Anchorage (oficialmente llamado Municipio de Anchorage ; Dena'ina : Dgheyay Kaq '; Dgheyaytnu ) es una ciudad-distrito municipal unificada consolidada en el estado estadounidense de Alaska , en la costa oeste de los Estados Unidos . Con un estimado de 288,000 residentes en 2019, [6] es la ciudad más poblada de Alaska y contiene casi el 40% de la población del estado. El área metropolitana de Anchorage , que incluye Anchorage y el vecino distrito de Matanuska-Susitna , tenía una población de 396,317 en 2019, lo que representa más de la mitad de la población del estado. En 1,706 millas cuadradas (4,420 km 2) de área terrestre, la ciudad es la cuarta más grande por área en los Estados Unidos y más grande que el estado más pequeño, Rhode Island , que tiene 1.212 millas cuadradas (3.140 km 2 ). [7] [8]
Anchorage, Alaska | |
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Municipio de Anchorage | |
Horizonte de Anchorage y Bootleggers Cove , visto desde Point Woronzof Park , abril de 2008 | |
Sello | |
Apodos: | |
Lema (s): Gran vida salvaje | |
Anclaje Ubicación dentro de Alaska | |
Coordenadas: 61 ° 13′N 149 ° 54′W / 61,217 ° N 149,900 ° WCoordenadas : 61 ° 13'N 149 ° 54'W / 61,217 ° N 149,900 ° W | |
País | Estados Unidos |
Expresar | Alaska |
Ciudad | Anclaje |
Establecido | 1914 |
Incorporado |
|
Nombrado para | El fondeadero en la desembocadura de Ship Creek |
Gobierno | |
• Cuerpo | Conjunto de anclaje [3] |
• Alcalde | Austin Quinn-Davidson ( I ) |
• Senado de Alaska | Senadores
|
• Casa de Alaska | Representantes
|
Área [4] | |
• Municipio consolidado | 1.944,05 millas cuadradas (5.035,06 km 2 ) |
• Tierra | 1.706,80 millas cuadradas (4.420,59 km 2 ) |
• Agua | 237,25 millas cuadradas (614,47 km 2 ) |
• Urbano | 204 km 2 (78,8 millas cuadradas ) |
Elevación | 102 pies (31 m) |
Población ( 2010 ) | |
• Municipio consolidado | 291,826 |
• Estimación (2019) [6] | 288.000 |
• Rango |
|
• Densidad | 168,74 / mi2 (65,15 / km 2 ) |
• Urbano | 251,243 (EE.UU .: 149º ) [5] |
• Metro | 399,148 (Estados Unidos: 134 ° ) |
Demonym (s) |
|
Zona horaria | UTC-9 ( AKST ) |
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC − 8 ( AKDT ) |
código postal | 99501–99524, 99529-99530, 99599 |
Código (s) de área | 907 |
Codificación geográfica | 1398242 |
Código FIPS | 02-03000 |
Sitio web | www .muni .org |
Anchorage se encuentra en el centro sur de Alaska , en el término de Cook Inlet , en una península formada por Knik Arm al norte y Turnagain Arm al sur. [9] Los límites de la ciudad abarcan 1.961,1 millas cuadradas (5.079,2 km 2 ), abarcando el núcleo urbano , una base militar conjunta , [10] varias comunidades periféricas y casi todo el Parque Estatal Chugach . [11]
Debido a su ubicación, casi equidistante de la ciudad de Nueva York y Tokio , Anchorage se encuentra a 9+1 ⁄ 2 horas por aire de casi el 90% del mundo industrializado. [12] Por esta razón, el Aeropuerto Internacional Ted Stevens Anchorage es una parada común de reabastecimiento de combustible para vuelos de carga internacionales y el hogar de un importantecentro de FedEx , que la compañía llama una "parte crítica" de su red global de servicios. [13]
Anchorage ha ganado el premio All-America City en cuatro ocasiones: en 1956, 1965, 1984–85 y 2002, de la Liga Cívica Nacional . [14] Kiplinger la ha llamado la ciudad más amigable con los impuestos de los Estados Unidos. [15]
Historia
La presencia rusa en el centro-sur de Alaska estaba bien establecida en el siglo XIX. En 1867, el secretario de Estado de los EE. UU., William H. Seward, negoció un trato para comprar Alaska a la Rusia imperial por $ 7,2 millones, o alrededor de dos centavos por acre ($ 111,3 millones en dólares de 2019). [16] Sus rivales políticos satirizaron el acuerdo como " la locura de Seward ", "La nevera de Seward" y "Walrussia". En 1888, se descubrió oro a lo largo de Turnagain Arm, al sur de la actual Anchorage.
Alaska se convirtió en un territorio incorporado organizado de los Estados Unidos en 1912. Anchorage, a diferencia de cualquier otra ciudad grande en Alaska al sur de Brooks Range , no era ni un campamento de pesca ni de minería. El área que rodea Anchorage carece de importantes minerales metálicos económicos. Varios asentamientos Dena'ina existieron a lo largo de Knik Arm durante años. En 1911, las familias de JD "Bud" Whitney y Jim St. Clair vivían en la desembocadura de Ship Creek y se les unieron allí un joven guardabosques, Jack Brown, y su esposa, Nellie, en 1912. [17]
La ciudad creció a partir de su elección fortuita como el sitio, en 1914, bajo la dirección de Frederick Mears , de un puerto de construcción de ferrocarriles para la Comisión de Ingeniería de Alaska . El área cerca de la desembocadura de Ship Creek , donde estaba la sede del ferrocarril, se convirtió rápidamente en una ciudad de tiendas de campaña . Se trazó un mapa de un poblado en un terreno más alto al sur de la ciudad de las tiendas de campaña, muy conocido en los años posteriores por su orden y rigidez en comparación con otros sitios de la ciudad de Alaska. [18] En 1915, el gobernador territorial John Franklin Alexander Strong alentó a los residentes a cambiar el nombre de la ciudad por uno que tuviera "más significado y asociaciones locales". [19] En el verano de ese año, los residentes celebraron una votación para cambiar el nombre de la ciudad; una pluralidad de residentes favoreció cambiar el nombre de la ciudad a "Ciudad de Alaska". [19] Sin embargo, el gobierno territorial finalmente se negó a cambiar el nombre de la ciudad. [19] Anchorage se incorporó el 23 de noviembre de 1920. [18]
La construcción del ferrocarril de Alaska continuó hasta su finalización en 1923. La economía de la ciudad en las décadas de 1920 y 1930 se centró en el ferrocarril. El coronel Otto F. Ohlson, gerente general del ferrocarril nacido en Suecia durante casi dos décadas, se convirtió en un símbolo del desprecio de los residentes debido al firme control que mantenía sobre los asuntos del ferrocarril, que por extensión se convirtió en control sobre los aspectos económicos y de otro tipo. de la vida en Alaska.
Entre las décadas de 1930 y 1950, la ciudad experimentó un crecimiento masivo a medida que el transporte aéreo y el ejército se volvieron cada vez más importantes. Las operaciones de aviación en Anchorage comenzaron a lo largo del cortafuegos al sur de la ciudad (hoy Delaney Park Strip ), que los residentes también usaban como campo de golf . Un aumento en el tráfico aéreo condujo a la limpieza de un sitio directamente al este de los límites del sitio de la ciudad a partir de 1929; este se convirtió en Merrill Field , que sirvió como el principal aeropuerto de Anchorage durante las décadas de 1930 y 1940, hasta que el Aeropuerto Internacional de Anchorage lo reemplazó en 1951. Sin embargo, Merrill Field todavía ve una cantidad significativa de tráfico de aviación general .
