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Datos incrustados: un disco DVD-R (también se aplica a DVD + R) en el que solo se escribe parcialmente. Los datos se graban en el disco con un láser de escritura.

Los DVD grabables y regrabables son tecnologías de grabación de discos ópticos . Ambos términos describen discos ópticos de DVD en los que se puede escribir una grabadora de DVD , mientras que solo los discos "regrabables" pueden borrar y reescribir datos. Los datos se escriben ("graban") en el disco mediante un láser , en lugar de "presionar" los datos en el disco durante la fabricación, como un DVD-ROM . El prensado se utiliza en la producción en masa, principalmente para la distribución de vídeos domésticos .

Al igual que los CD-R , los DVD grabables utilizan tintes para almacenar los datos. Durante la quema de un solo bit, la intensidad del láser afecta las propiedades reflectantes del tinte quemado. Al variar la intensidad del láser rápidamente, los datos de alta densidad se escriben en pistas precisas. Dado que las pistas escritas están hechas de tinte oscuro, el lado de datos de un DVD grabable tiene un color distinto. Los DVD grabados tienen una mayor tasa de fallos de lectura que los DVD impresos, debido a las diferencias en las propiedades reflectantes del tinte en comparación con el sustrato de aluminio de los discos comprimidos.

Comparación de CD y DVD grabables [ editar ]

La mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de un DVD-R en comparación con un CD-R se logra enfocando el láser en un punto más pequeño, creando 'hoyos' más pequeños, así como un paso de pista más fino de la espiral de la ranura que guía el rayo láser. Estos dos cambios permiten que se escriban más pits en la misma área física del disco, lo que proporciona una mayor densidad de datos. El enfoque más pequeño es posible con un láser "rojo" de longitud de onda más corta de 640 nm, en comparación con la longitud de onda de CD-R de 780 nm. Se utiliza junto con una lente de mayor apertura numérica . Los tintes utilizados en cada caso son diferentes ya que están optimizados para distintas longitudes de onda.

Formatos R y RW [ editar ]

Discos DVD-RW en un eje

Los DVD en formato "R" se pueden escribir una vez y leer arbitrariamente muchas veces. Por lo tanto, los discos de formato "R" solo son adecuados para el almacenamiento de datos no volátiles, como audio o video. Esto puede causar confusión porque el logo ' DVD + RW Alliance ' es un 'RW' estilizado. Por lo tanto, muchos discos tienen el logotipo de RW, pero no son regrabables.

Según Pioneer, los discos DVD-RW se pueden grabar unas 1000 veces antes de necesitar un reemplazo. [1] Los discos RW se utilizan para almacenar datos volátiles, como cuando se crean copias de seguridad o colecciones de archivos que están sujetos a cambios y reescrituras. También son ideales para grabadoras de video en DVD domésticas , donde es ventajoso tener un formato regrabable capaz de velocidades de datos de video digital, además de ser extraíble, pequeño y relativamente económico. Otro beneficio de usar un disco regrabable es que si el proceso de grabación produce errores o datos dañados, simplemente se puede volver a escribir para corregir el error o se pueden borrar los datos dañados.

DVD-R y DVD-RW (DVD "guión") [ editar ]

Una grabadora de DVD interna capaz de grabar discos dash o plus

El formato DVD-R fue desarrollado por Pioneer en 1997. [2] Es compatible con la mayoría de los reproductores de DVD normales y está aprobado por DVD Forum . Tiene una compatibilidad de reproducción más amplia que DVD + R, especialmente con reproductores mucho más antiguos. [ cita requerida ] El formato de guión utiliza un método de " tierra antes del pozo "  [3] para proporcionar información sobre la dirección del sector.

DVD "menos" R no es correcto, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del consorcio DVD-R; es, de hecho, un guión (es decir, un DVD "guión" R). Las tecnologías DVD-R y DVD + R no son directamente compatibles, lo que creó una guerra de formatos en la industria de la tecnología DVD. Para conciliar los dos formatos en competencia, los fabricantes crearon unidades híbridas que podían leer ambos: la mayoría de las unidades híbridas que manejan ambos formatos están etiquetadas como DVD ± R y Super Multi (que incluye soporte para DVD-RAM ) y son muy populares.

