Boise ( / b ɔɪ s i / ( escuchar ) [4] ) es la capital de y más poblada ciudad del estado norteamericano de Idaho y es el asiento de condado del condado de Ada . En el río Boise en el suroeste de Idaho , se encuentra a 41 millas (66 km) al este de la frontera de Oregón y 110 millas (177 km) al norte de la frontera de Nevada . La elevación del centro de la ciudad es de 2,704 pies (824 m) sobre el nivel del mar.. Su población estimada en 2020 era 240,380. [5]
Boise, Idaho | |
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En el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde arriba: Idaho State Capitol , Eighth & Main , Jack's Urban Meeting Place, un partido de fútbol en el Albertsons Stadium , Clearwater Analytics , US Bank Plaza | |
Bandera Sello | |
Apodo (s): La ciudad de los árboles | |
Lema (s): Éxito del peligro energético | |
Ubicación dentro del condado de Ada en Idaho | |
Boise Idaho Ubicación dentro de los Estados Unidos | |
Coordenadas: 43 ° 36′57 ″ N 116 ° 12′6 ″ W / 43.61583 ° N 116.20167 ° WCoordenadas : 43 ° 36′57 ″ N 116 ° 12′6 ″ O / 43.61583 ° N 116.20167 ° W | |
País | Estados Unidos |
Expresar | Idaho |
condado | Ada |
Fundado | 1863 |
Incorporado | 1864 |
Gobierno | |
• Tipo | Alcalde fuerte |
• Cuerpo | Ayuntamiento de Boise |
• Alcalde | Lauren McLean ( D ) |
• Presidente del Consejo | Elaine Clegg |
Área [1] | |
• Ciudad capital del estado | 85,00 millas cuadradas (219,45 km 2 ) |
• Tierra | 216,96 km 2 (84,03 millas cuadradas ) |
• Agua | 0,97 millas cuadradas (2,49 km 2 ) |
Elevación | 2,730 pies (830 m) |
Población ( 2010 ) [2] | |
• Ciudad capital del estado | 205,671 |
• Estimación (2020) [3] | 240,380 |
• Rango | Estados Unidos: 99 |
• Densidad | 2.860,54 / mi2 (1.055,28 / km 2 ) |
• Urbano | 349,684 (Estados Unidos: 108 ) |
• Metro | 749,202 (Estados Unidos: 78 ° ) |
• Demonym | Boiseano |
Zona horaria | UTC-7 ( MST ) |
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC-6 ( MDT ) |
códigos ZIP | 83701–83799 |
Código (s) de área | 208, 986 |
Código FIPS | 16-08830 |
ID de función GNIS | 400590 |
Sitio web | www .cityofboise .org |
El área metropolitana de Boise-Nampa , también conocida como Treasure Valley, incluye cinco condados con una población combinada de 749,202, el área metropolitana más poblada de Idaho. Contiene las tres ciudades más grandes del estado: Boise, Nampa y Meridian . Boise es la 80ª área estadística metropolitana más poblada de los Estados Unidos.
El centro de Boise es el centro cultural y el hogar de muchas pequeñas empresas y algunos edificios de mediana altura. El área tiene una variedad de tiendas y opciones para comer. En el centro, 8th Street contiene una zona peatonal con cafés y restaurantes en las aceras. El vecindario tiene muchos restaurantes, bares y boutiques locales y es compatible con una vibrante vida nocturna. El área contiene el Bloque Vasco, que muestra la herencia vasca de Boise. Las principales atracciones del centro de Boise incluyen el Capitolio del Estado de Idaho , el clásico Teatro Egipcio en la esquina de Capitol Boulevard y Main Street, el Museo de Arte de Boise en Capitol frente al Parque Julia Davis y el Zoológico de Boise en los terrenos del Parque Julia Davis.
Historia
Etimología
Las cuentas difieren en cuanto al origen del nombre. Una cuenta acredita al Capitán BLE Bonneville del Ejército de los EE. UU. Como su fuente. Después de caminar durante semanas a través de un terreno seco y accidentado , su grupo de exploración llegó a un mirador con vista al valle del río Boise . El lugar donde se pararon se llama Bonneville Point, ubicado en Oregon Trail al este de la ciudad. Según la historia, un guía de habla francesa , abrumado por la vista del río verde, gritó "¡ Les bois! Les bois! " ("¡Los bosques! ¡Los bosques!") - y el nombre se quedó.