La Base de la Fuerza Aérea Elmendorf y el Fuerte Richardson del Ejército de los Estados Unidos se construyeron en la década de 1940 y sirvieron como el principal motor económico de la ciudad hasta que el descubrimiento de Prudhoe Bay en 1968 cambió el impulso de la economía hacia la industria petrolera. El proceso de Cierre y Realineación de Base de 2005 llevó a la combinación de las dos bases (junto con la Base de la Guardia Nacional Aérea de Kulis ) para formar la Base Conjunta Elmendorf-Richardson .
El terremoto del Viernes Santo del 27 de marzo de 1964 afectó duramente a Anchorage con una magnitud de 9,2, matando a 115 personas y causando $ 116 millones en daños ($ 0,75 mil millones en dólares de 2019). [16] [20] [21] [22] El evento que sacudió la tierra duró casi cinco minutos; la mayoría de las estructuras que fallaron permanecieron intactas durante los primeros minutos y luego fallaron con flexiones repetidas. [21] [22] Fue el segundo terremoto más grande del mundo en la historia registrada . [21] [22] A la locutora Genie Chance se le ha atribuido el mérito de mantener unido a Anchorage, ya que inmediatamente corrió al Edificio de Seguridad Pública de Anchorage y permaneció en las ondas de KENI durante casi 24 horas continuas. [23] Chance, efectivamente designada como oficial de seguridad pública por el jefe de policía de la ciudad, [24] jugó un papel decisivo en los esfuerzos de socorro y recuperación de Anchorage, ya que coordinó los esfuerzos de respuesta, conectó las necesidades urgentes con los recursos disponibles, difundió información sobre refugios y fuentes de alimentos disponibles y transmitió mensajes entre sus seres queridos por aire, reuniendo a las familias. [23] Debido a que la ciudad y el área suburbana circundante se construyó en un terreno superior que consiste en limo glacial, el temblor prolongado del terremoto provocó la licuefacción del suelo, lo que provocó grietas masivas en las carreteras y el colapso de grandes franjas de tierra. Una de las áreas residenciales más afectadas de Anchorage, el vecindario de Turnagain, vio a docenas de casas originalmente a 250 a 300 pies sobre el nivel del mar hundirse hasta el nivel del mar. La reconstrucción y la recuperación dominaron el resto de la década de 1960.
En 1968, ARCO descubrió petróleo en Prudhoe Bay en Alaska North Slope , y el boom petrolero resultante estimuló un mayor crecimiento en Anchorage. En 1975, la ciudad de Anchorage y el municipio de Greater Anchorage Area (que incluye Eagle River , Girdwood , Glen Alps y varias otras comunidades) se fusionaron en el municipio geográficamente más grande de Anchorage. [18] La ciudad continuó creciendo en la década de 1980, y Se llevaron a cabo proyectos de capital y una agresiva campaña de embellecimiento.
Se han hecho varios intentos para trasladar la capital del estado de Alaska de Juneau a Anchorage, oa un sitio más cercano a Anchorage. La motivación es sencilla: el "cinturón ferroviario" entre Anchorage y Fairbanks contiene la mayor parte de la población de Alaska. Robert Atwood, propietario del Anchorage Times y un impulsor incansable de la ciudad, defendió la medida. Los habitantes de Alaska rechazaron los intentos de trasladar la capital en 1960 y 1962, pero en 1974, cuando el centro de población de Alaska se alejó del sureste de Alaska y se trasladó a la zona ferroviaria, los votantes aprobaron la medida. Comunidades como Fairbanks y gran parte de las zonas rurales de Alaska se opusieron a trasladar la capital a Anchorage por temor a concentrar más poder en la ciudad más grande del estado. Como resultado, en 1976, los votantes aprobaron un plan para construir una nueva ciudad capital cerca de Willow , a unas 70 millas (110 km) al norte de Anchorage. En las elecciones de 1978, los opositores a la medida reaccionaron haciendo campaña para derrotar una emisión de bonos de casi $ 1 mil millones para financiar la construcción del nuevo edificio del capitolio y las instalaciones relacionadas ($ 3 mil millones en dólares de 2019). [16] . Los intentos posteriores de trasladar la capital o la legislatura a Wasilla , al norte de Anchorage, también fracasaron. [25] Anchorage tiene más del doble de empleados estatales que Juneau y es en gran medida el centro de la actividad del gobierno estatal y federal en Alaska. [ cita requerida ]
Geografía
Anchorage se encuentra en el centro sur de Alaska . A 61 grados al norte , se encuentra un poco más al norte que Oslo , Estocolmo , Helsinki y San Petersburgo , pero no tan al norte como Reykjavík o Murmansk . Está al noreste de la península de Alaska , la isla Kodiak y la ensenada de Cook , al norte de la península de Kenai , al noroeste de Prince William Sound y Alaska Panhandle , y casi al sur de Denali .
La ciudad está en una franja de tierras bajas costeras y se extiende por las laderas alpinas más bajas de las montañas Chugach . Point Campbell, el punto más occidental de Anchorage en el continente, se adentra en Cook Inlet cerca de su extremo norte, en cuyo punto se divide en dos brazos . Al sur está Turnagain Arm, un fiordo que tiene algunas de las mareas más altas del mundo. Knik Arm, otra entrada de marea, se encuentra al oeste y al norte. Las montañas de Chugach en el este forman un límite al desarrollo, pero no a los límites de la ciudad, que abarcan parte del territorio alpino salvaje del Parque Estatal de Chugach .
La costa del mar de la ciudad se compone principalmente de marismas traicioneras . Se advierte a los recién llegados y turistas que no caminen en esta área debido a los cambios extremos de marea y al sedimento glacial muy fino . Víctimas despreocupadas han caminado sobre el lodo sólido aparente que se revela cuando la marea está baja y se han quedado atrapadas en el lodo. Los dos casos registrados de esto ocurrieron en 1961 y 1988. [26]
Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos , el municipio tiene una superficie de 5079,2 km 2 (1961,1 millas cuadradas ); 1.697,2 millas cuadradas (4.395,8 km 2 ) de las cuales es tierra y 263,9 millas cuadradas (683,4 km 2 ) son agua. El área total es 13,46% de agua.
Los distritos y áreas de censo próximos al municipio de Anchorage son el distrito de Matanuska-Susitna al norte, el distrito de la península de Kenai al sur y el área del censo de Valdez-Cordova al este. El Bosque Nacional Chugach , un área protegida nacional , se extiende hacia la parte sur del municipio, cerca de Girdwood y Portage .
Paisaje urbano
Wildlife
A diverse wildlife population exists within urban Anchorage and the surrounding area. Approximately 250 black bears and 60 grizzly bears live in the area. Bears are regularly sighted within the city. Moose are also a common sight; in the Anchorage Bowl, there is a summer population of approximately 250 moose, increasing to as many as 1,000 during the winter. They are a hazard to drivers, with over 100 moose killed by cars each year. Two people were stomped to death, in 1993 and 1995, in Anchorage.[27] Cross-country skiers and dog mushers using city trails have been charged by moose on numerous occasions; the Alaska Department of Fish and Game has to kill some individual aggressive moose in the city every year. Mountain goats can be commonly sighted along the Seward Highway between Anchorage and Girdwood, and Dall sheep are often viewed quite close to the road at Windy Point.[28] Approximately thirty northern timber wolves reside in the Anchorage area. In 2007, several dogs were killed by timber wolves while on walks with their owners.[29][30] There are also beaver dams in local creeks and lakes, and sightings of foxes and kits in parking lots close to wooded areas in the spring are common. Along the Seward Highway headed toward Kenai, there are common sightings of beluga whales in the Turnagain Arm. Lynxes are occasionally sighted in Anchorage as well. Within the Municipality there are also a number of streams that host salmon runs. Fishing for salmon at Ship Creek next to downtown is popular in the summer.
