de elecciones en Estados Unidos desde 2002 (como lo hace para las elecciones más importantes en todos los demás países miembros de la OSCE), envió 102 observadores de 39 países. [311] [312] [313] El grupo de trabajo estaba formado por observadores a largo plazo de la oficina de la OIDDH (liderados por la ex diplomática polaca Urszula Gacek ) desplegados en 28 estados a partir de septiembre y cubriendo 15 estados el día de las elecciones, y un grupo de Los legisladores europeos que actúan como observadores a corto plazo (encabezados por el parlamentario alemán Michael Georg Link), que informa desde Maryland, Virginia, California, Nevada, Michigan, Missouri, Wisconsin y DC [311] [313] Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, se redujo a una "misión de observación electoral limitada" de la planeada originalmente 100 observadores a largo plazo y 400 observadores a corto plazo. [311]
Un informe provisional publicado por la OSCE poco antes de las elecciones señaló que muchos interlocutores de la OIDDH "expresaron serias preocupaciones sobre el riesgo de que se cuestione la legitimidad de las elecciones debido a las repetidas acusaciones del presidente en ejercicio de un proceso electoral fraudulento, y el voto por correo en particular". [311] [314] Al día siguiente de la elección, el grupo de trabajo publicó conclusiones preliminares, [312] y parte del resumen indicaba:
Las elecciones generales del 3 de noviembre fueron competitivas y bien gestionadas a pesar de las incertidumbres legales y los desafíos logísticos. En un entorno político altamente polarizado, la retórica de campaña enconada avivó las tensiones. Las medidas destinadas a asegurar las elecciones durante la pandemia desencadenaron un litigio prolongado impulsado por intereses partidistas. La incertidumbre causada por las impugnaciones legales tardías y los reclamos de evidencia deficiente sobre fraude electoral creó confusión y preocupación entre los funcionarios electorales y los votantes. Las reglas de registro e identificación de votantes en algunos estados son indebidamente restrictivas para ciertos grupos de ciudadanos. Los medios de comunicación, aunque marcadamente polarizados, proporcionaron una cobertura completa de la campaña y se esforzaron por brindar información precisa sobre la organización de las elecciones. [315]
Link afirmó que "en el mismo día de las elecciones, no pudimos ver ninguna violación" en los lugares de votación visitados por los observadores. [312] El grupo de trabajo tampoco encontró "nada inconveniente" mientras observaba el manejo de las papeletas de votación por correo en las oficinas de correos, y se citó a Gacek diciendo: "Creemos que las acusaciones de irregularidades sistémicas en estas elecciones no tienen base sólida. El sistema se ha mantenido bien ". [313] La sección de supervisión de elecciones de la OSCE debe publicar un informe más completo a principios de 2021. [313]
Resultados electorales
Los candidatos se enumeran individualmente a continuación si recibieron más del 0,1% del voto popular.
| Candidato presidencial Candidato vicepresidencial | Partido | Votos populares | % | Votos electorales | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Biden Kamala Harris | Democrático | 81,268,924 | 51,31% | 306 | 56,88% | |
| Donald Trump ( titular ) Mike Pence | Republicano | 74,216,154 | 46,86% | 232 | 43,12% | |
| Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen | Libertario | 1.865.724 | 1,18% | 0 | 0 | |
| Howie Hawkins Angela Walker | Verde | 405,704 | 0,26% | 0 | 0 | |
| Otros | 628.584 | 0,40% | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 158,383,403 | 100% | 538 | 100% | ||
| Votantes elegibles estimados y participación [316] | 239,247,182 | 66,20% | - | - | ||
Resultados por estado
| Estados ganados por Biden / Harris | |
| Estados ganados por Trump / Pence | |
| EV | Votos electorales |
| † | Resultados generales (para estados que dividen los votos electorales) |
| Biden / Harris Demócrata | Trump / Pence Republicano | Jorgensen / Cohen Libertario | Hawkins / Walker Verde | Otros | Margen | margen de oscilación | Total de votos | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votos | % | Votos | % | Votos | % | Votos | % | Votos | % | Votos | % | % | |||||||
| Ala. | 849,624 | 36,57% | - | 1,441,170 | 62,03% | 9 | 25,176 | 1,08% | - | [l] | [l] | - | 7.312 | 0,31% | - | −591,546 | −25,46% | 2,27% | 2,323,282 |
| Alaska | 153,778 | 42,77% | - | 189,951 | 52,83% | 3 | 8.897 | 2,47% | - | [metro] | [metro] | - | 6,904 | 1,92% | - | −36,173 | −10,06% | 4,67% | 359,530 |
| Arizona | 1,672,143 | 49,36% | 11 | 1,661,686 | 49,06% | - | 51,465 | 1,52% | - | 1,557 | 0,05% | - | 475 | 0,01% | - | 10,457 | 0,31% | 3,81% | 3,387,326 |
| Arca. | 423,932 | 34,78% | - | 760,647 | 62,40% | 6 | 13,133 | 1,08% | - | 2,980 | 0,24% | - | 18,377 | 1,51% | - | −336,715 | −27,62% | −0,70% | 1.219.069 |
| Calif. | 11,110,250 | 63,48% | 55 | 6,006,429 | 34,32% | - | 187,895 | 1,07% | - | 81.029 | 0,46% | - | 115,278 | 0.66% | – | 5,103,821 | 29.16% | −0.95% | 17,500,881 |
| Colo. | 1,804,352 | 55.40% | 9 | 1,364,607 | 41.90% | – | 52,460 | 1.61% | – | 8,986 | 0.28% | – | 26,575 | 0.82% | – | 439,745 | 13.50% | 8.59% | 3,256,980 |
| Conn. | 1,080,831 | 59.26% | 7 | 714,717 | 39.19% | – | 20,230 | 1.11% | – | 7,538 | 0.41% | – | 541 | 0.03% | – | 366,114 | 20.07% | 6.43% | 1,823,857 |
| Del. | 296,268 | 58.74% | 3 | 200,603 | 39.77% | – | 5,000 | 0.99% | – | 2,139 | 0.42% | – | 336 | 0.07% | – | 95,665 | 18.97% | 7.60% | 504,346 |
| D.C. | 317,323 | 92.15% | 3 | 18,586 | 5.40% | – | 2,036 | 0.59% | – | 1,726 | 0.50% | – | 4,685 | 1.36% | – | 298,737 | 86.75% | −0.03% | 344,356 |
| Florida | 5,297,045 | 47.86% | – | 5,668,731 | 51.22% | 29 | 70,324 | 0.64% | – | 14,721 | 0.13% | – | 16,635 | 0.15% | – | −371,686 | −3.36% | −2.16% | 11,067,456 |
| Georgia | 2,473,633 | 49.47% | 16 | 2,461,854 | 49.24% | – | 62,229 | 1.24% | – | 1,013 | 0.02% | – | 1,231 | 0.02% | – | 11,779 | 0.24% | 5.37% | 4,999,960 |
| Hawaii | 366,130 | 63.73% | 4 | 196,864 | 34.27% | – | 5,539 | 0.96% | – | 3,822 | 0.67% | – | 2,114 | 0.37% | – | 169,266 | 29.46% | −2.72% | 574,469 |
| Idaho | 287,021 | 33.07% | – | 554,119 | 63.84% | 4 | 16,404 | 1.89% | – | 407 | 0.05% | – | 10,063 | 1.16% | – | −267,098 | −30.77% | 1.00% | 868,014 |
| Illinois | 3,471,915 | 57.54% | 20 | 2,446,891 | 40.55% | – | 66,544 | 1.10% | – | 30,494 | 0.51% | – | 17,900 | 0.30% | – | 1,025,024 | 16.99% | −0.08% | 6,033,744 |
| Indiana | 1,242,416 | 40.96% | – | 1,729,519 | 57.02% | 11 | 59,232 | 1.95% | – | 989 | 0.03% | – | 965 | 0.03% | – | −487,103 | −16.06% | 3.11% | 3,033,121 |
| Iowa | 759,061 | 44.89% | – | 897,672 | 53.09% | 6 | 19,637 | 1.16% | – | 3,075 | 0.18% | – | 11,426 | 0.68% | – | −138,611 | −8.20% | 1.21% | 1,690,871 |
| Kansas | 570,323 | 41.56% | – | 771,406 | 56.21% | 6 | 30,574 | 2.23% | – | 669 | 0.05% | – | 1,018 | 0.07% | – | −201,083 | −14.65% | 5.95% | 1,372,303 |
| Ky. | 772,474 | 36.15% | – | 1,326,646 | 62.09% | 8 | 26,234 | 1.23% | – | 716 | 0.03% | – | 10,698 | 0.50% | – | −554,172 | −25.94% | 3.90% | 2,136,768 |
| La. | 856,034 | 39.85% | – | 1,255,776 | 58.46% | 8 | 21,645 | 1.01% | – | – | – | – | 14,607 | 0.68% | – | −399,742 | −18.61% | 1.03% | 2,148,062 |
| Maine † | 435,072 | 53.09% | 2 | 360,737 | 44.02% | – | 14,152 | 1.73% | – | 8,230 | 1.00% | – | 1,270 | 0.15% | – | 74,335 | 9.07% | 6.11% | 819,461 |
| ME-1 | 266,376 | 60.11% | 1 | 164,045 | 37.02% | – | 7,343 | 1.66% | – | 4,654 | 1.05% | – | 694 | 0.16% | – | 102,331 | 23.09% | 8.28% | 443,112 |
| ME-2 | 168,696 | 44.82% | – | 196,692 | 52.26% | 1 | 6,809 | 1.81% | – | 3,576 | 0.95% | – | 576 | 0.15% | – | −27,996 | −7.44% | 2.85% | 376,349 |
| Md. | 1,985,023 | 65.36% | 10 | 976,414 | 32.15% | – | 33,488 | 1.10% | – | 15,799 | 0.52% | – | 26,306 | 0.87% | – | 1,008,609 | 33.21% | 6.79% | 3,037,030 |
| Mass. | 2,382,202 | 65.60% | 11 | 1,167,202 | 32.14% | – | 47,013 | 1.29% | – | 18,658 | 0.51% | – | 16,327 | 0.45% | – | 1,215,000 | 33.46% | 6.26% | 3,631,402 |
| Mich. | 2,804,040 | 50.62% | 16 | 2,649,852 | 47.84% | – | 60,381 | 1.09% | – | 13,718 | 0.25% | – | 11,311 | 0.20% | – | 154,188 | 2.78% | 3.01% | 5,539,302 |
| Minn. | 1,717,077 | 52.40% | 10 | 1,484,065 | 45.28% | – | 34,976 | 1.07% | – | 10,033 | 0.31% | – | 31,020 | 0.95% | – | 233,012 | 7.11% | 5.59% | 3,277,171 |
| Miss. | 539,398 | 41.06% | – | 756,764 | 57.60% | 6 | 8,026 | 0.61% | – | 1,498 | 0.11% | – | 8,073 | 0.61% | – | −217,366 | −16.55% | 1.28% | 1,313,759 |
| Mo. | 1,253,014 | 41.41% | – | 1,718,736 | 56.80% | 10 | 41,205 | 1.36% | – | 8,283 | 0.27% | – | 4,724 | 0.16% | – | −465,722 | −15.39% | 3.25% | 3,025,962 |
| Mont. | 244,786 | 40.55% | – | 343,602 | 56.92% | 3 | 15,252 | 2.53% | – | – | – | – | 34 | 0.01% | – | −98,816 | −16.37% | 4.05% | 603,674 |
| Neb. † | 374,583 | 39.17% | – | 556,846 | 58.22% | 2 | 20,283 | 2.12% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 4,671 | 0.49% | – | −182,263 | −19.06% | 5.99% | 956,383 |
| NE-1 | 132,261 | 41.09% | – | 180,290 | 56.01% | 1 | 7,495 | 2.33% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 1,840 | 0.57% | – | −48,029 | −14.92% | 5.80% | 321,886 |
| NE-2 | 176,468 | 51.95% | 1 | 154,377 | 45.45% | – | 6,909 | 2.03% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 1,912 | 0.56% | – | 22,091 | 6.50% | 8.74% | 339,666 |
| NE-3 | 65,854 | 22.34% | – | 222,179 | 75.36% | 1 | 5,879 | 1.99% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 919 | 0.31% | – | −156,325 | −53.02% | 1.17% | 294,831 |
| Nev.[n] | 703,486 | 50.06% | 6 | 669,890 | 47.67% | – | 14,783 | 1.05% | – | – | – | – | 17,217 | 1.23% | – | 33,596 | 2.39% | −0.03% | 1,405,376 |
| N.H. | 424,937 | 52.71% | 4 | 365,660 | 45.36% | – | 13,236 | 1.64% | – | 217 | 0.03% | – | 2,155 | 0.27% | – | 59,277 | 7.35% | 6.98% | 806,205 |
| N.J.[o] | 2,608,335 | 57.33% | 14 | 1,883,274 | 41.40% | – | 31,677 | 0.70% | – | 14,202 | 0.31% | – | 11,865 | 0.26% | – | 725,061 | 15.94% | 1.84% | 4,549,353 |
| N.M. | 501,614 | 54.29% | 5 | 401,894 | 43.50% | – | 12,585 | 1.36% | – | 4,426 | 0.48% | – | 3,446 | 0.37% | – | 99,720 | 10.79% | 2.58% | 923,965 |
| N.Y.[p] | 5,230,985 | 60.86% | 29 | 3,244,798 | 37.75% | – | 60,234 | 0.70% | – | 32,753 | 0.38% | – | 26,056 | 0.30% | – | 1,986,187 | 23.11% | 0.62% | 8,594,826 |
| N.C. | 2,684,292 | 48.59% | – | 2,758,775 | 49.93% | 15 | 48,678 | 0.88% | – | 12,195 | 0.22% | – | 20,864 | 0.38% | – | −74,483 | −1.35% | 2.31% | 5,524,804 |
| N.D. | 114,902 | 31.76% | – | 235,595 | 65.11% | 3 | 9,393 | 2.60% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 1,929 | 0.53% | – | −120,693 | −33.36% | 2.37% | 361,819 |
| Ohio | 2,679,165 | 45.24% | – | 3,154,834 | 53.27% | 18 | 67,569 | 1.14% | – | 18,812 | 0.32% | – | 1,822 | 0.03% | – | −475,669 | −8.03% | 0.10% | 5,922,202 |
| Okla. | 503,890 | 32.29% | – | 1,020,280 | 65.37% | 7 | 24,731 | 1.58% | – | – | – | – | 11,798 | 0.76% | – | −516,390 | −33.09% | 3.99% | 1,560,699 |
| Oregon | 1,340,383 | 56.45% | 7 | 958,448 | 40.37% | – | 41,582 | 1.75% | – | 11,831 | 0.50% | – | 22,077 | 0.93% | – | 381,935 | 16.08% | 5.10% | 2,374,321 |
| Pa. | 3,458,229 | 50.01% | 20 | 3,377,674 | 48.84% | – | 79,380 | 1.15% | – | [q] | [q] | – | [q] | [q] | – | 80,555 | 1.16% | 1.88% | 6,915,283 |
| R.I. | 307,486 | 59.39% | 4 | 199,922 | 38.61% | – | 5,053 | 0.98% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 5,296 | 1.02% | – | 107,564 | 20.77% | 5.26% | 517,757 |
| S.C. | 1,091,541 | 43.43% | – | 1,385,103 | 55.11% | 9 | 27,916 | 1.11% | – | 6,907 | 0.27% | – | 1,862 | 0.07% | – | −293,562 | −11.68% | 2.59% | 2,513,329 |
| S.D. | 150,471 | 35.61% | – | 261,043 | 61.77% | 3 | 11,095 | 2.63% | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | −110,572 | −26.16% | 3.63% | 422,609 |
| Tenn. | 1,143,711 | 37.45% | – | 1,852,475 | 60.66% | 11 | 29,877 | 0.98% | – | 4,545 | 0.15% | – | 23,243 | 0.76% | – | −708,764 | −23.21% | 2.80% | 3,053,851 |
| Texas[r] | 5,259,126 | 46.48% | – | 5,890,347 | 52.06% | 38 | 126,243 | 1.12% | – | 33,396 | 0.30% | – | 5,944 | 0.05% | – | −631,221 | −5.58% | 3.41% | 11,315,056 |
| Utah | 560,282 | 37.65% | – | 865,140 | 58.13% | 6 | 38,447 | 2.58% | – | 5,053 | 0.34% | – | 19,367 | 1.30% | – | −304,858 | −20.48% | −2.40% | 1,488,289 |
| Vt. | 242,820 | 66.09% | 3 | 112,704 | 30.67% | – | 3,608 | 0.98% | – | 1,310 | 0.36% | – | 6,986 | 1.90% | – | 130,116 | 35.41% | 9.00% | 367,428 |
| Va. | 2,413,568 | 54.11% | 13 | 1,962,430 | 44.00% | – | 64,761 | 1.45% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 19,765 | 0.44% | – | 451,138 | 10.11% | 4.79% | 4,460,524 |
| Wash. | 2,369,612 | 57.97% | 12 | 1,584,651 | 38.77% | – | 80,500 | 1.97% | – | 18,289 | 0.45% | – | 34,579 | 0.85% | – | 784,961 | 19.20% | 3.49% | 4,087,631 |
| W.Va. | 235,984 | 29.69% | – | 545,382 | 68.62% | 5 | 10,687 | 1.34% | – | 2,599 | 0.33% | – | 79 | 0.01% | – | −309,398 | −38.93% | 3.14% | 794,731 |
| Wis. | 1,630,866 | 49.45% | 10 | 1,610,184 | 48.82% | – | 38,491 | 1.17% | – | 1,089 | 0.03% | – | 17,411 | 0.53% | – | 20,682 | 0.63% | 1.40% | 3,298,041 |
| Wyo. | 73,491 | 26.55% | – | 193,559 | 69.94% | 3 | 5,768 | 2.08% | – | [l] | [l] | – | 3,947 | 1.43% | – | −120,068 | −43.38% | 2.92% | 276,765 |
| Total | 81,268,924 | 51.31% | 306 | 74,216,154 | 46.86% | 232 | 1,865,724 | 1.18% | – | 405,704 | 0.26% | – | 628,584 | 0.40% | – | 7,052,770 | 4.45% | 2.35% | 158,383,403 |
| Biden/Harris Democratic | Trump/Pence Republican | Jorgensen/Cohen Libertarian | Hawkins/Walker Green | Others | Margin | Margin swing | Total votes | ||||||||||||
Note that two states (Maine and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates by congressional districts. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes.[323][324]
Close states
States where the margin of victory was under 1% (37 electoral votes; all won by Biden):
- Georgia, 0.24% – 16
- Arizona, 0.31% – 11
- Wisconsin, 0.63% – 10 (tipping-point state for Biden victory)[325]
States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (86 electoral votes; 42 won by Biden, 44 by Trump):
- Pennsylvania, 1.16% – 20 (tipping-point state for Trump victory)
- North Carolina, 1.35% – 15
- Nevada, 2.39% – 6
- Michigan, 2.78% – 16
- Florida, 3.36% – 29
States/districts where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (80 electoral votes; 17 won by Biden, 63 by Trump):
- Texas, 5.58% – 38
- Nebraska's 2nd congressional district, 6.50% – 1
- Minnesota, 7.11% – 10
- New Hampshire, 7.35% – 4
- Maine's 2nd congressional district, 7.44% – 1
- Ohio, 8.03% – 18
- Iowa, 8.20% – 6
- Maine, 9.07% – 2
Blue denotes states or congressional districts won by Democrat Joe Biden; red denotes those won by Republican Donald Trump.
