Alessandria ( pronunciación italiana: [alesˈsandrja] ( escuchar )
; piamontesa : Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja] ) es una ciudad y comuna en Piamonte, Italia , y la capital de la provincia de Alessandria . La ciudad está ubicada en la llanura aluvial entre losríos Tanaro y Bormida , a unos 90 kilómetros (56 millas) al sureste de Turín .
| Alessandria Lissandria ( piamontesa ) | |
|---|---|
| Comune di Alessandria | |
 Catedral de Alessandria en la Piazza del Duomo | |
 Bandera  Escudo de armas | |
  Alessandria Ubicación de Alessandria en Piamonte | |
| Coordenadas: 44 ° 55′N 08 ° 37′E / 44.917 ° N 8.617 ° ECoordenadas : 44 ° 55'N 08 ° 37'E / 44.917 ° N 8.617 ° E | |
| País | Italia |
| Región | Piamonte |
| Provincia | Alessandria (AL) |
| Frazioni | Spinetta Marengo , Cantalupo, Casalbagliano, Cascina Morione, Cascinagrossa, Castelceriolo, Cornaglie, Cristo, Filippona, Gerlotti, Litta Parodi, Lobbi, Mandrogne, Molinetto, Orti, Pagella, Porrona, Profumati, San Giuliano, San Giuliano Nuovo, San Giuliano Vecchio, San Giuliano Vecchio San Michele, Settimio, Valle San Bartolomeo, Valmadonna, Villa Del Foro |
| Gobierno | |
| • Alcalde | Gianfranco Cuttica di Revigliasco (Lega Nord) |
| Área [1] | |
| • Total | 204 km 2 (79 millas cuadradas) |
| Elevación | 95 m (312 pies) |
| Población (1-1-2017) [2] | |
| • Total | 93,839 |
| • Densidad | 460 / km 2 (1200 / millas cuadradas) |
| Demonyms | Alessandrini, apodo: Mandrogni |
| Zona horaria | UTC + 1 ( CET ) |
| • Verano ( DST ) | UTC + 2 ( CEST ) |
| Código Postal | 15121–15122 |
| Codigo para marcar | 0131 |
| Patrona | San Baudolino |
| Día santo | 10 de noviembre |
| Sitio web | Página web oficial |
Alessandria es también un importante centro ferroviario .
Historia
Alessandria fue fundada en 1168 con una carta de comuna libre; estaba ubicado sobre un núcleo urbano preexistente, para servir como bastión de la Liga Lombard , defendiendo las libertades tradicionales de las comunas del norte de Italia contra las fuerzas imperiales de Federico Barbarroja . Alessandria estaba en los territorios del marqués de Montferrat , un aliado incondicional del Emperador, con un nombre asumido en 1168 en honor al oponente del Emperador, el Papa Alejandro III . En 1174-1175 la fortaleza fue duramente probada por el asedio imperial y se mantuvo firme. Una leyenda (relatada en el libro Baudolino de Umberto Eco , y que recuerda una sobre la exitosa defensa de Perugia por parte del obispo Herculanus varios siglos antes) dice que fue salvada por un campesino ingenioso, Gagliaudo: alimentó a su vaca con el último grano que quedaba. dentro de la ciudad, luego lo llevó fuera de las murallas de la ciudad hasta que llegó al campamento imperial . Aquí fue capturado, y su vaca cortada para cocinarla: cuando los imperiales encontraron el estómago de la vaca lleno de grano, se le preguntó a Gagliaudo la razón para desperdiciar una comida tan rica. Él respondió que se vio obligado a alimentar a su vaca con grano porque había mucho y no había espacio para colocarlo dentro de la ciudad. El emperador, temiendo que el asedio durara demasiado, dejó libre a Alessandria (probablemente la malaria fue la verdadera causa de su partida). Se puede encontrar una estatua de Gagliaudo en la esquina izquierda de la catedral de la ciudad.