Climate
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anchorage has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc) but with strong maritime influences that lead to a relatively moderate climate.[32] Most of its precipitation falls in late summer. Average daytime summer temperatures range from approximately 55 to 78 °F (13 to 26 °C); average daytime winter temperatures are about 5 to 30 °F (−15.0 to −1.1 °C). Anchorage has a frost-free growing season that averages slightly over 101 days. According to local folklore, when a native plant called fireweed goes to seed after a full bloom, the first snowfall of winter is 6 weeks away.[33]
Average January low and high temperatures at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) are 11 to 23 °F (−12 to −5 °C) with an average winter snowfall of 75.5 inches (192 cm).[34] The 2011–2012 winter had 134.5 in (341.6 cm), which made it the[35] snowiest winter on record, topping[35][36] the 1954–1955 winter with 132.8 in (337.3 cm). The coldest temperature ever recorded at the original weather station at Merrill Field on the East end of 5th Avenue was −38 °F (−38.9 °C) on February 3, 1947.[nb 1]
Summers are mild (although cool compared to the contiguous US and even interior Alaska), and it can rain frequently, although not abundantly. Average July low and high temperatures are 52 to 66 °F (11 to 19 °C) and the highest reading ever recorded was 90 °F (32.2 °C) on July 4, 2019.[37] The average annual precipitation at the airport is 16.63 inches (422 mm).[34] Anchorage's latitude causes summer days to be very long and winter daylight hours to be very short. The city is often cloudy during the winter, which further decreases the amount of sunlight experienced by residents.[38]
Due to its proximity to active volcanoes, ash hazards are a significant, though infrequent, occurrence. The most recent notable volcanic activity centered on the multiple eruptions of Mount Redoubt during March–April 2009, resulting in a 25,000-foot (7,600 m) high ash cloud as well as ash accumulation throughout the Cook Inlet region. Previously, the most active recent event was an August 1992 eruption of Mount Spurr, which is 78 miles (126 km) west of the city.[39] The eruption deposited about 3 mm (0.1 in) of volcanic ash on the city. The clean-up of ash resulted in excessive demands for water and caused major problems for the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility.
The average temperature of the sea ranges from 35.8 °F (2.1 °C) in February to 53.1 °F (11.7 °C) in August.[40]
Climate data for Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (1981−2010 normals,[41] extremes 1953−present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 50 (10) | 49 (9) | 53 (12) | 69 (21) | 77 (25) | 85 (29) | 90 (32) | 82 (28) | 73 (23) | 64 (18) | 54 (12) | 51 (11) | 90 (32) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 41.0 (5.0) | 42.5 (5.8) | 44.1 (6.7) | 55.7 (13.2) | 68.4 (20.2) | 74.0 (23.3) | 75.0 (23.9) | 73.3 (22.9) | 64.2 (17.9) | 53.9 (12.2) | 42.6 (5.9) | 41.9 (5.5) | 76.9 (24.9) |
Average high °F (°C) | 23.1 (−4.9) | 26.6 (−3.0) | 33.9 (1.1) | 44.5 (6.9) | 56.0 (13.3) | 62.8 (17.1) | 65.4 (18.6) | 63.5 (17.5) | 55.1 (12.8) | 40.5 (4.7) | 27.8 (−2.3) | 24.8 (−4.0) | 43.7 (6.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 17.1 (−8.3) | 20.2 (−6.6) | 26.6 (−3.0) | 36.8 (2.7) | 47.8 (8.8) | 55.2 (12.9) | 58.8 (14.9) | 56.7 (13.7) | 48.6 (9.2) | 34.8 (1.6) | 22.2 (−5.4) | 19.0 (−7.2) | 37.0 (2.8) |
Average low °F (°C) | 11.1 (−11.6) | 13.8 (−10.1) | 19.2 (−7.1) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 39.6 (4.2) | 47.7 (8.7) | 52.2 (11.2) | 50.0 (10.0) | 42.0 (5.6) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 16.6 (−8.6) | 13.2 (−10.4) | 30.4 (−0.9) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −10.4 (−23.6) | −6.7 (−21.5) | 2.1 (−16.6) | 15.9 (−8.9) | 30.4 (−0.9) | 39.3 (4.1) | 45.6 (7.6) | 41.5 (5.3) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 13.4 (−10.3) | −0.8 (−18.2) | −7.5 (−21.9) | −15.7 (−26.5) |
Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) | −28 (−33) | −24 (−31) | −4 (−20) | 17 (−8) | 33 (1) | 36 (2) | 31 (−1) | 19 (−7) | −5 (−21) | −21 (−29) | −30 (−34) | −34 (−37) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.73 (19) | 0.72 (18) | 0.60 (15) | 0.47 (12) | 0.72 (18) | 0.97 (25) | 1.83 (46) | 3.25 (83) | 2.99 (76) | 2.03 (52) | 1.16 (29) | 1.11 (28) | 16.58 (421) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 11.3 (29) | 10.9 (28) | 9.9 (25) | 4.0 (10) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 7.9 (20) | 13.1 (33) | 16.7 (42) | 74.5 (189) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.2 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 12.0 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 11.9 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 115.2 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.6 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 10.8 | 48.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 73.4 | 71.4 | 66.1 | 64.3 | 61.6 | 65.6 | 71.4 | 75.1 | 75.9 | 74.5 | 77.1 | 77.1 | 71.1 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 8.1 (−13.3) | 11.1 (−11.6) | 15.4 (−9.2) | 24.1 (−4.4) | 33.4 (0.8) | 42.4 (5.8) | 48.6 (9.2) | 47.8 (8.8) | 40.6 (4.8) | 27.0 (−2.8) | 15.3 (−9.3) | 10.6 (−11.9) | 27.0 (−2.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82.9 | 120.5 | 195.8 | 235.3 | 288.7 | 274.7 | 250.1 | 203.9 | 159.8 | 117.1 | 80.6 | 51.8 | 2,061.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 41 | 48 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 48 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 30 | 46 |
Average ultraviolet index | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Source 1: NOAA[34][42][43] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas [44] (sunshine data) |
Climate data for Anchorage | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 36.9 (2.8) | 35.8 (2.1) | 36.1 (2.3) | 37.5 (3.0) | 42.4 (5.8) | 47.7 (8.8) | 52.4 (11.3) | 53.1 (11.7) | 51.6 (10.9) | 47.5 (8.6) | 43.0 (6.1) | 39.6 (4.2) | 43.6 (6.5) |
Mean daily daylight hours | 7.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 12.5 |
Source: Weather Atlas [44] |
Climate data for Campbell Airstrip (Anchorage Alaska) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 20 (−7) | 26 (−3) | 35 (2) | 45 (7) | 58 (14) | 66 (19) | 68 (20) | 65 (18) | 55 (13) | 41 (5) | 26 (−3) | 22 (−6) | 44 (7) |
Average low °F (°C) | 2 (−17) | 4 (−16) | 9 (−13) | 22 (−6) | 33 (1) | 41 (5) | 47 (8) | 44 (7) | 35 (2) | 22 (−6) | 7 (−14) | 5 (−15) | 23 (−5) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10.0 (25) | 16.0 (41) | 18.0 (46) | 9.0 (23) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 9.0 (23) | 11.0 (28) | 2.0 (5.1) | 75.2 (191.61) |
Source: NOAA[34] |
Demografía
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1920 | 1,856 | — | |
1930 | 2,277 | 22.7% | |
1940 | 3,495 | 53.5% | |
1950 | 11,254 | 222.0% | |
1960 | 44,397 | 294.5% | |
1970 | 48,081 | 8.3% | |
1980 | 174,431 | 262.8% | |
1990 | 226,338 | 29.8% | |
2000 | 260,283 | 15.0% | |
2010 | 291,826 | 12.1% | |
2019 (est.) | 288,000 | [6] | −1.3% |
U.S. Decennial Census[45] 2018 Estimate[46] [47] |
Anchorage first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census.[48] It incorporated that same year. In 1975, it consolidated with its borough.