County statistics
Counties with highest percentage of Democratic vote:[326]
- Kalawao County, Hawaii 95.8%[327]
- Washington, D.C. 92.15%
- Prince George's County, Maryland 89.26%
- Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota 88.41%
- Petersburg, Virginia 87.75%
Counties with highest percentage of Republican vote:
- Roberts County, Texas 96.18%
- Borden County, Texas 95.43%
- King County, Texas 94.97%
- Garfield County, Montana 93.97%
- Glasscock County, Texas 93.57%
Maps
Election results by county
County swing from 2016 to 2020
Election results by Congressional District.
Exit polling
Voter demographic data for 2020 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, CBS News, MSNBC, CNN, Fox News, and the Associated Press. The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 15,590 voters in person as well as by phone.[328]
| Demographic subgroup | Biden | Trump | % of total vote |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total vote | 51 | 47 | 100 |
| Ideology | |||
| Liberals | 89 | 10 | 24 |
| Moderates | 64 | 34 | 38 |
| Conservatives | 14 | 85 | 38 |
| Party | |||
| Democrats | 94 | 5 | 37 |
| Republicans | 6 | 94 | 36 |
| Independents | 54 | 41 | 26 |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 45 | 53 | 48 |
| Women | 57 | 42 | 52 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 46 | 53 | 56 |
| Unmarried | 58 | 40 | 44 |
| Gender by marital status | |||
| Married men | 44 | 55 | 30 |
| Married women | 47 | 51 | 26 |
| Unmarried men | 52 | 45 | 20 |
| Unmarried women | 63 | 36 | 23 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 41 | 58 | 67 |
| Black | 87 | 12 | 13 |
| Latino | 65 | 32 | 13 |
| Asian | 61 | 34 | 4 |
| Other | 55 | 41 | 4 |
| Gender by race/ethnicity | |||
| White men | 38 | 61 | 35 |
| White women | 44 | 55 | 32 |
| Black men | 79 | 19 | 4 |
| Black women | 90 | 9 | 8 |
| Latino men | 59 | 36 | 5 |
| Latino women | 69 | 30 | 8 |
| Other | 58 | 38 | 8 |
| Religion | |||
| Protestant/Other Christian | 39 | 60 | 43 |
| Catholic | 52 | 47 | 25 |
| Jewish | 76 | 22 | 2 |
| Other religion | 69 | 29 | 8 |
| None | 65 | 31 | 22 |
| White evangelical or born-again Christian | |||
| Yes | 24 | 76 | 28 |
| No | 62 | 36 | 72 |
| Age | |||
| 18–24 years old | 65 | 31 | 9 |
| 25–29 years old | 54 | 43 | 7 |
| 30–39 years old | 51 | 46 | 16 |
| 40–49 years old | 54 | 44 | 16 |
| 50–64 years old | 47 | 52 | 30 |
| 65 and older | 47 | 52 | 22 |
| Age by race | |||
| White 18–29 years old | 44 | 53 | 8 |
| White 30–44 years old | 41 | 57 | 14 |
| White 45–59 years old | 38 | 61 | 19 |
| White 60 and older | 42 | 57 | 26 |
| Black 18–29 years old | 89 | 10 | 3 |
| Black 30–44 years old | 78 | 19 | 4 |
| Black 45–59 years old | 89 | 10 | 3 |
| Black 60 and older | 92 | 7 | 3 |
| Latino 18–29 years old | 69 | 28 | 4 |
| Latino 30–44 years old | 62 | 34 | 4 |
| Latino 45–59 years old | 68 | 30 | 3 |
| Latino 60 and older | 58 | 40 | 2 |
| Others | 57 | 38 | 8 |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| LGBT | 64 | 27 | 7 |
| Non-LGBT | 51 | 48 | 93 |
| First time voter | |||
| Yes | 64 | 32 | 14 |
| No | 49 | 49 | 86 |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 46 | 54 | 19 |
| Some college education | 51 | 47 | 23 |
| Associate degree | 47 | 50 | 16 |
| Bachelor's degree | 51 | 47 | 27 |
| Postgraduate degree | 62 | 37 | 15 |
| Education by race | |||
| White college graduates | 51 | 48 | 32 |
| White no college degree | 32 | 67 | 35 |
| Non-white college graduates | 70 | 27 | 10 |
| Non-white no college degree | 72 | 26 | 24 |
| Education by race/gender | |||
| White women with college degrees | 54 | 45 | 14 |
| White women without college degrees | 36 | 63 | 17 |
| White men with college degrees | 48 | 51 | 17 |
| White men without college degrees | 28 | 70 | 18 |
| Non-White | 71 | 26 | 33 |
| Income | |||
| Under $30,000 | 54 | 46 | 15 |
| $30,000–49,999 | 56 | 44 | 20 |
| $50,000–99,999 | 57 | 42 | 39 |
| $100,000–199,999 | 41 | 58 | 20 |
| Over $200,000 | 44 | 44 | 7 |
| Union households | |||
| Yes | 56 | 40 | 20 |
| No | 50 | 49 | 80 |
| Military service | |||
| Veterans | 44 | 54 | 15 |
| Non-veterans | 53 | 45 | 85 |
| Issue regarded as most important | |||
| Racial inequality | 92 | 7 | 20 |
| Coronavirus | 81 | 15 | 17 |
| Economy | 17 | 83 | 35 |
| Crime and safety | 27 | 71 | 11 |
| Health care | 62 | 37 | 11 |
| Region | |||
| East | 58 | 41 | 20 |
| Midwest | 47 | 51 | 23 |
| South | 46 | 53 | 35 |
| West | 57 | 41 | 22 |
| Area type | |||
| Urban | 60 | 38 | 29 |
| Suburban | 50 | 48 | 51 |
| Rural | 42 | 57 | 19 |
| Family's financial situation today | |||
| Better than four years ago | 26 | 72 | 41 |
| Worse than four years ago | 77 | 20 | 20 |
| About the same | 65 | 34 | 39 |
The Brookings Institution released a report entitled "Exit polls show both familiar and new voting blocs sealed Biden's win" on November 12, 2020. In it, author William H. Frey attributes Obama's 2008 win to young people, people of color, and the college educated. Frey contends Trump won in 2016 thanks to older White without college degrees.[330] Frey says that the same coalitions largely held in 2008 and 2016, although in key battleground states Biden increased his vote among some of the 2016 Trump groups, particularly among White and older Americans.[330] Trump won the white vote in 2016 by 20% but in 2020 by only 17%. The Democratic Party won black voters by 75%, the lowest margin since 2004. Democrats won the Latino vote by 33%, which is also the smallest margin since 2004, and they won the Asian American vote by 27%, the lowest figure since 2008.[330] Biden reduced the Republican margin of white men without college educations from 48% to 42% and made a slight improvement of 2% among white, college-educated women. People age 18 to 29 registered a rise in Democratic support between 2016 and 2020, with the Democratic margin of victory among that demographic increasing from 19% to 24%.[330]
Voting patterns by ethnicity
Latino voters
Biden won 65% of the Latino vote. Voto Latino reported that the Latino vote was crucial to the Biden victory in Arizona. 40% of Latino voters who voted in 2020 did not vote in 2016, and 73% of Latino voters voted for Biden (438,000 voters).[331] Others note that the failure of Democrats to win in Florida and Texas was because of the Biden campaign's treatment of Latino as a monolithic voting bloc. While Democrats won most Latino voters in both of these states, they failed to win over Cuban American voters in Miami-Dade County, Florida and fourth-and-fifth generation, English-speaking Tejanos in South Texas at the rates they had in the past.[332] However, the Latino vote was still crucial to enable Biden to carry states such as Nevada.[333]
Demographic patterns emerged having to do with country of origin and candidate preference. Pre- and post-election surveys showed Biden winning Latino of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican,[334] and Spanish heritage,[335] while Trump carried Latinos of Cuban heritage. Data from Florida showed Biden holding a narrow edge among South Americans.[336]
Black voters
Biden won 87% of the Black vote. This vote was crucial in the large cities of Pennsylvania and Michigan; the increase in the Democratic vote in Milwaukee County of about 28,000 votes was more than the 20,000-vote lead Biden had in the state of Wisconsin. Almost half of Biden's gains in Georgia came from the four largest counties—Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, and Cobb—all in the Atlanta metro area with large Black populations.[337] However, Trump also improved on his share of the black vote in 2016 by 4% and doubled the black vote Mitt Romney got in 2012.[338][339][340]
Asian American and Pacific Island voters
Polls showed that 68% of Asian American and Pacific Island voters (AAPI voters) supported Biden/Harris while 28% supported Trump/Pence. Karthick Ramakrishnan, a political science professor at the University of California Riverside and founder of AAPI Data, said, "From all of the data that we’ve seen, it’s safe to say Asian Americans supported Biden over Trump ... backing Democrats at a roughly 2:1 ratio." However, this overall tendency overlooks differences between subgroups: Korean Americans, Japanese Americans, Indian Americans, and Chinese Americans favored Biden by higher margins overall compared to Vietnamese Americans and Filipino Americans.[341] Many voters were turned off by Trump's racist language ("China virus" and "kung flu") but, according to Vox reporter Terry Nguyen, some Vietnamese voters (and especially elderly, South Vietnamese migrants who populated coastal centers in the 1970s) appreciated his strong anti-China stance.[342]
American voters with background from India
Data from FiveThirtyEight indicated 65% of Indian American voters backed Joe Biden, and 28% supported Donald Trump.[341] Many Indian Americans self-identified with Kamala Harris, but others approved of Donald Trump's anti-Muslim rhetoric and support of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[343] In a speech given to 50,000 Indian-Americans during his 2019 visit to the US, Modi praised Trump with remarks that were interpreted as an indirect endorsement of his candidacy.[344] Indian right-wing organizations like the Hindu Sena had performed special havans and pujas for Trump's electoral victory.[345]
During the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, a group of Trump supporters held a Indian flag quite prominently. It was held by a US citizen of Indian origin hailing from Kochi in Southern India.[346] Varun Gandhi, a senior parliamentarian from India's ruling BJP, expressed surprise and disapproval of the prominent display of the Indian flag by some of the protestors in one of his tweets. However, opposition Indian National Congress leader Shashi Tharoor equated the mentality of some Indians with that of Trump supporters.[347]
American Indian and Alaska Native voters
Pre-election voter surveys by Indian Country Today found 68% of Native voters supporting Democratic nominee Joe Biden.[348] In particular, the Navajo Reservation, which spans a large quadrant of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, delivered up to 97% of their votes per precinct to Biden,[349] while overall support for Biden was between 60 and 90% on the Reservation.[350] Biden also posted large turnout among Havasupai, Hopi, and Tohono O'odham peoples,[351] delivering a large win in New Mexico and flipping Arizona.
