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Para obtener la plantilla de licencia BSD para usar en Wikipedia, consulte Plantilla: BSD .

Las licencias BSD son una familia de licencias de software libre permisivas , que imponen restricciones mínimas sobre el uso y distribución del software cubierto. Esto contrasta con las licencias copyleft , que tienen requisitos de compartir . La licencia BSD original se usó para su homónimo, Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), un sistema operativo similar a Unix . Desde entonces, la versión original ha sido revisada y sus descendientes se conocen como licencias BSD modificadas.

BSD es tanto una licencia como una clase de licencia (generalmente denominada similar a BSD). La licencia BSD modificada (de uso generalizado en la actualidad) es muy similar a la licencia utilizada originalmente para la versión BSD de Unix. La licencia BSD es una licencia simple que simplemente requiere que todo el código conserve el aviso de licencia BSD si se redistribuye en formato de código fuente, o que reproduzca el aviso si se redistribuye en formato binario. La licencia BSD (a diferencia de otras licencias, por ejemplo, GPL ) no requiere que el código fuente se distribuya en absoluto.

Condiciones [ editar ]

Además de la licencia original (4 cláusulas) utilizada para BSD, han surgido varias licencias derivadas que también se conocen comúnmente como una "licencia BSD". Hoy en día, la licencia BSD típica es la versión de 3 cláusulas, que se revisa a partir de la versión original de 4 cláusulas.

En todas las licencias BSD como sigue, <year>es el año de los derechos de autor. Según lo publicado en BSD, <copyright holder>es "Regentes de la Universidad de California".

Licencia anterior [ editar ]

Licencia BSD previa
AutorRegentes de la Universidad de California
EditorDominio publico
Publicado1988
Identificador SPDXBSD-2-Cláusula-Libre BSD, BSD-2-Cláusula-NetBSD, BSD-3-Cláusula-Atribución, BSD-3-Cláusula-Claro, BSD-4-Cláusula-UC, BSD-Protección, BSD-3-Cláusula- LBNL, BSD-3-Clause-No-Nuclear-License, BSD-3-Clause-No-Nuclear-License-2014, BSD-3-Clause-No-Nuclear-Warranty, BSD-3-Clause-Open-MPI
Compatible con Debian FSGsí
Aprobado por OSINo
Compatible con GPLNo
CopyleftNo
Vinculación desde código con una licencia diferentesí

Algunas versiones de BSD antes de la adopción de la licencia BSD de 4 cláusulas usaban una licencia que es claramente ancestral a la licencia BSD de 4 cláusulas. Estas versiones incluyen 4.3BSD-Tahoe (1988) y Net / 1 (1989). Aunque reemplazada en gran parte por la licencia de 4 cláusulas, esta licencia se puede encontrar en 4.3BSD-Reno, Net / 2 y 4.4BSD-Alpha.

Copyright (c) <año> <titular de los derechos de autor>. Reservados todos los derechos.

La redistribución y el uso en formato fuente y binario están permitidos siempre que el aviso de derechos de autor anterior y este párrafo estén duplicados en todos esos formularios y que cualquier documentación, material publicitario y otros materiales relacionados con dicha distribución y uso reconozcan que el software fue desarrollado por el <titular de los derechos de autor>. El nombre del <titular de los derechos de autor> no se puede utilizar para respaldar o promocionar productos derivados de este software sin un permiso previo específico por escrito.

ESTE SOFTWARE SE PROPORCIONA `` TAL CUAL Y SIN NINGUNA GARANTÍA EXPRESA O IMPLÍCITA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITACIÓN, LAS GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS DE COMERCIABILIDAD E IDONEIDAD PARA UN PROPÓSITO PARTICULAR. [ cita requerida ]

Licencia de 4 cláusulas ("Licencia BSD original") [ editar ]

Licencia BSD
AutorRegentes de la Universidad de California
EditorDominio publico
Publicado1990
Identificador SPDXBSD-4-Cláusula
Compatible con Debian FSGSí [1]
Aprobado por la FSFSí [2]
Aprobado por OSINo [3]
Compatible con GPLNo [2]
CopyleftNo [2]
Vinculación desde código con una licencia diferentesí

La licencia BSD original contenía una cláusula que no se encuentra en licencias posteriores, conocida como la "cláusula de publicidad". Esta cláusula eventualmente se volvió controvertida, ya que requería que los autores de todos los trabajos derivados de un trabajo con licencia BSD incluyan un reconocimiento de la fuente original en todo el material publicitario. Esta fue la cláusula número 3 en el texto original de la licencia: [4]

Copyright (c) <año>, <titular de los derechos de autor> Todos los derechos reservados.

