Las diferencias de pronunciación entre el inglés americano (AmE) y el inglés británico (BrE) se pueden dividir en
- diferencias en el acento (es decir, inventario y realización de fonemas ). Vea las diferencias entre la pronunciación general americana y recibida para los acentos estándar en los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña; Para obtener información sobre otros acentos, consulte Acentos regionales de hablantes de inglés .
- diferencias en la pronunciación de palabras individuales en el léxico (es decir, distribución de fonemas ). En este artículo, las transcripciones utilizan la pronunciación recibida (RP) para representar a BrE y el americano general (GAm) para representar a AmE.
En la siguiente discusión:
- El superíndice A2 después de una palabra indica que la pronunciación BrE de la palabra es una variante común en AmE.
- El superíndice B2 después de una palabra indica que la pronunciación AmE de la palabra es una variante común en BrE.
- El superíndice A1 después de una palabra indica que la pronunciación dada como BrE es también la variante más común en AmE.
- El superíndice B1 después de una palabra indica que la pronunciación dada como AmE es también la variante más común en BrE.
Estrés
Subíndice a o b medios que la vocal átona relevante también se reduce a / ə / o / ɪ / en AME o BrE, respectivamente.
Estrés francés
Para muchos préstamos del francés, AmE tiene acentuación de sílaba final, mientras que BrE acentúa una sílaba anterior. Los préstamos franceses que difieren únicamente en el acento se enumeran a continuación.
BrE | AmE | palabras con la sílaba relevante acentuada en cada dialecto [1] |
---|---|---|
1er | 2do | débâcle B2 [nb 1] |
2do | 1er | artesanal A1 , enlace ab A2 * [nb 2] , macramé ab , bigote / bigote, [nb 3] Renacimiento , ab [nb 4] diana [nb 5] |
1er | último | ballet, bandeau, barrage a , [nb 6] baton ab * , beignet, boina a [nb 7] , bidé, blasé A2 , bouffant A2 , [nb 8] brasserie b , brassière ab , brevet ab A2 , [2] folleto b * B2 , [nb 9] [3] brûlée, buffet a , [nb 10] [4] bustier, [nb 11] cachet A2 , café * a * b , cafeína A2 , calvados, [nb 12] canard a B1 , [5] disgusto a , chalet A2 , castillo, chófer A2 , cliché * a , collage a * B2 , corneta, crochet, croissant * a , croquet, escombros a A2 , [nb 13] debut, decoración A2 , detalle a A2 , espada, figurilla B2 , filete b , [nb 14] [6] flambé, [nb 15] frappé, fricandeau, frontier, garage a B2 , [nb 16] gâteau, glacé, gourmet A2 , lamé, [nb 17] lencería , [nb 18] macizo, masaje, matinée, métier, espejismo B2 , negligee A2 , névé, indiferente b A2 , indescriptible, nouveau, parfait, parquet * b , pastel b B2 , pastilla b , [nb 19] paté, [nb 20] pensión, [nb 21] pissoir, plateau, précis A2 , protegido b B2 , [nb 22] [8] puré, rentista, risqué, roué, rouleau, bolsita, salón a , salteado, savant ab A2 , velada, solfeo , [ 9] sorbete a , [nb 23] [10] salida, soufflé, soupçon, [11] tableau, tonneau, touché, toupée, triage, ajuar, vacuna, valet, vermú B2 . También algunos nombres franceses, incluyendo: Argand , [nb 24] Avignon a [nb 25] [12] Beauvoir , [nb 26] [13] Bizet , [nb 27] [14] Calais , [nb 28] [15] Cartier , [nb 29] [16] Chardonnay , [nb 30] [17] Chopin , [nb 31] [18] Citroën , [nb 32] Degas , [nb 33] [19] Depardieu , [nb 34] [20] Dijon , [nb 35] [21] Dumas , [nb 36] [22] Flaubert , [nb 37] [23] Gerard , [nb 38] [24] Lyon , [nb 39] [25] Manet , [nb 40 ] [26] Massenet , [nb 41] Maurice , [nb 42] [27] Millais , [nb 43] [28] Molière , [nb 44] [29] Monet , [nb 45] [30] Perpignan , [nb 46] [31] Peugeot , [nb 47] Piaf , [nb 48] [32] Poitiers , [nb 49] [33] Poussin , [nb 50] [34] Rabelais , [nb 51] [35] Renault a , [nb 52] [36] Rimbaud , [nb 53] [37] Roget , [nb 54] [38] Rouen , [nb 55] [39] Satie , [nb 56] [40] Seurat , [nb 57] [ 41] Thoreau , [nb 58] [42] Valois , [nb 59] [43] Vouvray , [nb 60] [44] Watteau . [nb 61] [45] |
último | 1er | dirección b A1 (sustantivo), cigarrillo, esquire b * A2 , lichi, [nb 62] revista A2 , mayonesa A2 , [nb 63] inclinación, [nb 64] chalota A2 , [nb 65] timbal, [nb 66] diatriba A2 , ((bi) p) artesano a . B1 / 2 [nb 67] También algunos nombres franceses, entre ellos: Dunkerque , Níger [nb 68] |
2do | último | accouchement, arrondissement, agregado, charivari, consommé a , cor anglais B2 , décolleté, déclassé, démodé, [46] dénouement, divertissement, [nb 69] distingué, escargot, exposé, fiancé (e) A2 , [nb 70] financier, baúl, acercamiento, retroussé, sommelier. También algunos nombres franceses, entre ellos: Debussy b , Dubonnet a , Montpellier , Parmentier , Piaget , Rambouillet . |
Verbos terminados en -ate
La mayoría de los verbos de 2 sílabas que terminan en -ate tienen acento de primera sílaba en AmE y acento de segunda sílaba en BrE. Esto incluye castración , intercalación , cremate A2 , [47] cura , dictan A2 , donar A2 , frustrar , gradate , gyrate , hidrato , localizar A2 , migrate , mutar , narrate b A2 , phonate , placate b B2 , postrado , pulsate , rotate , serrado A2 , espectate , estancado , estriado , [48] traducir A2 , truncar , desocupar b * A2 , [49] vibrar A2 . Los ejemplos en los que AmE y BrE coinciden incluyen combinar , crear , debatir , equiparar , exaltar , inflar , negar ; y mandato y legalización con acento de primera sílaba. Los sustantivos derivados en -ator retienen la distinción, pero los de -ation no. Además, B2 migratorio [50] y B2 vibratorio [51] a veces conservan la distinción.
La mayoría de los ya -ate verbos se pronuncian igual en AmE y BrE, pero unos pocos tienen estrés primera sílaba en BrE y el estrés de segunda sílaba en AmE: alargar una A2 , impregnado , inculcate , inculpate , infiltrado A2 , remonstrate ab A2 , [ 52] secuestra , tergiversa un A1 [nb 71] . [53] En el caso de algunos adjetivos derivados, la terminación -acentuación de aforismo- cambia a -a (tory) - aparece en BrE. Entre estos casos son de celebración una [54] (BrE: / ˌ s ɛ l ɪ b r eɪ t ər i / ), compensatoria una , [55] participativo una , [56] regulador un B1 . [57] AmE enfatiza la misma sílaba que el verbo -ate correspondiente (excepto compensatorio , donde AmE enfatiza la segunda sílaba). A más -atory diferencia es laboratorio B2 : AmE / l æ b ər ə t ɔr i / y BrE / l ə b ɒr ə t ər i / . [58]
Estrés misceláneo
Hay varios casos en los que el sustantivo, verbo y / o adjetivo con la misma ortografía tienen un acento uniforme en un dialecto pero un acento distinto en el otro (por ejemplo , alternativo , prospectivo ): ver sustantivo derivado del acento inicial .
La siguiente tabla enumera las palabras que no se mencionaron en la discusión hasta ahora, donde la principal diferencia entre AmE y BrE está en el estrés. Por lo general, también sigue una reducción de la vocal átona. Las palabras marcadas con el subíndice A o B son excepciones a esto y, por lo tanto, retienen una vocal completa en la sílaba (relativamente) átona de AmE o BrE. Un asterisco posterior , * , significa que normalmente se conserva la vocal completa ; un * precedente significa que a veces se conserva la vocal completa .
Las palabras con otros puntos de diferencia se enumeran en una tabla posterior .