In Montana, while the state went for Trump overall, counties overlapping reservations of the Blackfeet, Fort Belknap, Crow and Northern Cheyenne went blue.[352] The same pattern holds in South Dakota: counties overlapping the lands of the Standing Rock Sioux, Cheyenne River Sioux, Oglala Sioux, Rosebud Sioux and Crow Creek tribes went for Biden. For example, in Oglala Lakota County, which overlaps with the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Biden scored 88% of the vote.[352]
Trump's strongest performance was among the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, where he won a strong majority in Robeson County and flipped Scotland County from blue to red.[353] Trump had campaigned in Lumberton and promised the Lumbees federal recognition.[353]
Polling accuracy
Although polls generally predicted the Biden victory, the national polls were moderately imprecise by about 3–4 points, and some state polling was even further from the actual result, greater than 2016's error of around 1–2 points. This also applied in several Senate races, where the Democrats also underperformed by around 5 points relative to the polls,[354] as well as the House elections, where Republicans gained seats instead of losing as polls predicted. Most pollsters underestimated support for Trump in several key battleground states, including Florida, Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas and Wisconsin; a notable exception was Ann Selzer, who accurately predicted Republican victories in Iowa for the presidential and Senate races. The discrepancy between poll predictions and the actual result persisted from the 2016 election despite pollsters' attempts to fix problems with polling in 2016, in which they underestimated the Republican vote in several states. The imprecise polls led to changes in campaigning and fundraising decisions for both Democrats and Republicans.[355]
According to The New York Times, polling misses have been attributed to, among other issues, reduced average response to polling; the relative difficulty to poll certain types of voters; and pandemic-related problems, such as a theory which suggests Democrats were less willing to vote in person on Election Day than Republicans for fear of contracting COVID-19.[355] New Statesman data journalist Ben Walker pointed to Hispanics as a historically difficult group to poll accurately, leading to pollsters underestimating the level of Trump support within the demographic group.[356] Election analyst Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight claimed that the polling error was completely normal by historical standards and disputes the narrative that polls were wrong.[357]
Aftermath
Election night
Election night, November 3, ended without a clear winner, as many state results were too close to call and millions of votes remained uncounted, including in the battleground states of Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia, Arizona and Nevada.[358] Results were delayed in these states due to local rules on counting mail-in ballots. In a victory declared after midnight, Trump won the swing state of Florida by over three percentage points, an increase from his 1.2 percentage point margin in 2016, having seen significant gains in support among the Latino community in Miami-Dade County.[359]
Shortly after 12:30 a.m. EST, Biden made a short speech in which he urged his supporters to be patient while the votes are counted, and said he believed he was "on track to win this election".[360][361] Shortly before 2:30 a.m. EST, Trump made a speech to a roomful of supporters, falsely asserting that he had won the election and calling for a stop to all vote counting, saying that continued counting was "a fraud on the American people" and that "we will be going to the U.S. Supreme Court."[362][363] The Biden campaign denounced these attempts, claiming that the Trump campaign was engaging in a "naked effort to take away the democratic rights of American citizens".[364]
Late counting
In Pennsylvania, where the counting of mail-in ballots began on election night, Trump declared victory on November 4 with a lead of 675,000 votes, despite more than a million ballots remaining uncounted. Trump also declared victory in North Carolina and Georgia, despite many ballots being uncounted.[365] At 11:20 p.m. EST on election night, Fox News projected Biden would win Arizona, with the Associated Press making the same call at 2:50 a.m. EST on November 4;[366][367] however, several other media outlets concluded the state was too close to call.[368][369] By the evening of November 4, the Associated Press reported that Biden had secured 264 electoral votes by winning Michigan and Wisconsin, with Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia, and Nevada remaining uncalled.[370] Biden had a 1% lead in Nevada[371] and maintained a 2.3% lead in Arizona by November 5,[372] needing only to win Nevada and Arizona or win Pennsylvania to obtain the necessary 270 electoral votes.[370]
Some Trump supporters expressed concerns of possible fraud after seeing the president leading in some states on Election Night, only to see Biden take the lead in subsequent days. Election experts attributed this to several factors, including a "red mirage" of early results being counted in relatively thinly-populated rural areas that favored Trump, which are quicker to count, followed later by results from more heavily populated urban areas that favored Biden, which take longer to count. In some states like Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, Republican-controlled legislatures prohibited mail-in ballots from being counted before Election Day, and once those ballots were counted they generally favored Biden, at least in part because Trump had for months raised concerns about mail-in ballots, causing those ballots to favor Biden even more. By contrast, in states such as Florida, which allowed counting of mail-in ballots for weeks prior to Election Day, an early blue shift giving the appearance of a Biden lead was later overcome by in-person voting that favored Trump, resulting in the state being called for the president on Election Night.[373][374][375]
On November 5, a federal judge dismissed a lawsuit by the Trump campaign to stop vote-counting in Pennsylvania. The Trump campaign had alleged that its observers were not given access to observe the vote, but its lawyers admitted during the hearing that its observers were already present in the vote-counting room.[376] Also that day, a state judge dismissed another lawsuit by the Trump campaign that alleged that in Georgia, late-arriving ballots were counted. The judge ruled no evidence had been produced that the ballots were late.[377] Meanwhile, a state judge in Michigan dismissed the Trump campaign's lawsuit requesting a pause in vote-counting to allow access to observers, as the judge noted that vote-counting had already finished in Michigan.[378] That judge also noted the official complaint did not state "why", "when, where, or by whom" an election observer was allegedly blocked from observing ballot-counting in Michigan.[379]
On November 6, Biden assumed leads in Pennsylvania and Georgia as the states continued to count ballots, and absentee votes in those states heavily favored Biden.[380] Due to the slim margin between Biden and Trump in the state, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger announced on November 6 that a recount would be held in Georgia. At that point, Georgia had not seen "any widespread irregularities" in this election, according to the voting system manager of the state, Gabriel Sterling.[381]
Also on November 6, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito issued an order requiring officials in Pennsylvania to segregate late-arriving ballots, amid a dispute as to whether the state's Supreme Court validly ordered a 3-day extension of the deadline for mail-in ballots to arrive.[382] Several Republican attorneys general filed amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court in subsequent days agreeing with the Pennsylvania Republican Party's view that only the state legislature could change the voting deadline.[383]
By November 7, several prominent Republicans had publicly denounced Trump's claims of electoral fraud, saying they were unsubstantiated, baseless or without evidence, damaging to the election process, undermining democracy and dangerous to political stability while others supported his demand of transparency.[384] According to CNN, people close to Donald Trump, such as his son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner and his wife Melania Trump, urged him to accept his defeat. While Donald Trump privately acknowledged the outcome of the presidential election, he nonetheless encouraged his legal team to continue pursuing legal challenges.[385] Trump expected to win the election in Arizona, but when Fox News awarded said state to Joe Biden, Trump became furious and claimed that Joe Biden's victory in Arizona was the result of fraud.[386]Trump and his allies suffered approximately 50 legal losses in four weeks after starting their litigation.[387] In view of these legal defeats, Trump began to employ "a public pressure campaign on state and local Republican officials to manipulate the electoral system on his behalf."[386][388][389][390]
Election protests
Protests against Trump's challenges to the election results took place in Minneapolis, Portland, New York, and other cities. Police in Minneapolis arrested more than 600 demonstrators for blocking traffic on an interstate highway. In Portland, the National Guard was called out after some protesters smashed windows and threw objects at police.[391] At the same time, groups of Trump supporters gathered outside of election centers in Phoenix, Detroit, and Philadelphia, shouting objections to counts that showed Biden leading or gaining ground.[391] In Arizona, where Biden's lead was shrinking as more results were reported, the pro-Trump protesters mostly demanded that all remaining votes be counted, while in Michigan and Pennsylvania, where Trump's lead shrank and disappeared altogether as more results were reported, they called for the count to be stopped.[392]
Claims of fraud
Trump and a variety of his surrogates and supporters made a series of false claims that the election was fraudulent. Claims that substantial fraud was committed have been repeatedly debunked.[395][396] On November 9 and 10, The New York Times called the offices of top election officials in every state; all of the 45 state officials who responded stated that there was no evidence of fraud. Some described the election as remarkably successful considering the coronavirus pandemic, the record turnout, and the unprecedented number of mailed ballots.[26] On November 12, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency issued a statement calling the 2020 election "the most secure in American history" and noting "[t]here is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised".[14]
As ballots were still being counted two days after Election Day, Trump asserted without evidence that there was "tremendous corruption and fraud going on", adding: "If you count the legal votes, I easily win. If you count the illegal votes, they can try to steal the election from us."[397] Trump has repeatedly claimed that the results of mail-in ballots showing significantly more support for Biden is suspicious.[398] This is a common phenomenon known as the blue shift, since more Democrats than Republicans tend to vote by mail, and mail ballots are counted after Election Day in many states. Leading up to the 2020 election, the effect was predicted to be even greater than usual, as Trump's attacks on mail-in voting may have deterred Republicans from casting mail ballots.[399]
Many claims of purported voter fraud were discovered to be false or misleading. In Fulton County, Georgia the number of votes affected was 342, with no breakdown of which candidates they were for.[400] A viral video of a Pennsylvania poll worker filling out a ballot was found to be a case of a damaged ballot being replicated to ensure proper counting, while a video claimed to show a man taking ballots illegally to a Detroit counting center was found to be actually depicting a photographer transporting his equipment.[401][402] Another video of a poll watcher being turned away in Philadelphia was found to be real, but the poll watcher had subsequently been allowed inside after a misunderstanding had been resolved.[403] A tweet that went viral claimed that 14,000 votes in Wayne County, Michigan—which encompasses Detroit—were cast by dead people, but the list of names included was found to be incorrect.[404] The Trump campaign and Tucker Carlson also claimed a James Blalock had voted in Georgia despite having died in 2006, though his 94-year-old widow had registered and voted as Mrs. James E. Blalock.[405] In Erie, Pennsylvania, a postal worker who claimed that the postmaster had instructed postal workers to backdate ballots mailed after Election Day later admitted he had fabricated the claim. Prior to his recantation, Republican senator Lindsey Graham cited the claim in a letter to the Justice Department calling for an investigation, and the worker was praised as a patriot on a GoFundMe page created in his name that raised $136,000.[406]
Days after Biden had been declared the winner, White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany asserted without evidence that the Democratic Party was welcoming fraud and illegal voting.[407] Republican former speaker of the House Newt Gingrich stated on Fox News, "I think that it is a corrupt, stolen election."[408] Appearing at a press conference outside a Philadelphia landscaping business as Biden was being declared the winner, Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani asserted without evidence that hundreds of thousands of ballots were questionable.[409] Responding to Giuliani, a spokesperson for Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro said "Many of the claims against the commonwealth have already been dismissed, and repeating these false attacks is reckless. No active lawsuit even alleges, and no evidence presented so far has shown, widespread problems."[26]
One week after the election, Republican Philadelphia city commissioner Al Schmidt said he had not seen any evidence of widespread fraud, stating, "I have seen the most fantastical things on social media, making completely ridiculous allegations that have no basis in fact at all and see them spread." He added that his office had examined a list of dead people who purportedly voted in Philadelphia but "not a single one of them voted in Philadelphia after they died." Trump derided Schmidt, tweeting, "He refuses to look at a mountain of corruption & dishonesty. We win!"[410]
Attorneys who brought accusations of voting fraud or irregularities before judges were unable to produce actual evidence to support the allegations. In one instance, a Trump attorney sought to have ballot counting halted in Detroit on the basis of a claim by a Republican poll watcher that she had been told by an unidentified person that ballots were being backdated; Michigan Court of Appeals judge Cynthia Stephens dismissed the argument as "inadmissible hearsay within hearsay."[411][412] Some senior attorneys at law firms working on Trump's behalf, notably Jones Day, expressed concerns that they were helping to undermine the integrity of American elections by advancing arguments lacking evidence.[413]
Trump and his lawyers Giuliani and Sidney Powell repeatedly made the false claim that the Toronto, Canada-based firm Dominion Voting Systems, which had supplied voting machines for 27 states, was a "communist" organization controlled by billionaire George Soros, former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez (who died in 2013), or the Chinese Communist Party, and that the machines had "stolen" hundreds of thousands of votes from Trump. The false claims about the company circulated on social media, amplified by more than a dozen tweets or retweets by Trump. The disinformation campaign prompted threats and harassment against Dominion employees.[414]
A December 2020 poll showed 77% of Republicans believe widespread fraud occurred during the election. 35% of independent voters also said they believe widespread voter fraud took place.[415] Overall, 60% of Americans believed Biden's win was legitimate, 34% did not, and 6% were unsure. Another poll taken in late December showed a similar result, with 62% of Americans polled believing Biden was the legitimate winner of the election, while 37% did not.[416] This split in popular opinion remained largely stable, with a January 10, 2021, poll commissioned by ABC News showing 68% of Americans believed Biden's win was legitimate and 32% did not.[417]
Lawsuits
After the election, the Trump campaign filed a number of lawsuits in multiple states, including Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, and Pennsylvania.[418] Lawyers and other observers have noted the suits are unlikely to have an effect on the outcome. Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt said, "There's literally nothing that I've seen yet with the meaningful potential to affect the final result".[419]Some law firms have moved to drop their representation in lawsuits challenging results of the election.[420]
On December 20, Giuliani filed a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court, asking them to overturn the results of the Pennsylvania election and direct the state legislature to appoint electors. The Supreme Court was regarded as very unlikely to grant this petition, and even if they did, it would not alter the election outcome, since Biden would still have a majority of Electoral College votes without Pennsylvania.[421] The Court set the deadline for reply briefs from the respondents for January 22, 2021, two days after President Elect Biden's inauguration.[422]
Texas v. Pennsylvania
On December 9, Ken Paxton, the Attorney General of Texas, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the United States, asking the court to overturn the results in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Georgia. Attorney generals of seventeen other states also signed onto the lawsuit.[423][424][425] 126 Republicans in the House of Representatives, more than two-thirds of the Republican caucus, signed an amicus brief in support of the lawsuit.[426] The suit was rejected by the Supreme Court on December 11.[427][428]
Trump's refusal to concede
Early in the morning on November 4, with vote counts still going on in many states, Trump claimed that he had won.[429] For weeks after the networks had called the election for Biden, Trump refused to acknowledge that Biden had won. Biden described Trump's refusal as "an embarrassment".[430] The General Services Administration (GSA) was blocking preparations for a transfer of power from proceeding.[431] The White House ordered government agencies not to cooperate with the Biden transition team in any way.[432] Starting in 1896 when William Jennings Bryan began the tradition of formal concession by sending a congratulatory telegram to President-elect William McKinley, every losing major party presidential candidate has formally conceded.[433]
Trump acknowledged Biden's victory in a tweet on November 15, although he refused to concede and blamed his loss on fraud, stating: "He won because the Election was Rigged." Trump then tweeted: "I concede NOTHING! We have a long way to go."[434][435]
GSA delays certifying Biden as president-elect
Although all major media outlets called the election for Biden on November 7, the head of the General Services Administration (GSA), Trump appointee Emily W. Murphy, refused for over two weeks to certify Biden as the president-elect. Without formal GSA certification or "ascertainment" of the winner of the election, the official transition process was delayed.[436] On November 23, Murphy acknowledged Biden as the winner[s] and said the Trump administration would begin the formal transition process. Trump said he had instructed his administration to "do what needs to be done" but did not concede, and indicated he intended to continue his fight to overturn the election results.[438]
Suggestion to have state legislatures choose Electoral College voters
Prior to and following the election, Trump and others within the Republican Party have considered asking Republican state legislatures to select their states' electors as a way to secure a Trump reelection, in the event of a Biden victory.[439] In Pennsylvania, the president's personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani asked a federal judge to consider ordering the state legislature to select the electors.[440] Legal experts, including New York University law professor Richard Pildes, have said that such a strategy would run into numerous legal and political problems, noting that in various battleground states, Democratic Party members elected to statewide offices would thwart such efforts,[441] and ultimately Congress likely would not accept the votes of legislatively appointed electors over those appointed based on the election results.[442] Lawrence Lessig noted that while the Constitution grants state legislatures the power to determine how electors are selected, including the power to directly appoint them, Article II, Section 1, Clause 4 gives Congress the power to determine when electors must be appointed, which they have designated to be Election Day, meaning that legislatures cannot change how electors are appointed for an election after this date.[443] In modern times, most states have used a popular vote within their state as the determining factor in who gets all of the state's electors,[441] and changing election rules after an election has been conducted could also violate the Constitution's Due Process Clause.[444]
Attempts to delay or deny election results