According to the 2010 census, Anchorage had a population of 291,826 and its racial and ethnic composition was as follows:[49][50][51]
- White: 66.0% (62.6% non-Hispanic)
- Two or more races: 8.1%
- Asian: 8.1% (3.3% Filipino, 1.2% Korean, 1.1% Hmong)
- American Indian and Alaska Natives: 7.9% (1.4% Iñupiat, 1.1% Yup'ik, 0.8% Aleut)
- Black or African American: 5.6%
- Other race: 2.3%
- Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders: 2.0% (1.4% Samoan)
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 7.6% (4.4% Mexican, 1.2% Puerto Rican)
Racial composition | 2010[52] | 1990[53] | 1970[53] | 1950[53] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White | 66.0% | 80.7% | 87.2% | 97.2% |
—Non-Hispanic | 62.6% | 78.7% | n/a | n/a |
Black or African American | 5.6% | 6.4% | 5.9% | n/a |
Native American or Alaska Native | 7.9% | 6.4% | 1.8% | 1.2% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 7.6% | 4.1% | 2.4%[54] | n/a |
Asian | 8.1% | 4.8% | 1.0% | n/a |
According to the 2010 census, the largest national ancestry groups were as follows: 17.3% German, 10.8% Irish, 9.1% English, 6.9% Scandinavian (3.6% Norwegian, 2.2% Swedish, 0.6% Danish) and 5.6% French/French Canadian ancestry.[55][56]
According to the 2010 American Community Survey, approximately 82.3% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Spanish was spoken by 3.8% of the population; speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.0% of the population; those who spoke Asian and Pacific Islander languages at home were 9.1%; and speakers of other languages made up 1.8%.[57]
In 2010, there were 291,826 people, 107,332 households and 70,544 families residing in the municipality. The population density was 171.2 per square mile (59.2/km2). There were 113,032 housing units at an average density of 59.1 per square mile (22.8/km2). There were 107,332 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.3% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.19. The age distribution was 26.0% under 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32.9 years. 50.8% of the population was male and 49.2% were female.[58]
The median income for a household in the municipality was $73,004, and the median income for a family was $85,829. The per capita income for the municipality was $34,678. About 5.1% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line.[59][60] Of the city's population over the age of 25, 33.7% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 92.1% had a high school diploma or equivalent.[55]
Languages
In 2010, 83.7% (220,304) of Anchorage residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 4.47% (11,769) spoke Spanish, 2.53% (6,654) Tagalog, 1.56% (4,108) various Pacific Island languages, 1.38% (3,636) various Native American/Alaska Native languages, 1.14% (2,994) Korean, 0.63% (1,646) German, 0.57% (1,502) Hmong, 0.50% (1,307) Russian, and Japanese was spoken as a main language by 0.45% (1,185) of the population over the age of five. In total, 16.33% (43,010) of Anchorage's population aged five and older spoke a mother language other than English.[61]
As of September 7, 2006[update], 94 languages were spoken by students in the Anchorage School District.[62]
Economía
Anchorage's largest economic sectors include transportation, military, municipal, state and federal government, tourism, corporate headquarters (including regional headquarters for multinational corporations) and resource extraction. Large portions of the local economy depend on Anchorage's geographical location and surrounding natural resources. Anchorage's economy traditionally has seen steady growth, though not quite as rapid as many places in the lower 48 states. With the notable exception of a real estate-related crash in the mid-to-late 1980s, which saw the failure of numerous financial institutions, it does not experience as much pain during economic downturns.
The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (TSAIA) is the world's fourth busiest airport for cargo traffic, surpassed only by Memphis, Hong Kong, and Shanghai Pudong. This traffic is strongly linked to Anchorage's location along great circle routes between Asia and the lower 48. In addition, the airport has an abundant supply of jet fuel from in-state refineries in North Pole and Kenai. This jet fuel is transported to the Port of Anchorage, then by rail or pipeline to the airport.
The Port of Anchorage receives 95 percent of all goods destined for Alaska. Ships from Totem Ocean Trailer Express and Horizon Lines arrive twice weekly from the Port of Tacoma in Washington. Along with handling these activities, the port is a storage facility for jet fuel from Alaskan refineries, which is used at both TSAIA and Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER).
The existing port was substantially built in the late 1950s and is reaching the end of its useful life. Beginning in 2017, the Port of Anchorage is undertaking an extensive 7-year Anchorage Port Modernization Project[63] to upgrade its aging infrastructure, support larger deeper draft vessels, and future proof the port seismically and environmentally for another 75 years.
The United States military used to have two large installations, Elmendorf Air Force Base and Fort Richardson, which originally stemmed from the branching off of the U.S. Air Force from the U.S. Army following World War II. In a cost-cutting effort initiated by the 2005 BRAC proceedings, the bases were combined. JBER was created, which also incorporated Kulis Air National Guard Base near TSAIA. The combination of these three bases employ approximately 8,500 civilian and military personnel. These individuals along with their families comprise approximately ten percent of the local population. During the Cold War, Elmendorf became an important base due to its proximity to the Soviet Union, particularly as a command center for numerous forward air stations established throughout the western reaches of Alaska (most of which have since closed).
While Juneau is the official state capital of Alaska, more state employees reside in the Anchorage area. Approximately 6,800 state employees work in Anchorage compared to about 3,800 in Juneau. The State of Alaska purchased the Bank of America Center (which it renamed the Robert B. Atwood Building) to house most of its offices, after several decades of leasing space in the McKay Building (now the McKinley Tower) and later the Frontier Building.
The resource sector, mainly petroleum, is arguably Anchorage's most visible industry, with many high rises bearing the logos of large multinationals such as BP and ConocoPhillips. While field operations are centered on the Alaska North Slope and south of Anchorage around Cook Inlet, the majority of offices and administration are found in Anchorage. The headquarters building of ConocoPhillips Alaska, a subsidiary of ConocoPhillips, is in downtown Anchorage.[64] It is also the tallest building in Alaska. Many companies who provide oilfield support services are likewise headquartered outside of Anchorage but maintain a substantial presence in the city, most notably Arctic Slope Regional Corporation and CH2M Hill.
Four small airlines, Alaska Central Express,[65] Era Aviation,[66] Hageland Aviation Services,[67] and PenAir, are headquartered in Anchorage.[68] Alaska Airlines (at one point headquartered in Anchorage, but now headquartered in the Seattle area), has major offices and facilities at TSAIA, including the offices of the Alaska Airlines Foundation.[69] Prior to their respective dissolutions, airlines MarkAir, Reeve Aleutian Airways and Wien Air Alaska were also headquartered in Anchorage.[70][71][72] The Reeve Building, at the corner of West Sixth Avenue and D Street, was spared the wrecking ball when the city block it sits on was cleared to make way for the Anchorage 5th Avenue Mall, and was incorporated into the mall's structure. In 2013, Forbes named Anchorage among its list of Best Places for Business and Careers.[73]
Five Alaska Native regional corporations are based in Anchorage: The Aleut Corporation, Bristol Bay Native Corporation, Calista Corporation, Chugach Alaska Corporation, and Cook Inlet Region, Inc.