El nombre también puede derivar de los primeros hombres de las montañas que nombraron el río que lo atraviesa. En la década de 1820, los tramperos canadienses franceses colocaron líneas de trampa en los alrededores. Ubicado en una zona de alto desierto, el valle bordeado de árboles del río Boise se convirtió en un hito distintivo, un oasis dominado por álamos . A esto lo llamaron "La rivière boisée", que significa "el río boscoso". [6]
Pronunciación
La mayoría de los residentes nativos y veteranos utilizan la pronunciación / ˈbɔɪsiː / (BOY-see), [7] como se indica en el sitio web de la ciudad. [4] La pronunciación se usa a veces como shibboleth , ya que los forasteros (y los recién llegados) tienden a pronunciar el nombre de la ciudad como / ˈbɔɪziː / (BOY-zee). [8]
Establecimiento y primeros años
Antes de la llegada de los colonos europeos a mediados del siglo XIX, el valle de Boise estuvo habitado por los pueblos indígenas Shoshone y Bannock durante miles de años. Según el informe "Historia de Boise" de la ciudad de Boise, "se reunían anualmente en el valle para participar en encuentros comerciales con otras tribus y pescar salmones en las corrientes del río Boise para ayudar a mantenerlos durante todo el año. Pasaron los inviernos en el valle donde el clima era más suave y visitó las aguas termales para bañarse y curarse. Castle Rock, llamado Eagle Rock por las tribus, era y sigue siendo un sitio sagrado ". [9]
El área fue llamada Boise mucho antes del establecimiento de Fort Boise por el gobierno federal . El Fort Boise original estaba a 64 km al oeste, cerca de Parma , río abajo por el río Boise, cerca de su confluencia con el río Snake en la frontera con Oregón . Esta defensa del sector privado fue erigida por la Compañía de la Bahía de Hudson en la década de 1830. Fue abandonado en la década de 1850, pero las masacres a lo largo del Oregon Trail llevaron al ejército de los EE. UU. A restablecer un fuerte en el área en 1863 durante la Guerra Civil de los EE . UU .
La nueva ubicación fue seleccionada porque estaba cerca de la intersección de Oregon Trail con una carretera principal que conecta las áreas mineras Boise Basin ( Idaho City ) y Owyhee ( Silver City ) , ambas en auge. A mediados de la década de 1860, Idaho City era la ciudad más grande del noroeste y, como área de preparación, Fort Boise creció rápidamente; Boise se incorporó como ciudad en 1863. La primera capital del Territorio de Idaho fue Lewiston en el centro norte de Idaho , que en 1863 era la comunidad más grande, superando las poblaciones de Olympia y Seattle, Territorio de Washington y Portland, Oregon combinados. El territorio original era más grande que Texas . Pero después de la creación del Territorio de Montana , Boise se convirtió en la capital territorial de un Idaho muy reducido en una decisión controvertida que anuló un fallo de un tribunal de distrito por mayoría de un voto en la corte suprema territorial a lo largo de líneas geográficas en 1866. [ cita requerida ]
Diseñada por Alfred B. Mullett , la Oficina de Ensayos de EE. UU. En 210 Main Street fue construida en 1871 y hoy es un Monumento Histórico Nacional . [10]
Geografía
Boise se encuentra en el suroeste de Idaho , a unas 41 millas (66 km) al este de la frontera de Oregon y 110 millas (177 km) al norte de la frontera de Nevada . La elevación del centro de la ciudad es de 2,704 pies (824 m) sobre el nivel del mar .
La mayor parte del área metropolitana se encuentra en una llanura amplia y plana que desciende hacia el oeste. Las montañas se elevan hacia el noreste, extendiéndose desde el extremo sureste de los límites de la ciudad de Boise hasta la cercana Eagle . Estas montañas son conocidas por los lugareños como las estribaciones de Boise y a veces se describen como las estribaciones de las Montañas Rocosas . Unas 34 millas (55 km) al suroeste de Boise, y unas 26 millas (42 km) al suroeste de Nampa , las montañas Owyhee se encuentran completamente en el vecino condado de Owyhee .
Según la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos , la ciudad tiene un área de 207,33 km 2 (80,05 millas cuadradas ), de las cuales 205,54 km 2 (79,36 millas cuadradas ) son tierra y 1,79 km 2 (0,69 millas cuadradas ) son agua. [11] La ciudad está drenada por el río Boise y se considera parte del Valle del Tesoro .