In November Trump focused his efforts on trying to delay vote certifications in counties and states.[445] On December 2, Trump posted a 46-minute video to his social media in which he repeated his baseless claims that the election was "rigged" and fraudulent, and called for either the state legislatures or the courts to overturn the results of the election and allow him to stay in office.[446] He continued to apply pressure to elected Republicans in Michigan, Georgia, and Pennsylvania in an unprecedented attempt to overturn the election result. Commentators have characterised Trump's actions as an attempted coup d'état or self-coup.[36]
On December 15, the day after the electoral college vote, Republican Senate Majority leader Mitch McConnell, who was previously among those who would not recognize the election results, publicly accepted Biden's win, stating: "Today, I want to congratulate President-elect Joe Biden."[447]
Multiple news media reported that at a December 18 meeting in the White House, there was discussion of Mike Flynn's suggestion to overturn the election by invoking martial law and rerunning the election in several swing states under military supervision.[448][449][450] Army Secretary Ryan D. McCarthy and Army Chief of Staff General James McConville later issued a joint statement saying: "There is no role for the U.S. military in determining the outcome of an American election."[451] In a December 20 tweet, Trump dismissed the accusations of wanting to declare martial law as "fake news."[452]
In a December 21 news conference, outgoing Attorney General William Barr disavowed several actions reportedly being considered by Trump, including seizing voting machines, appointing a special counsel to investigate voter fraud, and appointing one to investigate Hunter Biden.[453]
On January 6, 2021, at the same time as a rally held by Trump where he continued to press false claims of election fraud, a crowd of Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol, interrupting the Joint session of the United States Congress where the official Electoral College ballots were being certified. The crowd caused widespread vandalism to the Capitol and forced lawmakers to evacuate the chambers where debate was occurring. As part of an organized effort by Republican lawmakers to challenge the results in close states, the two Houses were meeting separately to debate the results of Arizona's election and accepting the electoral college ballots submitted. Several other challenges were also planned. After the interruption, while leaders of both parties, including Vice President Pence, Speaker Pelosi, and Senate Majority Leader McConnell, all denounced the disruption and called on lawmakers to confirm the results, several Republicans pressed forward with their challenges, though they were unsuccessful in changing any of the electoral college results and the official vote was certified in the early morning hours of January 7.[454][455][456]
Pressure on state and local officials
As the Trump campaign's lawsuits were repeatedly rejected in court, Trump personally communicated with Republican local and state officials in at least three states, including state legislators, attorneys general, and governors who had supported him in the general election and continued to support him. He pressured them to overturn the election results in their states by recounting votes, throwing out certain votes, or getting the state legislature to replace the elected Democratic slate of Electoral College members with a Republican slate of electors chosen by the legislature.[457] In late November, he personally phoned Republican members of two county electoral boards in Michigan, trying to get them to reverse their certification of the result in their county.[458] He then invited members of the Michigan state legislature to the White House, where they declined his suggestion that they choose a new slate of electors.[459] He repeatedly spoke to the Republican governor of Georgia and the secretary of state, demanding that they reverse their state's election results, threatening them with political retaliation when they did not, strongly criticizing them in speeches and tweets, and demanding that the governor resign.[460]
During the first week of December Trump twice phoned the speaker of the Pennsylvania state House of Representatives, urging him to appoint a replacement slate of electors; the speaker said he did not have that power but later joined in a letter encouraging the state's representatives in Congress to dispute the results.[457] In a phone call January 2, Trump pressured Georgia secretary of state Brad Raffensperger to overturn the state's result, telling him "I just want to find 11,780 votes" and threatening him with legal action if he did not cooperate.[32][461] On January 4, 2021, Democratic congressional leaders, believing Trump "engaged in solicitation of, or conspiracy to commit, a number of election crimes", requested the FBI to investigate the incident.[462] In addition, while some House Republicans tried to defend Trump's Georgia call, Democrats began drafting a censure resolution.[463] Also on January 2, 2021, Trump took part in a mass phone call with nearly 300 state legislators from Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, in which he urged them to "decertify" the election results in their states.[464]
Recounts
On November 11, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger ordered a statewide hand recount of the vote in addition to the normal audit process. At the time, Biden held a lead of 14,112 votes, or 0.3% in the state.[465] The audit was concluded on November 19 and affirmed Biden's lead by 12,670 votes. The change in the count was due to a number of human errors, including memory cards that did not upload properly to the state servers, and was not attributable to any fraud in the original tally.[466] After certifying the results Republican Governor Brian Kemp called for another hand audit, demanding to compare signatures on absentee ballot requests to actual ballots, despite the fact that this request was impossible,[467] as signatures on mail-in ballot applications and envelopes are checked when they are originally received by election offices, and that ballots are thereafter separated from envelopes to ensure the secrecy of the ballot.[468][469] The Trump campaign requested a machine recount, which was estimated to cost taxpayers $200,000 in one Georgia county alone.[470] This recount reaffirmed Biden's victory in the state for the third time.[467]
Trump unsuccessfully sought to overturn Biden's win in Georgia through litigation; suits by the Trump campaign and allies were rejected by both the Georgia Supreme Court[471] and by federal courts.[467][472] Trump also sought to overturn Biden's win by pressuring Kemp to call a special session of the Georgia General Assembly so that state legislators could override the Georgia election results and appoint a pro-Trump slate of electors, an entreaty rebuffed by Kemp.[473]
On November 18, the Trump campaign wired $3 million to pay for partial recounts in Milwaukee County and Dane County, Wisconsin, where Milwaukee and Madison, the two largest cities in the state and Democratic strongholds, are located.[474] During the recount, Milwaukee County election commissioner Tim Posnanski stated that several Republican observers were breaking rules by posing as independents. The recount started November 20[475] and concluded on November 29, with the recount increasing Biden's lead by 87 votes.[476]
Electoral College votes
The presidential electors met in the state capitol of each state and in the District of Columbia on December 14, 2020, and formalized Biden's victory, casting 306 votes for Biden/Harris and 232 votes for Trump/Pence.[477][478] Unlike the 2016 election, there were no faithless electors.[479] In six swing states won by Biden, groups of self-appointed Republican "alternate electors" met on the same day to vote for Trump. These alternate slates were not signed by the governors of the states they claim to represent, did not have the backing of any state legislature, and have no legal status.[478][480]
Even after the casting of the electoral votes, and rejection of his lawsuits seeking to overturn the election by at least 86 judges,[478] Trump refused to concede defeat.[477][478][481] In a speech following the Electoral College vote, Biden praised the resiliency of U.S. democratic institutions and the high election turnout (calling it "one of the most amazing demonstrations of civic duty we've ever seen in our country") and called for national unity. Biden also condemned Trump, and those who backed his efforts to subvert the election outcome, for adopting a stance "so extreme that we've never seen it before—a position that refused to respect the will of the people, refused to respect the rule of law and refused to honor our Constitution" and for exposing state election workers and officials to "political pressure, verbal abuse and even threats of physical violence" that was "simply unconscionable."[482][481]
Certification of Electoral College votes
The 117th United States Congress first convened on January 3, 2021, and was scheduled to count and certify the Electoral College votes on January 6, 2021. At that time the state of the parties in the new Congress was 222 Democrats and 212 Republicans in the House, and 51 Republicans, 46 Democrats and 2 independents in the Senate. Several Republican members of the House and Senate said they would raise objections to the reported count in several states,[483][484] meeting the requirement that if a member from each body objects, the two houses must meet separately to discuss whether to accept the certified state vote.[485][486] A statement from the vice president's office said that Pence welcomes the plan by Republicans to "raise objections and bring forward evidence" challenging the election results.[487]
On December 28, 2020, Representative Louie Gohmert filed a lawsuit in Texas challenging the constitutionality of the Electoral Count Act of 1887, claiming Vice President Pence has the power and ability to unilaterally decide which slates of electoral votes get counted.[488][489] The case was dismissed on January 1, 2021, for lack of both standing and jurisdiction.[490][491] The plaintiffs filed an appeal, and the appeal was dismissed by a three-judge panel of the appeals court the next day.[492]
As vice president, Pence was due to preside over the January 6, 2021, congressional session to count the electoral votes, which is normally a non-controversial, ceremonial event. In January 2021, Trump began to pressure Pence to take action to overturn the election, demanding both in public and in private that Pence use that position to overturn the election results in swing states and declare Trump and Pence the winners of the election.[493] Pence demurred that the law does not give him that power.[494]
Starting in December Trump called for his supporters to stage a massive protest in Washington, D.C. on January 6 to argue against certification of the electoral vote, using tweets such as "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!"[495] D.C. police were concerned, and the National Guard was alerted because several rallies in December had turned violent.[496] On January 6, Trump supporters stormed the Capitol, stopping the count of the votes and prompting an evacuation of press and lawmakers.[497] The group entered the House and Senate chambers and vandalized offices. Five people died as a result of the events in the Capitol: one person was shot by police, one Capitol Police officer died from his injuries after physically engaging with rioters,[498] one person died of a heart attack, another of a stroke, and the final person's death is still under investigation. Trump has been accused of inciting the violence with his rhetoric,[499] an accusation that was reinforced with an article of impeachment filed on January 13 for "incitement of insurrection".[500]
Congress reconvened that same night, after the Capitol was cleared of trespassers. The Senate resumed its session at around 8:00 p.m. on January 6 to finish debating the objection to the Arizona electors. Objections to the Pennsylvania electors were also considered. The joint session completed its work shortly before 4:00 a.m. on Thursday, January 7, declaring Biden the winner.[501][502][503]
Post-certification
On January 11, 2021, Representative Cori Bush filed a resolution calling for the possible expulsion of more than 100 Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives who voted against certifying results of the presidential election and Senator Sheldon Whitehouse said the Senate Ethics Committee "must consider the expulsion, or censure and punishment, of Sens. Cruz, Hawley, and perhaps others."[504]
See also
- Business Plot – 1933 attempt to overthrow the United States government
- International reactions to the 2020 United States presidential election
- Protests against Donald Trump
- Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election
- 2020 United States gubernatorial elections
Notes
- ^ a b About 64% of voters voted early before November 3 in person or by mail, with the earliest state starting on September 4.[1][2]
- ^ Trump's official state of residence was New York in the 2016 election but has since changed to Florida, with his permanent residence switching from Trump Tower to Mar-a-Lago in 2019.[4]
- ^ The previous two female vice presidential nominees were Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 and Sarah Palin in 2008.
- ^ Although claimed in Hawkins's campaign website, he did not obtain write-in access in Montana.[76]
- ^ Candidates in bold were listed on ballots of states representing most of the electoral college. Other candidates were listed on ballots of more than one state and were listed on ballots or were write-in candidates in states representing most of the electoral college.
- ^ In some states, some presidential candidates were listed with a different or no vice presidential candidate.
- ^ In some states, some candidates were listed with a different or additional party, a label, or as independent or unaffiliated.
- ^ Andrew Johnson received votes during the 1868 Democratic National Convention, four months after having been impeached.[96]
- ^ Following the cancellation of the planned second debate on October 9, both candidates held separate but simultaneous televised town hall events on the intended date of October 15. Trump's was broadcast on NBC, moderated by Savannah Guthrie, while Biden's was on ABC, moderated by George Stephanopoulos.[254]
- ^ a b Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
- ^ Tossup: 50%–59%, Lean: 60%–74%, Likely: 75%–94%, Solid: 95%–100%
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r These candidates may have received write-in votes, which were not reported individually and are included in others.
- ^ a b Votes for Jesse Ventura and Cynthia McKinney, who were nominated to the ballot by the Green Party of Alaska instead of the national candidates,[319] are included in others. Hawkins/Walker may have received write-in votes, which were not reported individually and are also included in others.
- ^ Others and total votes include votes for the ballot option "none of these candidates", which are counted as valid votes by the Federal Election Commission.
- ^ Additional candidates may have received write-in votes, which were not reported and are not included in others, total votes or percentages.
- ^ This table reflects the results certified by the state, which recorded fewer votes in Suffolk County than those reported by the county.[320]
- ^ a b c d These candidates may have received write-in votes, which were not reported and are not reflected in total votes or percentages.
- ^ This table reflects the results certified by the state, which recorded some write-in votes differently from those reported by some counties.[321][322]
- ^ "[T]he GSA Administrator ascertains the apparent successful candidate once a winner is clear based on the process laid out in the Constitution."[437]
References
- ^ Knight, Stef W.; Ahmed, Naema (August 13, 2020). "When and how to vote in all 50 states". Axios.
- ^ McDonald, Michael (November 6, 2020). "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics". U.S. Elections Project.
- ^ 2020 November General Election Turnout Rates, United States Election Project. This turnout figure is the estimated number of ballots counted (including ballots without a valid vote for president) divided by the estimated number of eligible voters (U.S. residents, excluding those ineligible to vote due to lack of U.S. citizenship or to a criminal conviction, and U.S. citizens residing in other countries, at or over age 18). This figure is preliminary and unofficial, and not comparable to figures for previous years calculated by the Federal Election Commission, which uses only valid votes for president divided by the U.S. population at or over age 18 (including those ineligible to vote, and not including U.S. citizens residing in other countries).
- ^ Choi, Matthew (October 31, 2019). "Trump, a symbol of New York, is officially a Floridian now". Politico. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Official 2020 presidential general election results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
- ^ "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president". AP NEWS. December 5, 2020.
- ^ a b Haltiwanger, John (November 7, 2020). "Trump is the first president in nearly 3 decades to lose a reelection". Business Insider.
- ^ a b Herndon, Astead W. (November 14, 2020). "Biden Asked Republicans to Give Him a Chance. They're Not Interested". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Hohmann, James (November 11, 2020). "The Daily 202: Biden won with the weakest coattails in 60 years. That could make him dependent on GOP senators". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Park, Andrea (November 5, 2020). "2020 Voter Turnout Was the Highest the U.S. Has Seen in Over a Century". Marie Claire.
- ^ a b "Joe Biden Crosses 80 million votes". Newsweek. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Lewis, Sophie (November 7, 2020). "Joe Biden breaks Obama's record for most votes ever cast for a U.S presidential candidate". CBS.
- ^ Denean, Austin (November 12, 2020). "DHS agency: 'Nov. 3 election was most secure in American history'". ABC 3340. Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Joint Statement from Elections Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council & the Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Executive Committees". Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Chen, Shawna (November 12, 2020). "Department of Homeland Security calls election 'the most secure in American history'". Axios. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Edsall, Thomas B. (June 3, 2020). "Opinion | The George Floyd Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Baker, Peter (September 22, 2020). "With Nothing Else Working, Trump Races to Make a New Supreme Court Justice the Issue". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ Staff (September 26, 2020). "How Amy Coney Barrett Would Reshape the Court – And the Country". Politico. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Saul, Stephanie; Hakim, Danny (November 3, 2020). "As Counting Begins, a Flood of Mail Ballots Complicates Vote Tallies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Otterbein, Holly. "Democrats return nearly three times as many mail-in ballots as Republicans in Pennsylvania". POLITICO. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ a b Wolf, Zachary (October 17, 2020). "It's not magic, it's math. Here's how CNN makes election projections". CNN.
- ^ "Donald Trump Is Lying About The Early Election Results". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ King, Ledyard (November 7, 2020). "Trump revives baseless claims of election fraud after Biden wins presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie; Corasaniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim; Feuer, Alan; Thrush, Glenn; Gray, Kathleen (November 19, 2020). "Presidential Transition Live Updates: Trump Invites State Lawmakers to White House in Bid to Subvert Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". AP News. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
- ^ a b c Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid; Rutenberg, Jim (November 10, 2020). "The Times Called Officials in Every State: No Evidence of Voter Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ "Here are the Republican members of Congress who signed on to the suit to throw out the votes in 4 states". Yahoo News. December 11, 2020.
- ^ Collins, Kaitlan; Bennett, Kate; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin (November 8, 2020). "Jared Kushner has approached Donald Trump to concede and Melania Trump advised the President to accept the loss". CNN. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Dale, Maryclaire (November 9, 2020). "Trump faces long odds in challenging state vote counts". Associated Press. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ "Trump loves to win but keeps losing election lawsuits". AP NEWS. December 4, 2020.
- ^ Pengelly, Martin (December 21, 2020). "Conspiracy-theorist lawyer Sidney Powell spotted again at White House". The Guardian. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ a b Gardner, Amy (January 3, 2021). "'I just want to find 11,780 votes': In extraordinary hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
- ^ Tapper, Jake (December 31, 2020). "At least 140 House Republicans to vote against counting electoral votes, two GOP lawmakers say". CNN. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Treene, Alayna (January 2, 2021). "Multiple senators oppose certifying election results". Axios. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ "Liveblog: Trump Incites Violent Insurrection on Capitol Hill". Mother Jones. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ a b
- Rucker, Philip; Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh (November 19, 2020). "Trump uses power of presidency to try to overturn the election and stay in office". The Washington Post.