Anchorage does not levy a sales tax. However, it charges a 12% bed tax on hotel stays and an 8% tax on car rentals.[74] Since about 2000, in response to strong revenue and occupancy rates, major hotel developers from the Lower 48 have been building new hotels along C Street from International Airport Road to just north of Tudor Road, with two more to open in 2017, making this half-mile stretch of C Street a new "hotel row".[75] From Anchorage people can easily head south to popular fishing locations on the Kenai Peninsula or north to locations such as Denali National Park and Fairbanks.
Letras
Located next to Town Square Park in downtown Anchorage, the Alaska Center for the Performing Arts is a three-part complex that hosts numerous performing arts events each year. The facility can accommodate more than 3,000 persons. In 2000, nearly 245,000 people visited 678 public performances. It is home to eight resident performing arts companies and has featured mega-musicals performed by visiting companies. The center also hosts the International Ice Carving Competition as part of the Fur Rendezvous festival in February.
The Anchorage Concert Association brings 20 to 30 events to the community each year, including Broadway shows like Disney's The Lion King, Les Misérables, Mamma Mia!, The Phantom of The Opera, West Side Story, and others. The Sitka Summer Music Festival presents an "Autumn Classics" festival of chamber music for two weeks each September on the campus of Alaska Pacific University. Orchestras include the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra and the Anchorage Youth Symphony.
Annually in January, the Anchorage Folk Festival takes place at the University of Alaska Anchorage, featuring concerts, dances, and workshops with featured guest artists and over 130 performances by volunteer singers, dancers, musicians, and storytellers.
- Alaska Native Heritage Center[76]
- Alaska Museum of Natural History[77]
- Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum
- Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center[78]
- Oscar Anderson House Museum[79]
- Wells Fargo Alaska Heritage Library & Museum[80]
The city of Anchorage provides three municipal facilities large enough to hold major events such as concerts, trade shows and conventions. Downtown facilities include the Alaska Center for the Performing Arts, William A. Egan Civic & Convention Center and the recently completed Dena'ina Civic and Convention Center, which will be connected via skybridge to form the Anchorage Civic & Convention District. The Sullivan Arena hosts sporting events as well as concerts and annual trade shows.
Deportes
National attention focuses on Anchorage on the first Saturday of each March, when the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race kicks off with its ceremonial start downtown on Fourth Avenue. Anchorage is also home to the Fur Rendezvous Open World Championship Sled Dog Races, a three-day dog sled sprint event consisting of 3 timed races of 25.5 miles (41.0 km) each. Held each February, the event is part of the annual Fur Rendezvous, a winter sports carnival.
Anchorage is the home of three teams in the Alaska Baseball League. The Anchorage Bucs and Anchorage Glacier Pilots, which both play at Mulcahy Stadium, and the Chugiak-Eagle River Chinooks based at Lee Jordan Field in Chugiak.[81]
Anchorage has no professional sports teams. The most recent to call the city home was the Alaska Aces of the ECHL. The Aces were very successful during their time in Anchorage, claiming three league titles, four conference championships, and eight division championship during their 29-year history (1989–2017). The Aces affiliated with various National Hockey League teams, including the Calgary Flames, Minnesota Wild, and Vancouver Canucks. After the 2016–17 season, the team ceased operations and was sold to a group in Portland, Maine, where it became the Maine Mariners in the 2018–19 season. In 2021, the NAHL approved the addition of a hockey team in Anchorage.[82] The team will be known as the Anchorage Wolverines and will compete in the Midwest Division beginning in the 2021–22 season.
The University of Alaska Anchorage Seawolves are a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. UAA has Division I teams in gymnastics and hockey, as well as several other Division II teams. UAA sponsors the annual Great Alaska Shootout, an annual NCAA Division I basketball tournament featuring colleges and universities from across the United States along with the UAA team.
Anchorage is the finish line for the Sadler's Ultra Challenge wheelchair race.
There are four rugby clubs, including the Bird Creek Barbarians RFC, Anchorage Thunderbirds,[83] Mat Valley Maulers RFC, and Spenard Green Dragons.[84] The season runs from April through September.
The Anchorage Northern Knights gained national attention when they joined the eight-team Eastern Basketball Association in 1977, a league whose nearest competitor was 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from Anchorage. The Knights captured the 1979–80 league championship, and featured several players who would play in the NBA, most notably Brad Davis, a future player and broadcaster for the Dallas Mavericks. They competed in the renamed Continental Basketball Association for five seasons until the economic recession ended their run in 1982.
The city was the U.S. candidate for hosting the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics, but lost to Albertville, France and Lillehammer, Norway respectively. Anchorage is a premier cross-country skiing city, in terms of density of groomed trails within the urban core. There are 105 miles (169 km) of maintained ski trails in the city, some of which reach downtown. The same trail system also provides access to Chugach State Park, a 495,000-acre (200,000 ha) high alpine park.[85] The Tour of Anchorage is an annual 50-kilometer ski race within the city.[86] and is the Host for the 2009 and 2010 US Senior National Cross Country Ski Championship.[87]
Anchorage is also home to Alaska's first WFTDA flat track women's roller derby league, the Rage City Rollergirls.[88]
The Anchorage Football Stadium is also a noteworthy sports venue.
The 1989 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships was played in Anchorage.
Parques y Recreación
Parks, gardens, and wildlife refuges
- Alaska Native Heritage Center[89]
- The Alaska Botanical Garden has over 900 species of hardy perennials and 150 native plant species[90]
- Alaska Zoo[91]
- Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center[92]
- Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge
- Delaney Park Strip
- Kincaid Park
- Point Woronzof Park
- Flattop Mountain Recreation Area
- Westchester Lagoon/Margaret Eagan Sullivan Park
- Numerous other city parks throughout the borough
Recreational facilities
- Arctic Valley Ski Area[93]
- Alyeska Resort[94]
- Hilltop Ski Area[95]
- Kincaid Park[96]
- Tony Knowles Coastal Trail
Points of interest
- Moose's Tooth Pub & Pizzeria, a pub and pizzeria ranked 3rd best in the United States[97]
- Anchorage Museum
Gobierno y políticas
Year | Office | Results |
---|---|---|
2010 | Senator | Murkowski 42–32% |
House | Young 65–34% | |
Governor | Parnell 57–41% | |
2012 | President | Romney 53–43% |
House | Young 61 – 32% | |
2014 | Senator | Begich 48–47% |
House | Young 47–46% | |
Governor | Walker 49–45% | |
2016 | President | Trump 47–42% |
Senator | Murkowski 45–25% | |
House | Young 48–40% | |
2018 | House | Galvin 51–49% |
Governor | Begich 48–48% | |
2020 | President | Biden 49–47% |
Senator | Sullivan 50–47% | |
House | Galvin 51–49% |
Anchorage is governed by an elected mayor and 11-member assembly, with the assistance of a city manager. These positions are nonpartisan (as are all municipal elected offices in Alaska): no candidates officially run under any party banner. All 11 members are elected from districts known as sections. Five of the sections elect two members from designated seats, while the remaining section elects one member. Before the 1980 United States Census, the single-member section was the one centered around the northern Anchorage communities of Chugiak and Eagle River. Since then, the area encompassing Downtown Anchorage and surrounding neighborhoods has served as the city's single-member section. The mayor (along with members of the school board) is elected in a citywide vote. In practice, major candidates' party affiliation and political ideology are usually well known and highlighted by local media for the purpose of framing debate. The city's mayor is Austin Quinn-Davidson, a registered Democrat, and Anchorage's first female and openly gay mayor. Quinn-Davidson took office on October 23, 2020. Along with seven sister cities in the SCI program[clarification needed], Anchorage has a cultural exchange program with Montenegro.