Versiones de DVD-RW [ editar ]

Ha habido tres revisiones de DVD-RW conocidas como Versión 1.0 (1999), Versión 1.1 (2000) y Versión 1.2 (noviembre de 2003). [4]

La escritura de DVD-RW versión 1.2 no es compatible con versiones anteriores de unidades ópticas que solo se han adaptado a la versión 1.1 y 1.0. [5] [6]

Los soportes DVD-RW existen en las variantes de velocidad de grabación de 1 × (descontinuado), 2 ×, 4 × y 6 ×. Las variantes de mayor velocidad, aunque compatibles con velocidades de escritura más bajas, se escriben con la tasa de error más baja a la velocidad nominal, de manera similar a CD-RW . [7] [8] [9] [5]

DVD + R y DVD + RW (DVD "más") [ editar ]

Historia [ editar ]

El formato DVD + R fue desarrollado por una coalición de corporaciones, ahora conocida como DVD + RW Alliance, a mediados de 2002 (aunque la mayor parte de la promoción inicial fue de Sony). El DVD Forum inicialmente no aprobó el formato DVD + R y afirmó que el formato DVD + R no era un formato DVD oficial hasta el 25 de enero de 2008. [10]

El 25 de enero de 2008, DVD6C aceptó oficialmente DVD + R y DVD + RW al agregarlos a su lista de productos de DVD con licencia. [10]

Funciones [ editar ]

Frecuencia de oscilación [ editar ]

Desarrollado por Philips y Sony con su DVD + RW Alliance , el formato "plus" utiliza una técnica de modulación bifásica [ cita requerida ] más confiable [11] para proporcionar información de dirección del "sector". Se introdujo después del formato "-".

La frecuencia de oscilación se ha incrementado de 140,6 kHz a 817,4 kHz. [12]

Tasas de transferencia [ editar ]

Al igual que los DVD-R (una capa), los medios DVD + R (una capa) existen oficialmente con velocidades de grabación nominales de hasta 16 × ( velocidad angular constante ). Sin embargo, en los tipos + R y -R, algunos modelos de unidades ópticas de media altura (escritorio) permiten omitir la clasificación y grabar a velocidades superiores a 16 × en medios grabables seleccionados por proveedores considerados de alta calidad, incluidos Verbatim y Taiyo Yuden .

En soportes de doble capa, las unidades ópticas de media altura lanzadas hacia 2010, como el TSSTcorp TS-H653B 2007, [13] han adaptado velocidades de grabación de hasta 16 × en soportes DVD + R DL por proveedores seleccionados, en comparación con hasta 12 × en DVD-R DL. Las unidades ópticas más recientes han reducido su velocidad de grabación máxima permitida en soportes + R DL y -R DL a 8 ×, generalmente P-CAV . [5] [8] [14]

Existen soportes DVD + RW con clasificaciones de velocidad de escritura de 1 × -4 × y 2,4 × -8 ×. [15] [16]

Las velocidades de lectura ( velocidad angular constante ) en la mayoría de las unidades ópticas de media altura lanzadas desde mediados de la década de 2000 son de hasta 16 × en DVD ± R (una capa) y 12 × en DVD ± R DL y DVD ± RW. [8] [14] [5]

Todas las tasas de transferencia de velocidad lineal constante (lectura y escritura) de 2,0 × en DVD-R / RW se han sustituido por 2,4 × en la especificación para DVD + R / RW. Por lo tanto, las hojas de especificaciones de las unidades ópticas enumeran "2.4 × CLV" en lugar de "2 × CLV" como el nivel de velocidad de transferencia base para DVD + R / RW. Las unidades ópticas anteriores también tienen un nivel de tasa de transferencia de 1.0 × tanto para DVD-R / RW como para DVD + R / RW. [5] [17] [18]

Funcionalidad [ editar ]

DVD + RW admite un método de escritura llamado "enlace sin pérdida", que lo hace adecuado para el acceso aleatorio y mejora la compatibilidad con los reproductores de DVD . [19] El estándar DVD + RW regrabable se formalizó antes que el DVD + R no regrabable (lo contrario sucedió con los formatos DVD). Aunque el crédito por desarrollar el estándar a menudo se atribuye a Philips, fue "finalizado" en 1997 por la DVD + RW Alliance. Luego se abandonó hasta 2001, cuando se revisó en gran medida (en particular, la capacidad aumentó de 2,8 GB a 4,7 GB). [ cita requerida ]