Barrios y áreas
Boise ocupa un área de 170 km 2 , según la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos . Los vecindarios de Boise incluyen Bench, North End, West Boise y Downtown. En enero de 2014, el Departamento de Policía de Boise (BPD) se asoció con la folksonomic barrio blogs sitio Nextdoor , la primera ciudad en el noroeste de la ciudad y 137º en los EE.UU. para hacerlo. [12] Desde que la aplicación, que permite a los departamentos de policía, bomberos y parques de la ciudad publicar en áreas altamente localizadas y autoseleccionadas, estuvo disponible por primera vez en octubre de 2011, [13] se han unido 101 vecindarios y secciones de vecindarios. [14]
Centro de Boise
El centro de Boise es el centro cultural de Boise y el hogar de muchas pequeñas empresas y algunos edificios de mediana altura. Si bien el centro de Boise carece de un enfoque minorista / gastronómico importante como Seattle y Portland, el área tiene una variedad de tiendas y una creciente opción de opciones gastronómicas. En el centro, 8th Street contiene una zona peatonal con cafés y restaurantes en las aceras. El vecindario tiene muchos restaurantes, bares y boutiques locales y es compatible con una vibrante vida nocturna. El área contiene el Bloque Vasco, que brinda a los visitantes la oportunidad de aprender y disfrutar de la herencia vasca de Boise. Las principales atracciones del centro de Boise incluyen el Capitolio del estado de Idaho , el clásico Teatro Egipcio en la esquina de Capitol Boulevard y Main Street, el Museo de Arte de Boise [15] en Capitol frente al Parque Julia Davis y el Zoológico de Boise en los terrenos del Parque Julia Davis . [dieciséis]
La economía de Boise se vio amenazada a fines de la década de 1990 por el desarrollo comercial en lugares alejados del centro de la ciudad, como Boise Towne Square Mall y en centros comerciales cerca de nuevos desarrollos de viviendas. [17]
Los eventos culturales en el centro de Boise incluyen Alive after Five [18] y First Thursday. [19]
Universidad Estatal de Boise
Al sur del centro de Boise se encuentra la Universidad Estatal de Boise y sus alrededores. El área está dominada por vecindarios residenciales y negocios que atienden a la población estudiantil. El campo de juego azul único en el Albertsons Stadium de 37,000 asientos en el campus de BSU, sede del equipo de fútbol Boise State Broncos , es un hito importante de la ciudad. El campus también alberga la Galería y Estudio Benjamin Victor. [20] Otros centros culturales y deportivos en el área incluyen el Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts y ExtraMile Arena . Broadway Avenue al este y al sur del campus de BSU cuenta con muchos bares y restaurantes de temática universitaria.
El extremo norte
El North End, generalmente definido como la parte de Boise al norte de State Street, contiene muchas de las casas más antiguas de la ciudad. [21] Es conocido por sus paseos arbolados como Harrison Boulevard, y por sus vecindarios tranquilos cerca del centro de la ciudad. El centro de Boise es visible desde Camel's Back Park . [22] En 13th Street, Hyde Park [23] alberga restaurantes y otros negocios. El North End también alberga eventos como la feria anual de Hyde Park Street. En 2008, la Asociación Estadounidense de Planificación designó al North End de Boise como uno de los 10 grandes vecindarios. [24]
Tierras Altas de Boise
Boise Highlands está justo al norte del North End. Su ubicación se define generalmente como al norte de Hill Road y al este de Bogus Basin Road. Su vecindario está principalmente lleno de casas construidas en la década de 1970, así como un campo de golf / club de campo conocido como Crane Creek.
Suroeste de Boise
Southwest Boise contiene vecindarios escasamente poblados construidos desde la década de 1960 hasta principios de la de 1980. Muchos incluyen parcelas del tamaño de un acre y, ocasionalmente, granjas y pastos. En la década de 1980, el crecimiento de la zona se detuvo para evitar la expansión urbana . Desde que esto se levantó, ha habido un crecimiento generalizado de nuevas viviendas y vecindarios. El área se encuentra cerca de la Interestatal 84, teatros, tiendas, el aeropuerto, golf y el área de Boise Bench.
Noroeste de Boise
Northwest Boise se encuentra frente a Boise Foothills al norte, State Street al sur, la ciudad de Eagle al oeste y el centro de Boise al este. Contiene una mezcla de barrios antiguos y nuevos, incluido Lakeharbor, que cuenta con el Silver Lake privado, una cantera recuperada. Northwest Boise tiene algunos bolsillos de casas antiguas con una estética similar a North End. El centro está a minutos de distancia, al igual que Veteran's Memorial Park [22] y fácil acceso al Boise Greenbelt . Al otro lado del río se encuentra Boise Bench y al oeste están las comunidades de dormitorios de Eagle, Star y Middleton.
Warm Springs y East End
Warm Springs se centra en la avenida Warm Springs, bordeada de árboles, y contiene algunas de las casas más grandes y caras de Boise (muchas de las cuales fueron erigidas por mineros y empresarios adinerados a principios del siglo XX; los estilos victorianos ocupan un lugar destacado). El área recibe su nombre de las aguas termales naturales que fluyen desde la falla de Boise y calientan muchas de las casas de la zona. El centro de natación público Natotorium está aquí.
East Boise y Harris Ranch
El extremo oriental de Warm Springs se conoció una vez como Barber Town, con un hotel con aguas termales ubicado en las colinas. Ahora tiene algunos desarrollos residenciales nuevos, con fácil acceso a la autopista 21, que conduce a las montañas del centro-sur de Idaho, el río Boise, Boise Foothills, el Departamento de Parques y Recreación de Idaho y el Festival Shakespeare de Idaho.