Se permite la redistribución y el uso en formato fuente y binario, con o sin modificaciones, siempre que se cumplan las siguientes condiciones:

  1. Las redistribuciones del código fuente deben conservar el aviso de derechos de autor anterior, esta lista de condiciones y el siguiente descargo de responsabilidad.
  2. Las redistribuciones en formato binario deben reproducir el aviso de derechos de autor anterior, esta lista de condiciones y el siguiente descargo de responsabilidad en la documentación y / u otros materiales proporcionados con la distribución.
  3. Todos los materiales publicitarios que mencionan funciones o el uso de este software deben mostrar el siguiente reconocimiento: Este producto incluye software desarrollado por el <propietario de los derechos de autor>.
  4. Ni el nombre del <titular de los derechos de autor> ni los nombres de sus colaboradores pueden utilizarse para respaldar o promocionar productos derivados de este software sin un permiso previo específico por escrito.

ESTE SOFTWARE ES PROPORCIONADO POR <TITULAR DE LOS DERECHOS DE AUTOR> TAL CUAL Y CUALQUIER GARANTÍA EXPRESA O IMPLÍCITA, INCLUYENDO, PERO NO LIMITADO A, LAS GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS DE COMERCIABILIDAD E IDONEIDAD PARA UN PROPÓSITO PARTICULAR NO SE RESPONSABILIZA. EN NINGÚN CASO EL <TITULAR DE LOS DERECHOS DE AUTOR> SERÁ RESPONSABLE DE NINGÚN DAÑO DIRECTO, INDIRECTO, INCIDENTAL, ESPECIAL, EJEMPLAR O CONSECUENTE (INCLUYENDO, PERO NO LIMITADO A, LA ADQUISICIÓN DE BIENES O SERVICIOS SUSTITUTOS; PÉRDIDA DE USO, DATOS O BENEFICIOS; O INTERRUPCIÓN COMERCIAL) SIN EMBARGO Y SOBRE CUALQUIER TEORÍA DE RESPONSABILIDAD, YA SEA POR CONTRATO, RESPONSABILIDAD ESTRICTA O AGRAVIO (INCLUYENDO NEGLIGENCIA O DE OTRA MANERA) QUE SURJA DE CUALQUIER FORMA DEL USO DE ESTE SOFTWARE, AUNQUE SE INDIQUE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHO DAÑO.

[4]

Esta cláusula fue objeto de objeciones sobre la base de que a medida que las personas cambiaban la licencia para reflejar su nombre u organización, los requisitos publicitarios aumentaban cuando los programas se combinaban en una distribución de software: cada aparición de la licencia con un nombre diferente requería un reconocimiento por separado. Al argumentar en contra, Richard Stallman ha declarado que contó 75 de esos reconocimientos en una versión de 1997 de NetBSD . [5] Además, la cláusula presenta un problema legal para aquellos que desean publicar software con licencia BSD que se basa en programas separados que utilizan la GNU GPL : la cláusula de publicidad es incompatiblecon la GPL, que no permite la adición de restricciones más allá de las que ya impone; Debido a esto, el editor de la GPL, la Free Software Foundation , recomienda a los desarrolladores que no usen la licencia, aunque afirma que no hay razón para no usar software que ya la esté usando. [2]

Hoy en día, esta licencia original ahora a veces se llama " BSD-antigua " o " BSD de 4 cláusulas ". [ cita requerida ]

Licencia de 3 cláusulas ("Licencia BSD 2.0", "Licencia BSD revisada", "Licencia BSD nueva" o "Licencia BSD modificada") [ editar ]

Ver también: Licencia de código abierto de la Universidad de Illinois / NCSA
Nueva licencia BSD
AutorRegents of the University of California
PublisherPublic Domain
Published22 July 1999[4]
SPDX identifierBSD-3-Clause
Debian FSG compatibleYes[1]
FSF approvedYes[6]
OSI approvedYes[3]
GPL compatibleYes[6]
CopyleftNo[6]
Linking from code with a different licenceYes

The advertising clause was removed from the license text in the official BSD on 22 July 1999 by William Hoskins, Director of the Office of Technology Licensing for UC Berkeley.[4][7] Other BSD distributions removed the clause, but many similar clauses remain in BSD-derived code from other sources, and unrelated code using a derived license.