In the 2017 municipal election, Christopher Constant and Felix Rivera became the first openly gay candidates elected to Anchorage public office.[98][99]
Anchorage generally leans toward Republican candidates in both state and presidential elections. But since the establishment of the municipality in 1975, there have been two Democratic mayors (Tony Knowles and Mark Begich), each of whom was elected to two consecutive terms and later to statewide office. Downtown, Girdwood, and much of both the west and east parts of town trend Democratic. Areas closest to the military bases, including Eagle River, and south Anchorage are the municipality's most Republican areas. Midtown is relatively moderate. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat to win Anchorage since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 68,169 | 46.97% | 70,933 | 48.87% | 6,031 | 4.16% |
2016 | 61,066 | 46.97% | 53,953 | 41.50% | 14,999 | 11.54% |
2012 | 66,430 | 53.06% | 54,026 | 43.15% | 4,745 | 3.79% |
2008 | 76,959 | 56.91% | 55,221 | 40.84% | 3,040 | 2.25% |
2004 | 76,807 | 59.93% | 47,676 | 37.20% | 3,681 | 2.87% |
2000 | 67,959 | 57.15% | 34,726 | 29.20% | 16,235 | 13.65% |
1996 | 51,627 | 52.79% | 32,638 | 33.37% | 13,538 | 13.84% |
1992 | 45,253 | 41.38% | 32,889 | 30.07% | 31,227 | 28.55% |
1988 | 50,508 | 61.16% | 29,412 | 35.62% | 2,659 | 3.22% |
1984 | 60,987 | 68.70% | 25,158 | 28.34% | 2,627 | 2.96% |
1980 | 38,956 | 59.10% | 15,186 | 23.04% | 11,774 | 17.86% |
1976 | 31,884 | 61.46% | 17,136 | 33.03% | 2,857 | 5.51% |
1972 | 23,918 | 63.31% | 10,859 | 28.74% | 3,003 | 7.95% |
1968 | 13,833 | 45.10% | 13,005 | 42.40% | 3,831 | 12.49% |
1964 | 9,051 | 40.07% | 13,537 | 59.93% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 11,119 | 53.71% | 9,581 | 46.29% | 0 | 0.00% |
Voting trends show that Downtown Anchorage votes Democratic in large margins, while Spenard, Turnagain/Inlet View, and University/Airport Heights are relatively moderate and swing in elections. The remaining Anchorage area votes Republican.[101] In 2018, Anchorage began conducting municipal elections by mail (as directed by the assembly in 2015) and had the highest voter turnout in the city's history.[102]
Anchorage-Eagle River sends 16 representatives (as of 2018[update], nine Republicans and seven Democrats) to the 40-member Alaska House of Representatives and eight senators (five Republicans and three Democrats) to the 20-member Senate. When seats from the neighboring Mat-Su Borough are added, more than half the Alaska state legislature comes from the Anchorage metropolitan area. This is often used as an argument for moving the state capital from Juneau to the Anchorage area.
Public safety
With a reported strength of 383 sworn officers, the Anchorage Police Department is the largest police department in the state, serving an area of 159 square miles with a population of 300,950.[103] Until 2016, Alaska State Troopers provided policing for the southern regions of Anchorage along Turnagain Arm. After their withdrawal, Girdwood contracted with the neighboring city of Whittier for its policing,[104] and the following year APD provided contract policing to other Turnagain Arm communities.[105] The Fire & EMS Operations Division of the Anchorage Fire Department (AFD) includes thirteen fire stations with over 300 personnel covering three rotating 24-hour shifts. Additionally, there are volunteer fire departments in Girdwood and Chugiak and fire departments on Elmendorf Air Force Base and Fort Richardson, as well as the Airport Police and Fire Department.[106]
Violent crimes[nb 2] per 100,000 pop. | Property crimes[nb 3] per 100,000 pop. | |
---|---|---|
Anchorage[107] | 837.7 | 3,518.0 |
Alaska[108] | 638.8 | 2,852.5 |
U.S. cities, pop. 100,000–249,999[109] | 519.6 | 3,846.8 |
U.S. cities, pop. 250,000–499,999[109] | 757.7 | 4,216.6 |
U.S. total[108] | 403.6 | 2,941.9 |
Source:FBI
Uniform Crime Reports |
In 2010, Anchorage reported 837.7 violent crimes per 100,000 population and 3,518.0 property crimes per 100,000 population (see table). Anchorage's crime rate, both for violent and property crimes, is higher than for Alaska as a whole or for the U.S. as a whole. When compared with U.S. cities of similar size, Anchorage has a slightly higher rate of violent crime and a slightly lower rate of property crime. Anchorage, and Alaska in general, have very high rates of sexual assault in comparison with the rest of the country, with Anchorage's annual rate of forcible rapes over three times as high as for the U.S. as a whole. In 2010, the rate of rape for Anchorage was 90.9 per 100,000 population,[107] while the U.S. rate was 27.5 per 100,000 population.[108] Alaska Natives are victimized at a much higher rate than their representation in the population.[110]
The Anchorage Community Survey, a public survey conducted in 2004–05 by the Justice Center at University of Alaska Anchorage, found that overall, Anchorage residents are fairly satisfied with the performance of the Anchorage Police Department.[111] Most survey respondents perceived the justice system to be "somewhat effective" or "very effective" at apprehending and prosecuting criminal suspects, bringing about just outcomes, and reducing crime.[112]
Educación
Public education in Anchorage, Eagle River, Chugiak, Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base is managed by the Anchorage School District, the 87th largest district in the United States, with nearly 50,000 students attending 98 schools.[113] There are also a number of choices in private education, including both religious and non-denominational schools.
Anchorage has four higher-education facilities that offer bachelor's or master's degrees: the University of Alaska Anchorage,[114] Alaska Pacific University, Charter College,[115] and the Anchorage campus of Texas-based Wayland Baptist University. The University of Alaska Fairbanks also has a small Center for Distance Education downtown. Other continuing education facilities in Anchorage include the Grainger Leadership Institute, Nine Star Enterprises, CLE International, Nana Worksafe, and PackBear DBA Barr & Co.