Sureste de Boise
El sureste de Boise se extiende desde la Universidad Estatal de Boise hasta Micron Technology, todas las áreas entre Federal Way y el río Boise. El área más antigua al sur de la universidad se puede describir como un cruce entre el North End y el banco de Boise. El resto del sureste de Boise se desarrolló en los últimos treinta años con casas de estilo suburbano.
La subdivisión de Columbia Village y la antigua Oregon Trail Heights fueron las primeras comunidades planificadas importantes en el sureste de Boise con una escuela primaria y secundaria, todas a poca distancia de todos los hogares. La subdivisión se encuentra en las intersecciones de la Interestatal 84, Idaho 21 y Federal Way (antigua autopista de los EE. UU.), Que son las principales arterias para llegar a cualquier parte de Boise. La subdivisión, un complejo de béisbol y piscinas se desarrollaron alrededor del complejo Simplot Sports. Los campos están construidos sobre un antiguo vertedero y vertedero, y los campos y el estacionamiento de grava permiten que los gases de radón escapen a través del suelo. La comunidad planificada más reciente es Bown Crossing de 35 acres, que tiene fácil acceso a Boise Greenbelt . [27]
El 25 de agosto de 2008, aproximadamente a las 7:00 pm, se inició un incendio cerca de Amity y Holcomb durante una gran tormenta de viento. Destruyó diez casas y dañó nueve. Una persona murió en el incendio. [28]
Banco Boise
The Bench, generalmente delimitado por Federal Way al este, Cole Road al oeste y Garden City al norte, se encuentra en una elevación aproximadamente 60 pies (18 m) más alta que el centro de Boise al noreste. Orchard Street es una de las principales avenidas de norte a sur del vecindario. El banco se llama así debido a esta subida repentina, dando la apariencia de un escalón o banco. El banco (o bancos, hay tres bancos reales en el valle de Boise) se creó como una antigua línea de costa para el antiguo canal del río. The Bench es el hogar de Boise Union Pacific Depot . Al igual que el North End, Bench tiene áreas residenciales más antiguas, como los vecindarios Central Rim, Morris Hill y Depot Bench. Al sur de Bench se encuentra el aeropuerto de Boise . [29]
West Boise
West Boise es el hogar de Boise Towne Square Mall, el más grande del estado, así como de muchos restaurantes, centros comerciales y desarrollos residenciales que van desde nuevas subdivisiones hasta complejos de apartamentos. La cárcel del condado de Ada y la división de impresión de Hewlett Packard también están aquí. Es relativamente la sección más plana de Boise, con vistas panorámicas del frente de Boise. West Boise también limita con la ciudad de Meridian .
Paisaje urbano
Clima
Boise, Idaho | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Carta climática ( explicación ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Boise tiene un clima continental semiárido ( clasificación climática de Köppen BSk ), con cuatro estaciones distintas . Boise experimenta veranos calurosos y secos con temperaturas máximas que alcanzan los 100 ° F (38 ° C) ocho días en un año típico y los 90 ° F (32 ° C) en 51 días. [30] Sin embargo, debido a la aridez, la variación de temperatura diurna promedio excede los 30 ° F (17 ° C) en verano. Los inviernos son moderadamente fríos, con un promedio de diciembre de 30,7 ° F (−0,7 ° C) y mínimos que caen a 0 ° F (−18 ° C) o menos en alrededor de tres noches al año. [30] Las nevadas tienen un promedio de 48 cm (19 pulgadas), pero por lo general caen en episodios de 8 cm (3 pulgadas) o menos. [31] La primavera y el otoño son suaves. El otoño es breve; la primavera es gradual. Los extremos han oscilado entre -28 ° F (-33 ° C) el 16 de enero de 1888 y 111 ° F (44 ° C) el 19 de julio de 1960; [30] Las temperaturas alcanzaron −25 ° F (−32 ° C) y 110 ° F (43 ° C) tan recientemente como el 22 de diciembre de 1990 y el 10 de agosto de 2018, respectivamente. Las precipitaciones suelen ser poco frecuentes y ligeras, especialmente durante los meses de verano. Tiene un promedio de aproximadamente 12 pulgadas (30 cm) al año.
