Antrim (del irlandés : Aontroim , que significa "cordillera solitaria", [ˈeːnˠt̪ˠɾˠɪmʲ] ) [4] es una ciudad y una parroquia civil en el condado de Antrim en el noreste de Irlanda del Norte , a orillas de Six Mile Water , en la costa norte Lough Neagh . Tenía una población de 23.375 personas en el censo de 2011 . [5] Es la capital del condado de Antrim y fue el centro administrativo del Ayuntamiento de Antrim . Se encuentra a 35 km al noroeste de Belfast por ferrocarril .
Antrim Escoceses : Antrìm, [1] Anthrim [2] o Entrim [3] Irlandés : Aontroim | |
---|---|
Iglesia de Irlanda y puente sobre Six Mile Water | |
Antrim Ubicación dentro de Irlanda del Norte | |
Población | 23.375 ( censo de 2011 ) |
Referencia de cuadrícula irlandesa | J1588 |
• Belfast | 19 millas (31 km) |
Distrito | |
condado | |
País | Irlanda del Norte |
Estado soberano | Reino Unido |
Ciudad de postes | ANTRIM |
Distrito de código postal | BT41 |
Código telefónico | 028 |
Policía | Irlanda del Norte |
Fuego | Irlanda del Norte |
Ambulancia | Irlanda del Norte |
Parlamento del Reino Unido | |
Ensamblaje de NI | |
Sitio web | [1] |
Historia
Según la tradición, se fundó un monasterio en Antrim en el 495 d.C., treinta años después de la muerte de San Patricio , para llevar adelante su ministerio, con un pequeño asentamiento creciendo a su alrededor. La torre redonda (ver más abajo), también conocida como "el campanario", es todo lo que queda. [6] En la Edad Media, el área era parte del territorio gaélico de Dál Araide, que cubría gran parte de lo que ahora es el condado de Antrim . [7] En el extremo oriental de la ciudad hay un fuerte anillo llamado Rathmore ( Ráth Mór , "el gran fuerte"), que fue la residencia real de los reyes de Dál Araide. [8]
En 1596, un asentamiento inglés había crecido alrededor de un vado al otro lado del río Sixmilewater. La iglesia parroquial de Todos los Santos [9] tiene una piedra de fecha de 1596 con las palabras "Gall-Antrum" talladas en ella; esto podría traducirse como "El antro del inglés / extranjero". [10] Hugh Clotworthy , padre del político angloirlandés John Clotworthy, primer vizconde de Massereene , supervisó la construcción de cuarteles militares seguros junto a la antigua motte normanda. Más tarde se convirtió en el sitio del Castillo de Antrim . Hugh fue nombrado caballero en 1617 y nombrado Alto Sheriff del condado de Antrim. [6]
Se libró una batalla cerca de Antrim entre ingleses e irlandeses durante el reinado de Eduardo III ; y en 1642 tuvo lugar un enfrentamiento naval en Lough Neagh , porque el vizconde Massereene y Ferrard (que fundó el castillo de Antrim en 1662) tenían derecho a mantener una flota de combate en el lago. [11]
La Sociedad de Irlandeses Unidos lanzó una rebelión en 1798 , que comenzó en Leinster y se extendió rápidamente a Ulster . Los Irlandeses Unidos fueron fundados en 1791 por protestantes liberales en Belfast . Su objetivo era unir a católicos y protestantes y poner fin al dominio monárquico británico sobre Irlanda y fundar una república irlandesa soberana e independiente. Aunque su membresía era principalmente católica, muchos de sus líderes y miembros en el noreste de Ulster eran presbiterianos protestantes . El 7 de junio de 1798, unos 4.000 irlandeses unidos liderados por Henry Joy McCracken atacaron la ciudad. Los rebeldes estuvieron a punto de tomar la ciudad hasta que llegaron los refuerzos británicos. Gracias a una banda rebelde liderada por James Hope , la mayoría de los irlandeses unidos pudieron retirarse de manera segura. Esto se conoce como la Batalla de Antrim .