BrE | AmE | palabras con la sílaba relevante acentuada en cada dialecto [1] |
---|---|---|
1er | 2do | Adonai AB2 , adulto B AB2 , albúmina / albúmina, aristócrata, Bernard , [nb 72] betún, cerebral / cerebro A2 , combatiente / combativo, comunal, complejo (adj.), Compuesto, inverso A2 (adj.), [59] ilustrativo A2 , mayúscula A2 , minúscula / minúscula, Mosul , omega A , [nb 73] pátina A1 , perfume (sustantivo), pianista AB2 , sitar, estancia (verbo), estalactita A2 , estalagmita A2 , subalterno A2 , [nb 74] Suez A2 * , acción de gracias AB B2 , transferencia A A2 , dolores de parto, Ulises A |
2do | 1er | acento (verbo) A2 , alterno (adj.), amortizar / amortizar, auxiliar B , arcángel B1 , Argyle , Agustín B A2 , Azores , contraataque (verbo), banal A2 , bautizar, Bagdad , Balthazar , bizantino , capilar, volcar, catenaria, cervical A B2 , [nb 75] (bi / quin / quater) centenario B2 , circulatorio, controversia B1 , Corfú , corolario, defensa / ofensa A A2 (solo deportes), déficit B1 , [nb 76] despreciable B2 , en otros lugares AB AB2 , consulta / consulta A A2 , [nb 77] épsilon, improperio A , fritillary, [nb 78] Galbraith , risotada A1 , [nb 79] [60] Hong Kong A2 , implicativo / multiplicativo / predicativo, Mardi Gras , marshmallow AB , [nb 80] maxilar, medular, [nb 81] metalurgia, miscelánea, [nb 82] nomenclatura AB2 , obligatorio, patronal, pretensión / pretensión A A1 , princesa * A B2 , [nb 83] prospecto (verbo), recluso , recurso, investigación (sustantivo), recurso, respiratorio, saxofonista / xilofonista B B2 , esquelético B B2 , [nb 84] espineta, extensión (-) águila AB , [61] Stonehenge , muro de piedra, sustrato AB A2 , tráquea A B2 , uri nal A B2 , [nb 85] vaginal A B2 , [nb 86] volatilizar / volatilizar, papel de desecho, waylay, fin de semana AB B2 , Zoroastro |
1er | Tercero | oportuno AB B2 |
Tercero | 1er | Bucarest , Budapest , disciplinaria, [nb 87] además, h (a) emoglobin AB , manganeso, manatí B2 , margarina B , Pakistán A2 , [62] Panamá , Pyrenees AB , Singapur , azafata B2 |
2do | Tercero | submarinista A2 , Yom Kipur |
Tercero | 2do | en la superficie, aluminio / aluminio, aritenoide A1 , Caribe A2 , centrífuga B2 , chimpancé A1 , oscurantismo AB A2 [63] |
Cuarto | 1er | directora |
Afijos
-ary, -ery, -ory, -mony, -ative, -bury, -berry
Donde la sílaba que precede a los sufijos -ary , -ery , -ory , -mony o -ative no está acentuada, AmE pronuncia la penúltima sílaba con un sonido de vocal completo: / - ɛr i / para -ary y -ery , / - ɔːr i / para -ory , / - m oʊ n i / para -monía y / - eɪ t ɪ v / -ative. BrE reduce la vocal a un schwa o incluso la omite por completo: [-əri] o [-ri] (de aquí en adelante transcrito como / - ər i / en transcripción diafonémica), / - m ə n i / y / - ə t ɪ v / . Así militar es AmE / m ɪ l ə t ɛr i / y BrE / m ɪ l ɪ t ər i / , [64] inventario es AmE / ɪ n v ən t ɔr i / y BrE / ɪ n v ən t ər i / , [65] testimonio es AmE / t ɛ s t ə m oʊ n i / y BrE / t ɛ s t ɪ m ə n i / [66] e innovador es AmE / ɪ n oʊ v eɪ t ɪ v / o / ɪ n ə v eɪ t ɪ v / y BrE / ɪ n ə v ə t ɪ v / . [67] (La elisión se evita en un discurso cuidadosamente enunciado, especialmente con terminaciones -rary , -rery , -rory . [ Cita requerida ] )
Sin embargo, cuando la sílaba que precede a -ary , -ery , -ory , -mony o -ative está acentuada, AmE también suele reducir la vocal: / - ər i / , / - m ə n i / . Las excepciones incluyen biblioteca , [68] primaria A2 , [69] romero . [70] (pronunciando biblioteca como / l aɪ b ɛr i / en lugar de / l aɪ b r ɛr i / es estigmatizada en los Estados Unidos, por ejemplo como asociado con afroamericana vernácula Inglés , [71] mientras que en BrE , / l aɪ b r i / es común en el habla rápida o casual.)
El sufijo -berry se pronuncia con reglas similares, excepto que en BrE puede ser completo / - b ɛr i / después de una sílaba átona, mientras que en AmE suele estar completo en todos los casos. Así tenemos fresa : BrE / s t r ɔː b ər i / , Ame / s t r ɔː b ɛr i / , y whortleberry : BrE / AmE / hw ɔr t əl b ɛr i / .
El componente de nombre de lugar -bury (por ejemplo, Canterbury ) tiene una diferencia similar: AmE tiene una vocal completa: / - b ɛr i / donde BrE tiene una reducida: / - b ər i / .
Tenga en cuenta que las diferencias de acento entre los dialectos ocurren con algunas palabras que terminan en -atory (enumeradas arriba ) y algunas otras como capilar (incluido en el # acento misceláneo arriba).
Anteriormente, la distinción BrE-AmE para los adjetivos se trasladaba a los adverbios correspondientes que terminan en -ally , -erily o -orily . Sin embargo, hoy en día algunos altavoces BrE adoptar la práctica AmE de cambio de la tensión a la penúltima sílaba: militarmente es así a veces / ˌ m ɪ l ɪ t ɛr ɪ l i / en lugar de / m ɪ l ɪ t ər ə l i / , y necesariamente está en BrE ya sea / n ɛ s ə s ər ɪ l i / o / ˌ n ɛ s ə s ɛr ɪ l i / . [72]
-ile
Las palabras que terminan en -ile átono derivan de los adjetivos latinos que terminan en -ilis se pronuncian principalmente con una vocal completa en BrE / aɪ l / pero una vocal reducida o L silábica en AmE / əl / (por ejemplo, rimas fértiles con fur tile en BrE pero con furtle en AmE).
AmE (a diferencia de BrE, excepto cuando se indica con B2 ) tendrá una última vocal reducida:
- generalmente en fácil , (in) fértil , fisible , frágil , misil , estable (adjetivo), estéril , extensible , versátil , viril , volátil
- generalmente en ágil , dócil , [nb 88] decil , dúctil , [73] inútil , hostil , juvenil , (im) móvil (adjetivo y teléfono), pueril , táctil
- raramente en domicilio B2 , [nb 89] eréctil , febril A2 , [74] [nb 90] infantil , núbil , pensil , percentil , proyectil , [75] reptil , senil A2 , [nb 91] servil , textil , útil [76 ]
- nunca en cocodrilo , exilio , gentil , reconciliar ; ni a compuestos de monosílabos (por ejemplo, torniquete de montante )
En algunas palabras también entra en juego la pronunciación / iː l / :
- BrE / aɪ l / , AmE / iː l / : c (h) amomile A2 , mercantil A2 , móvil / estable (decoraciones)
- BrE / aɪ l / , AmE / ɪ l / o / əl / : móvil , prensil , pulsátil , tractor
- BrE / iː l / , AmE / ɪ l / o / əl / : imbécil
- BrE /ɪl/, AmE /iːl/: rutile (BrE, AmE also /aɪl/)[77]
Related endings -ility, -ilize, -iliary are pronounced the same in AmE as BrE.
di-
The pronunciation of the vowel of the prefix di- in words such as dichotomy, digest (verb), dilate, dilemma, dilute, diluvial, dimension, direct, dissect, disyllable, divagate, diverge, diverse, divert, divest, and divulge as well as their derivational forms vary between /aɪ/ and /ɪ/ or /ə/ in both British and American English.[78]:237
-ine
The suffix -ine,[9] when unstressed, is pronounced sometimes /aɪn/ (e.g. feline), sometimes /iːn/ (e.g. morphine) and sometimes /ɪn/ (e.g. medicine). Some words have variable pronunciation within BrE, or within AmE, or between BrE and AmE. Generally, AmE is more likely to favor /iːn/ or /ɪn/, and BrE to favor /aɪn/.
BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /iːn/: carbineA2, FlorentineA2, internecineA2, philistineA2, pristineB2[nb 92], salineA2, serpentineA2.
BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /iːn/ (2) /ɪn/: adamantineA2.
BrE /aɪn/, AmE /ɪn/: uterineB2.
BrE /aɪn/, AmE (1) /ɪn/ (2) /aɪn/ (3) /iːn/: crystalline, labyrinthine.[79]
BrE (1) /iːn/, AmE (1) /aɪn/ (2) /ɪn/: strychnineA2.
Effects of the weak vowel merger
The weak vowel merger causes affixes such as -ate (as in climate), be- (before a consonant), de- (as in decide), -ed (with a sounded vowel), -es (with a sounded vowel), -est, -less, -ness, pre- (as in prepare) and re- (before a consonant) to be pronounced with the schwa /ə/ (the a in about), rather than the unstressed /ɪ/ (found in the second syllable of locksmith). Conservative RP uses /ɪ/ in each case, so that before, waited, roses and faithless are pronounced /bɪˈfɔːr, ˈweɪtɪd, ˈroʊzɪz, ˈfeɪθlɪs/, rather than /bəˈfɔːr, ˈweɪtəd, ˈroʊzəz, ˈfeɪθləs/, which are more usual in General American. The pronunciations with /ə/ are gaining ground in RP and in the case of certain suffixes (such as -ate and -less) have become the predominant variants. The noun carelessness is pronounced /ˈkɛərləsnəs/ in modern RP and /ˈkɛərlɪsnɪs/ in conservative RP; both pronunciations typically merge in GA (usually towards the latter). This variation is denoted with the symbol ⟨ᵻ⟩ in some of the dictionaries published by Oxford University Press and in the Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation of Current English. In the latter, the British pronunciation of climate is transcribed ⟨ˈklʌɪmᵻt⟩, though carelessness is transcribed ⟨ˈkɛːləsnəs⟩.
Affixes such as dis-, in-, -ing and mis- contain /ɪ/ in conservative RP as well as General American and modern RP, so that words such as disloyal or teaching are phonemically /dɪsˈlɔɪəl/ and /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/ in all three varieties.
Formas débiles
The title Saint before a person's name has a weak form in BrE but not AmE: before vowels, /sənt/.[80]
Diferencias de pronunciación diversas
These tables list words pronounced differently but spelled the same. See also the table of words with different pronunciation reflected in the spelling.
Single differences
Words with multiple points of difference of pronunciation are in the table after this one. Accent-based differences are ignored. For example, Moscow is RP /ˈmɒskoʊ/ and GAm /ˈmɒskaʊ/, but only the /oʊ/–/aʊ/ difference is highlighted here, since both the presence of a contrastive /ɒ/ vowel in RP (which falls together with /ɑː/ in GA) and the RP use of [əʊ] rather than [oʊ] are predictable from the accent. Also, tiara is listed with AmE /æ/; the marry–merry–Mary merger changes this vowel for many Americans.
Many sources omit the length marks in transcriptions of AmE, so that words such as father or keep are transcribed /ˈfɑðər/ and /ˈkip/ rather than /ˈfɑːðər/ and /ˈkiːp/. Even though it is not phonemic, vowel length in GA works in a very similar manner to RP, so this is mainly a difference in transcription.
A2 means that American speakers may also use the British pronunciation;B2 means that British speakers may also use the American pronunciation.
BrE | AmE | Words |
---|---|---|
/ɑː/ | /æ/ | Excluding words changed by the trap–bath split,[81] (which affects most southern British speakers and almost no American speakers): banana, cabana, choraleA2, ColoradoA2, Internationale, khakiA2, localeA2, mascara, morale, musicale, NevadaA2,[nb 93][82] pajama(s)A2, PakistaniAB2, pastorale, plaqueB2, rale, rationale, SaharaA2, sarsaparilla, scenarioA2, sopranoA2, SudanB2, sultana, tiaraA2. Suffix words ending in -orama/-ramaA2: cyclorama, diorama and panorama. |
/æ/ | /ɑː/ | "A" in the anglicised pronunciation of many foreign names and loanwords,[83] e.g.: AngstA2, AnkaraA2, aquaA2, Ariosto, Asti, Baku, Balaton, Basra, Białystok, Bratislava, camaraderie, CaracasB2, Carpaccio, CasablancaA2, Casals, caveatA2, Cézanne,[nb 94] chiantiA2, Chiapas, dacha, Dachau, d'Annunzio, Delgado, Dushanbe, Francesca, goulashA2, grappa, Gulag, hacienda, Haryana, Kafka, Kampala, kampong, kanji, Kant, kebab,[84] Las (placenames, e.g. Las Vegas)A2, lasagnaB2, latteB2, Lausanne, macho, mafia, MannA2, Mascagni, MilanA2, Mohammed, MombasaA2, Pablo PicassoA2, paparazzo, paso doble, pasta, patioA2, pilaf(f), quattrocento, Rachmaninoff, rallentandoA2, ravioliA2, regattaA2, samizdat, sanitaire, shaman, SlovakA2, squacco, Sri LankaA2, taco, tagliatelle, trattoria, tzatziki, Uganda, Vivaldi, wigwam, Wuhan, Yerevan |
/ɑː/ | /eɪ/ | charade, cicadaA2, galaAB2,[nb 95] graveA2(accent), pralineB2,[85] stratumB2,[nb 96][9] tomatoA2 |
/eɪ/ | /ɑː/ | agave, swathe |
/æ/ | /eɪ/ | AdolfA2, basil (plant)A2, canineB2, granary, (im)placable, macronA2, pal(a)eo-, patronise/-izeA2, (com/un)patriot(ic)B2, (ex/re)patriate/-ationB2, phalanxA2, plaitA2, Sabine, satrapA2, satyrA2,[9] shaman |
/eɪ/ | /æ/ | apparatusA2, apricotA2, babel, comrade, dahlia,[nb 97] dataA2, digitalisA2, gratisB2, patentB2, rabidB2, statusA2[9] |
/æ/B2 | /ɒ/ | twat |
/ɒ/ | /æ/ | quagmireB2,[86] scallopB2, wrath[nb 98] |
/ɔː/B2 | /oʊ/A2 | Xhosa |
/oʊ/ | /ɔː/ or /ɒ/ | sloth, trothA2, wontA2, wrothB2 |
/ɔː/ | /ɑː/A2 | schmaltz(y) |
/æ/ | /ɔː/ | asphalt |
/ɒ/ | /ɔː/ | Excluding words changed by the lot-cloth split: alcoholA2, atollA2, AustinB2, gnocchiA2,[nb 99] oratoryA2, parasolA2, sausage,[87] |
/ɔː/ | /ɒ/A2 | leprechaun[88] |
/ɔː(l)/ or /ɒl/[9][89] | /æl/A2 | falcon |
/iː/ | /ɛ/ | Aesculapius, Aeschylus, (a)esthete/-ticB2,[90] an(a)esthetist/-ize, amenityB2,[91] breveA2, D(a)edalus, (d)evolutionB2, eco-A2, ecumenicalB2, epochalB2,[92] esotericB2,[93] h(a)emo-A2, Hephaestus, hygienicA2,[nb 100] KenyaB2, lever(age)A2, methaneB2, OedipusA2, (o)estrogenB2,[94] (o)estrusB2,[95] p(a)edophile, penalizeA2, Ph(a)edrus, predecessorA2, predilectionA2, pyrethrinA2, qu(a)estor, schizophreniaA2, Semite, systemic |