- Editorial Board (November 18, 2020). "Trump's coup might not work. But he may pave the way for the next failed candidate". The Washington Post.
- Chait, Jonathan (November 17, 2020). "A Disturbing Number of Republicans Support Trump's Coup Attempt". Intelligencer.
- Poole, Steven (November 20, 2020). "As Donald Trump refuses to concede: the etymology of 'coup'". The Guardian.
- Diaz, John (November 22, 2020). "Call it what it is: an attempted coup". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- Bunch, Will (November 22, 2020). "Trump, GOP's ridiculous, flailing coup isn't a joke. It's a crime. There must be consequences". Inquirer. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Zilbermints, Regina (January 6, 2021). "Trump puts pressure on Republicans, says he will 'never concede'". The Hill. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Michaels, Samantha (November 22, 2020). "In Public, Trump Still Claims He Won. In Private, Aides Say He's Planning for Life After Presidency". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ "Trump falsely claims he won the election; Twitter flags the tweet". CBS News. Associated Press. November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ "Biden sets to work on reversing Trump policies with executive orders". BBC News. January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin; Stracqualursi, Veronica; Malloy, Allie (January 7, 2021). "Trump publicly acknowledges he won't serve a second term day after inciting mob". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Miller, Zeke; Colvin, Jill (January 8, 2021). "After excusing violence, Trump acknowledges Biden transition". Associated Press. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ "All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential election results". CNN. December 9, 2020.
- ^ Herb, Jeremy (December 14, 2020). "California puts Biden over 270 electoral votes for the presidency". CNN. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
- ^ Hayes, Mike; Macaya, Melissa; Rocha, Veronica; Wagner, Meg (December 14, 2020). "Biden formally clinches Electoral College victory with California's 55 votes". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ a b Neale, Thomas H. (October 22, 2020). "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Foran, Clare; Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; Raju, Manu (January 6, 2021). "Congress completes electoral count, finalizing Biden's win after violent delay from pro-Trump mob". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "US Election guide: how does the election work?". The Daily Telegraph. November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
- ^ Miller, Kevin (August 26, 2019). "Maine Senate passes ranked-choice voting for March presidential primaries". Portland Press Herald. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ Shepherd, Michael (August 28, 2019). "Maine might switch to a ranked-choice presidential election. Here's how it would look". CBS 13. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ Piper, Jessica (August 28, 2020). "Maine secretary of state appeals decision putting ranked-choice voting challenge on ballot". Bangor Daily News. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- ^ Leary, Mal (August 26, 2020). "Judge: Ranked-Choice Voting Repeal Qualifies For Maine November Ballot". WBUR. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- ^ Mannino, Gabrielle (September 2020). "Ranked choice voting for president still uncertain following court ruling". News Cener Maine. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
- ^ "Maine ballots sent to printer with ranked-choice voting for president, no people's veto". WGME. September 9, 2020. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
- ^ Reimann, Nicholas (September 8, 2020). "Maine Will Be The First-Ever State To Use Ranked-Choice Voting For A Presidential Election". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
- ^ Mannino, Gabrielle (September 22, 2020). "Court rules in favor of Sec. of State clearing way for RCV in presidential election". News Center Maine. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
- ^ Howe, Amy (October 6, 2020). "Breyer rejects Republicans' plea to stop ranked-choice voting in Maine". SCOTUSblog. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
- ^ Berman, Russell (September 20, 2019). "A Step Toward Blowing Up the Presidential-Voting System". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Muller, Derek T. (July 10, 2019). "Maine, ranked choice voting, and the National Popular Vote Compact". Excess of Democracy. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Shepherd, Michael (September 6, 2019). "Maine will use ranked-choice voting in next year's presidential election – but not the 2020 primaries". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ^ "The Latest: California pushes Biden to Electoral College win". Mercury News. Associated Press. December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
- ^ "Legal provisions relevant to the Electoral College process". National Archives and Records Administration.
- ^ "2020 Electoral College Results". National Archives.
- ^ Cochrane, Emily; Fandos, Nicholas (January 6, 2021). "After Pro-Trump Mob Storms Capitol, Congress Confirms Biden's Win". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Campbell, James E. (March 1986). "Presidential Coattails and Midterm Losses in State Legislative Elections" (PDF). The American Political Science Review. 80 (1): 45–63. doi:10.2307/1957083. JSTOR 1957083.
- ^ Sarlin, Benjy (August 26, 2014). "Forget 2016: Democrats already have a plan for 2020". MSNBC. Archived from the original on October 28, 2015.
- ^ Montellaro, Zach (June 5, 2020). "Biden clinches Democratic presidential nomination". Politico. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
- ^ Olorunnipa, Toluse; Janes, Chelsea; Sonmez, Felicia; Itkowitz, Colby; Wagner, John (August 19, 2020). "Joe Biden officially becomes the Democratic Party's nominee on convention's second night". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
- ^ Egan, Lauren (August 24, 2020). "Trump officially becomes Republican nominee after delegates' roll call". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
- ^ "2020 Republican Primary Election Results | USA TODAY". www.usatoday.com. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ Doherty, Brian (May 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". Reason. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ Voskuil, Connor (September 16, 2020). "LP Presidential Nominee On The Ballot in All 50 States Plus DC". Libertarian Party. Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
- ^ Nam, Rafael (June 21, 2020). "Howie Hawkins clinches Green Party's nomination after primary wins". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (July 11, 2020). "Green Party Nominates Howie Hawkins for President on First Ballot". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ "Ballot Access". Howie Hawkins 2020. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ^ "Presidential Write-In Candidates: General Election November 3, 2020". Montana Secretary of State.
- ^ "2020 November general election turnout rates". United States Election Project. October 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Merica, Dan (June 15, 2018). "Exclusive: Democrats, anticipating heated primary, set earlier 2020 convention date". CNN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- ^ Korecki, Natasha; Thompson, Alex (March 11, 2019). "DNC picks Milwaukee to host 2020 convention". Politico. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
- ^ a b "Selection of Site for 2020 Presidential Nominating ConventionANM". Green National Committee. 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- ^ Smith, Allan; Vitali, Ali (April 3, 2020). "Democratic Party delays July convention until August over coronavirus concerns". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ Brewster, Adam; Watson, Eleanor; O'Keefe, Edward (June 24, 2020). "Democratic Party reveals scaled-down convention plan". CBS News. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
- ^ Epstein, Reid J.; Glueck, Katie (August 5, 2020). "Biden's Milwaukee Trip Is Canceled, and So Is a Normal Presidential Campaign". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ Clark, Dartunurro (June 11, 2020). "RNC picks Jacksonville, Florida, as convention site for Trump to accept GOP nomination". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Morrill, Jim; Funk, Tim; Murphy, Kate (June 11, 2020). "It's official. RNC convention will head to Jacksonville after 1 day in Charlotte". The Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Morrill, Jim (July 24, 2020). "After Trump cancels Jacksonville events, RNC is back where it was – in Charlotte". The Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (December 11, 2017). "Libertarian Party Sets Location and Date of 2020 Presidential Convention". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
- ^ Francis, Eric (December 21, 2017). "An alternative to the right/left political menu". California Catholic Daily. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- ^ Hayes, Daniel (April 26, 2020). "COVID-19 and the Libertarian National Convention". LNC 2020. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (May 9, 2020). "Libertarian Party Will Use On-Line Process to Choose National Ticket in Late May, Then Hold an In-Person July Convention for Other Business". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (April 24, 2020). "Green Party Presidential Convention Will be Virtual". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Shear, Michael D. (December 18, 2019). "Trump Impeached for Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ^ Naylor, Brian; Walsh, Dierdre (January 21, 2020). "After 13 Hours Of Fiery Debate, Senate Adopts Impeachment Trial Rules". NPR. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ Cheney, Kyle; Desiderio, Andrew; Bresnahan, John (February 5, 2020). "Trump acquitted on impeachment charges, ending gravest threat to his presidency". Politico. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
- ^ "1868 Democratic Convention". History Central. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Varon, Elizabeth R. (2019). "Andrew Johnson: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- ^ Smith, David (January 31, 2020). "Trump rails against 'deranged' foes as Iowa rally clashes with impeachment trial". The Guardian. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ Friedman, Matt (January 28, 2020). "Missing from Trump's rally: An impeachment diatribe". Politico. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ Caputo, Marc (November 1, 2019). "'There's no model for this': Impeachment timeline crashes into Democratic primary". Politico. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ^ Milligan, Susan (January 30, 2020). "Senators Campaign in Iowa Remotely as They Wait in Washington Through Trump's Trial". U.S. News. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ Everett, Burgess (January 10, 2020). "'Don't tell me it doesn't matter': Impeachment trial hurts presidential campaigns". Politico. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- ^ Glueck, Katie (March 11, 2020). "Joe Biden Will Host 'Virtual Events' as Coronavirus Fears Heat Up". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ Ember, Sydney; Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (March 10, 2020). "Sanders and Biden Cancel Events as Coronavirus Fears Upend Primary". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ Chalfant, Morgan (March 12, 2020). "Trump says he'll likely curtail rallies amid coronavirus". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ "Democratic debate moved from Arizona to Washington, DC, over coronavirus concerns, DNC announces". CNN. March 12, 2020. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ "Georgia presidential primaries postponed over coronavirus concerns". USA Today. Associated Press. March 15, 2020. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Kate (March 16, 2020). "Kentucky secretary of state says primary postponed". CNN. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Pramuk, Jacob (March 13, 2020). "Louisiana postpones Democratic primary over coronavirus, the first state to do so". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Rouan, Rick; Futty, John (March 16, 2020). "Coronavirus: Ohio Supreme Court allows delay to primary election". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Ollstein, Alice Miranda; Montellaro, Zach (March 17, 2020). "Maryland postpones primary, shifts special election to mail voting over coronavirus". Politico. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Goodkind, Nicole (March 19, 2020). "10 questions about the 2020 election during the coronavirus pandemic, answered". Fortune. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Garrison, Joey (March 17, 2020). "As coronavirus pandemic delays 2020 primaries, is it time to worry about the November election?". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Lerer, Lisa; Epstein, Reid J. (March 12, 2020). "How the Coronavirus Changed the 2020 Campaign". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Kamarck, Elaine; Ibreak, Yoused; Powers, Amanda; Stewart, Chris (August 2020). "Voting by mail in a pandemic: A state-by-state scorecard". The Brookings Institute. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Whitesides, John; Renshaw, Jarrett (June 2, 2020). "Confusion, long lines at some poll sites as eight U.S. states vote during coronavirus pandemic". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (May 26, 2020). "Here's the *real* reason Donald Trump is attacking mail-in ballots". CNN. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie; Corasaniti, Nick; Qiu, Linda (June 24, 2020). "Trump's False Attacks on Voting by Mail Stir Broad Concern". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
- ^ Lerer, Lisa; Epstein, Reid J. (March 12, 2020). "How the Coronavirus Changed the 2020 Campaign". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Stanage, Niall (March 21, 2020). "The Memo: Democrats grapple with virus response". The Hill. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Parks, Miles (April 15, 2020). "'In The End, The Voters Responded': Surprising Takeaways From Wisconsin's Election". NPR. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ Neely, Brett; Silver, Maayan (April 21, 2020). "Milwaukee Claims 7 Coronavirus Cases Tied To Controversial Wisconsin Election". NPR. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Trump's Oklahoma rally can go ahead, court rules". BBC News. June 20, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
- ^ Lutz, Tom (June 22, 2020). "Brad Parscale faces Trump 'fury' after Tulsa comeback rally flops". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Swanson, Ian (June 22, 2020). "Trump rally delivers Saturday-record 7.7 million viewers on Fox News". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ Carlisle, Madeleine (July 11, 2020). "Three Weeks After Trump's Tulsa Rally, Oklahoma Reports Record High COVID-19 Numbers". Time. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin (July 30, 2020). "Former GOP presidential candidate Herman Cain dies after battle with coronavirus". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie (October 2, 2020). "Trump Tests Positive for the Coronavirus". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Dawsey, Josh; Itkowitz, Colby. "Trump says he and first lady have tested positive for coronavirus". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Mason, Jeff (October 2, 2020). "Trump starts 'quarantine process' after aide Hope Hicks tests positive for coronavirus". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Mason, Jeff; Alper, Alexandra; Holland, Steve (October 2, 2020). "Trump to be moved to hospital for treatment after COVID-19 diagnosis". West Central Tribune. Reuters. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Dawsey, Josh; Parker, Ashley; Itkowitz, Colby. "Trump tests positive for coronavirus, plans to go to Walter Reed hospital, two officials say". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Loomes, Phoebe (October 2, 2020). "Donald Trump mocked Joe Biden for wearing a mask before testing positive". News Australia. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Wilkie, Christina (October 2, 2020). "Democratic nominee Joe Biden tests negative for coronavirus after potential exposure, Trump's diagnosis". CNBC. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ a b Hook, Janet; Bierman, Noah (October 12, 2020). "Trump declares himself immune to COVID: 'I'll kiss everyone in that audience'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
- ^ Siders, David; Mahtesian, Charlie (October 2, 2020). "This is the worst nightmare for the Trump campaign". Politico. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Bycoffe, Aaron; Groskopf, Christopher; Mehta, Dhrumil (October 2, 2020). "How Americans View The Coronavirus Crisis And Trump's Response". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ O'Keefe, Ed; Erickson, Bo; Ewall-Wice, Sarah (October 2, 2020). "Biden campaign pulls ads attacking Trump for now, but plows ahead with schedule". CBS News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Smith, David (October 2, 2020). "Trump's positive Covid test was a surprise that many saw coming". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Milligan, Susan (October 28, 2020). "Trump's Rallies Are Turning Voters Against Him". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
- ^ Solender, Andrew (October 29, 2020). "Here's Why Massive Rallies May Do Trump More Harm Than Good". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
- ^ Sebenius, Alyza (June 24, 2019). "U.S. Sees Russia, China, Iran Trying to Influence 2020 Elections". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
- ^ Lucas, Fred (June 28, 2019). "2020 Election Meddling by China, Iran, N. Korea Likely, Administration Officials Warn". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
- ^ "Trump campaign targeted by Iran-linked hackers". The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. October 4, 2019. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019.
- ^ Greene, Jay; Romm, Tony (October 4, 2019). "Iranians tried to hack U.S. presidential candidate in effort that targeted hundreds, Microsoft says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 4, 2019.
- ^ "China, Caught Meddling in Past Two US Elections, Claims 'Not Interested' in 2020 Vote". Voa News. April 30, 2020. Archived from the original on May 18, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Leopold, Jason; Bensinger, Ken (November 2, 2020). "New: Mueller Investigated Julian Assange, WikiLeaks, And Roger Stone For DNC Hacks And Election Law Violations". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Tucker, Eric (February 24, 2020). "FBI official: Russia wants to see US 'tear ourselves apart'". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
One intelligence official said lawmakers were not told that Russia was working directly to aid Trump. But other people familiar with the meeting said they were told the Kremlin was looking to help Trump's candidacy. The people spoke on condition of anonymity to discussed [sic] the classified briefing.
- ^ Harris, Shane; et al. (February 21, 2020). "Bernie Sanders briefed by U.S. officials that Russia is trying to help his presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^ Barnes, Julian E.; Ember, Sydney (February 21, 2020). "Russia Is Said to Be Interfering to Aid Sanders in Democratic Primaries". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^ Goldman, Adam; Barnes, Julian E.; Haberman, Maggie; Fandos, Nicholas (February 20, 2020). "Lawmakers Are Warned That Russia Is Meddling to Support Trump". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Phillips, Katherine (September 4, 2020). "Joe Biden says Russia, not China, is greatest threat to 2020 election". USA Today.