Antes del Acta de Unión , Antrim devolvió a dos miembros al Parlamento irlandés en virtud de cartas de patente otorgadas en 1666 por Carlos II . [11]
Steeple House, una mansión sustancial del siglo XVIII que fue el hogar de la familia Clark y luego se convirtió en la sede del Ayuntamiento de Antrim, fue destruida en un incendio en julio de 2019. [12] [13]
Los problemas
Geografía
Las divisiones y los suburbios de Antrim incluyen Ballycraigy, Carnbeg, Caulside, Dublin Road, Greenvale, Greystone, Islandbawn, Meadowlands, Muckamore, Newpark, Niblock, Parkhall, Rathenraw, Riverside, Belmont Heights, Springfarm, Millhouse, Steeple, Stiles, The Folly, Townparks , Massereene.
Clima
Al igual que el resto de Irlanda, Antrim experimenta un clima marítimo con veranos frescos e inviernos suaves. La estación meteorológica oficial de Met Office más cercana de la que hay registros en línea está en Aldergrove , [14] a menos de 4 millas al sur del centro de la ciudad.
En un año típico, el día más cálido debería alcanzar una temperatura de 25,4 ° C (77,7 ° F) [15] y 2,1 días [16] deberían alcanzar una temperatura de 25,1 ° C (77,2 ° F) o más en total.
La noche más fría del año tiene un promedio de −6,6 ° C (20,1 ° F) [17] y 39 noches deben registrar una helada de aire. [18] La temperatura mínima absoluta de −14,2 ° C (6,4 ° F) se informó durante la ola de frío récord de diciembre de 2010. [19] En total durante ese mes, 10 noches cayeron a −10,0 ° C (14,0 ° F) o a continuación, y el 21 registró un máximo diurno de solo -7,7 ° C (18,1 ° F)
Climate data for Aldergrove 63m asl, 1971–2000, Extremes 1926– (Weather Station 3.8 Miles South of Antrim) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.9 (58.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 29.4 (84.9) |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) | 7.3 (45.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 9.3 (48.7) | 7.5 (45.5) | 12.5 (54.5) |
Average low °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 1.6 (34.9) | 2.6 (36.7) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.3 (43.3) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 11.1 (52.0) | 9.1 (48.4) | 6.8 (44.2) | 3.5 (38.3) | 2.3 (36.1) | 5.8 (42.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −12.8 (9.0) | −11.7 (10.9) | −12.2 (10.0) | −5.1 (22.8) | −3.3 (26.1) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.2 (36.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | −2.2 (28.0) | −4.4 (24.1) | −8.6 (16.5) | −14.2 (6.4) | −14.2 (6.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 86.9 (3.42) | 59.7 (2.35) | 68.1 (2.68) | 56.9 (2.24) | 56.3 (2.22) | 60.8 (2.39) | 66.2 (2.61) | 76.5 (3.01) | 80.1 (3.15) | 88.0 (3.46) | 79.6 (3.13) | 83.3 (3.28) | 862.4 (33.95) |
Average rainy days | 15.3 | 11.9 | 14.5 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 155.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 45.6 | 64.4 | 93.3 | 150.6 | 189.4 | 166.5 | 151.9 | 146.0 | 117.6 | 90.5 | 58.5 | 39.4 | 1,313.7 |
Source: Met Office[20] |
Demografía
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 23,375 people living in Antrim, accounting for 1.29% of the NI total,[5] representing an increase of 16.9% on the Census 2001 population of 20,001.[21] Of these:
- 21.47% were aged under 16 years and 13.33% were aged 65 and over;
- 48.72% of the usually resident population were male and 51.28% were female;
- 54.80% belong to or were brought up in a Protestant or other Christian related background and 34.12% were brought up in a Catholic background;
- 61.47% indicated that they had a British national identity, 30.76% had a Northern Irish national identity and 11.56% had an Irish national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity);
- 35 years was the average (median) age of the population.
- 8.43% had some knowledge of Ulster Scots and 5.20% had some knowledge of the Irish language.
Lugares emblemáticos
There are many buildings of historic note in the town, especially in and around High Street. The courthouse sits at the end of the street, near the Barbican Gate, the old gateway to Antrim Castle. There are also hidden gems, such as a 19th-century smithy (now a shop) on Bridge Street with a distinctive horseshoe entrance.
- Shane's Castle and Antrim Castle
- In the north of the town is one of the most perfect of the round towers of Ireland, 93 feet high and 50 feet in circumference at the base. It stands in the grounds of Steeple, where there is also the "Witches' Stone", a prehistoric monument.[11]
- There was a Castle, near the Six Mile Water, which was destroyed in a fire in 1922. All that remains is an octagonal tower.