Alessandria entró en celos conflictos con las comunas más antiguas de la región, en particular con Asti . [3]
En 1348 Alessandria cayó en manos de los Visconti y pasó con sus posesiones a los Sforza , siguiendo la carrera de Milán , hasta 1707, cuando fue cedida a la Casa de Saboya y en adelante formó parte del Piamonte . La nueva dominación se evidenció con la construcción de una nueva gran Cittadella en el lado izquierdo del río Tanaro, frente a la ciudad.
Con el éxito de Napoleón en la batalla de Marengo (1800) , Alessandria cayó ante Francia y se convirtió en la capital del departamento napoleónico de Marengo . Durante este período, se construyó otro fuerte importante al norte de la ciudad que contiene cuarteles impresionantes y sustanciales que todavía se utilizan como cuartel general militar y tiendas (2006). Los restos de un segundo fuerte al sur de la ciudad (barrio de Cristo) han sido partidos en dos por un ferrocarril (Forte ferrovia); un tercero aún permanece en medio del mismo trimestre (Forte Acqui).
From 1814 Alessandria was Savoyard territory once more, part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. During the years of the Risorgimento, Alessandria was an active center of the liberals.
In a suburb, Spinetta Marengo, the Battle of Marengo is reenacted annually, on June 14.
Alessandria was the first capital of an Italian province to be governed by a Socialist: the clockmaker Paolo Sacco was elected mayor on July 25, 1899.
Owing to its marshalling yard and the bridges on the Tanaro and Bormida, Alessandria was a strategic military target during World War II and was subjected to intense Allied bombing (especially during Operation Strangle), the most serious being the raids of April 30, 1944, with 238 dead and hundreds wounded, and April 5, 1945, with 160 deaths, among them 60 children from the children's asylum in Via Gagliaudo. Altogether, 559 people were killed by air raids on Alessandria, which destroyed or badly damaged a thousand buildings.[4][5][6] On 29 April 1945 the city was liberated from the German occupation (1943–1945) by the partisan resistance and troops of Brazilian Expeditionary Force.
On November 6, 1994, the Tanaro flooded a good part of the city, causing major damage, especially in the Orti quarter.
Jewish history
The first known Jews in Alessandria, named Abraham (son of Joseph Vitale de Sacerdoti Cohen) opened a loan bank in or about 1490.[7] In 1590, the Jews were expelled from the Duchy of Milan, and one of Abraham's descendants travelled to Madrid, which ruled the Duchy, and was permitted to stay in the town due to a large sum owed him by the government. Of the 230 Jews living in the city in 1684, 170 were members of the Vitale family. The Jewish Ghetto was established in 1724. Between 1796 and 1814, among the rest of Italian Jewry, the city Jewish congregation was emancipated, under French influence. According to Benito Mussolini's census in 1938, the town had 101 Jews.[7] On December 13, 1943, The synagogue on Via Milano was attacked by supporters of the Italian Social Republic. Books and manuscripts were taken out of the synagogue and were set on fire at Piazza Rattazzi. In total, 48 Jews were sent from the province of Alessandria to death, most of them in Auschwitz.[7]
Geografía
Climate
Alessandria is located in a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), the city has moderately cold winters and hot, sultry summers. Rainfall is moderate, with two minimums (summer and winter) and two maximums in autumn and spring.
| Climate data for Alessandria | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | 12.6 (54.6) | 17.7 (63.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.7 (80.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.6 (83.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 16.9 (62.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 4.4 (40.0) | 16.8 (62.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) | −0.6 (31.0) | 3.7 (38.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.2 (61.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | 3.9 (39.1) | −0.4 (31.3) | 8.4 (47.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) | 37 (1.46) | 54 (2.13) | 64 (2.52) | 60 (2.36) | 47 (1.85) | 32 (1.26) | 36 (1.42) | 43 (1.69) | 74 (2.92) | 72 (2.84) | 46 (1.81) | 603 (23.75) |
| Source: Intellicast[8] | |||||||||||||
Gobierno
Principales vistas
Monuments
- Citadella Militare (18th century)
- The church of Santa Maria di Castello (14th and 15th century)
- The church of Santa Maria del Carmine (15th century)
- Palazzo Ghilini (1732)
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- The Italian Branch of the Sabbath Rest Advent Church, Chiesa avventista del riposo sabatico.[9][10][11]
Museums
- The Marengo Battle Museum
- Antiquarium Forum Fulvii
- Sale d'arte
- I percorsi del Museo Civico
- Museo del Fiume
- Museo di Scienze Naturali e Planetario
- Museo Etnografico "C'era una volta"
- Museo del Cappello Borsalino
- Sistema dei musei civici[12]
Cemetery
- Cimitero Urbano di Alessandria
Eventos
- The annual Fraskettando SkaBluesJazz Festival,[13] which takes place on the first weekend of July, has showcased the Blues Brothers, Eddie Floyd, Al Di Meola, Taj Mahal, Soft Machine, Mario Biondi, Mick Abrahams & Clive Bunker and many others.