Ninety percent of Anchorage's adults have high-school diplomas, 65 percent have attended one to three years of college, and 17 percent hold advanced degrees.[citation needed]
Anchorage has the most ethnically diverse schools in the United States, including the three most diverse high schools, the three most diverse middle schools, and the 19 most diverse elementary schools. Even the least diverse schools in Anchorage rank in the top 1% nationally.[116]
The Chugach School District operates neighborhood schools in Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska, as well as the supplementary Voyage to Excellence Residential School in Anchorage; its board office is in Anchorage.[117] The Aleutian Region School District, which operates schools in areas of the Aleutian Islands, has its district administrative offices in Anchorage.[118]
Medios de comunicación
Anchorage's leading newspaper is the Anchorage Daily News,[119] a citywide daily newspaper. Other newspapers include the Alaska Star,[120] serving primarily Chugiak and Eagle River, the Anchorage Press,[121] a free weekly covering mainly cultural topics, and The Northern Light,[122] the student newspaper of the University of Alaska Anchorage. Anchorage's major network television affiliates are KTUU 2 (NBC), KTBY 4 (Fox), KAUU 5 (CBS/MyNetworkTV), KAKM 7 (PBS), KTVA 11 (Independent), KYUR 13 (ABC/CW), and KDMD 33 (Ion/Telemundo). Anchorage is one hour behind the Pacific Time Zone, and receives the same network feed as the West Coast. Weekday primetime runs from 7 to 10 pm. Effectively, programs are viewed at the same local hour as those in the Central Time Zone. The city's only cable television provider is General Communication, Inc. (GCI). However, Dish Network and DirecTV offer satellite television service in Anchorage and the surrounding area; and uses East Coast feeds.
There are many radio stations in Anchorage; see List of radio stations in Alaska for more information.
Salud y servicios públicos
Providence Alaska Medical Center on Providence Drive in Anchorage is the largest hospital in Alaska and is part of Providence Health & Services in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California. It features the state's most comprehensive range of services. Providence Health System has a history of serving Alaska, beginning when the Sisters of Providence of Montreal first brought health care to Nome in 1902. As the territory grew during the following decades, so did efforts to provide care. Hospitals were opened in Fairbanks in 1910 and Anchorage in 1937.
Alaska Regional Hospital on DeBarr Road opened in 1958 as Anchorage Presbyterian Hospital, downtown at 825 L Street. This predecessor to Alaska Regional was a joint venture between local physicians and the Presbyterian Church. In 1976 the hospital moved to its present location on DeBarr Road, and is now a 254-bed licensed and accredited facility. Alaska Regional has expanded services and in 1994, Alaska Regional joined with HCA, one of the nation's largest healthcare providers.
Alaska Native Medical Center on Tudor Road provides medical care and therapeutic health care to Alaska natives—229 tribes—at the Anchorage site and at 15 satellite facilities throughout the state. ANMC specialists also travel to clinics in the bush to provide care. The 150-bed hospital is also a teaching center for the University of Washington's regional medical education program. ANMC houses an office of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and Southcentral Foundation jointly own and manage ANMC.
The Municipal Light & Power (ML&P) and Chugach Electric Association provide electricity to the city. A municipally owned utility since 1932, ML&P supplies electric power to more than 30,000 residential and commercial customers in the Anchorage area. Chugach Electric Association is a nonprofit, member-owned cooperative formed in 1948.
Most homes have natural gas-fueled heat. ENSTAR Natural Gas Company is the sole provider for Anchorage, servicing some 90-percent of the city's population.
The Municipality of Anchorage owns and operates the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility, serving some 55,000 customer accounts with water from Eklutna Lake, which is mainly meltwater from Eklutna Glacier. Anchorage Municipal Solid Waste Services and Anchorage Refuse conduct trash removal in the city depending on location.
Transporte
Major Highways
- AK-1
- AK-3
In everyday discourse, Alaskans do not use numerical route designations, preferring instead the named designations—in this case the Seward Highway and the Glenn Highway.
Highway to Highway
On and off since the 1960s, the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, in coordination with the Federal Highway Administration and the Municipality of Anchorage (or the lineal predecessors of those entities), have been exploring the concept of a roadway connecting the endpoints of the Seward and Glenn highways. The project is called "Highway to Highway", and the most recent concept for this project is that of a "trenched" freeway through the heart of Anchorage.
Highway to Highway was included in the 2005 Long Range Transportation Plan, and would cost at least $575 million ($739 million in 2019 dollars).[16] – by far the largest urban infrastructure project in Alaska's history.
Public transit
Anchorage has a bus system called People Mover,[123] with a hub downtown and satellite hubs at Dimond Center and Muldoon Mall. The People Mover provides carpool organization services. The public paratransit service known as AnchorRides[124] provides point-to-point accessible transportation services to seniors and those who experience disabilities.
Rail
The Alaska Railroad offers year-round freight service along the length of its rail system between Seward (the southern terminus of the system), Fairbanks (the northern terminus of the system), and Whittier (a deep water, ice-free port). Daily passenger service is available during summer (May 15 – September 15), but is reduced to one round-trip per week between Anchorage and Fairbanks during the winter.[125][126][127] Passenger terminals exist at Talkeetna, Denali National Park, Fairbanks, and several other locations. These communities are also served by bus line from Anchorage. The Ship Creek Shuttle connects downtown with the Ship Creek area, including stops at the Alaska Railroad depot.
Anchorage also is conducting a feasibility study on a commuter rail and light rail system.[128][129] For the commuter rail system, Anchorage would use existing Alaska Railroad tracks to provide service to Whittier, Palmer, Seward, Wasilla, and Eagle River.
Air transport
The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of downtown Anchorage, is the airline hub for the state, served by many national and international airlines, including Seattle-based Alaska Airlines as well as many intrastate airlines and charter air services. The airport is the primary international air freight gateway in the nation. By weight, five percent of the value of all United States international air cargo moved through Anchorage in 2008.[130] During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was briefly the busiest airport in the United States due to sustained volume of cargo flights through Alaska while passenger travel sharply decreased in other American airports.[131] Next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is Lake Hood Seaplane Base, the largest Seaplane Base in the world. Merrill Field, a general aviation airport on the edge of downtown, was the 87th-busiest airport in the nation in 2010.[132] There are also ten smaller private (mostly Department of Transportation) general aviation airports within the city limits.[133]
- List of airports in the Municipality of Anchorage
Gente notable
- Marisa Abegg: retired soccer defender
- Tui Alailefaleula: former NFL defensive tackle
- Ely Allen: soccer player
- Casey Bailey: AHL player for the Hershey Bears
- Ronnie Baker: track and field runner
- Ramona Barnes: politician
- Tony Barnette: MLB pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
- Isadore "Ike" Bayles: prominent early businessman
- Marty Beckerman: writer
- Irene Bedard: actress
- Mark Begich: former U.S. Senator
- Olga Bell: musician
- Amado Benito Jr.: martial artist
- Bruce Botelho: politician