/ɛ/ | /iː/ | crematoriumA2, cretin, depotA2, fetidB2, hedonism/-ist(ic), leisureA2, presentationA2, reconnoit(re/er)A2, zebraB2 |
/iː/ | /eɪ/ | gazeboA2, heinousB2, Mekong, quayA2, reparteeA2. Greek alphabet letters containing eta: beta, theta and zeta. |
/eɪ/ | /iː/ | detourB2, HeleneA2 |
/i/B2 | /eɪ/ | Zimbabwe |
/eɪ/ | /i/ | Haggai,[96] IsraelA2 |
/ɛ/ | /eɪ/ | ateB2, étui, mêléeA2,[9] presa |
/eɪ/ | /ɛ/ | again(st)B2, cortègeB2, nonpareil[9] |
/ɛər/ | /eɪ.ər/A2 | mayor |
/ɒ/ | /ʌ/ | coloratura, hoverA2, Somme. Also the strong forms of these function words: (every/some/no/any)bodyA2, from, of, was, whatA2 |
/ʌ/ | /ɒ/ | accomplice/-ishB2, colanderB2, conjureA2, constableB2, monetaryA2, -mongerA2 |
/ɒ/ | /oʊ/ | adios, Aeroflot, ayatollah, Barbados, baroqueB2,[97] BoccheriniA2, Bogotá,[nb 101] cognacA2, compost, doldrumsA2, dolo(u)r, groschen, grossoA2, homo-B2, Interpol, Lod, mocha, olfactoryA2, Pinocchio, pogrom, polkaB2, produce (noun)A2, professorialA2, prophy-(lactic/laxis), realpolitikA2, riposte, Rosh HashanahA2, sconeB2, shone, solsticeA2, Sonia,[98] TolstoyA2, trollB2, yogurtB2.[99] Also, in general, Greek-derived names of places, people, or ideas that end in "-os", for example, ErosA2, ethos,[nb 102] Helios, logos (singular)A2, mythos, pathos,[nb 103] etc.; although chaos follows the British norm in both countries. |
/oʊ/ | /ɒ/ | Adonis, codicilB2,[100] codifyA2, goffer, ogleA2, processA2(noun), projectB2(noun) |
/ɪ/ | /aɪ/ | dynasty, hibiscus, housewifery,[92] idyll, italicA2, pipette, privacyB2,[101] simultaneousA2, sinecure, tinnitus, totalizator, tricolo(u)rB2,[102] trimester, Tyrolean, vitaminB2. See also -ine. |
/aɪ/ | /ɪ/ | butylB2, condyle, cyclic(al)B2, doctrinal, finance/-ialAB2, forsythia, -isation/-izationA2, kinesis/-ticB2, Minotaur, primer (schoolbook), Pythagoras, respite,[nb 104] subsidence/-ent, synapseB2,[nb 105] umbilicalB2. See also -ine.[9] |
/aɪ/ | /eɪ/ | Isaiah |
/aɪ/ | /iː/ | (n)eitherAB2,[nb 106] Pleiades, via. See also -ine. |
/iː/ | /aɪ/ | albino, geyser, migraineB2, oblique (verb)[nb 107]. See also -ine. |
/aɪ/B2 | /i/ | symbiosis/-tic |
/i/ | /aɪ/A2 | In the prefixes anti-, multi- and semi- in loose compounds (e.g. in anti-establishment, but not in antidote). |
/iː/ | /ɪ/ | beenB2,[103] cliqueA2, creekA1, invalid (noun)B2, prima |
/ɪ/ | /iː/ | aphrodisiac, Biarritz, bulimia, memorabilia, pi(t)taB2, prestigiousA2, tricot |
/ɛ/ | /ɑː/ | enclave, envoi/-voy |
/æ/ | /ɛ/A2 | catch, femme fatale, pall-mall[nb 108][9] |
/aʊ/ | /uː/A2 | nous |
/ʊ/ | /ɪ/ | kümmel |
/ʊ/ | /uː/ | Buddha, cuckoo, Düsseldorf, Gutiérrez, guru, Ljubljana, Mussolini |
/uː/ | /ʊ/ | boogie-woogie, boulevard,[104] hoofA2, roofAB2, rootA2, snooker, woofA2 (weaving) |
/uː/ | /ə/ | ferrule, fortune |
/ʊr/ | /ɜːr/A2 | courier |
/ʊ/ or /uː/B2 | /ʌ/ | brusque |
/ə/ | /ʌ/ | surplus |
/ʌ/B2 | /(j)uː/ | cumin |
/uː/[nb 109][105] | /aʊ/A2 | (re)route(r) |
/oʊ/ | /uː/ | broochA2, provenB2 |
/uː/ | /oʊ/ | cantaloup(e), hecatomb |
/ʌ/ | /oʊ/ | plover |
/oʊ/ | /aʊ/A2 | Moscow |
/ər/ | /ɑːr/A2 | Madagascar |
/ɑːr/ | /ɜːr/ | Berkeley, Berkshire, Cherwell, clerk, derby, Hertford(shire). (The only AmE word with ⟨er⟩ = /ɑːr/ is sergeant.) |
/ɜːr/ | /ɛər/A2 | err |
/ɛər/B2 | /ɜːr/ | Ernst |
/ɛr/ | /ɜːr/A2 | deterrent |
/ɛər/ | /ɪər/ | ampereA2 |
/ɛr/ | /ɪər/A2 | inherent |
/ɪər/ | /ɛr/A2 | coherent, era, hysteria |
/ɜːr/ | /ɪər/ | Irkutsk |
/ɪr/ | /ɜːr/ | chirrupA2, squirrel, stirrupA2, syrupA2 |
/ɜːr/ | /ɔːr/A2 | whorl |
/ɔːr/ | /ər/ | acornA2,[106] record (noun), the weak form of or (occasional in RP) |
/ər/ | /ɔːr/ | metaphor, Westmor(e)land |
/ə/ | /ɒ/ | Amazon, anacoluthon, automatonA2, Avon, capon, crampon, crayonA2, Lebanon, lexicon, marathon, (m)ascot, melancholy,[107] myrmidon, OregonA2, pantechnicon, paragon, Parthenon, phenomenon, pylon, python, Rubicon, saffronA2, siliconA2, wainscot. Also any geometric shapes ending in "-agon"; for example, hexagon, octagon, pentagon, polygon, etc. |
/ɒ/ | /ə/ | AesopA2, Amos, condom, despot, EnochA2, ingot, mosquito, sombrero, Winthrop |
/ɒ/ | /ɛ/ | röntgen, Stendhal |
/ə/ | /ɛ/ | accent (noun), nonsense |
/ɛ/ | /ə/ | congress, Kentucky, parallelepiped[108] |
/ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | WinchesterB2 |
/ɪ/ | /eɪ/ | Ceylon |
/ɪ/ | /ə/ | Some of the words affected by the weak vowel merger: carpet, Martin, rabbit, etc. The merger also creates weak forms of words such as in and it which are non-RP. |
/ɪ/B2 | /ə/A2 | Some of the words affected by the weak vowel merger: impetigo, orange, Semitic, etc. See also effects of the weak vowel merger. |
/ə/ | /æ/ | baboonA2, bassoonA2, CapriA2, fastidiousAB2, nasturtiumA2, papooseA2, platoonA2, raccoon, taboo, tattoo, toucan, trapeze |
/ə/ | /eɪ/ | DraconianA2, hurricaneB2, legislature, satanic. Also, longer words ending in -ative. |
/eɪ/ | /ə/ | entrailsA2, magistrateA2, portrait, template[109] |
/eɪ/ | /ər/A2 | foyer |
/ɜː/ | /ɛ/ | Göttingen |
/ɜː/ | /eɪ/ | föhn, Göthe |
/ɜː/ | /oʊ/ | Schönberg |
/ɜː/ | /ʊ/ or /uː/ | bleu, œuvre |
/ə/ | /ɔː/ | Mauritius |
/ə/ | /oʊ/ | anchovy, borough, thorough, varicose, volitionA2. Also place names that end in "-burgh", such as EdinburghA2 and surnames ending in -stone, e.g. Johnstone (see also -ory and -mony). Words prefixed with an unstressed "pro-"A2, with the exceptions of process, progress and project (noun), commonly use either pronunciation in American English; for example, probation, procedure, prohibit, proliferate, prolific, Prometheus, prophetic, propinquity, prorogation, protest (verb), protract, protrude, protuberance/-ant, and Provence. |