- Michele Pittaluga International Classical Guitar Competition Premio Città di Alessandria
- International Rally "Madonnina dei Centauri".[14]
- The International Kendo Trophy "City of Alessandria"
Transporte
Alessandria railway station, opened in 1850, forms part of the Turin–Genoa railway. It is also a junction for six other lines, to Piacenza, Novara, Pavia, Cavallermaggiore, Ovada and San Giuseppe di Cairo, respectively.
Deporte
The town's professional football team is US Alessandria.
Personas nacidas en Alessandria
- Sibilla Aleramo (1876–1960), writer
- Walter Audisio (1909–1973), partisan
- Saint Baudolino (c. 700 – c. 740), hermit of Forum Fulvii
- Umberto Eco (1932-2016), writer
- Francesco Faà di Bruno (1825–1888), mathematician and priest
- Giovanni Ferrari (1907–1982), footballer
- Marta Gastini (born 1989), actress
- Blessed Teresa Grillo Michel (1855–1944), founder of the Congregation of the Little Sisters of Divine Providence.
- Georgius Merula (c. 1430 – 1494), humanist
- Giovanni Migliara (1785–1837), painter
- Angelo Morbelli (1854–1919), painter
- Cristina Parodi (born 1964), journalist
- Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873), statesman of the Risorgimento
- Gianni Rivera (born 1943), footballer
- Franz Sala (1886–1952), film actor and makeup artist
- Franco Sassi (1912–1993), painter
- Pier Paolo Scarrone (born 1951), footballer
- Giuseppe Vermiglio (16th–17th centuries), painter
Ciudades gemelas - ciudades hermanas
Alessandria is twinned with:[15]
- Argenteuil, France, since 1960
- Jericho, Palestine, since 2004
- Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, since 1961
- Karlovac, Croatia, since 1963
- Rosario, Argentina, since 1988
- Alba Iulia, Romania, since 1990
Ver también
- Lacabòn, a local cake
- Villa del Foro, a western suburb of the town which was the site of a Roman settlement.
Referencias
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Istat. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Istat. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 543.
- ^ Memoriale delle vittime dei bombardamenti Alleati della II Guerra Mondiale
- ^ Ricordo dell’inutile strage dal cielo: un memoriale con i nomi delle 559 vittime dei bombardamenti
- ^ Alessandria ricorda le 559 Vittime dei bombardamenti alleati della II guerra mondiale
- ^ a b c "Alessandria". Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Gale Group. 2008.
- ^ "Alessandria historic weather averages". The Casaccia Center of Enea. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ Schmid, Georg; Eggenberger, Oswald (2001). Die Kirchen, Sondergruppen und religiösen Vereinigungen: ein Handbuch. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. pp. 166–67. ISBN 978-3-290-17215-2. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
- ^ "'Gottesherrschaft' im Alltagsleben" (PDF). Siegener Zeitung. 8 April 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ Sabbath Rest Advent Church, The History of the Sabbath Rest Advent Church, 2002.
- ^ "Città di Alessandria". www.comune.alessandria.it.
- ^ Fraskettando SkaBluesJazz Festival official website. Archived 2011-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sito ufficiale del Moto Club Madonnina dei Centauri di Alessandria". www.mcmadonnina.it.
- ^ "Città gemellate". comune.alessandria.it (in Italian). Alessandria. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
enlaces externos
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- The official website of the city council (in Italian)