- Zack Bowman: NFL cornerback who is currently a free agent
- Barbara Britch: two-time Olympic cross-country skier
- Fred Brown: politician
- LaMark Brown: AFL wide receiver for the Atlantic City Blackjacks
- Alex Bryner: judge
- Seaborn Buckalew Jr.: judge
- Carmel Buckingham: lead singer of The House United
- Kira Buckland: actress
- Edith Bullock: politician
- Robert Bundtzen: dog musher
- Sue Burns: former principal owner of the San Francisco Giants
- David Carle: ice hockey coach
- Matt Carle: former NHL defenseman
- Shawn Chacón: former MLB pitcher
- Mario Chalmers: basketball player
- Valentina Chepiga: bodybuilder
- Quinn Christopherson: singer-songwriter
- Callan Chythlook-Sifsof: snowboarder
- Sharon Cissna: politician
- Jordan Clarke: track and field shot putter
- Don Clary: long-distance runner
- Tyler Collins: actor
- Stan Cornelius: country musician and lawyer
- John Cowdery: politician
- Joey Crabb: former NHL winger
- Tristan Crawford: baseball pitcher
- Chancy Croft: lawyer
- David Cuddy: politician
- Aaron Cunningham: former MLB outfielder
- Erin Dagon-Mitchell, actress and screenwriter
- Grayson Davey: sport shooter
- Mahala Ashley Dickerson: civil rights activist
- Traci Dinwiddie: actress
- Pam Dreyer: ice hockey goaltender
- Brandon Dubinsky: NHL player for the Columbus Blue Jackets
- Kate Earl: singer-songwriter
- William A. Egan: First Governor of Alaska (1970 - 1974)
- Erik Ellington: skateboarder
- Johnny Ellis: politician
- Doug Evans: martial artist
- Dana Fabe: first female associate justice of the Alaska Supreme Court
- Jan Faiks: politician
- Rosey Fletcher: snowboarder
- Sue Forbes: cross-country skier
- Walt Furnace: politician
- Bryan Gates: assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves
- Robert Gillam: founder of McKinley Capital Management
- Scott Gomez: NHL coach; former NHL player
- James Gottstein: lawyer
- Mike Gravel: politician
- Perry Green: poker player
- Charlo Greene: businesswoman and marijuana activist
- Kelsey Griffin: basketball player
- Clark Gruening: attorney
- Gene Guess: politician
- Gretchen Guess: politician
- Andrew Halcro: politician
- Rosie Hamlin: singer-songwriter
- Daniel Hardy: former NFL Tight End
- Ramon Harris: basketball player
- D'Angelo Harrison: basketball player
- Lorene Harrison: singer
- Joe L. Hayes: politician
- Barrett Heisten: former NHL forward
- Wally Hickel: industrialist, twice governor, U.S. Secretary of the Interior
- Augie Hiebert: television executive
- Caleb Holley: CFL wide receiver
- Lindsey Holmes: politician
- Jessica Jaymes: pornographic actress
- Ruth Jefford: pilot and violinist
- Acacia Johnson (born 1990), polar photographer
- Justin Johnson: ice hockey forward
- Keith Johnson: Paralympic soccer player
- Michelle Johnson: actress
- Andy Jones: high diver
- DeeDee Jonrowe: sled dog racer
- Andy Josephson: politician
- Kenny Kaos: former wrestler
- Wendell P. Kay: lawyer
- Tim Kelly: politician
- Bruce B. Kendall: politician
- Joan Arend Kickbush: artist
- Tyler Kornfield: cross-country skier
- Chris Kuper: former NFL offensive guard
- Randy Kutcher: former MLB outfielder
- Trajan Langdon: basketball player
- Michael Lardie: musician who is a member of the band Great White.
- Peter Lash: handball player
- Osia Lewis: former AFL linebacker
- Sammy Lilly: former NFL defensive back
- Karen L. Loeffler: politician
- Scott Loucks: former MLB outfielder
- Margie Mahoney: cross-country skier
- Rosie Mancari: snowboarder
- Andre Marrou: third Libertarian to be elected to a U.S. state legislature
- Gina Mazany: female MMA fighter under UFC promotion
- Steve McAlpine: lawyer
- Lane McCray: rapper
- Carl McCunn: photographer
- Lunious "Mac" McGee: founder of McGee Airways
- Lesil McGuire: politician
- Keegan Messing: figure skater
- Jake Metcalfe: attorney
- Dan Mintz: voice actor and comedian
- Tommy Moe: alpine ski racer
- James Morrison: actor
- Lauren Murphy: mixed martial artist
- Delvin Myles: former CFL player
- Buell A. Nesbett: judge
- Daishen Nix: basketball player
- Diana Olson: rower
- Jeff Overbaugh: football long snapper
- Jeff Pain: skeleton racer
- Sarah Palin: former Governor of Alaska and former Republican VP nominee
- John Paragon: actor
- Annie Parisse: actress
- Sean Parnell: politician
- Alan Paul: author and journalist
- Drue Pearce: Deputy Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
- Jordan Pearce: former ice hockey goaltender
- Josh Phelps: former MLB first basemen
- Kathryn Poland: businesswoman
- Harold Pruett: actor
- Lance Pruitt: politician
- Kikkan Randall: Olympic gold medalist (cross-country skiing)
- Sean Rash: professional bowler and 2011–12 PBA Player of the Year
- Fran Reed: artist
- Robert Campbell Reeve: founder of Reeve Aleutian Airways
- Shirley Reilly: wheelchair racer
- Libby Roderick: singer-songwriter
- Norm Rokeberg: politician
- Mark Rosen: Volleyball head coach at the University of Michigan
- Robert Rozier: former NFL defensive end and serial killer
- James Ryan: co-founder of Litmus Logic
- Jason Ryznar: former NHL winger
- Ralph Samuels: politician
- Larry Sanger: Co-Founder of Wikipedia
- Curt Schilling: former MLB pitcher
- Daniel Schlereth: baseball pitcher
- Mark Schlereth: sportscaster; former NFL guard
- James Schoppert: artist
- Jessica Schultz: curler
- Martin Sensmeier: actor
- Susan Joy Share: artist
- Marcus Shelby: bass player
- Don Simpson: actor and screenwriter
- Jamie Sinclair: curler
- Steve Smith: former NFL wide receiver
- Todd Snyder: former racing driver
- Joe Spenard: businessman
- Lynn Spencer-Galanes: cross-country skier
- Bill Spencer: cross-country skier
- Steve Staggs: former MLB second basemen
- Ryan Stassel: snowboarder
- Rachel Steer: biathlete
- Margaret Stock: former Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army Reserve
- Khleo Thomas: actor, rapper, entertainer
- Lowell Thomas Jr.: 3rd Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
- Nate Thompson: NHL center currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens
- Kristen Thorsness: rower
- Damian Vaughn: former NFL tight end
- Liz Vazquez: politician
- David Veikune: NFL defensive end
- Sydne Vogel: figure skater
- Brian Voss: professional bowler and PBA/USBC Hall of Famer
- Bill Walker: 11th Governor of Alaska
- Tim Wallace: former NHL center
- Eric Walsky: NLA right winger currently playing for HC Lugano
- Jerry Ward: politician
- Bob Wells: vandweller[134]
- Nathan West: actor, musician, singer
- Mr. Whitekeys: musician
- Bill Wielechowski: politician
- Lael Wilcox: ultra-endurance bicycle racer
- David Williams: former MLB pitcher
- Roger L. Worsley: educator; vice-chancellor University of Alaska Anchorage, 1978 to 1985
- B.J. Young: former NHL right winger
Ciudades hermanas
Anchorage has seven sister cities.[135]
- Chitose, Japan
- Darwin, Australia
- Harbin, China
- Incheon, South Korea
- Magadan, Russia
- Tromsø, Norway
- Whitby, United Kingdom
Ver también
- Anchorage Fire Department
- Anchorage by singer Michelle Shocked.
- List of aerospace museums
- List of tallest buildings in Anchorage
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska
Notas
- ^ In an average winter, the first snow happens in mid-October and begins to thaw in mid-March, but snow can sometimes be present until the end of April. The high temperature would usually drop below freezing at the beginning of November. The average first frost happens during the first half of September and the average last frost happens during the second half of May. In March 2002, a record snow storm, 26.7 inches, hit Anchorage."Temperature Records for Anchorage Alaska" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
- ^ Includes of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
- ^ Includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
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Otras lecturas
- Preston Jones. City For Empire: An Anchorage History, 1914–1941 (University of Alaska Press, 2010) 214 pages
enlaces externos
- Official website
- Anchorage at the Community Database Online from the Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs
- Maps from the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development: 2010, municipality, 2010, municipality plus Anchorage/Chugiak/Eagle River insets
- Geographic data related to Anchorage, Alaska at OpenStreetMap
- Anchorage, Alaska at Curlie