/juː/ | /uː/ | Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: barracuda, culotte, pumaA2 |
/uː/ | /juː/ | couponA2, fuchsine, HoustonB2 |
/ju/ | /w/ | conduitA2, iguanaB2,[110] unguent |
/ər/ | /jər/A2 | figure |
/ʊ/ | /jʊ/ | eruditeA2,[111] purulent, virulenceB2 |
/jʊ/ | /ʊ/ | duress, Kuwait, résuméA2[112] |
/jʊər/B2 | /ʊər/ | Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: Honduras |
/ɑː/[nb 110] | /ət/ | nougat |
/oʊ/ | /ɒt/A2 | Huguenot |
/ɜːr/ | /ʊər/A2 | connoisseur, entrepreneur, masseur |
/ʊər/ | /ɜːr/A2 | tournament |
/ɜːz/ | /uːs/ | Betelgeuse, chanteuse, chartreuseA2, masseuse |
/z/ | /s/ | AussieA2, blouse (noun), blouson, complaisantA2, crescentB2, dextrose, diagnoseA2, erase, fuselageA2, mimosa, parse, ruseA2, talisman, treatise, valise, venisonB2, visaA2,[113] xylose |
/s/ | /z/ | asthma, chromosomeA2 |
/ts/ | /z/ | piazzaA2, schnauzer, terrazzo |
/ks/ | /z/ | xi |
/kʃ/ | /ɡʒ/ | luxury |
/ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | AsiaB2, cashmere, PersiaB2, (as/dis)persionA2, (ex/in)cursionB2, (im/sub)mersion, (a/con/di/in/per/re)versionA2 |
/ʒ/ | /ʃ/ | erasure |
/ɡ/ | /dʒ/ | Elgin, hegemony |
/dʒ/B2 | /tʃ/ | sandwich,[114] spinach |
/tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | Chou (en Lai) |
/tʃ/ | /ʃ/A2 | braggadocio |
/ʃ/ | /tʃ/ | chassis |
/si/ | /ʃ/ | cassiaA2, CassiusA2, DionysiusA2,[115] hessian, Lucius, (ne/omni/pre)scient/-ence, Theodosius |
/sj/B2 | /ʃ/ or /ʃj/ | issue, sexual,[nb 111] tissue |
/zi/ or /si/ | /zi/, /ʒ/, or /ʃ/ | nausea,[116] transient[117] |
/zi/ | /ʒ/ | artesian, Elysian, Frisian, Frasier, glazier, grazier, hosiery, Indonesia, Malaysia, Parisian, Polynesia, Rabelaisian |
/di/ | /dʒ/ | cordial[nb 112] |
/ti/ | /tʃi/ | besti(al/ary), celestial[118] |
/ti/ | /ʃ/ | consortiumB2,[119] otiose, ratiocinate, sentientB2[120] |
/ʃ/B2[121] | /sk/ | schedule |
/iːʃ/B2 | /ɪtʃ/A2 | niche |
/ð/ | /θ/ | bequeath, boothB2, loath(ful/ly/some)A2, smithyA2, withA2 |
/t/B2 | /θ/ | Anthony |
/t/ | /d/A2 | Excluding words changed by flapping (sometimes described as the /t–d/ merger): Taoism |
/kw/ | /k/ | conquistador |
/k/B2 | /kw/ | questionnaire |
/v/B2[nb 113] | /f/ | nephew |
(sounded) | (silent) | Excluding words changed by nasal flapping: bona fideA2, chthonicB2,[92][123] coupé (vehicle), diaper, furore, herbA2,[124] KnossosB2,[125] phthisisB2, ricochetB2, salveA2,[126] solder,[nb 114] (un)toward(s)A2(prep.), B2, vaudeville |
(silent) | (sounded) | Excluding words changed by non-rhoticity: geographyB2, medicineB2, miniature,A2, B2 Nantes, physiognomy, schismB2, Singhalese, suggestA2,[9] traitB2, Valenciennes, vehicleA2, Warwick(shire). See also -ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry. |
Multiple differences
Spelling | BrE IPA | AmE IPA | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
advertisement | /ədˈvɜːrtɪsmənt/ | /ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ | Older Americans may use the British pronunciation, and some British dialects use the American pronunciation. |
agent provocateur | /ˌæʒɒ̃ prəˌvɒkəˈtɜːr/ | (1) /ˌɑːʒɒ̃ proʊˌvɒkəˈtʊər/[verification needed] (2) /ˌɑːʒɒ̃ proʊˌvɒkəˈtɜːr/ | |
Ajaccio | /əˈdʒæ(k)sioʊ/ | /ɑːˈjɑːtʃ(i)oʊ/ | BrE approximates more to French [aʒaksjo]; AmE reflects the word's Italian origin [aˈjattʃo]. |
Algarve | (1) /ælˈɡɑːrv/ (2) /ˈælɡɑːrv/ | /ɑːlˈɡɑːrvə/ | The original Portuguese pronunciation is [alˈɡaɾvɨ]. |
Aloysius | /ˌæloʊˈɪʃəs/ | /ˌæləˈwɪʃəs/ | |
amateur | (1) /ˈæmətər/ (2) /ˌæməˈtɜːr/ | (1) /ˈæmətʃər/ (2) /ˈæmətjʊər/ | |
appliqué | /əˈpliːkeɪ/ | (1) /ˈæplɪkeɪ/ (2) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪ/ | |
atelier | /əˈtɛlieɪ/ | (1) /ˈætəljeɪ/ (2) /ˌætəlˈjeɪ/ | |
avoirdupois | /ˌævwɑːrdjuːˈpwɑː/ | /ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz/ | |
basalt | /ˈbæsɔːlt/ | (1) /bəˈsɔːlt/ (2) /ˈbeɪsɔːlt/ | |
Boccaccio | /bəˈkætʃioʊ/ | /boʊˈkɑːtʃioʊ/ | The original Italian pronunciation is [bokˈkattʃo]. |
böhmite | (1) /ˈbɜːmaɪt/ (2) /ˈboʊmaɪt/ | (1) /ˈbeɪmaɪt/ (2) /ˈboʊmaɪt/ | The first pronunciations approximate German [øː] (spelled ⟨ö⟩ or ⟨oe⟩); the second ones are anglicized. |
bœuf | /bɜːf/ | (1) /bʊf/ (2) /bʌf/ (3) /boʊf/ | The original French pronunciation is [bœf]. |
bolognaise/bolognese | /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/ | /ˌboʊlənˈjeɪz/ | BrE uses two spellings & pronounced /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/. In AmE the word is usually spelled bolognese & pronounced /ˌboʊlənˈjeɪz/. |
bouquet | (1) /buːˈkeɪ/ (2) /ˈbuːkeɪ/ | (1) /buːˈkeɪ/ (2) /boʊˈkeɪ/ | |
boyar | (1) /ˈbɔɪɑːr/ (2) /ˈboʊjɑːr/ | (1) /boʊˈjɑːr/ (2) /ˈbɔɪər/ | |
buoyA2 | /ˈbɔɪ/ | /ˈbuːi/ | The British pronunciation occurs in America more commonly for the verb than the noun; still more in derivatives buoyant, buoyancy & lifebuoy. |
Burkina Faso | /bɜːrˈkiːnəˈfæsoʊ/ | /bʊərˈkiːnəˈfɑːsoʊ/ | |
canton | /kænˈtuːn/ | (1) /kænˈtɒn/ (2) /kænˈtoʊn/ | difference is only in military sense "to quarter soldiers" other senses can have stress on either syllable in both countries. |
caramelA2 | /ˈkærəməl/ | (1) /ˈkɑːrməl/ (2) /ˈkærəmɛl/ | |
carburettor/carburetor | (1) /ˌkɑːrbjʊˈrɛtər/ (2) /ˈkɑːrbərɛtər/ | /ˈkɑːrbəreɪtər/ | BrE is spelled carburettor & pronounced /ˌkɑːrbjʊˈrɛtər/ or /ˈkɑːrbərɛtər/. In AmE the word is usually spelled carburetor & pronounced /ˈkɑːrbəreɪtər/. |
cheong sam | /ˈtʃɒŋˈsæm/ | /tʃeɪˈɔːŋˈsɑːm/ | |
clientele | /ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl/ | /ˌklaɪənˈtɛl/ | |
cloisonné | (1) /klwɑːˈzɒneɪ/ (2) /klwʌˈzɒneɪ/ | /ˌklɔɪzəˈneɪ/ | The original French pronunciation is [klwazɔne]. |
corral | /kɒˈrɑːl/ | /kəˈræl/ | |
cosmosA2[127] | /ˈkɒzmɒs/ | (1) /ˈkɒzmoʊs/ (2) /ˈkɒzməs/ | |
dachshund | (1) /ˈdæksənd/ (2) /ˈdæʃənd/ (3) /ˈdækshʊnd/ | /ˈdɑːkshʊnd/ | |
Dante | (1) /ˈdænti/ (2) /ˈdænteɪ/ | /ˈdɑːnteɪ/ | |