Los tornados son raros en el condado de Ada y el área de Boise. Desde 1950, solo se han documentado doce tornados dentro del condado, y cuatro de ellos ocurrieron durante la misma tormenta el 3 de agosto de 2000, que es también la fecha más reciente en la que se documentó un tornado en el área. Ninguno de los tornados ha sido clasificado por encima de un F1 en la escala de Fujita , y nunca se documentaron heridos ni muertes. [32]
Datos climáticos del aeropuerto de Boise , Idaho (normales de 1981 a 2010, [a] extremos de 1875 al presente) [b] | |||||||||||||
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Mes | ene | feb | mar | abr | Mayo | jun | jul | ago | sep | oct | nov | dic | Año |
Registro alto ° F (° C) | 63 (17) | 71 (22) | 82 (28) | 92 (33) | 100 (38) | 110 (43) | 111 (44) | 110 (43) | 102 (39) | 94 (34) | 78 (26) | 70 (21) | 111 (44) |
Máximo medio ° F (° C) | 51,5 (10,8) | 58,8 (14,9) | 69,7 (20,9) | 80,7 (27,1) | 90,2 (32,3) | 98,6 (37,0) | 103,7 (39,8) | 101,7 (38,7) | 94,9 (34,9) | 83,6 (28,7) | 65,1 (18,4) | 52,2 (11,2) | 104,6 (40,3) |
Promedio alto ° F (° C) | 37,8 (3,2) | 44,7 (7,1) | 54,6 (12,6) | 62,3 (16,8) | 71,6 (22,0) | 81,3 (27,4) | 91,2 (32,9) | 89.7 (32.1) | 78.8 (26.0) | 64.8 (18.2) | 48.2 (9.0) | 37.5 (3.1) | 63.6 (17.6) |
Average low °F (°C) | 24.7 (−4.1) | 28.3 (−2.1) | 34.4 (1.3) | 39.3 (4.1) | 46.5 (8.1) | 53.7 (12.1) | 60.4 (15.8) | 59.6 (15.3) | 51.0 (10.6) | 40.9 (4.9) | 31.9 (−0.1) | 24.0 (−4.4) | 41.3 (5.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 7.0 (−13.9) | 12.8 (−10.7) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 26.1 (−3.3) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 39.2 (4.0) | 47.7 (8.7) | 46.1 (7.8) | 35.9 (2.2) | 25.1 (−3.8) | 16.8 (−8.4) | 7.0 (−13.9) | 0.5 (−17.5) |
Record low °F (°C) | −28 (−33) | −15 (−26) | 5 (−15) | 11 (−12) | 22 (−6) | 30 (−1) | 35 (2) | 32 (0) | 23 (−5) | 11 (−12) | −10 (−23) | −25 (−32) | −28 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.24 (31) | 0.99 (25) | 1.39 (35) | 1.23 (31) | 1.39 (35) | 0.69 (18) | 0.33 (8.4) | 0.24 (6.1) | 0.58 (15) | 0.75 (19) | 1.35 (34) | 1.55 (39) | 11.73 (298) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 5.1 (13) | 2.8 (7.1) | 1.3 (3.3) | 0.3 (0.76) | trace | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 2.6 (6.6) | 7.0 (18) | 19.2 (49) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.5 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 87.6 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.3 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 6.0 | 19.4 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 75.0 | 69.9 | 59.5 | 52.3 | 48.7 | 44.7 | 36.1 | 37.2 | 45.1 | 53.6 | 68.5 | 74.6 | 55.4 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 21.6 (−5.8) | 25.9 (−3.4) | 27.3 (−2.6) | 30.2 (−1.0) | 36.0 (2.2) | 41.4 (5.2) | 43.2 (6.2) | 42.3 (5.7) | 37.9 (3.3) | 32.7 (0.4) | 28.9 (−1.7) | 22.5 (−5.3) | 32.5 (0.3) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 109.3 | 151.9 | 238.6 | 281.4 | 335.5 | 351.6 | 399.8 | 358.8 | 303.6 | 238.1 | 119.6 | 105.2 | 2,993.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 38 | 52 | 64 | 70 | 74 | 76 | 86 | 83 | 81 | 70 | 41 | 38 | 67 |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[30][33][34] |
Demografía
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1870 | 995 | — | |
1880 | 1,899 | 90.9% | |
1890 | 2,311 | 21.7% | |
1900 | 5,957 | 157.8% | |
1910 | 17,358 | 191.4% | |
1920 | 21,393 | 23.2% | |
1930 | 21,544 | 0.7% | |
1940 | 26,130 | 21.3% | |
1950 | 34,393 | 31.6% | |
1960 | 34,481 | 0.3% | |
1970 | 74,990 | 117.5% | |
1980 | 102,249 | 36.4% | |
1990 | 125,738 | 23.0% | |
2000 | 185,787 | 47.8% | |
2010 | 205,671 | 10.7% | |
2020 (est.) | 240,380 | [35] | 16.9% |
U.S. Decennial Census[36] |
2010 census
As of the census[37] of 2010, there were 205,671 people, 85,704 households, and 50,647 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,591.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,000.6/km2). There were 92,700 housing units at an average density of 1,168.1 per square mile (451.0/km2). The city's racial makeup was 89.0% White, 1.5% African American, 0.7% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 7.1% of the population.
There were 85,704 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44% were married couples living together, 10% had a woman householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a man householder with no wife present, and 41% were non-families. 31% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.
The median age in the city was 35. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 11% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The city's gender makeup was 49% men and 51% women.