La función de modo de grabación simulada ya no es una parte oficial del estándar como lo era para CD-R , CD-RW , DVD-R y DVD-RW , aunque es compatible con unidades ópticas Plextor . [20] [21]

Otra distinción en comparación con DVD-R / RW / R DL es que la información de la grabadora (modelo de unidad óptica) no se escribe automáticamente en los discos DVD + por la unidad. Nero DiscSpeed permite agregar de forma patentada dicha información para su posterior recuperación. [22]

Other changes include the removal of a dedicated SCSI erase command in optical drives, which is done by the software instead that overwrites data with null characters. This means that the standard does not allow reverting the disc to a blank (unwritten) state after the first write.[23]

DVD+RW DL was once developed and announced by JVC but it was never sold due to issues with its low reflectivity (Dual layer).[24][25][26][27]

Comparison of "dash" and "plus" formats[edit]

As of 2006, the market for recordable DVD technology showed little sign of settling down in favour of either the "plus" or "dash" formats, which is mostly the result of the increasing numbers of dual-format devices that can record to both formats, known as DVD Multi Recorders.[28] It has become very difficult to find new computer drives that can only record to one of the formats. By contrast, DVD Video recorders still[when?] favour one format over the other, often providing restrictions on what the unfavoured format will do.[29] However, because the DVD-R format has been in use since 1997, it has had a five-year lead on DVD+R. As such, older or cheaper DVD players (up to 2004 vintage) are more likely to favour the DVD-R standard exclusively.[30][better source needed]

DVD+R discs must be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder. DVD-R do not have to be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder, because the two variants of the discs are written in different formats (see DVD+VR and DVD-VR respectively).

There are a number of significant technical differences between the "dash" and the "plus" format, although most users would not notice the difference. One example is that the DVD+R style address in pregroove (ADIP) system of tracking and speed control is less susceptible to interference and error, which makes the ADIP system more accurate at higher speeds than the land pre pit (LPP) system used by DVD-R. In addition, DVD+R(W) has a more robust error-management system than DVD-R(W), allowing for more accurate burning to media, independent of the quality of the media. The practical upshot is that a DVD+R writer is able to locate data on the disc to byte accuracy whereas DVD-R is incapable of such precision. DVD+R DL media may also be "overburned" to 8.7 GB, 200 MB more than the 8.5 GB normally allowed by DVD+R DL.

DVD+R also has a larger Power Calibration Area (PCA). The PCA in DVD+R has a length of 32768 sectors, compared to the 7088 of DVD-R. In the PCA, which is located close to the inner edge of the disc, a 15-step procedure is carried out to calibrate (vary the power of) the disc drive's laser before every and during writing, to allow for small differences between discs and drives. This process is known as a power test. Calibration during writing allows for small changes in quality between different sections of the disc, such as slightly different optical properties, impurities or dye layer thickness in either the plastic or dye. The results of the power tests are stored in a Recording Management Area (RMA), which can hold up to 7,088 calibrations (in DVD-R). The disc can not be written to after the RMA becomes full, although it may be emptied in RW discs. CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD+RW and DVD-R all have a PCA. CDs (and possibly DVDs) may also have two PCAs: one on the inner edge of the disc, for low speed testing, and another on the outer edge for high speed testing. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]

Additional session linking methods are more accurate with DVD+R(W) versus DVD-R(W), resulting in fewer damaged or unusable discs due to buffer under-run and multi-session discs with fewer PI/PO errors.[39]

Like other "plus" media, it is possible to change the book type to increase the compatibility of DVD+R media (though unlike DVD+RW, it is a one way process). This is also known as bitsetting.[40]

DVD-RAM[edit]

As RAM stands for Random Access Memory, it works more or less like a hard-drive and was designed for corporate back-up use. Developed in 1996, DVD-RAM is a rewritable optical disc originally encased in a cartridge. Currently available in standard 4.7 GB (and sometimes in other sizes), it is useful in applications that require quick revisions and rewriting. It can only be read in drives that are DVD-RAM compatible, of which all multi-format drives are. DVD Forum backs this format. It uses physical dedicated sector markers (visible as rectangles on the read side of the disc) instead of the pre-pits or wobbles used in other types of recordable and rewritable media.