dilettante | (1) /ˌdɪlɪˈtænti/ (2) /ˌdɪlɪˈtænteɪ/ | (1) /ˈdɪlətɑːnt/ (2) /ˌdɪləˈtɑːnt/ | BrE reflects the word's Italian origin; AmE approximates more to French. |
divisiveA2 | /ˈdɪˈvaɪsɪv/ | /ˈdɪˈvɪzɪv/ | |
Don Quixote | /ˈdɒn ˈkwɪksət/ | /ˌdɒn kiˈhoʊteɪ/ | Compare to Spanish [doŋ kiˈxote] |
epochA2 | /ˈiːpɒk/ | /ˈɛpək/ | |
foreheadAB2 | /ˈfɒrɪd/ | /ˈfɔːrhɛd/ | |
fracas | /ˈfrækɑː/ | (1) /ˈfreɪkəs/ (2) /ˈfrækəs/ (3) /frəˈkɑː/ | The BrE plural is French fracas /ˈfrækɑːz/. For AmE examples (1) and (2), the plural is anglicized fracases |
fusillade | /ˌfjuːzɪˈleɪd/ | /ˌfjuːsəˈlɑːd/ | |
Galápagos | /ɡəˈlæpəɡɒs/ | /ɡəˈlɑːpəɡoʊs/ | |
glacier | (1) /ˈɡlæsiər/ (2) /ˈɡleɪsiər/ | /ˈɡleɪʃər/ | |
harem | (1) /ˈhɑːriːm/ (2) /hɑːˈriːm/ | /ˈhærəm/ | |
holocaustA2 | /ˈhɒləkɔːst/ | (1) /ˈhoʊləkɔːst/ (2) /ˈhɔːləkɔːst/ | |
impasse | (1) /æmˈpɑːs/ (2) /ˈæmpɑːs/ | (1) /ˈɪmpæs/ (2) /ɪmˈpæs/ | |
IranA2 | /ɪˈrɑːn/ | /aɪˈræn/ | |
IraqA2 | /ɪˈrɑːk/ | /aɪˈræk/ | |
jaguarB2 | /ˈdʒæɡjuər/ | /ˈdʒæɡwɑːr/ | |
jalousie | (1) /ˌʒælʊˈziː/ (2) /ˈʒælʊziː/ | /ˈdʒæləsi/ | |
junta | /ˈdʒʌntə/ | /ˈhʊntə/ | The BrE pronunciation is anglicized; the AmE is closer to Spanish. |
kudos | /ˈkjuːdɒs/ | /ˈkuːdoʊs/ | |
Lanzarote | /ˌlænzəˈrɒti/ | /ˌlɑːntsəˈroʊti/ | |
lapsang souchong | /ˌlæpsæŋ suːˈʃɒŋ/ | /ˌlɑːpsɑːŋ ˈsuːʃɒŋ/ | |
lieutenantB2 | (1) /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ (2) /ləˈtɛnənt/ | /luːˈtɛnənt/ | The 2nd British pronunciation is restricted to the Royal Navy. Standard Canadian and Australian pronunciation is the same as the British. |
liqueur | /lɪˈkjʊər/ | (1) /lɪˈkɜːr/ (2) /lɪˈkʊər/ | |
longitudeB2 | /ˈlɒnɡɪtjuːd/ | /ˈlɒndʒətuːd/ | |
Los AngelesB2 | /lɒs ˈændʒɪliːz/ | (1) /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ (2) /lɔːs ˈæŋɡələs/ | |
machismo | (1) /mæˈtʃɪzmoʊ/ (2) /məˈtʃɪzmoʊ/ (3) /məˈkɪzmoʊ/ | (1) /mɑːˈtʃiːzmoʊ/ (2) /məˈtʃiːzmoʊ/ | AmE reflects the word's Spanish origin; BrE example (3) approximates more to Italian. |
mama[128] | (1) /ˈmæmə/ (2) /məˈmɑː/ | /ˈmɑːmə/ | |
methyl | /ˈmiːθaɪl/ | /ˈmɛθəl/ | |
milieuA2 | (1) /ˈmiːljɜː/ (2) /miːlˈjɜː/ | (1) /mɪlˈjuː/ (2) /miːlˈjʊ/ | |
Möbius | /ˈmɜːbiəs/ | (1) /ˈmoʊbiəs/ (2) /ˈmeɪbiəs/ | The original German pronunciation is [ˈmøːbi̯ʊs] and this is approximately reproduced in BrE. |
Neuchâtel | /ˌnɜːʃæˈtɛl/ | /ˌnuːʃəˈtɛl/ | The original French pronunciation is [nøʃɑtɛl]. |
NicaraguaB2 | (1) /ˌnɪkəˈræɡjuə/ (2) /ˌnɪkəˈræɡwə/ | /ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə/ | |
oreganoB2 | /ˌɒrɪˈɡɑːnoʊ/ | (1) /əˈrɛɡənoʊ/ (2) /ɔːˈrɛɡənoʊ/ | |
Otranto | /ɒˈtræntoʊ/ | /oʊˈtrɑːntoʊ/ | The original Italian pronunciation is [ˈɔːtranto]. |
pedagogyB2 | /ˈpɛdəɡɒɡi/ | (1) /ˈpɛdəɡɒdʒi/ (2) /ˈpɛdəɡoʊdʒi/ | |
penult | /pɛˈnʌlt/ | (1) /ˈpiːnʌlt/ (2) /pɪˈnʌlt/ | |
phthisic[129] | (1) /ˈ(f)θaɪsɪk/ (2) /ˈtaɪsɪk/ | (1) /ˈtɪzɪk/ (2) /ˈθɪzɪk/ | |
premature[130] | (1) /ˈprɛmətʃər/ (2) /ˈprɛmətjʊər/ | (1) /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊər/ (2) /ˌpriːməˈtʊər/ | |
premierA2 | /ˈprɛmiər/ | (1) /prɪˈmɪər/ (2) /ˈpriːmɪər/ | |
première | /ˈprɛmiɛər/ | (1) /prɪˈmɪər/ (2) /prɪˈmjɛər/ | |
premise (verb) | /prɪˈmaɪz/ | /ˈprɛmɪs/ | |
progress | (noun) /ˈproʊɡrɛs/ (verb) /proʊˈɡrɛs/ | (noun) /ˈprɒɡrɛs/ (verb) /prəˈɡrɛs/ | In both British and American, the noun has stress on the first syllable. The verb has stress on the second syllable. Canadians follow the British pronunciation. |
ProvençalA2 | (1) /ˌprɒvɒ̃ˈsɑːl/ (2) /ˌprɒvɒ̃ˈsæl/ | (1) /ˌproʊvɒ̃ˈsɑːl/ (2) /ˌproʊvənˈsɑːl/ | |
provostA2[131] | /ˈprɒvəst/ | /ˈproʊvoʊst/ | |
quasi- | /ˈkweɪzaɪ/ | (1) /ˈkwɑːzi/ (2) /ˈkwɑːsaɪ/ | |
quinine | /ˈkwɪniːn/ | (1) /ˈkwaɪnaɪn/ (2) /ˈkwɪnaɪn/ | |
Rawalpindi | /ˌrɔːlˈpɪndi/ | /ˌrɑːwəlˈpɪndi/ | |
renegue/renege | (1) /rɪˈniːɡ/ (2) /rɪˈneɪɡ/ | (1) /rɪˈnɪɡ/ (2) /rɪˈnɛɡ/ | BrE uses two spellings & pronounced /rɪˈniːɡ/ or /rɪˈneɪɡ/. In AmE the word is usually spelled renege & pronounced /rɪˈnɪɡ/ or /rɪˈnɛɡ/. |
Richelieu | /ˈrɪʃəljɜː/ | (1) /ˈrɪʃəluː/ (2) /ˈrɪʃəljuː/ | The original French pronunciation is [ʁiʃ(ə)ljø]. |
Rioja | /riˈɒkə/ | /riˈoʊhɑː/ | |
risotto | /rɪˈzɒtoʊ/ | (1) /rɪˈsɔːtoʊ/ (2) /rɪˈsoʊtoʊ/ (3) /rɪˈzoʊtoʊ/ | |
Roquefort | /ˈrɒkfɔːr/ | /ˈroʊkfərt/ | The original French pronunciation is [ʁɔkfɔʁ]. |
Salzburg | /ˈsæltsbɜːrɡ/ | /ˈsɔːlzbɜːrɡ/ | The original German pronunciation is [ˈzaltsbʊʁk]. |
Santander | (1) /ˌsæntənˈdɛər/ (2) /ˌsæntænˈdɛər/ | /ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/ | |
Schleswig-Holstein | /ˌʃleɪzvɪɡ ˈhɒlstaɪn/ | /ˌʃlɛswɪɡ ˈhoʊlstiːn/ | |
Silesia | (1) /saɪˈliːsiə/ (2) /saɪˈliːziə/ | (1) /sɪˈliːʃə/ (2) /sɪˈliːʒə/ | |
slough | /slaʊ/ | /slʌf/ | sense "bog"; in metaphorical sense "gloom", the BrE pronunciation is common in AmE. Homograph "cast off skin" is /slʌf/ everywhere. |
StavangerA2 | (1) /stəˈvæŋər/ (2) /stæˈvæŋər/ | (1) /stɑːˈvɑːŋər/ (2) /stəˈvɑːŋər/ | The original Norwegian pronunciation is [stɑˈvɑ̀ŋər]. The BrE pronunciation /stəˈvæŋər/ is common and also occurs in AmE. |
Taranto | /təˈræntoʊ/ | (1) /ˈtɑːrəntoʊ/ (2) /ˈtɑːrɑːntoʊ/ | The original Italian pronunciation is [ˈtaːranto]. |
tourniquet | /ˈtʊərnɪkeɪ/ | (1) /ˈtʊərnɪkɪt/ (2) /ˈtɜːrnɪkɪt/ | |
Trondheim | /ˈtrɒndhaɪm/ | /ˈtrɒnheɪm/ | The Urban East Norwegian pronunciation of this word is [ˈtrɔ̂n(h)æɪm]. |
Tunisia | /tjuːˈnɪziə/ | /tjuːˈniːʒə/ | |
turquoiseA2 | (1) /ˈtɜːrkwɔɪz/ (2) /ˈtɜːrkwɑːz/ | /ˈtɜːrkɔɪz/ | |
Van Gogh | (1) /ˌvæn ˈɡɒx/ (2) /ˌvæn ˈɡɒf/ | /ˌvæn ˈɡoʊ/ | The original Dutch pronunciation is [vɑŋˈɣɔx]. |
vaseA2[nb 115][132][133] | /vɑːz/ | (1) /veɪs/ (2) /veɪz/ | |
Z (the letter) | /zɛd/ | /ziː/ | The spelling of this letter as a word corresponds to the pronunciation: thus Commonwealth (including, Canada) zed and U.S. zee. |
Notas
- ^ BrE /ˈdeɪbɑːkəl/ (now rare) or more commonly /dɪˈbɑːkəl/, AmE /dɪˈbækəl/
- ^ The last vowel is often reduced in BrE. AmE only reduces the middle one.