- ^ Rogin, Josh (October 30, 2020). "There's Chinese interference on both sides of the 2020 election". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Kirby, Jen (September 15, 2020). "Are China and Iran meddling in US elections? It's complicated". Vox. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Gardner, Amy; Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Timberg, Craig (October 22, 2020). "U.S. government concludes Iran was behind threatening emails sent to Democrats". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Barnes, Julian E.; Sanger, David E. (October 21, 2020). "Iran and Russia Seek to Influence Election in Final Days, U.S. Officials Warn". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Bertrand, Natasha; Lippman, Daniel (October 28, 2020). "Ratcliffe went off script with Iran remarks, officials say". Politico. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Padgett, Tim (September 22, 2020). "Is Colombia Interfering In The U.S. Election In Florida – With Tactics It Exported To Florida?". University of South Florida. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Meeks, Gregory; Gallego, Ruben (October 24, 2020). "Colombian politicians shouldn't take sides in US election". CNN. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Daniels, Joe Parkin (October 26, 2020). "US embassy warns Colombian politicians not to get involved in US elections". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ "US probing whether Jho Low secretly made donation to Trump's 2020 re-election campaign". The Straits Times. March 14, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Burroughs, Callum; Khan, Yusuf (December 20, 2018). "The bizarre story of 1MDB, the Goldman Sachs-backed Malaysian fund that turned into one of the biggest scandals in financial history". Business Insider. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole (October 12, 2020). "Microsoft Takes Down a Risk to the Election, and Finds the U.S. Doing the Same: Fearing Russian ransomware attacks on the election, the company and U.S. Cyber Command mounted similar pre-emptive strikes. It is not clear how long they may work". US Politics. The New York Times (October 21, 2020 ed.). Archived from the original on November 4, 2020.
- ^ a b Krebs, Christopher Cox (November 29, 2020). "Fired director of U.S. cyber agency Chris Krebs explains why President Trump's claims of election interference are false". In Pelley, Scott Cameron (ed.). 60 Minutes. Season 53. Episode 13. Event occurs at 11:30. CBS. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020.
- ^ Smith, Ben (October 25, 2020). "Trump Had One Last Story to Sell. The Wall Street Journal Wouldn't Buy It". The Media Equation. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020.
- ^ Bertrand, Natasha; Samuelsohn, Darren (June 21, 2019). "What if Trump won't accept 2020 defeat?". Politico. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Gessen, Masha (July 21, 2020). "What could happen if Donald Trump rejects electoral defeat?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Ward, Jon (October 1, 2020). "Trump's false claims of rigged voting are 'a perilous thing,' says top Republican expert". Yahoo News.
- ^ Beer, Tommy (September 24, 2020). "Here's Everything Trump Has Said About Refusing To Give Up Power". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Lange, Jason (June 12, 2020). "Trump says he will 'do other things' if he loses 2020 election". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Feuer, Will (July 19, 2020). "President Trump won't agree to accept 2020 election results as Biden leads in polls – 'I have to see'". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ "Trump won't commit to peaceful transfer of power". BBC News. September 24, 2020. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Choi, Matthew (September 23, 2020). "Trump declines to commit to a peaceful transition of power after election". Politico. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Kiely, Eugene; Rieder, Rem (September 30, 2020). "Trump's Repeated False Attacks on Mail-In Ballots". FactCheck. Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania.
- ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (September 30, 2020). "Here's the reality behind Trump's claims about mail voting". Associated Press.
- ^ Parks, Miles (August 28, 2020). "Ignoring FBI And Fellow Republicans, Trump Continues Assault On Mail-In Voting". NPR.
- ^ Stimson, Brie (September 24, 2020). "Trump blasts ballots when asked about election aftermath: 'The ballots are a disaster'". Fox News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Levine, Marianne; Desiderio, Andrew; Everett, Burgess (September 24, 2020). "Republicans break with Trump over peaceful transition of power". Politico. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (September 25, 2020). "The FBI director just totally shut down Donald Trump's vote-fraud conspiracy". CNN. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
- ^ Crowley, Michael (September 24, 2020). "2020 Election Live Updates: Trump Once Again Questions the Election, as Top Republicans Commit to a Peaceful Transfer of Power". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Kane, Paul; Bade, Rachael; Itkowitz, Colby (September 24, 2020). "What Senate Republicans are saying after Trump refused to commit to an orderly transfer of power". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^
- Baker, Peter (September 23, 2020). "Trump says he wants a conservative majority on the Supreme Court in case of an Election Day dispute". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- Reklaitis, Victor (September 23, 2020). "Trump says Supreme Court will need 9th justice to decide election outcome". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- Garrison, David Jackson and Joey (September 23, 2020). "Trump says he wants to fill Supreme Court seat quickly in case justices need to settle election dispute". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- Mason, Jeff (September 24, 2020). "Trump hedges on transferring power, says election will end up at Supreme Court". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- Stieb, Matt (September 23, 2020). "Trump Says Supreme Court Needs 9 Justices for Potential Election Dispute". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- Wingrove, Josh (September 23, 2020). "Trump Talks Up Need for Full Court as He Casts Doubt on Election". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Kate (April 25, 2020). "Biden says he thinks Trump will try to delay the presidential election". CNN. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ Choi, Matthew (April 23, 2020). "Biden predicts Trump will try to delay November election". Politico. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ Rascoe, Ayesha; Davis, Susan; Parks, Miles (July 30, 2020). "Trump Floats Delaying The Election. It Would Require A Change In Law". NPR. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ Jackson, David; Garrison, Joey; Fritze, John (July 30, 2020). "Trump floats delaying election over mail-in voting, legal experts say that power rests with Congress". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
- ^ Muller, Derek (April 29, 2020). "Trump Can't Postpone the Election". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ Koslof, Evan (July 30, 2020). "VERIFY: Nancy Pelosi won't become president on Jan. 20 if Congress delays federal elections". WUSA 9. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
- ^ Lazer, David; et al. (July 30, 2020), "Report#7: Update on Vote by Mail", COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public's Policy Preferences Across States, State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, archived from the original on November 3, 2020, retrieved November 8, 2020
- ^ The Editorial Board (June 15, 2020). "Coronavirus makes voting by mail even more important". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Love, Juliette; Stevens, Matt; Gamio, Lazaro (August 14, 2020). "A Record 76% of Americans Can Vote by Mail in 2020". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Broadwater, Luke; Fuchs, Hailey (July 14, 2020). "Postal Service says delays could affect multiple states' elections". Salt Lake City Tribune. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020 – via The New York Times.
- ^ Katz, Eric (July 20, 2020). "Looking to Cut Costs, New USPS Leader Takes Aim at Overtime and Late Trips". Government Executive. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- ^ Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Kane, Paul (August 13, 2020). "Trump opposes election aid for states and Postal Service bailout, threatening Nov. 3 vote". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020.
- ^ Gordon, Aaron (August 13, 2020). "The Post Office Is Deactivating Mail Sorting Machines Ahead of the Election". Vice. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Bogage, Jacob (August 18, 2020). "Postmaster general announces he is 'suspending' policies that were blamed for causing mail delays". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
- ^ Sprunt, Barbara (August 13, 2020). "Trump Opposes Postal Service Funding But Says He'd Sign Bill Including It". NPR. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ Benen, Steve (April 8, 2020). "After voting by mail, Trump denounces voting by mail". MSNBC. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
- ^ Bogage, Jacob (August 12, 2020). "Trump says Postal Service needs money for mail-in voting, but he'll keep blocking funding". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Levine, Sam (August 21, 2020). "Trump campaign fails to show evidence of vote-by-mail fraud, filing reveals". The Guardian.
- ^ King, Lauren; Thorbecke, Catherine; Winsor, Morgan; Cathey, Libby; Stoddart, Michelle (November 3, 2020). "Election Day 2020 live updates: USPS misses deadline but will sweep for ballots". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Bogage, Jacob; Ingraham, Christopher (November 3, 2020). "USPS data shows thousands of mailed ballots missed Election Day deadlines". The Washington Post.
- ^ Severns, Maggie (August 26, 2019). "FEC paralyzed by resignations as 2020 approaches". Politico. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (May 19, 2020). "Senate confirms appointee to Federal Election Commission, restoring panel's voting quorum". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Frostenson, Sarah; Levinthal, Dave (September 4, 2020). "What Happens When The FEC Can't Do Its Job?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Foran, Clare; Raju, Manu; Barrett, Ted (September 19, 2020). "McConnell vows Trump's nominee to replace Ginsburg will get Senate vote, setting up historic fight". CNN. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ Schneider, Elena (September 19, 2020). "Dem donors smash ActBlue's daily record after Ginsburg's death". Politico. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- ^ Kumar, Anita (September 19, 2020). "'We're going to fill the seat': Supreme Court vacancy provides Trump new rallying cry". Politico. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- ^ Garrison, David Jackson and Joey. "Trump says he wants to fill Supreme Court seat quickly in case justices need to settle election dispute". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Quinn, Melissa (September 21, 2020). "Pence says Trump has an "obligation" to quickly name Supreme Court nominee". CBS News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Bowden, John (September 24, 2020). "Graham vows GOP will accept election results after Trump comments". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Swanson, Ian (September 25, 2020). "Trump dumbfounds GOP with latest unforced error". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Kim, Seung Min; Itkowitz, Colby (September 26, 2020). "Trump announces Judge Amy Coney Barrett is his pick for the Supreme Court". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Wise, Alana; Naylor, Brian. "Amy Coney Barrett Moves A Step Closer To Confirmation After Judiciary Committee Vote". NPR. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ a b Macaro, Lisa (October 26, 2020). "Barrett confirmed as Supreme Court justice in partisan vote". Associated Press.
- ^ Pecorin, Allison; Turner, Trish (October 22, 2020). "Senate Republicans move Barrett Supreme Court nomination toward final vote". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Wise, Alana (October 22, 2020). "Amy Coney Barrett Moves A Step Closer To Confirmation After Judiciary Committee Vote". NPR. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Jacobs, Emily (November 3, 2020). "2020 election early exit poll: Voters support stricter gun laws, protecting Roe v. Wade". New York Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ a b Gringlas, Sam; Cornish, Audie; Dorning, Courtney (September 22, 2020). "Step Aside Election 2000: This Year's Election May Be The Most Litigated Yet". NPR. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Sherman, Mark (October 22, 2020). "Democrats: Justices' 4–4 tie in election case ominous sign". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Atwater, Malaysia (October 21, 2020). "COVID-19 complicates voting, drives emergency stay applications, say SCOTUS clinic directors". The Stanford Daily. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Abramson, Alaan (October 22, 2020). "'A Litigation Arms Race.' Why The 2020 Election Could Come Down To The Courts". Time. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Graff, Garrett M. (October 23, 2020). "A Day-By-Day Guide to What Could Happen If This Election Goes Bad". Politico. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Goldmacher, Shane (October 11, 2019). "2020 Presidential Debate Schedule Announced for General Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ a b McCammond, Alexi (July 27, 2020). "First presidential debate moved from Notre Dame to Cleveland". Axios. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- ^ Parrott, Jeff (June 24, 2020). "After Michigan pulls out, Notre Dame won't say if it still plans to host Trump-Biden debate". South Bend Tribune. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
- ^ Siders, David (September 29, 2020). "Trump mayhem takes over first debate". Politico. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Agiesta, Jennifer (September 30, 2020). "Post-debate CNN poll: Six in 10 say Biden won the debate". CNN. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Prokop, Andrew (September 30, 2020). "The first post-debate polls say Biden won". Vox. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Schoen, Doug (September 30, 2020). "Doug Schoen: First Presidential Debate – Here's who won on style and substance". Fox News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Lynch, Suzanne; Dooley, Chris; McRedmond, Finn; Cullen, Damian; McKechnie, David (September 30, 2020). "US presidential debate: who won, was it any good, were there any surprises?". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ McCammon, Sarah (September 30, 2020). "From Debate Stage, Trump Declines To Denounce White Supremacy". NPR. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Pereira, Ivan (September 30, 2020). "Trump doesn't denounce white supremacists and militias during debate". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ MacGuill, Dan (September 30, 2020). "Did Trump 'Refuse to Condemn' White Supremacists at Debate?". Snopes. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
- ^ Zurcher, Anthony (October 1, 2020). "Trump now tells far right to 'stand down' amid white supremacy row". BBC News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ Flatley, Daniel; Litvan, Laura; Jacobs, Jennifer (September 30, 2020). "Trump now claims he's unfamiliar with Proud Boys, says they should 'stand down'". National Post. Retrieved October 1, 2020 – via Bloomberg News.
- ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (September 30, 2020). "The Commission on Presidential Debates says it will change debate format, however, no decision yet on cutting off microphones". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Montellaro, Zach; Shepard, Steven (October 11, 2019). "General-election debate schedule revealed for 2020". Politico. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- ^ Agiesta, Jennifer (October 8, 2020). "Post-debate CNN poll: Harris seen as winner in a contest that matched expectations". CNN. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ Allen, Nick (October 8, 2020). "Analysis: Mike Pence vs Kamala Harris – who won the vice-presidential debate?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ Epstein, Reid J. (October 7, 2020). "A fly sat atop Mike Pence's head for two minutes during the V.P. debate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ "Fly lands on Mike Pence's head during US election vice-presidential debate". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. October 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Jesse, David (June 23, 2020). "University of Michigan confirms it won't host presidential debate. Here's why". Detroit Free Press.