Multi-format drives can read and write more than one format; e.g. DVD±R(W) (DVD plus-dash recordable and rewritable) is used to refer to drives that can write/rewrite both plus and dash formats, but not necessarily DVD-RAM. Drives marked "DVD Multi Recorder" support DVD±R(W) and DVD-RAM.[28]

Sizes[edit]

DVD recordable media are sold in two standard sizes, a regular 12 cm size for home recording and computer usage, and a small 8 cm size (sometimes known as a miniDVD) for use in compact camcorders. The smaller Mini DVD-RW, for example, holds 1.46 GB.[41]

Speed[edit]

Notes:

  • The rotation speed of DVD at ×1 CAV (~580 rpm) is around three times as high as CD at ×1 (~200 rpm)
  • Disc write time in table does not include overhead, leadout, etc.

The following table describes the maximal speed of DVD-R and the relative typical write time for a full disc according to the reviews from cdrinfo.com and cdfreaks.com. Many reviews of multiple brand names on varying conditions of hardware and DVD give much lower and wider measurements than the optimal numbers below.

The write time may vary (± 30 s) between writer and media used. For high speed, the write strategy changes from constant linear velocity (CLV) to constant angular velocity (CAV), or zoned constant linear velocity (ZCLV). The table below largely assumes CAV.

Adoption[edit]

Some half-height DVD Multi Recorder drives released since 2007, such as the TSSTcorp SH-S203/TS-H653B (2007) have officially adapted support for writing speeds of up to 12× on DVD-R DL and 16× on DVD+R DL (on recordable media by selected vendors only), while more recent DVD writers such as the SH-224DB (2013) and Blu-Ray writers such as the LG BE16NU50 (2016) have restricted the supported DVD±R DL writing speed to 8×.[7][8]

Capacities[edit]

Most DVD±R/RWs are advertised using the definition of 1 gigabyte = 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes.[43] This can be confusing for many users since a 4.7 GB (4.7 billion bytes) DVD that is advertised as such might show up on their device as having 4.38 GiB (depending on what type of prefixes their device uses).[44]

Quality and longevity[edit]

According to a study published in 2008 by the Preservation Research and Testing Division of the U.S. Library of Congress, most recordable CD products have a higher probability of greater longevity compared to recordable DVD products.[45]

Media of higher quality tends to last longer. Using surface error scanning, the rate of correctable errors can be measured. A higher rate of errors indicates media of lower quality and/or deteriorating media. It may also indicate scratches and/or data written by a defective optical drive.

Not all optical drive models are able to scan the disc quality.[46]

Disc structure[edit]

R format[edit]

DVD-R discs are composed of two 0.6 mm acrylic discs, bonded with an adhesive to each other. One contains the laser guiding groove and is coated with the recording dye and a silver alloy or gold reflector. The other one (for single-sided discs) is an ungrooved 'dummy' disc to assure mechanical stability of the sandwich structure, and compatibility with the compact disc standard geometry which requires a total disc thickness of about 1.2 mm. The sandwich structure also helps protect the layer containing data from scratches with a thick "dummy" disc, a problem with CDs, which lack that structure. Double-sided discs have two grooved, recordable disc sides, and require the user to flip the disc to access the other side. Compared to a CD's 1.2 mm thickness, a DVD's laser beam only has to penetrate 0.6 mm of plastic in order to reach the dye recording layer, which allows the lens to focus the beam to a smaller spot size to write smaller pits.

In a DVD-R, the addressing (the determination of location of the laser beam on the disc) is done with additional pits and lands (called land pre-pits) in the areas between the grooves. The groove on a DVD-R disc has a constant wobble frequency of 140.6 kHz used for motor control, etc.

In 2011, JVC announced an archival DVD recording medium manufactured with quality control and inspection frequencies techniques greater than is traditionally used in media manufacturing, and using specially developed silver alloy as a reflective layer and organic dye with in-house developed additives to secure long-term data retention.[47]

RW format[edit]

The recording layer in DVD-RW and DVD+RW is not an organic dye, but a special phase change metal alloy, often GeSbTe. The alloy can be switched back and forth between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, changing the reflectivity, depending on the power of the laser beam. Data can thus be written, erased and re-written.[48]

Dual layer[edit]

In October 2003, it was demonstrated that double layer technology could be used with a DVD+R disc to nearly double the capacity to 8.5 GB per disc.[citation needed] These dual layer (DL) versions, DVD-R DL appeared on the market in 2005.