- ^ BrE /məˈstɑːʃ/, AmE /ˈmʌstæʃ/
- ^ The British is typically /rɪˈneɪsəns/ and the American /ˈrɛnəsɑːns/ or even /rɛnəˈsɑːns/
- ^ BrE /rɪˈvæli/, AmE /ˈrɛvəli/
- ^ For "dam (barrier)": AmE /ˈbɑːrɪdʒ/
- ^ BrE /ˈbɛreɪ/, AmE /bəˈreɪ/ (listen)
- ^ BrE /ˈbuːfɒ̃/, AmE /buːˈfɑːnt/
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈbroʊʃər/ (2) /brɒˈʃʊər/ AmE /broʊˈʃʊər/ (listen)
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈbʊfeɪ/ (2) /ˈbʌfeɪ/
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈbʌstieɪ/ (2) /ˈbʊstieɪ/ AmE /ˌbuːstiˈeɪ/ corset
- ^ BrE /ˈkælvədɒs/ AmE /ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈdeɪbriː/ (2) /ˈdɛbriː/
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈfɪlɪt/ (2) /ˈfɪleɪ/ AmE /fɪˈleɪ/
- ^ BrE /ˈflɒmbeɪ/
- ^ BrE also /ˈɡærɪdʒ/, esp. for "petrol garage"/"gas station"[7]
- ^ BrE /ˈlɑːmeɪ/, AmE /læˈmeɪ/
- ^ BrE /ˈlænʒəri/, AmE /ˌlɒnʒəˈreɪ/
- ^ AmE /pæˈstiːl/
- ^ BrE /ˈpæteɪ/, AmE /pɑːˈteɪ, pæ-/
- ^ BrE /ˈpɒ̃sjɒ̃/, AmE /pɒnˈsjoʊn/ lodging
- ^ BrE /ˈprɒtəʒeɪ/ AmE (1) /ˈproʊtəʒeɪ/ (2) /ˌproʊtəˈʒeɪ/
- ^ BrE /ˈsɔːrbeɪ/ AmE (1) /ˈsɔːrbɪt/ (2) /sɔːrˈbeɪ/
- ^ UK: /ˈɑːrɡænd/, US: /ɑːrˈɡɑːnd/, French: [aʁɡɑ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈævɪnjɒ̃/, US: /ˌævɪnˈjoʊn/, French: [aviɲɔ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈboʊvwɑːr/, US: /boʊˈvwɑːr/, French: [bovwaʁ]
- ^ UK: /ˈbiːzeɪ/, US: /biːˈzeɪ/, French: [bizɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈkæleɪ/, US: /kæˈleɪ/, French: [kalɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈkɑːrtieɪ/, US: /ˌkɑːrtiˈeɪ, -ˈtjeɪ/, French: [kaʁtje]
- ^ UK: /ˈʃɑːrdəneɪ/, US: /ˌʃɑːrdəˈneɪ/, French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈʃɒpæ̃/, US: /ʃoʊˈpæn/, French: [ʃɔpɛ̃]
- ^ BrE (1) /ˈsɪtroʊən/ (2) /ˈsɪtrən/ AmE (1) /ˌsɪtroʊˈɛn/ (2) /ˈsɪtroʊn/ French: [sitʁɔɛn]
- ^ UK: /ˈdeɪɡɑː/, US: /deɪˈɡɑː/, French: [dəɡɑ]
- ^ UK: /ˈdɛpɑːrdjɜː/, US: /ˌdɛpɑːrˈdjuː/, French: [dəpaʁdjø]
- ^ UK: /ˈdiːʒɒ̃/, US: /diːˈʒoʊn/, French: [diʒɔ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈdjuːmɑː, dʊˈmɑː/, US: /duːˈmɑː/, French: [dyma]
- ^ UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/, US: /floʊˈbɛər/, French: [flobɛʁ]
- ^ UK: /ˈdʒɛrɑːrd/, US: /dʒəˈrɑːrd/, French: [ʒeʁaʁ]
- ^ UK: /ˈliːɒ̃/, US: /liˈoʊn/, French: [ljɔ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈmæneɪ/, US: /mæˈneɪ, mə-/, French: [manɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈmæsəneɪ/, US: /ˌmæsəˈneɪ/, French: [masnɛ]
- ^ French: [mɔʁis, moʁis]
- ^ UK: /ˈmɪleɪ/, US: /mɪˈleɪ/
- ^ UK: /ˈmɒliɛər, ˈmoʊl-/, US: /moʊlˈjɛər/, French: [mɔljɛʁ]
- ^ UK: /ˈmɒneɪ/, US: /moʊˈneɪ/, French: [mɔnɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈpɜːrpɪnjɒ̃/, US: /ˌpɛərpiːˈnjɒn/, French: [pɛʁpiɲɑ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈpɜːʒoʊ/, US: /puːˈʒoʊ/, French: [pøʒo]
- ^ UK: /ˈpiːæf/, US: /piːˈɑːf/, French: [pjaf]
- ^ UK: /ˈpwɑːtieɪ/, US: /ˌpwɑːtiˈeɪ, -ˈtjeɪ/, French: [pwatje]
- ^ UK: /ˈpuːsæ̃/, US: /puːˈsæn/, French: [pusɛ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈræbəleɪ/, US: /ˌræbəˈleɪ/, French: [ʁablɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈrɛnoʊ/, US: /rəˈnɔːlt, -ˈnoʊ/, French: [ʁəno]
- ^ UK: /ˈræ̃boʊ/, US: /ræmˈboʊ/, French: [ʁɛ̃bo]
- ^ UK: /ˈrɒʒeɪ/, US: /roʊˈʒeɪ/
- ^ UK: /ˈruːɒ̃, ˈruːɒn/, US: /ruːˈɒ̃, ruːˈɒn/, French: [ʁwɑ̃]
- ^ UK: /ˈsæti, ˈsɑːti/, US: /sæˈtiː, sɑːˈtiː/, French: [sati]
- ^ UK: /ˈsɜːrɑː/, US: /sʊˈrɑː/, French: [sœʁa]
- ^ UK: /ˈθɔːroʊ/, US: /θəˈroʊ/
- ^ UK: /ˈvælwɑː/, US: /vælˈwɑː, vɑːlˈwɑː/, French: [valwa]
- ^ UK: /ˈvuːvreɪ/, US: /vuːˈvreɪ/, French: [vuvʁɛ]
- ^ UK: /ˈwɒtoʊ/, US: /wɒˈtoʊ/, French: [vato]
- ^ BrE /laɪˈtʃiː/, AmE /ˈliːtʃiː/
- ^ AmE /ˈmæneɪz/
- ^ BrE /pɒ̃ˈʃɒ̃/, AmE /ˈpɛntʃənt/
- ^ BrE /ʃəˈlɒt/, AmE /ˈʃælət/
- ^ BrE /tæmˈbɑːl/, AmE /ˈtɪmbəl/
- ^ Only middle vowel reduced in the BrE pronunciations.