- ^ Wilkie, Christina (October 8, 2020). "Trump refuses to participate in virtual debate on Oct. 15: 'I'm not going to waste my time'". CNBC. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ Merica, Dan; Bohn, Kevin (October 9, 2020). "Commission cancels second debate between Trump and Biden". CNN. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ Stracquarlursi, Veronica (June 23, 2020). "Second presidential debate moved to Miami after original host pulls out due to coronavirus concerns". CNN. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ Tamburin, Adam (October 11, 2019). "Belmont University awarded final 2020 presidential debate". The Tennessean. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
- ^ Elliot, Phillip; Abramson, Alan; Vesoulis, Abby (October 22, 2020). "The Biggest Moments in the Final Presidential Debate". Time. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Poniewozik, James (October 23, 2020). "Moderation Returns to Politics. Or at Least to the Debate". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Bennet, John; Boyle, Louise; Baxter, Holly; Gray, Lucy; Connolly, Griffin (October 23, 2020). "Who won the presidential debate?". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Agiesta, Jennifer (October 23, 2020). "CNN Poll: Biden wins final presidential debate". CNN. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Harris, John F. (October 23, 2020). "This Was a Pretty Good Debate. Who Cares?". Politico. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (September 30, 2020). "Trump-Biden clash was watched by at least 73 million viewers". CNN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Koblin, John (October 8, 2020). "Pence-Harris Debate Is No. 2 in Vice-Presidential Ratings, With 58 Million TV Viewers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Reston, Maeve (October 16, 2020). "Stark contrast between Trump and Biden on display in dueling town halls". CNN. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
- ^ Thorne, Will (October 23, 2020). "TV Ratings: Final Trump-Biden Debate Down 10 Million Viewers From First". Variety. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Tobin, Christina (2020). "Second Open Presidential Debate 2020". Free and Equal Elections Foundation. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ "Third Open Presidential Debate 2020". Free and Equal Elections Foundation. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Victor, Daniel; Serviss, Lew; Paybarah, Azi (October 2, 2020). "In His Own Words, Trump on the Coronavirus and Masks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Restuccia, Andrew (October 2, 2020). "Trump and His Aides Have Long Played Down Importance of Face Masks, Distancing". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Mills, Doug; Schaff, Erin (October 29, 2020). "As Trump Exaggerates Virus Progress and Mocks Masks, Biden Vows to 'Let Science Drive Our Decisions'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Vigdor, Neil (August 26, 2020). "Masks and social distancing are mostly absent from Republican convention events". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans On The Coronavirus Pandemic". NPR. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Welna, David (March 18, 2020). "Trump Invokes A Cold War Relic, The Defense Production Act, For Coronavirus Shortages". NPR. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ PolitiFact staff; KHN staff (October 23, 2020). "In Tamer Debate, Trump and Biden Clash (Again) on President's Pandemic Response". Kaiser Health News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Politi, James; Weaver, Courtney (October 9, 2020). "Trump and Biden spar over state of economy in final days of race". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Pager, Tyler (June 8, 2020). "Biden Says Trump Squandered Economic Expansion Begun With Obama". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Crawford, Shannon K. (September 29, 2020). "Trump vs. Biden on the issues: Economy". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Helier, Cheung (January 23, 2020). "What does Trump actually believe on climate change?". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ McKeever, Amy (October 28, 2020). "Latest: Trump's and Biden's environmental policy promises and actions". Science. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Kerns, Christopher (April 9, 2020). "It's (nearly) official: Biden vs. Trump. Here's our take". Advisory Board. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ a b Mosk, Matthew; Faulders, Katherine (June 8, 2020). "Trump's quest to 'dominate' amid George Floyd protests sparks new concerns about presidential powers". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans For Health Care". NPR. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (September 24, 2020). "Trump Administration Asks Supreme Court to Strike Down Affordable Care Act". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Healy, Jack; Searcey, Dionne (June 4, 2020). "Two Crises Convulse a Nation: A Pandemic and Police Violence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Horton, Jake (September 2, 2020). "Does Trump have the right to send in federal forces?". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Detrow, Scott; Sprunt, Barbara (June 2, 2020). "'He Thinks Division Helps Him': Biden Condemns Trump's Protest Response". NPR. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Electoral College Ratings" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- ^ "Presidential Ratings". Inside Elections. April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ "2020 President". Sabato's Crystal Ball. July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Shepard, Steven; et al. (November 19, 2019). "2020 Election Forecast". Politico. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
- ^ "Battle for White House". RealClearPolitics. April 19, 2019. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ "CNN's final 2020 Electoral College outlook: A remarkably stable race comes to an end". CNN. November 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "Forecasting the US elections". The Economist. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Election Battleground Tracker". CBS News. July 12, 2020. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270 to Win. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ "ABC News Race Ratings". ABC News. July 24, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Montanaro, Domenico (October 30, 2020). "Final NPR Electoral Map: Biden Has The Edge, But Trump Retains Narrow Path". NPR. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Todd, Chuck; Murray, Mark; Dann, Carrie; Holzberg, Melissa (October 27, 2020). "Biden continues to lead in our latest battleground map". NBC News. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. 2020. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "2020 National Popular Vote Tracker". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Garrison, Joey (November 3, 2020). "Voter turnout 2020: Early voting tops 100 million ballots cast". USA Today. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ Schaul, Kevin; Rabinowitz, Kate; Mellnik, Ted (November 30, 2020). "2020 turnout is the highest in over a century". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Chinni, Dante (December 6, 2020). "Are close presidential elections the new normal?". NBC News. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ Azari, Julia (August 20, 2020). "Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. But Most VPs Have To". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ Silverstein, Jason (November 13, 2020). "2020 election ends at same electoral vote as 2016 – 306 to 232, with Trump losing this time". CBS News. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ "Joe Biden wins Georgia, turning the state blue for first time since '92". KUTV. November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Bellwether no more? Ohio misses presidential pick for first time since 1960". Cincinnati Enquirer. November 8, 2020.
- ^ BBC Newshour, Dec. 14, 2020
- ^ McCormick, John (November 13, 2020). "Bellwether Counties Nearly Wiped Out by 2020 Election". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ "Combined vote margin". Twitter. January 14, 2021.
- ^ "Decision Desk HQ calls the election for Biden". The Jerusalem Post. November 6, 2020. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ LaForme, Ren; Grau, Mel (November 6, 2020). "Vox.com, working with Decision Desk HQ, was one of the first news outlets to call the election". Poynter Institute. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Prokop, Andrew (November 6, 2020). "Why Decision Desk called Pennsylvania, and the presidential race, for Joe Biden". Vox. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Wagner, Meg; et al. (November 7, 2020). "Joe Biden elected president". CNN. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Cathey, Libby. "Joe Biden apparent winner of presidency". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Steinhauser, Paul; Singman, Brooke (November 7, 2020). "Biden wins presidency, Trump denied second term in White House, Fox News projects". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke; Weissert, Will (November 8, 2020). "Biden wins White House, vowing new direction for divided US". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Edelman, Adam (November 7, 2020). "Biden defeats Trump to win White House, NBC News projects". NBC News.
- ^ Becket, Stefan; et al. (November 7, 2020). "Biden wins White House after taking Pennsylvania". CBS News.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam (November 8, 2020). "Five Takeaways From President-Elect Biden's Victory Speech". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Rahman, Rema (November 3, 2020). "Election observers on the ground in the US". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Election observer says no evidence for Trump's fraud claims". AP News. November 5, 2020. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Morello, Carol (November 4, 2020). "European election observers decry Trump's 'baseless allegations' of voter fraud". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ "United States of America, General Elections, 3 November 2020: Interim Report" (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. October 22, 2020. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ "United States of America, General Elections, 3 November 2020: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions" (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. November 4, 2020. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ "2020g – United States Elections Project". electproject.org. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ "Maine Official Election Results". Maine Secretary of State. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ Official Report of the Nebraska Board of State Canvassers, General Election, November 3, 2020, Nebraska Secretary of State.
- ^ Downing, Suzanne (September 1, 2020). "Green Party of Alaska nominates Jesse Ventura for president". Must Read Alaska. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
- ^ Final Results of General Election on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, Suffolk County Board of Elections.
- ^ Certified Summary Results Report, Bexar County, Texas.
- ^ Harris County, Texas – General and Special Elections – November 3, 2020, Isabel Longoria, Elections Administrator of Harris County, Texas.
- ^ 21-A §802. Representation, Maine Revised Statutes, Maine Legislature.
- ^ Nebraska Revised Statute 32-1038, Nebraska Legislature.
- ^ Coleman, J. Miles (November 19, 2020). "Wisconsin: Decisive Again In 2020". Center For Politics. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Presidential Election Statistics". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
- ^ "Statewide Precinct Detail" (PDF). State of Hawaii Office of Elections. State of Hawaii. January 19, 2020. p. 155. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
- ^ Andre, Michael; et al. (November 3, 2020). "National Exit Polls: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
- ^ "National Results 2020 President exit polls". CNN. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Frey, William H. (November 5, 2020). "Exit polls show both familiar and new voting blocs sealed Biden's win". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Gorden, Max (November 9, 2020). "Latino key to turning Arizona blue in 2020 presidential election, group says". AZFamily. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Aguilera, Jasmine (November 10, 2020). "The Complexities of the 2020 'Latino Vote' Were Overlooked, Again". Time. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Strott, Savannah; Mueller, Tabitha (November 16, 2020). "Polls show how Latino voters helped drive Biden win in Nevada, though Trump gained ground since 2016". The Nevada Independent. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ "American Election Eve Poll 2020". The American Election Eve Poll. November 2, 2020.
- ^ Andre, Michael; et al. (November 3, 2020). "New Mexico Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Andre, Michael; et al. (November 3, 2020). "Florida Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Stafford, Kat; Morrison, Aaron; Kastanis, Angeleki (November 9, 2020). "'This is proof': Biden's win reveals power of Black voters". AP News. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
[The] African American community stood up again for me.
- ^ "President Exit Polls". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ Huang, Jon; Jacoby, Samuel; Strickland, Michael; Lai, K. K. Rebecca (November 8, 2016). "Election 2016: Exit Polls (Published 2016)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ "National Exit Polls: How Different Groups Voted". The New York Times. January 5, 2021. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ a b Mehta, Dhrumil (September 18, 2020). "How Asian Americans Are Thinking About The 2020 Election". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
- ^ Nguyen, Terry (October 30, 2020). "48% of Vietnamese Americans say they're voting for Trump. Here's why". Vox. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
- ^ Zhou, Li (November 14, 2020). "What we know about who Asian American voters supported in the election". Vox. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
With strong turnout this year and more voters joining the electorate, it’s evident that AAPI voters are a key base that can’t be neglected. The upcoming races in Georgia, too, are yet another opportunity for such outreach.
- ^ Desai, Suyash. "Donald Trump endorsement: India's calculated move". Deccan Herald. DH. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
- ^ "US election result 2020: Hindu Sena performs 'havan', 'puja' for Donald Trump's victory". Business Today. BT. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ "Indian flag waved in the middle of mob at the attack on US Capitol building". The News Minute. TNM. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ "Tharoor and Varun spat on Twitter over tricolour at Capitol". Times of India. ToI. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ Native News Online Staff (October 21, 2020). "SURVEY: Indian Country overwhelmingly supports Joe Biden". Native News Online. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Caldera, Camille (November 12, 2020). "Fact check: There was strong Navajo support for Biden, but numbers cited in claim have changed". USA Today. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Segers, Grace. "Native American voters critical to Biden's success in Arizona". CBS News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Fonseca, Felicia; Kastanis, Angeliki (November 19, 2020). "Native American votes helped secure Biden's win in Arizona". AP News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Smith, Anna V. (November 6, 2020). "How Indigenous voters swung the 2020 election". High Country News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Fordham, Evie (November 6, 2020). "Trump investment in North Carolina's Native American Lumbee Tribe pays off". Fox News. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Matthews, Dylan (November 10, 2020). "One pollster's explanation for why the polls got it wrong". Vox. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Leonhardt, David (November 12, 2020). "'A Black Eye': Why Political Polling Missed the Mark. Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ Walker, Ben (November 5, 2020). "How accurate were the US presidential election polls?". New Statesman. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ Silver, Nate (November 11, 2020). "The Polls Weren't Great. But That's Pretty Normal". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ O'Donnell, Noreen (November 4, 2020). "As Ballots Are Counted, No Clear Winner on Election Night". NBC Bay Area. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Leary, Alex (November 4, 2020). "Trump's Florida Election Win Hinged on Big Gains in Miami-Dade". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Sean (November 4, 2020). "Biden says he is confident of victory but asks supporters to have patience as votes are counted". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Goldmacher, Shane; Nagourney, Adam (November 4, 2020). "Biden and Trump Are Locked in Tight Race as Uncounted Votes Remain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Wilkie, Christina (November 4, 2020). "Trump tries to claim victory even as ballots are being counted in several states – NBC has not made a call". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Burns, Alexander; Martin, Jonathan (November 4, 2020). "As America Awaits a Winner, Trump Falsely Claims He Prevailed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ "Joe Biden's Campaign Denounces Trump's Bid to Shut Down Counting". Al Bawaba. November 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Slodyosko, Brian (November 5, 2020). "EXPLAINER: States still in play and what makes them that way". AP News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Slodyosko, Brian (November 4, 2020). "EXPLAINER: Why AP called Arizona for Biden". AP News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (November 4, 2020). "Fox's Arizona Call for Biden Flipped the Mood at Trump Headquarters". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Romero, Simon (November 4, 2020). "With Arizona too close to call, Trump supporters gather at a vote-counting site in Phoenix". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Izadi, Elahe (November 4, 2020). "Who won Arizona? Why the call differs by media organization". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ a b Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke; Colvin, Jill; Jaffe, Alexandra (November 4, 2020). "Biden wins Michigan, Wisconsin, now on brink of White House". AP News. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Andre, Michael; et al. (November 5, 2020). "Nevada Presidential Election Results". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Andre, Michael; et al. (November 5, 2020). "Arizona Presidential Election Results". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Wasserman, David (November 3, 2020). "Beware the 'blue mirage' and the 'red mirage' on election night". NBC News.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (November 5, 2020). "Trump blames Democrats for late-counted mail ballots. He should blame the GOP". The Washington Post.
- ^ Herndon, Astead (November 15, 2020). "Biden asked Republicans to give him a chance. They're not interested". The New York Times – via Gulf News.
- ^ Shubber, Kadhim (November 6, 2020). "Trump Pennsylvania litigation getting tepid response from federal judge". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Schrade, Brad (November 6, 2020). "Georgia judge dismisses Trump campaign case in Chatham ballot dispute". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ Egan, Paul (November 5, 2020). "Judge throws out Trump lawsuit over counting of Michigan ballots". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Herb, Jeremy; Polantz, Katelyn (November 7, 2020). "'Democracy plain and simple': How the 2020 election defied fraud claims and pandemic fears". CNN. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Martin, Jonathan; Glueck, Katie (November 5, 2020). "Biden Pulls Ahead in Key States as Anxious Nation Awaits Winner". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Montellaro, Zach (November 6, 2020). "Georgia heading to recount, top election official says". Politico. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh (November 6, 2020). "Pennsylvania Republicans win Supreme Court order to enforce separation of late-arriving ballots". Politico. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Montellaro, Zach (November 9, 2020). "GOP-led states back Trump's legal drive to challenge election". Politico. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^
- Perkins, Tom (November 6, 2020). "Donald Trump's baseless vote fraud claim opens cracks in Republican ranks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Daly, Matthew (November 6, 2020). "GOP divided over Trump's baseless claims of election fraud". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Hayes, Christal (November 5, 2020). "'This is getting insane': Republicans say Trump's attacks on election integrity are dangerous". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Everett, Burgess; Zanona, Melanie (November 6, 2020). "GOP begins pushing back against Trump's false election claims". Politico. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Gregorian, Dareh (November 6, 2020). "'This is getting insane': Republicans push back against Trump's false election claims". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Barrett, Ted (November 6, 2020). "Top Republicans defend Trump on baseless voter fraud claims as concerns grow in the ranks". CNN.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin; et al. (November 8, 2020). "Inside Trump's loss: A culmination of self-destructive decisions". CNN. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ a b Rucker, Philip; et al. (November 28, 2020). "20 days of fantasy and failure: Inside Trump's quest to overturn the election". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ Viebeck, Elise; Brown, Emma; Helderman, Rosalind S. (December 4, 2020). "Judges turn back claims by Trump and his allies in six states as the president's legal effort founders". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ Rucker, Philip; Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh (November 20, 2020). "Trump uses power of presidency to try to overturn the election and stay in office". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ Martina, Michael; Freifeld, Karen; Renshaw, Jarrett (November 19, 2020). "Trump's election power play: Persuade Republican legislators to do what U.S. voters did not". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ Knowles, David (November 21, 2020). "Michigan lawmakers pledge to 'follow the law' on picking electors after meeting with Trump". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ a b Bellisle, Martha; Geller, Adam (November 6, 2020). "More than a dozen arrested as protesters demand vote count". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Beaumont, Peter (November 5, 2020). "Trump supporters protest at Arizona vote counting centre". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ @realDonaldTrump (November 7, 2020). "I WON THIS ELECTION, BY A LOT!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie (November 7, 2020). "In Torrent of Falsehoods, Trump Claims Election Is Being Stolen". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Seitz, Amanda; Klepper, David; Ortutay, Barbara (November 10, 2020). "False claims of voting fraud, pushed by Trump, thrive online". Associated Press. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Kessler, Glenn; Rizzo, Salvador (November 6, 2020). "President Trump's false claims of vote fraud: A chronology". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Dale, Daniel (November 5, 2020). "Fact check: Trump delivers most dishonest speech of his presidency as Biden closes in on victory". CNN.
- ^ Boehm, Eric (November 5, 2020). "Trump Says Mail-in Votes Are Suspicious Because They Overwhelmingly Favor Joe Biden. He's Wrong". Reason. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Wasserman, Dave (November 4, 2020). "Beware the 'blue mirage' and the 'red mirage' on election night". NBC News. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ "UPDATE: Fulton County ballot scanning issue affected just 342 votes". WSBTV. November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Iati, Marisa; Usero, Adriana (November 5, 2020). "A viral video implied a man was illegally moving ballots. It was a photographer and his equipment". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ O'Rourke, Clara (November 6, 2020). "PolitiFact – Pennsylvania poll worker was copying information from a damaged ballot, to ensure it was counted". Politifact. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Fauzia, Miriam (November 3, 2020). "Fact check: Poll watcher turned away at Philadelphia polling station in misunderstanding". USA Today. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Hendrickson, Clara (November 6, 2020). "PolitiFact – List does not show over 14,000 dead people cast ballots in Michigan's Wayne County". Politifact. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Keefe, Brendan (November 13, 2020). "Two accused 'dead' Georgia voters very much alive despite claims – and they voted legally". 11Alive News. Atlanta, Georgia.