A specification for dual-layer DVD-RW discs with a capacity of 8.5 GB (8,500,000,000 bytes) was approved by the DVD Forum,[49] and JVC announced their development of the first media in the format in 2005.[50] A double-layer DVD+RW specification was approved in March 2006 with a capacity of 8.5 GB.[51] However, manufacturing support for these rewritable dual-layer discs did not materialize due to costs and expected competition from newer and higher-capacity formats like Blu-ray and HD DVD.

See also[edit]

  • DVD
  • DVD recorder (DVDR)
  • DVD-R DL
  • CD-R
  • DVD+R DL
  • DVD+RW DL
  • DVD-RAM
  • MiniDVD
  • MultiLevel Recording, an obsolete technology (with non-binary modulation)
  • Blu-ray Disc
  • Blu-ray Disc recordable
  • List of DVD recordable manufacturers

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Pioneer Announces New, Lower Prices for DVD-R and DVD-RW Media". Pioneer Electronics USA.
  2. ^ "History of Pioneer Corporation". Pioneer Corporation. Archived from the original on 2017-07-15. Retrieved 2019-12-06.
  3. ^ "80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R)" (standard). ECMA. December 1998. 279. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  4. ^ "Understanding DVD - Physical, Logical and Application Specifications". www.osta.org. Optical Storage Technology Association. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e Pioneer computer drive archive
  6. ^ "Notice to the DVD-RW Book Subscribers" (2004-02-25). www.dvdforum.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020. Important Notice to the subscribers of the DVD-RW Format Specifications Book Ver.1.2
  7. ^ a b Archive of discontinued Hitachi-LG Data Storage optical drives
  8. ^ a b c d Archive of TSSTcorp optical drive manuals
  9. ^ "Ritek DVD-RW tests". Club Myce - Knowledge is Power. Club Myce. 24 September 2003. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  10. ^ a b "DVD6C Announces New Licensing Program". DVD6C LA. Archived from the original on 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  11. ^ "Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16×)" (standard) (4th ed.). ECMA. June 2008. p. 4. 349. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  12. ^ "Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) - Myce.com". June 23, 2003. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  13. ^ "Super -writemaster DVD Writer SH-S203B(TS-H653B)/ SH-S203D(TS-H653D)" (PDF) (User manual) (in Korean). Samsung Electronics. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  14. ^ a b Archive of discontinued Hitachi-LG Data Storage optical drives
  15. ^ "Maxell DVD+RW RITEK...004 4x DVD Media". VideoHelp. 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  16. ^ "DVD+RW 4x RITEK-004-000". www.ez647.sk. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  17. ^ "SPECIFICATIONS Model GHB0N.AFCK101 for" (PDF). Fujitsu. 2013-11-13.
  18. ^ "GH24NSD0 SPECIFICATIONS Model GH24NSD0 For LG-Brand" (PDF). Hitachi-LG Data Storage.
  19. ^ "Range Of Available Standards - DVD Burner Test: Seven Times The Capacity". 7 February 2003. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  20. ^ Maguin, T. (2014-02-26). "cdvdcontrol • man page". helpmanual.io. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  21. ^ "AOpen DVD+RW RW5120A Manual Germany" (PDF). ftp.AOpen.com (in German). AOpen, Inc. 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  22. ^ "CD-DVD Speed Recorder Information". ImgBurn. 2006-07-30. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  23. ^ van Hove, Peter (2012 or earlier). "Quick erased (blanked) CD-RW vs. DVD-RW vs. DVD+RW, what's recoverable and how". IsoBuster. Archived from the original on 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2020-07-19. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "JVC announces first rewritable single-sided dual layer DVDs". Engadget.
  25. ^ "JVC | DVD-RW 8.5GB DL Rewritable DVD (2) | VDWDL85GU2 | B&H;". February 21, 2009. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009.
  26. ^ "Double Layer DVD+RW Media Closer to Production". March 30, 2006.
  27. ^ "Dual Layer DVD Re-writable Formats On the Way". June 7, 2006.
  28. ^ a b "Understanding DVD -Recording Hardware". www.osta.org. Optical Storage Technology Association. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  29. ^ DMR-EX769 (user manual), Panasonic, Machine will not record 16:9 format video to DVD+R(W).
  30. ^ "What is DVD?". Video help. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  31. ^ "Everything you Wanted to Know About CDs". www.co-bw.com.
  32. ^ "Optiarc--products were developed specifically for the professional digital content market". www.optiarcinc.com.
  33. ^ "United States Patent: 9105275 - Method for sensing the physically-recordable maximum capacity of a disc".
  34. ^ "Power Calibration Error Messages". March 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010.
  35. ^ Ballou, Glen (March 5, 2015). Handbook for Sound Engineers. CRC Press. ISBN 9781135016661 – via Google Books.
  36. ^ "Optical disk device".
  37. ^ "Method for controlling optical disk".
  38. ^ "DVD+RW Alliance - Customer Benefits". dvdrw.com. DVD+RW Alliance. Archived from the original on 7 August 2003. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  39. ^ McFarland, Patrick (October 30, 2006), How To Choose CD/DVD Archival Media, Ad terras pera spera.
  40. ^ "Increased compatibility: DVD bitsetting". CD freaks (review). Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  41. ^ "TEAC Corporation DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Specification DV-W5500S-000 Rev. 0.94 1/24 DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Product Specification Model : DV-W5500S-000 Drive Specification" (PDF). TEAC Corporation. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  42. ^ "Sony's 'miracle' DVD writer hits 24x write speed". TG daily. Archived from the original on 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2009-02-26.
  43. ^ The Byte Converter, archived from the original on 2013-11-03.
  44. ^ "Understanding DVD". Optical Storage Technology Association. 2004. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  45. ^ CD-R and DVD-R RW Longevity Research, US: Library of Congress.
  46. ^ "QPxTool glossary". qpxtool.sourceforge.io. QPxTool. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  47. ^ JVC introduces archival grade DVD-R media, Broadcast engineering, November 23, 2011, archived from the original on June 14, 2012.
  48. ^ "DVD Types | DVD-RAM vs DVD-RW vs DVD-R vs DVD+R vs DVD+RW". Nordex Media. 6 May 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  49. ^ DVD Specifications for Re-recordable Disc for Dual Layer (DVD-RW for DL) Physical Specifications, Version 2.0
  50. ^ "JVC Develops World's First Single-sided, Dual Layer DVD-RW Disc Technology" (PDF). 2005-04-04. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2016-03-25. Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. (JVC) is pleased to announce that it has developed the world's first [as of April 4, 2005] single-sided, dual layer DVD-RW disc technology with a maximum storage capacity of 8.5GB
  51. ^ DVD+RW part 2: Dual Layer, volume 1; DVD+RW 8.5 Gbytes, Basic Format Specifications, version 1.0, March 2006