Economía
Boise is the headquarters for several major companies, such as Boise Cascade LLC, Albertsons, J.R. Simplot Company, Lamb Weston, Idaho Pacific Lumber Company, Idaho Timber, WinCo Foods, Bodybuilding.com, and Clearwater Analytics. Other major industries are headquartered in Boise or have large manufacturing facilities present. The state government is one of the city's largest employers.
The area's largest private, locally based, publicly traded employer is Micron Technology.[38] Others include IDACORP, Inc., the parent company of Idaho Power, Idaho Bancorp, Boise, Inc., American Ecology Corp., and PCS Edventures.com Inc.
Technology investment and the high-tech industry have become increasingly important to the city, with businesses including Hewlett Packard, Healthwise, Bodybuilding.com, Cradlepoint, Crucial.com, ClickBank, MetaGeek, MobileDataForce, MarkMonitor, Sybase, Balihoo, Intracon NA,[39] Wire Stone, and Microsoft. The call center industry is also a major source of employment. There are over 20 call centers in the city employing more than 7,000 people, including WDSGlobal, Electronic Data Systems, Teleperformance, DirecTV, Taos, and T-Mobile.[40]
Varney Air Lines, founded by Walter Varney in 1926, was formed in Boise, though headquartered at Pasco, Washington due to its more attractive prospects and increased economic support in Washington. Varney spent most of his time in Pasco operating the company due to his personal health conditions needing better air to breathe and distaste for potatoes.[citation needed] The original airmail contract was from Pasco to Elko, Nevada, with stops in Boise in both directions. Varney Air Lines is the original predecessor company of present-day United Airlines, which still serves the city at the newly renovated and upgraded Boise Airport.
Top employers
According to Boise Valley Economic Partnership,[41] the top private employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | St. Luke's Health Systems | 7,000-7,999 |
2 | Micron Technology | 5,000-5,999 |
3 | Saint Alphonsus Health System | 5,000-5,999 |
4 | Albertsons | 3,000-3,999 |
5 | Walmart | 3,000-3,999 |
6 | JR Simplot Co. | 2,000-2,999 |
7 | HP Inc. | 1,000-1,999 |
8 | Fred Meyer | 1,000-1,999 |
9 | Idaho Power Co. | 1,000-1,999 |
10 | Wells Fargo Bank NA | 1,000-1,999 |
- Note: this list only includes companies who have given the Idaho Department of Labor permission to release their employment numbers.
Cultura
Boise is a regional hub for jazz, theater, and indie music. The Gene Harris Jazz Festival is hosted in Boise each spring. Several theater groups operate in the city, including the Idaho Shakespeare Festival, Boise Little Theatre, Boise Contemporary Theater, and ComedySportz Boise, amongst others. The Treefort Music Fest in late March features emerging bands, as well as many other artistic endeavors,[42] and has perforce "morphed from quirky music festival to consuming community event,"[43] and the HomeGrown Theatre is notable for continuing the avant garde satirical tradition of puppetry for millennials.[44][45] The renovated Egyptian Theatre hosts national and regional music acts, comedians, and special film screenings.
Idaho's ethnic Basque community is one of the largest in the United States, on the order of nearly 7,000 people in 2000, many of whom live in Boise.[46] A large Basque festival known as Jaialdi is held once every five years (next in 2025). Downtown Boise features a vibrant section known as the "Basque Block". Boise's former mayor, David H. Bieter, is of Basque descent. Boise is also a sister region of the Basque communities.
Boise is home to several museums, including the Boise Art Museum,[47] Idaho Historical Museum, the Basque Museum and Cultural Center, Idaho Black History Museum, Boise WaterShed and the Discovery Center of Idaho. On the first Thursday of each month, a gallery stroll known as First Thursday is hosted in the city's core business district by the Downtown Boise Association.
Boise also has a thriving performing arts community. The Boise Philharmonic,[48] now in its 49th season, under the leadership of Music Director and Conductor Robert Franz continues to grow musically, and introduces excellent guest artists and composers year after year. The dance community is represented by the resurgent Ballet Idaho[49] under artistic director Peter Anastos, and the nationally known and critically acclaimed[50] Trey McIntyre Project[51] also make their home in Boise. All of these perform at the Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts,[52] on the Boise State University campus. The Morrison Center also hosts local and national fine arts performances. Rounding out the classical performing arts is Opera Idaho,[53] under the direction of Mark Junkert, which brings grand Opera to various venues throughout the Treasure Valley.