- ^ BrE /niːˈʒɛər/, AmE /ˈnaɪdʒər/ Due to history with France, the country pronunciation in BrE is French [niʒɛʁ]. The country pronunciation in AmE is anglicized. Regardless of region, the river is pronounced /ˈnaɪdʒər/.
- ^ stress more usually on third syllable in British English
- ^ BrE /fiˈɒnseɪ/
- ^ Also /ˌtɜːrdʒiˈvɜːrseɪt/
- ^ BrE /ˈbɜːrnərd/, AmE /bərnˈɑːrd/
- ^ BrE /ˈoʊmɪɡə/, AmE /oʊˈmɛɡə/
- ^ BrE /ˈsʌbəltərn/, AmE /səˈbɔːltərn/
- ^ BrE /sərˈvaɪkəl/
- ^ BrE (rare) /dɪˈfɪsɪt/
- ^ BrE /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/, AmE /ˈɪnkwəri/
- ^ AmE /ˈfrɪtəlɛri/
- ^ AmE (rare) /ˈɡʌfɔː/
- ^ BrE /ˌmɑːrʃˈmæloʊ/, AmE /ˈmɑːrʃmɛloʊ/
- ^ AmE /ˈmɛd(ʒ)əlɛri/
- ^ AmE /ˈmɪsəleɪni/
- ^ Britain follows the first-syllable American norm when "princess" is used as an honorific, directly prefixing someone's name.
- ^ BrE /skɪˈliːtəl/
- ^ BrE /jʊəˈraɪnəl/
- ^ BrE /vəˈdʒaɪnəl/
- ^ BrE /dɪsɪˈplɪnəri/, AmE /ˈdɪsɪplɪnɛri/
- ^ AmE also /ˈdɒsəl/
- ^ AmE also /ˈdoʊməsəl/
- ^ AmE also /ˈfɛbriːl, ˈfɛbrəl/
- ^ AmE also possibly /ˈsɛnaɪl/
- ^ The 2007 update to the Oxford English Dictionary gives only /iːn/ for the British pronunciation of pristine.
- ^ Although the British pronunciation is still heard in American English, it may be in declining usage, being increasingly seen as incorrect, particularly among Nevadans and other Western Americans.
- ^ BrE also /sɪˈzæn/
- ^ AmE also /ˈɡælə/
- ^ AmE also /ˈstrætʌm/
- ^ AmE also /ˈdɑːljə/
- ^ BrE also /rɔːθ/ Scottish English /ræθ/
- ^ AmE also /ˈn(j)oʊki/
- ^ AmE also /ˌhaɪdʒiˈɛnɪk/
- ^ AmE also /ˈboʊɡətɑː/
- ^ AmE, either /ˈiːθoʊs/ or /ˈɛθoʊs/
- ^ AmE, either /ˈpeɪθoʊs/ or /ˈpæθoʊs/
- ^ AmE also /rəˈspaɪt/
- ^ BrE also /sɪˈnæps/
- ^ This word is listed due to possible statistical preferences.
- ^ AmE is as BrE except in military sense "advance at an angle"
- ^ AmE also /pɔːlˈmɔːl/
- ^ In BrE, the pronunciation /raʊt/ is a different word, spelt rout, meaning to defeat.
- ^ BrE also /ˈnʌɡɪt/
- ^ Actually the bolded here represents /ksj/ versus /kʃ/
- ^ Cordiality in AmE is /kɔːrdʒiˈælɪti/ and in BrE is /kɔːrdiˈælɪti/
- ^ The old English pronunciation with /v/ has to a large extent been replaced by /f/ due to the spelling latinization of Middle English "neveu". The preference breakdown in BrE is /f/ 79%, /v/ 21%.)[122]
- ^ Solder in AmE is /ˈsɒdər/ and in BrE is either /ˈsɒldər/ or /ˈsoʊldər/.
- ^ British variant used sometimes in American English
Referencias
- ^ a b "Unsourced words: Oxford Dictionary of English (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "brevet (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "brochure (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "buffet". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "canard". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "filet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition
- ^ "protege (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "BrE pronunciation". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "sorbet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "soupçon". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "Avignon (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Beauvoir (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Bizet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Calais (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Cartier (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Chardonnay (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Chopin (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Degas (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Depardieu (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Dijon (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Dumas (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Flaubert (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Gerard (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Lyons (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Manet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Maurice (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Millais (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Molière (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Monet (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Perpignan (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Piaf (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Poitiers (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Poussin (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Rabelais (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Renault (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Rimbaud (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Roget (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Rouen (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Satie (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Seurat (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Thoreau (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Valois (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Vouvray (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Watteau (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "démodé (BrE)". Macmillan Dictionary."démodé (AmE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
- ^ "cremate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "striate (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "vacate (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "migratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "vibratory". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "remonstrate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "tergiversate". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries."tergiversate (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "celebratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "compensatory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "participatory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "regulatory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "laboratory". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries."laboratory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "converse (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "guffaw (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "spreadeagled (BrE)". Cambridge Dictionaries.
- ^ "Pakistan (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "obscurantism". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "military (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "inventory (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "testimony". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "innovative". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "library". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "primary". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "rosemary". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ Hartwell, Patrick. (1980). "Dialect Interference in Writing: A Critical View". Research in the Teaching of English, 14(2), p. 103. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40170844
- ^ "necessarily (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "ductile (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "febrile (AmE)". Merriam-Webster."febrile (AmE)". Macmillan Dictionary.
- ^ "projectile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "utile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "rutile (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ Boberg, Charles (2015). "North American English". In Reed, Marnie; Levis, John M. (eds.). The Handbook of English Pronunciation. Wiley. pp. 229–250. doi:10.1002/9781118346952.ch13. ISBN 978-1-11831447-0.
- ^ "labyrinthine (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "Saint (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Changing Voices: Trap Bath Split". British Library. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "Nevada (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ Lindsey, Geoff (1990). "Quantity and quality in British and American vowel systems". In Ramsaran, Susan (ed.). Studies in the Pronunciation of English: A Commemorative Volume in Honour of A.C. Gimson. Routledge. pp. 106–118. ISBN 978-0-41507180-2.; Boberg, Charles Soren (1997). Variation and change in the nativization of foreign (a) in English (PhD). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "Kebab (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "praline (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "quagmire (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "sausage (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "leprechaun (AmE)". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "falcon (AmE)". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
- ^ "aesthete (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "amenity (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ a b c Brown, Lesley (1993). The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
- ^ "esoteric (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "oestrogen (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "oestrus (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "Haggai (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "baroque (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ Wells 2000
- ^ "yoghurt (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "codicil (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "privacy (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "tricolour (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "been (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "boulevard". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "route (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "acorn". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "melancholy (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "parallelepiped (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "template (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ OED entry
- ^ "erudite (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "résumé (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "visa (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "sandwich (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "Dionysius (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "nausea (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "transient (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "celestial (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "consortium (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "sentient (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com."sentient (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ Jones, Daniel (1991). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521425865.
- ^ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Longman.
- ^ "chthonic (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "herb (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "Knossos (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "salve (AmE)". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
- ^ "cosmos (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "mama (BrE)". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ "phthisic (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "premature". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
- ^ "provost (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "vase (main AmE, Collins BrE)". Dictionary.com.
- ^ "vase (AmE)". Merriam-Webster.
Otras lecturas
- Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., & Goodwin, J. M. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: A reference and course text (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Kenyon, J.S.; T. Knott (1953). A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 978-0-87779-047-1.
- Lewis, J. Windsor (1972). A Concise Pronouncing Dictionary of British and American English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-431123 6.
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- Upton, C.; Kretschmar, W.; Konopka, R. (2001). The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-863156-1.
- Wells, John C. (2000). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 2nd ed. Longman. ISBN 0-582-36468-X.