- The river allowed the linen industry to be established. The linen industry has been replaced by a Technology Park, the only one in Northern Ireland.
- Antrim Market House is a 2–story building, nine bays long, three deep built in 1726. Formerly a Court House, it has recently been refurbished and is currently used as a tourist information centre and has a small theatre and café.
- The Castle Grounds, that is beside the Antrim Castle.
- The Springfarm Rath
Transporte
Antrim railway station was opened on 11 April 1848, and closed for goods traffic on 4 January 1965.[22] Served by passenger trains on the Belfast-Derry railway line run by Northern Ireland Railways.
Antrim's Aldergrove Airport known as Belfast International Airport is the largest airport in Northern Ireland, serving destinations in Britain, Europe and North America. However, Aldergrove does not have a proper Airport rail link connection.
Venta minorista
The Junction, formerly Junction One (named after junction 1 of the nearby M22 Motorway), is a retail park in the area with restaurants and a hotel.[citation needed] Supermarkets serving the town include an Asda store, Lidl outlet, Tesco Extra, and Iceland store.[citation needed] Castle Mall, located on High Street in the town, was formerly known as Castle Centre. It has a selection of every day shops, including the town's main Post Office.[citation needed]
Educación
Junior Schools
- Antrim Primary School
- Ballycraigy Primary School[23]
- St Comgall's Primary School[24]
- Greystone Primary
- Parkhall Primary School
- St Joseph's Primary School[25]
- Sixmile Integrated primary School
- Round Tower Primary School
High Schools and Colleges
- Antrim Grammar School
- Parkhall College
- St Benedict's College
- Greenmount Campus of the College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise (CAFRE)
Deporte
- Naomh Comhghall Clg[26]
- Antrim Hockey Club
- Antrim Forum activity centre[27]
- Chimney Corner F.C.
- Muckamore Cricket Club
Personas
- Thomas McCord (1750–1824) – businessman and politician in Lower Canada
- Andrew Hunter (1813–1902) – Methodist preacher
- Joseph Stephenson-Jellie (1874–1960) – cricketer
- Eva McGown (1883–1972) – Official Hostess of Fairbanks and Honorary Hostess of Alaska
- Joe Holmes (1906–1978) – traditional musician
- Declan Kearney (b. 1964) – Sinn Féin politician, MLA
Ver también
- List of localities in Northern Ireland by population
- Market Houses in Northern Ireland
- List of civil parishes of County Antrim
Referencias
- ^ "Ballycopelann Wun-mäll – Department of the Environment" (PDF). doeni.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ Languages/Cultural Diversity Archived 29 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Dep. of Culture, Arts and Leisure.
- ^ The Ulster-Scot, July 2011 Archived 1 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Charlie 'Tha Poocher' Rennals.
- ^ Postal Towns/Bailte Poist Archived 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Northern Ireland Place-name Project. Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Census 2011 Population Statistics for Antrim Settlement". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ a b Hanna, John (2002). Old Antrim. Catrine, Ayrshire: Stenlake Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781840331868. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
- ^ Boyd, Hugh Alexander. Irish Dalriada. The Glynns: Journal of The Glens of Antrim Historical Society. Volume 76 (1978).
- ^ Rathmore: Place Names NI
- ^ "All Saints Parish Church". Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ "gall in English". Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Antrim". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
- ^ "Watch: 18th century Antrim mansion gutted by deliberate blaze". Belfast Telegraph. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ "Steeple House Antrim fire "sad day and great loss" as historic building destroyed". Belfast Live. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ "Station Locations". MetOffice. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012.
- ^ "Annual average warmest day". Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ ">25c days". Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ ">Annual average coldest night". Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ ">Average frost incidence". Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ ">2010 minimum". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ "Aldergrove 1971–2000 averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ "Census 2001 Usually Resident Population: KS01 (Settlements) - Table view". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). p. 1. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ "Antrim" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ^ "Ballycraigy Primary School". Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ "St. Comgall's Primary School". Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ "St. Joseph's Primary School". Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ "St. Comgalls Antrim – CLG Naomh Comhghall". St. Comgalls Antrim. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ Antrim Forum website. Archived 19 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- Antrim on the Culture Northern Ireland website.
enlaces externos
- Antrim Borough Council
- Antrim Community Website