While the original license is sometimes referred to as the "BSD-old", the resulting 3-clause version is sometimes referred to by "BSD-new." Other names include "New BSD", "revised BSD", "BSD-3", or "3-clause BSD". This version has been vetted as an Open source license by the OSI as "The BSD License".[3] The Free Software Foundation, which refers to the license as the "Modified BSD License", states that it is compatible with the GNU GPL. The FSF encourages users to be specific when referring to the license by name (i.e. not simply referring to it as "a BSD license" or "BSD-style") to avoid confusion with the original BSD license.[6]

This version allows unlimited redistribution for any purpose as long as its copyright notices and the license's disclaimers of warranty are maintained. The license also contains a clause restricting use of the names of contributors for endorsement of a derived work without specific permission.

Copyright (c) <year>, <copyright holder> All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the name of the <copyright holder> nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.[6]

2-clause license ("Simplified BSD License" or "FreeBSD License")[edit]

"FreeBSD License" redirects here. For documentation, see FreeBSD Documentation License.
See also: ISC license and MIT License
FreeBSD License
AuthorThe FreeBSD Project
PublisherThe FreeBSD Project
PublishedApril 1999 or earlier
SPDX identifierBSD-2-Clause
Debian FSG compatibleYes
FSF approvedYes[8]
OSI approvedYes[3]
GPL compatibleYes[8]
CopyleftNo[8]
Linking from code with a different licenceYes

An even more simplified version has come into use, primarily known for its usage in FreeBSD.[9] It was in use there as early as April 29, 1999 [10] and likely well before. The primary difference between it and the New BSD (3-clause) License is that it omits the non-endorsement clause. The FreeBSD version of the license also adds a further disclaimer about views and opinions expressed in the software,[11] though this is not commonly included by other projects.

The Free Software Foundation, which refers to the license as the FreeBSD License, states that it is compatible with the GNU GPL. In addition, the FSF encourages users to be specific when referring to the license by name (i.e. not simply referring to it as "a BSD license" or "BSD-style"), as it does with the modified/new BSD license, to avoid confusion with the original BSD license.[8]

Copyright (c) <year>, <copyright holder> Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.[9]

Other projects, such as NetBSD, use a similar 2-clause license.[12] This version has been vetted as an Open source license by the OSI as the "Simplified BSD License."[3]

The ISC license is functionally equivalent, and endorsed by the OpenBSD project as a license template for new contributions.[13]

0-clause license ("BSD Zero Clause License")[edit]

BSD Zero Clause License
AuthorRob Landley
Published2006
SPDX identifier0BSD
Debian FSG compatibleYes
FSF approved?
OSI approvedYes[14]
GPL compatibleYes
CopyleftNo
Linking from code with a different licenceYes

The BSD 0-clause license (SPDX: 0BSD) goes further than the 2-clause license by dropping the requirements to include the copyright notice, license text, or disclaimer in either source or binary forms. Doing so forms a public-domain-equivalent license.[15][16] "Zero-Clause BSD",[17] or "Free Public License 1.0.0"[17]) It was first used by Rob Landley in Toybox.

Copyright (C) [year] by [copyright holder] <[email]>

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.[17]

Other variations[edit]

The SPDX database contains a few extra BSD license variations. Examples include:[18]

  • BSD-1-Clause, a license with only the source code retaining clause.
  • BSD-2-Clause-Patent, a variation of BSD-2-Clause with a patent grant.
  • BSD-3-Clause-No-Nuclear-Warranty, a variation of BSD-3-Clause that adds a disclaimer that a piece of software is not designed for use in a nuclear facility.

License compatibility[edit]

Main article: License compatibility

Commercial license compatibility[edit]

The FreeBSD project argues on the advantages of BSD-style licenses for companies and commercial use-cases due to their license compatibility with proprietary licenses and general flexibility, stating that the BSD-style licenses place only "minimal restrictions on future behavior" and aren't "legal time-bombs", unlike copyleft licenses.[19] The BSD License allows proprietary use and allows the software released under the license to be incorporated into proprietary products. Works based on the material may be released under a proprietary license as closed source software, allowing usual commercial usages under them.

FOSS compatibility[edit]

The 3-clause BSD license, like most permissive licenses, is compatible with almost all FOSS licenses (and as well proprietary licenses).[20][21]

Two variants of the license, the New BSD License/Modified BSD License (3-clause),[6] and the Simplified BSD License/FreeBSD License (2-clause)[8] have been verified as GPL-compatible free software licenses by the Free Software Foundation, and have been vetted as open source licenses by the Open Source Initiative.[3] The original, 4-clause BSD license has not been accepted as an open source license and, although the original is considered to be a free software license by the FSF, the FSF does not consider it to be compatible with the GPL due to the advertising clause.[2]

Reception and usage[edit]

Over the years I’ve become convinced that the BSD license is great for code you don’t care about. I’ll use it myself.