The Boise City Department of Arts and History was created in 2008 with the goal of promoting the arts, culture, and history of the city among its residents and visitors.[54] Since 1978 Boise had a public arts commission like many cities to promote public art and education. The Arts Commission provided expert advice on public art installations to the city and private groups, as well as to develop many educational programs within the city promoting the arts. In 2008 the city and the Arts Commission made the decision to introduce history into the scope of the art commission and rename this new commission the Boise City Department of Arts and History.[55]
The Boise City Department of Arts and History oversees several ongoing projects and programs related to art, culture, and history, and a number of short-term projects at any given time. Ongoing projects include maintenance of a public art collection valued at over $3 million,[55] creation and maintenance of city historical and art walks and tours,[56] maintenance of a city historical research collection,[57] artists in residence,[58] and the Fettuccine Forum.[59]
According to a 2012 study performed by Americans for the Arts, arts, both public and private, in Boise is a forty-eight million dollar per year industry.[60] The same study also cited the arts in and around Boise as a supplier of jobs for about 1600 people and producer of roughly $4.4 million in revenue to state and local government.
The Boise Centre on the Grove is an 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m2) convention center that hosts a variety of events, including international, national, and regional conventions, conferences, banquets, and consumer shows. It is in the heart of downtown Boise and borders the Grove Plaza, which hosts many outdoor functions throughout the year including the New Year's Eve celebration, the Idaho Potato Drop[61] hosted by the Idaho New Year's Commission.[62][citation needed] The Morrison-Knudsen Nature Center, located next to Municipal Park, features a streamwalk with wildlife experiences just east of downtown.[22]
Boise has diverse and vibrant religious communities. The Jewish community is served by two synagogues: the Chabad Jewish Center, and the reform Ahavath Beth Israel Temple (completed 1896, is the nation's oldest continually used temple west of the Mississippi). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints dedicated a temple there in 1984. The Boise Hare Krishna Temple opened in August 1999,[63] and the Vietnamese Linh Tuu-temple[64] opened in 2016.
Boise (along with Valley and Boise Counties) hosted the 2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games. More than 2,500 athletes from over 85 countries participated.[65]
In 1972, John Waters set the final scene of his film Pink Flamingos in Boise.[66]
Boise's sister cities are Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia and Gernika, Spain.[67]
Major attractions
Boise offers numerous recreational opportunities, including extensive hiking and biking in the foothills to the immediate north of downtown. Much of this trail network is part of Hull's Gulch and can be accessed by 8th street. An extensive urban trail system called the Boise River Greenbelt runs along the river and through Pierce Park. The Boise River is a common destination for fishing, swimming and rafting.[citation needed]
In Julia Davis Park is Zoo Boise, which has over 200 animals representing over 80 species from around the world. An Africa exhibit, completed in 2008, is the most recent addition.[68] Boise is also home to the Idaho Aquarium.[citation needed]
The Bogus Basin ski area opened in 1942 and hosts multiple winter activities, primarily alpine skiing and snowboarding, but also cross-country skiing and snow tubing. "Bogus" is 16 mi (26 km) from the city limits (less than an hour drive from downtown) on a twisty paved road which climbs 3400 vertical feet (1036 m) through sagebrush and forest.[citation needed]
Boise is the site of the only human rights memorial in the U.S., the Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial, located next to its main library.[69]
The World Center for Birds of Prey, just outside city, is a key part of the re-establishment of the peregrine falcon and its subsequent removal from the endangered species list. The center is breeding the rare California condor, among many other rare and endangered species.
Publications such as Forbes, Fortune and Sunset have cited the city for its quality of life. An article published by Forbes in 2018 named Boise the fastest-growing city in America. Its population of around 220,000 grew 3.08% in 2017, as well as employment by 30.58%.[citation needed]
The cornerstone mall in Boise, Boise Towne Square Mall, is also a major shopping attraction for Boise, Nampa, Caldwell, and surrounding areas. The mall received upgrades and added several new retailers in 1998 and 2006. Home prices, a proxy for wealth, increased 11.58%--number four in the U.S.[citation needed]
The state's largest giant sequoia can be found near St. Luke's Hospital.[70]
Sports
Professional sports teams in Boise include the Boise Hawks of the independent baseball Pioneer League, the Idaho Steelheads of the ECHL (minor league hockey). The Treasure Valley Spartans (semi-pro football) of the (Rocky Mountain Football League) operated from 2009–2012. An arenafootball2 franchise, the Boise Burn, began play in 2007 but is now defunct.[citation needed]
Boise is home to an all-female, DIY, flat track roller derby league, the Treasure Valley Rollergirls, which beginning on Labor Day Weekend 2010 hosted an international, two-day, double elimination tournament, the first Spudtown Knockdown,[71][72] featuring eight teams from throughout the American West and Canada.[73][74]
The Boise State University campus is home to Albertsons Stadium, the 36,800 seat football stadium known for its blue Field Turf field[75] and ExtraMile Arena, a 12,000 seat basketball and entertainment venue which opened in 1982 as the BSU Pavilion. Boise State University is known primarily for the recent successes of its football team.
The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl football game (formerly known as the Humanitarian Bowl and the MPC Computers Bowl) is held in late December each year, and pairs a team from the Mountain West Conference with a Mid-American Conference team.
Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boise Hawks | Pioneer League | Baseball | Memorial Stadium | 1987 | 6 |
Idaho Steelheads | ECHL | Ice hockey | Idaho Central Arena | 1997 | 2 |
Crimen
Violent crimes dropped from 775 incidences in 2006 to 586 in 2007, but murders increased from 2004 to 2007. In 2007, there were 3,211 crimes per 100,000 residents.[76] Despite population growth, violent crime has remained much the same as of 2013, with 600 incidents of violent crime in that year.[77]
Educación
The Boise School District includes 31 elementary schools, eight junior high schools, five high schools, and two specialty schools.[78] Part of the West Ada School District (now the largest in Idaho) is within the Boise city limits, and the city is therefore home to six public high schools: Boise, Borah, Capital, Timberline, the alternative Frank Church, and the West Ada School district's Centennial. Boise's private schools include the Catholic Bishop Kelly, Foothills School of Arts and Sciences, the International Baccalaureate-accredited Riverstone International School, and the only student-led school in the country One Stone.
Post-secondary educational options in Boise include Boise State University (BSU) and a wide range of technical schools. The University of Idaho (UI) and Idaho State University (ISU) each maintain a satellite campus in Boise. As of 2014, the city has two law school programs. The Concordia University School of Law opened in 2012,[79] and the University of Idaho College of Law now hosts second and third year students at its Boise campus.[80] Boise is home to Boise Bible College, an undergraduate degree-granting college that exists to train leaders for churches as well as missionaries for the world.
Boiseko Ikastola is the only Basque pre-school outside of the Basque Country.[81][82]
Medios de comunicación
The greater-Boise area is served by two daily newspapers, The Idaho Statesman and the Idaho Press-Tribune; a free alternative newsweekly, Boise Weekly; a weekly business news publication, Idaho Business Review, and a quarterly lifestyle magazine, Boise Magazine. In addition to numerous radio stations, Boise has five major commercial television stations that serve the greater Boise area. There are four major news outlets, KTVB (NBC), KBOI-TV (CBS), KIVI-TV (American Broadcasting Company; sister Fox station KNIN-TV airs additional KIVI newscasts), and Idaho Public Television.
Transporte
The major Interstate serving Boise is I-84, which connects Boise with Portland, Oregon, and Salt Lake City, Utah. In addition, residents in the Boise area are served with Interstate 184 (locally known as "The Connector"), a nearly 5-mile (8 km) stretch of freeway connecting I-84 with the downtown Boise area. Highway 55 branches outward northeast. There is a network of bike paths, such as the Boise River Greenbelt, throughout the city and surrounding region. Among US cities, Boise has the seventh highest amount of bicycle commuters per capita with 3.9% of commuters riding to work.[83]
Public transportation includes a series of bus lines operated by ValleyRide. In addition, the Downtown Circulator, a proposed streetcar system, is in its planning stage.[84] The construction of the underground public transportation hub (UPT Hub) in Boise in the parking lot site near the intersection of W Main Street and N 8th Street was completed in 2016.[85]
Commercial air service is provided at the Boise Airport. The terminal was recently renovated to accommodate the growing number of passengers flying in and out of Boise. It is served by Allegiant Air, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and United Airlines. The airport's east end is home to the National Interagency Fire Center. The Gowen Field Air National Guard Base occupies the south side of the field.
The Seattle–Chicago Amtrak Pioneer passenger train stopped at Boise Union Pacific Depot from June 7, 1977, until May 10, 1997, when it was discontinued.[86][87][88] A short line railroad (Boise Valley Railroad) serves industries in Boise, connecting with the Union Pacific Railroad in Nampa.
Gente notable
galería de fotos
Zions Bank Building, completed in early 2014, is the tallest building in Boise.
Foothills view of Boise, fall 2013
Looking north from 8th/Broad St intersection in August 2013
Downtown Boise skyline at midnight
Old Boise Train Depot
Downtown in 2006
Bird's-eye view in 2007
Boise Metropolitan Area, as seen from foothills above city
City Christmas tree in front of the Capitol Building in 2010
The Ridenbaugh Canal, constructed in 1878, provides for leisurely recreational activities in SE Boise for most if not all of its route; the median S. Federal Way is on the upper left.
Notas
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
- ^ Official records have been kept at downtown Boise from January 1875 to December 1939, and at Boise Air Terminal (Airport) since January 1940. For more information, see ThreadEx.
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Otras lecturas
- MacGibbon, Elma (1904). Leaves of knowledge. Shaw & Borden Co. Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection Elma MacGibbons reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington. Includes chapter "Boise, the capital of Idaho".
- Roger Weston: The Recruiter. Novel with sequences in Boise and Sun Valley Idaho.
enlaces externos
- Official website
- Boise Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Boise Area Chamber of Commerce
- University of Idaho yearbook, 1933 − aerial photo of downtown Boise, early 1930s
External video | |
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[5] A cinéma vérité view of the redevelopment of downtown Boise in 1988 |