Bibliography[edit]

  • Bennett, Hugh (July 1998), "In DVD's Own Image: DVD-R Technology and Promise", EMedia Professional, pp. 30+.
  • ——— (Apr 2004), Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD, Cupertino: Optical Storage Technology Association.
  • ISO/IEC 17341:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 4X)
  • ISO/IEC 26925:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)
  • ISO/IEC 29642:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW DL format -- Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes and 2,66 Gbytes per side (recording speed 2,4X)

External links[edit]

  • DVD Forum.
  • "Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD", Technology, Osta.
  • Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W), Myce.
  • Care and Handling of CDs and DVDs (report), Clir, 121.
  • 80 mm (1.23 GB per side) and 120 mm (3.95 GB per side) DVD-Recordable Disc (DVD-R) (standard), ECMA, 279.
  • Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disc using +R format (technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2005, 17344.
  • Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +R DL format – Capacity: 8.55 GB and 2.66 GB per side (recording speed up to 16×) (technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2008, 25434.
  • What's the difference between DVD-R and DVD+R? (Q&A), DVD demystified, archived from the original on August 22, 2009.
  • ISO/IEC 17342, 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD re-recordable disk (DVD-RW)
  • ISO/IEC 17342:2004 - publicly available standard
  • Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD by Hugh Bennett
  • Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W)
  • "Recorder and method for recording information on a write once recording medium". 23 June 2004. Retrieved 30 July 2020.