-- Linus Torvalds at LinuxCon 2016[22]

The BSD license family is one of the oldest and most broadly used license families in the FOSS ecosystem. Also, many new licenses were derived or inspired by the BSD licenses. Many FOSS software projects use a BSD license, for instance the BSD OS family (FreeBSD etc.), Google's Bionic or Toybox. As of 2015 the BSD 3-clause license ranked in popularity number five according to Black Duck Software[23] and sixth according to GitHub data.[24]

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
  • Software using the BSD license (category)

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "License information". Debian. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Original BSD license". Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "The BSD License:Licensing". Open Source Initiative. Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d "To All Licensees, Distributors of Any Version of BSD". University of California, Berkeley. 22 July 1999. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  5. ^ Richard Stallman. "The BSD License Problem". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 November 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Modified BSD license". Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  7. ^ Comparing the BSD and GPL Licenses on Technology Innovation Management Review by Bruce Montague (on October 2007)
  8. ^ a b c d e "FreeBSD license". Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  9. ^ a b "The FreeBSD Copyright". The FreeBSD Project. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
  10. ^ "The FreeBSD Copyright (as available at archive.org)". The FreeBSD Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 April 1999. Retrieved 7 January 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ^ "The FreeBSD Copyright". www.freebsd.org. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  12. ^ "NetBSD Licensing and Redistribution". The NetBSD Foundation. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
  13. ^ "OpenBSD Copyright Policy". Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  14. ^ "[License-review] Please rename "Free Public License-1.0.0" to 0BSD". Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  15. ^ "BSD 0-Clause License (0BSD) Explained in Plain English". Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  16. ^ "BSD Zero Clause License". Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  17. ^ a b c "Zero-Clause BSD / Free Public License 1.0.0 (0BSD)". Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  18. ^ "SPDX License List". Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX).
  19. ^ Montague, Bruce (13 November 2013). "Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project - GPL Advantages and Disadvantages". FreeBSD. Retrieved 28 November 2015. In contrast to the GPL, which is designed to prevent the proprietary commercialization of Open Source code, the BSD license places minimal restrictions on future behavior. This allows BSD code to remain Open Source or become integrated into commercial solutions, as a project's or company's needs change. In other words, the BSD license does not become a legal time-bomb at any point in the development process. In addition, since the BSD license does not come with the legal complexity of the GPL or LGPL licenses, it allows developers and companies to spend their time creating and promoting good code rather than worrying if that code violates licensing.
  20. ^ Hanwell, Marcus D. (28 January 2014). "Should I use a permissive license? Copyleft? Or something in the middle?". opensource.com. Retrieved 30 May 2015. Permissive licensing simplifies things One reason the business world, and more and more developers [...], favor permissive licenses is in the simplicity of reuse. The license usually only pertains to the source code that is licensed and makes no attempt to infer any conditions upon any other component, and because of this there is no need to define what constitutes a derived work. I have also never seen a license compatibility chart for permissive licenses; it seems that they are all compatible.
  21. ^ "Licence Compatibility and Interoperability". Open-Source Software - Develop, share, and reuse open source software for public administrations. joinup.ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015. The licences for distributing free or open source software (FOSS) are divided in two families: permissive and copyleft. Permissive licences (BSD, MIT, X11, Apache, Zope) are generally compatible and interoperable with most other licences, tolerating to merge, combine or improve the covered code and to re-distribute it under many licences (including non-free or “proprietary”).
  22. ^ Torvalds at LinuxCon Part III: Permissive Licenses and Org Charts FOSS Force, 2016
  23. ^ "Top 20 licenses". Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2015. 1. MIT license 24%, 2. GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 23%, 3. Apache License 16%, 4. GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 9%, 5. BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised) License 6%, 6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 5%, 7. Artistic License (Perl) 4%, 8. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 3.0 2%, 9. Microsoft Public License 2%, 10. Eclipse Public License (EPL) 2%
  24. ^ Balter, Ben (9 March 2015). "Open source license usage on GitHub.com". github.com. Retrieved 21 November 2015. "1 MIT 44.69%, 2 Other 15.68%, 3 GPLv2 12.96%, 4 Apache 11.19%, 5 GPLv3 8.88%, 6 BSD 3-clause 4.53%, 7 Unlicense 1.87%, 8 BSD 2-clause 1.70%, 9 LGPLv3 1.30%, 10 AGPLv3 1.05%

External links[edit]

  • Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable, Marshall Kirk McKusick, in: Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, O'Reilly 1999
  • The Amazing Disappearing BSD License
  • BSD License Definition – by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)