- ^ Boburg, Shawn; Bogage, Jacob (November 10, 2020). "Postal worker recanted allegations of ballot tampering, officials say". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Izadi, Elahe; Ellison, Sarah (November 9, 2020). "Fox News cuts away from Kayleigh McEnany news conference after she alleges vote fraud with no evidence". The Washington Post.
- ^ Broadwater, Luke (November 8, 2020). "As Biden Plans Transition, Republicans Decline to Recognize His Election". The New York Times.
- ^ Shannon, Joel; Ciavaglia, Jo; McGinnis, James (November 8, 2020). "Giuliani holds press conference at landscaping business, prompting confusion". USA Today.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (November 11, 2020). "Republican election official in Philadelphia says he's seen no evidence of widespread fraud". CNN.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (November 12, 2020). "Trump lawyers suffer embarrassing rebukes from judges over voter fraud claims". The Washington Post.
- ^ Klasfield, Adam (November 5, 2020). "'Come on Now': Michigan Judge Scoffs at and Tosses Trump Campaign Lawsuit Backed by 'Hearsay' Evidence". Law & Crime.
- ^ Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Abrams, Rachel; Enrich, David (November 9, 2020). "Growing Discomfort at Law Firms Representing Trump in Election Lawsuits". The New York Times.
- ^
- Chait, Jonathan (November 16, 2020). "Trump's New Vote Fraud Theory Is So Much Crazier Than You Realize". New York Intelligencer.
- Swenson, Ali (November 19, 2020). "AP FACT CHECK: Trump legal team's batch of false vote claims". Associated Press.
- Olivia Rubin, Lucien Bruggeman & Matthew Mosk (November 19, 2020). "Dominion employees latest to face threats, harassment in wake of Trump conspiracy". ABC News.
- Paul Egan (December 15, 2020). "Dominion Voting CEO says Antrim County report part of 'reckless disinformation campaign'". Detroit Free Press.
- Lori Robertson; Eugene Kiely; Jessica McDonald; D'Angelo Gore (December 1, 2020). "Trump Repeats Baseless, False Claims About the Election". FactCheck.org.
- ^ Keating, Christopher (December 10, 2020). "Quinnipiac Poll: 77% of Republicans believe there was widespread fraud in the presidential election; 60% overall consider Joe Biden's victory legitimate". Yahoo! News. Retrieved December 15, 2020 – via Hartford Courant.
- ^ Page, Susan; Elbeshbishi, Sarah (December 24, 2020). "Exclusive: As Trump leaves office, 50% of Americans say he'll be seen as 'failed' president". USA Today.
- ^ "ABC News/Ipsos Poll Jan 10". Scribd. ABC News. January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
- ^ Davis, Tina (November 7, 2020). "Trump's Election Lawsuits: Where the Fights Are Playing Out". Bloomberg Law. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Abramson, Alana; Abrams, Abigail (November 9, 2020). "Here Are All the Lawsuits the Trump Campaign Has Filed Since Election Day – And Why Most Are Unlikely to Go Anywhere". Time. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh (November 13, 2020). "Another law firm bails out on Trump campaign". Politico. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Colvin, Jill; Levy, Marc (December 20, 2020). "Trump wants Supreme Court to overturn Pa. election results". Yahoo! News. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ Olson, Tyler; Bream, Shannon; Mears, Bill (December 24, 2020). "Supreme Court in no hurry to hear Trump campaign case, sets response deadline two days after inauguration". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ^ "Ludicrous Texas anti-election lawsuit jolts Republican politics". MSNBC.com. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- ^ Editorial Board (December 10, 2020). "Editorial: The enduring cost of Trump's attempted coup". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
- ^ Louis, Errol (December 10, 2020). "Trump's meddling was a failed coup". The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
- ^ Solender, Andrew. "126 House Republicans Now Support Lawsuit To Overturn Election In Updated Brief". Forbes. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh; Cheney, Kyle (December 11, 2020). "Supreme Court rejects Texas-led effort to overturn Biden's victory". Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ Desk, Bob D'Angelo, Cox Media Group National Content. "U.S. Supreme Court rejects Texas lawsuit". WHBQ. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- ^ Timm, Jane C. (November 4, 2020). "With states still counting, Trump falsely claims he won". NBC News. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Zurcher, Anthony (November 11, 2020). "Biden: Trump refusal to concede 'an embarrassment'". BBC News. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Haberman, Maggie; Crowley, Michael (November 10, 2020). "Trump Appointee Stands Between Biden's Team and a Smooth Transition". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Rein, Lisa; et al. (November 9, 2020). "White House, escalating tensions, orders agencies to rebuff Biden transition team". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ McKeever, Amy (November 8, 2020). "No modern presidential candidate has refused to concede. Here's why that matters". National Geographic. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- ^ Vazquez, Maegan; Westwood, Sarah; Main, Alison (November 15, 2020). "Trump says for the first time Biden won the election but later insists he's not conceding". CNN. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ Brown, Matthew; Cummings, William (November 15, 2020). "Election 2020 updates: GOP governor expects Biden to be next president; John Bolton says Trump has no character". USA Today. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ Rein, Lisa; O'Connell, Jonathan; Dawsey, Josh (November 8, 2020). "A little-known Trump appointee is in charge of handing transition resources to Biden – and she isn't budging". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ "GSA's Role in Presidential Transitions". GSA.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ^ Holmes, Kristen; Herb, Jeremy (November 23, 2020). "First on CNN: Key government agency acknowledges Biden's win and begins formal transition". CNN. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ Gabriel, Trip; Saul, Stephanie (November 16, 2020). "Could State Legislatures Pick Electors to Vote for Trump? Not Likely". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ Gardner, Amy; et al. (November 18, 2020). "As defeats pile up, Trump tries to delay vote count in last-ditch attempt to cast doubt on Biden victory". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Levine, Sam (September 25, 2020). "Could Republicans ignore the popular vote and choose their own pro-Trump electors?". The Guardian. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ Muller, Derek (November 12, 2020). "Congress would stop the most rogue Electoral College scenarios in their tracks". Excess of Democracy. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
- ^ Lessig, Lawrence (November 18, 2020). "State legislatures do not have the power to veto the people's choice in an election". USA Today. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Prokop, Andrew (November 13, 2020). "The many obstacles to the 'GOP state legislatures steal the election for Trump' scenario". Vox. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ Colson, Thomas (November 20, 2020). "Trump has reportedly given up on overturning battleground defeats and is trying to delay a final vote count in a desperate bid to throw Biden's victory into doubt". Business Insider. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ Shear, Michael D. (December 3, 2020). "Trump, in Video From White House, Delivers a 46-Minute Diatribe on the 'Rigged' Election". The New York Times.
- ^ "McConnell for the first time recognizes Biden as President-elect". CNN. December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ Lipak, Kevin; Brown, Pamela (December 19, 2020). "Heated Oval Office meeting included talk of special counsel, martial law as Trump advisers clash". CNN News. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ Habberman, Maggie; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (December 19, 2020). "Trump Weighed Naming Election Conspiracy Theorist as Special Counsel". The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ Cheny, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 19, 2020). "Trump sought to tap Sidney Powell as special counsel for election fraud". Politico. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
- ^ Blake, Andrew (December 18, 2020). "Army brass rejects calls for martial law: 'No role' for military in determining election outcome". The Washington Times. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ Goodwin, Jazmin (December 20, 2020). "Trump's talk of martial law sends White House staffers rushing to the press". CNN News. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ Zapotosky, Matt (December 21, 2020). "Undercutting Trump, Barr says there's no basis for seizing voting machines, using special counsels for election fraud, Hunter Biden". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ "Capitol assault a more sinister attack than first appeared". Associated Press. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ Macias, Amanda; Mangan, Dan (January 6, 2021). "U.S. Capitol secured hours after pro-Trump rioters invade Congress". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "Capitol attack: Congress certifies Joe Biden's victory after deadly violence". BBC News. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ a b Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Bade, Rachael (December 7, 2020). "Trump asks Pennsylvania House speaker for help overturning election results, personally intervening in a third state". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ Kumar, Anita; Orr, Gabby; McGraw, Meridith (December 21, 2020). "Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election". Politico. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
- ^ Grayer, Annie; Kelly, Caroline; Vazquez, Maegan (November 21, 2020). "Michigan lawmakers who met with Trump say they see nothing to change election outcome". CNN. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Raymond, Jonathan (December 30, 2020). "Trump calls Gov. Kemp 'obstructionist,' says he should resign". 11Alive. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Saul, Stephanie (January 3, 2021). "Trump, in Taped Call, Pressured Georgia Official to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Allan; Moe, Alex (January 4, 2021). "Democrats ask FBI Director Wray to open criminal probe into Trump after leaked phone call - Reps. Ted Lieu and Kathleen Rice wrote that they believe Trump "engaged in solicitation of, or conspiracy to commit, a number of election crimes."". NBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
- ^ Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy (January 4, 2021). "House Republicans rush to Trump's defense over Georgia call as Democrats prep censure resolution". CNN News. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
- ^ Sonmez, Felicia (January 3, 2021). "Trump urges nearly 300 state legislators to decertify election results". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Cassidy, Christina A. (November 12, 2020). "EXPLAINER: Is Georgia's upcoming ballot 'audit' a recount?". Associated Press. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Speunt, Barbara (November 19, 2020). "Georgia's Recount Confirms Biden's Lead; AP Declares Him State's Winner". NPR. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ a b c Chandelis Duster (December 7, 2012). "Georgia reaffirms Biden's victory for 3rd time after recount, dealing major blow to Trump's attempt to overturn the results". CNN.
- ^ Linton, Caroline (November 21, 2020). "Georgia governor calls for audit after state certifies election results". CBS News. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Brumback, Kate (November 20, 2020). "Georgia officials certify election results showing Biden win". Associated Press.
- ^ Jester, Julia; Romero, Dennis (November 21, 2020). "Trump campaign asks for another Georgia recount". NBC News. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ David Wickert (December 13, 2020). "Georgia Supreme Court rejects Trump appeal". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ Josh Gerstein (November 19, 2020). "Federal judge rejects Trump ally's bid to block election certification in Georgia". Politico.
- ^ Amy Gardner; Colby Itkowitz; Josh Dawsey (December 5, 2020). "Trump calls Georgia governor to pressure him for help overturning Biden's win in the state". Washington Post.
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin; Mangan, Dan (November 18, 2020). "Trump campaign requests partial Wisconsin recount, deposits $3 million to challenge Biden victory". CNBC. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Deese, Kaelan (November 21, 2020). "Milwaukee officials accuse Trump observers of obstructing recount". The Hill. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
- ^ Marley, Patrick (November 29, 2020). "Biden gains 87 votes in Trump's $3 million Wisconsin recount as Dane County wraps up review. President plans lawsuit". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- ^ a b "Electoral College makes it official: Biden won, Trump lost". Associated Press. December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Haisten Willis; Jeremy Duda; Kathleen Masterson; David A. Fahrenthold (December 14, 2020). "As electoral college formalizes Biden's win, Trump backers hold their own vote". Washington Post.
- ^ Hutzler, Alexandra (December 14, 2020). "Electoral College Cements Joe Biden's Victory With Zero Faithless Electors". Newsweek. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
- ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (December 14, 2020). "Why Trump's latest Electoral College ploy is doomed to fail". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ a b Jonathan Easley, Biden rips Trump's refusal to concede after Electoral College vote, The Hill (December 14, 2020).
- ^ Lauren Gambino, Biden hails democracy and rebukes Trump after electoral college victory, The Guardian (December 14, 2020).
- ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Schmidt, Michael S. (December 14, 2020). "Trump Allies Eye Long-Shot Election Reversal in Congress, Testing Pence". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Brockell, Gillian (January 5, 2021). "The senators who were expelled after refusing to accept Lincoln's election". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
- ^ "GOP senator to object to Electoral College results, forcing Congress to vote on overturning Biden's win". NBC News.
- ^ Carney, Jordain (January 2, 2021). "11 Senate Republicans say they will oppose Electoral College results Wednesday". TheHill.
- ^ Broadwater, Luke (January 2, 2021). "Pence Welcomes Bid to Overturn Biden's Election as Republican Senators Join - The vice president's office said he welcomed the efforts of a group of Republican lawmakers who plan to object to the outcome of the election". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Cheney, Kyle. "Gohmert suit may force Pence's hand in effort to overturn Trump's defeat". POLITICO.
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin (December 28, 2020). "Congressman, other Republicans sue Vice President Pence in last-ditch effort to overturn Biden win". CNBC.
- ^ "Dismissal" (PDF).
- ^ Edmondson, Catie; Haberman, Maggie (January 1, 2021). "Federal Judge Dismisses Election Lawsuit Against Pence – President Trump's congressional allies had hoped to give the vice president the power to reject electoral votes that were cast for Joseph R. Biden Jr". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Vella, Lauren (January 2, 2021). "Appeals court dismisses Gohmert's election suit against Pence". The Hill. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Schmidt, Michael S. (January 5, 2021). "Trump Says Pence Can Overturn His Loss in Congress. That's Not How It Works". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie; Karni, Annie (January 5, 2021). "Pence Said to Have Told Trump He Lacks Power to Change Election Result". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ The Editorial Board (December 30, 2020). "Trump is inciting chaos on Jan. 6, both in and outside the Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Editorial board (December 30, 2020). "Trump is inciting chaos on Jan. 6, both in and outside the Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Graham, David (January 6, 2021). "This Is a Coup". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Dartunorro, Clark; Thorp V, Frank (January 8, 2021). "Capitol Police officer dies from injuries after clashing with pro-Trump mob". NBC News. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
- ^ Dozier, Kimberly; Bergengruen, Vera (January 7, 2021). "Incited by the President, Trump Supporters Violently Storm the Capitol". Time. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "Donald Trump becomes the first US president to be impeached for a second time – as it happened". The Guardian. January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ^ "Roll Call Vote 117th Congress – 1st Session: On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Gosar, and the Senator from Texas, Mr. Cruz, and Others Be Sustained? )". www.senate.gov. United States Senate. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ King, Ledyard; Groppe, Maureen; Wu, Nicholas; Jansen, Bart; Subramanian, Courtney; Garrison, Joey (January 6, 2021). "Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "Congress affirms Biden's Electoral College victory". CNN. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "Bush files resolution to expel Republican lawmakers who objected to election results". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. January 12, 2021.
Further reading
- Karni, Annie (October 12, 2020). "The Crowded, Competitive World of Anti-Trump G.O.P. Groups". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- Wasserman, Dave (October 1, 2020). "Trump Is Winning the Voter Registration Battle Against Biden in Key States". NBC News. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- Witte, Griff; Kelley, Pam; Spolar, Christine (October 11, 2020). "As Trump Stumbles, Voters Finalize Their Choices, and Biden's Lead Grows". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
External links
- General Elections, 3 November 2020, Reports and findings from the OSCE/ODIHR election observation mission
| vteJoe Biden | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Early career |
| ||||||
| Presidency |
| ||||||
| Elections |
| ||||||
| Family |
| ||||||
| Writings |
| ||||||
| Speeches |
| ||||||
| Mediadepictions |
| ||||||
| Honors |
| ||||||
| Related |
| ||||||
| |||||||
Book
Category
Commons
.jpg){kind=link}
| vteDonald Trump | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Presidency |
| |
| Life andpolitics |
| |
| Books |
| |
| Speeches |
| |
| Campaigns |
| |
| Related |
| |
| Family |
| |
| ||
| vteKamala Harris | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
| Politics |
| ||||||||
| Elections |
| ||||||||
| Family |
| ||||||||
| Books |
| ||||||||
| Public image |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
| vteMike Pence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| Politics |
| ||||
| Campaigns |
| ||||
| Related |
| ||||
| In popular culture |
| ||||
| Family |
| ||||
| |||||
