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porcelana de Delft
Ciudad y municipio
A view of Delft with the Oude Kerk in the centre
Una vista de Delft con el Oude Kerk en el centro
Flag of Delft
Bandera
Coat of arms of Delft
Escudo de armas
Highlighted position of Delft in a municipal map of South Holland
Ubicación en Holanda Meridional
Coordenadas: 52 ° 0′42.25 ″ N 4 ° 21′33.15 ″ E / 52.0117361°N 4.3592083°E / 52.0117361; 4.3592083 Coordenadas : 52 ° 0′42.25 ″ N 4 ° 21′33.15 ″ E  / 52.0117361°N 4.3592083°E / 52.0117361; 4.3592083
PaísPaíses Bajos
ProvinciaHolanda Meridional
MunicipalidadAyuntamiento de Delft
Gobierno[1]
 • CuerpoConsejo Municipal
 •  AlcaldeMarja van Bijsterveldt ( CDA )
Área[2]
 • Total24,06 km 2 (9,29 millas cuadradas)
 • Tierra22,65 km 2 (8,75 millas cuadradas)
 • Agua1,41 km 2 (0,54 millas cuadradas)
Elevación[3]0 m (0 pies)
Población (Enero de 2019) [4]
 • Total103,163
 • Densidad4.555 / km 2 (11.800 / millas cuadradas)
Zona horariaUTC + 1 ( CET )
 • Verano ( DST )UTC + 2 ( CEST )
Códigos postales
2600-2629
Codigo de AREA015
Sitio webwww .delft .nl
Un mapa de 2018 del municipio de Delft.

Delft ( pronunciación holandesa: [dɛlft] ( escuchar )About this sound ) es una ciudad y municipio de la provincia de Holanda Meridional , Países Bajos . Se encuentra entre Rotterdam , al sureste, y La Haya , al noroeste. Junto con ellos, forma parte tanto del área metropolitana de Rotterdam-La Haya como del Randstad .

Delft es un destino turístico popular en los Países Bajos, famoso por sus conexiones históricas con la actual Casa de Orange-Nassau , por su cerámica azul , por ser el hogar del pintor Jan Vermeer y por albergar la Universidad Tecnológica de Delft (TU Delft). Históricamente, Delft jugó un papel muy influyente en la Edad de Oro holandesa . [5] [6] [7] [8] En términos de ciencia y tecnología, gracias a las contribuciones pioneras de Antonie van Leeuwenhoek [9] [10] y Martinus Beijerinck , [11] Delft puede considerarse el lugar de nacimiento demicrobiología .

Historia [ editar ]

Véase también: Cronología de Delft

Historia temprana [ editar ]

El Gemeenlandshuis y la vieja iglesia, Delft, verano de Cornelis Springer , 1877
Un mapa de Delft en 1649, por Joan Blaeu

La ciudad de Delft nació junto a un canal, el 'Delf', que proviene de la palabra delven , que significa cavar o cavar, y esto dio lugar al nombre de Delft. En el lugar elevado donde este 'Delf' cruzaba la pared del arroyo del río Gantel sedimentado, un Conde estableció su mansión , probablemente alrededor de 1075. En parte debido a esto, Delft se convirtió en una importante ciudad comercial, cuya evidencia se puede ver en el tamaño de su plaza del mercado central.

Habiendo sido un pueblo rural a principios de la Edad Media, Delft se convirtió en una ciudad, y el 15 de abril de 1246, el Conde Willem II otorgó a Delft su carta de ciudad . El comercio y la industria florecieron. En 1389 se excavó el canal Delfshavensche Schie hasta el río Mosa , donde se construyó el puerto de Delfshaven , que conecta Delft con el mar.

Hasta el siglo XVII, Delft fue una de las principales ciudades del entonces condado (y más tarde provincia) de Holanda . En 1400, por ejemplo, la ciudad tenía 6.500 habitantes, lo que la convierte en la tercera ciudad más grande después de Dordrecht (8.000) y Haarlem (7.000). En 1560, Ámsterdam, con 28.000 habitantes, se había convertido en la ciudad más grande, seguida de Delft, Leiden y Haarlem, que tenían cada una alrededor de 14.000 habitantes.

En 1536, gran parte de la ciudad fue destruida por el gran incendio de Delft.

La asociación de la ciudad con la Casa de Orange comenzó cuando Guillermo de Orange (Willem van Oranje), apodado Guillermo el Silencioso (Willem de Zwijger), se instaló en 1572 en el antiguo convento de Saint-Agatha (posteriormente llamado Prinsenhof). En ese momento era el líder de la creciente resistencia nacional holandesa contra la ocupación española, conocida como la Guerra de los Ochenta Años . Para entonces, Delft era una de las principales ciudades de Holanda y estaba equipada con las murallas necesarias para servir como sede. En octubre de 1573, un ataque de las fuerzas españolas fue repelido en la batalla de Delft .

Después de la proclamación del Acta de Abjuración en 1581, Delft se convirtió en la capital de facto de los Países Bajos recién independizados, como sede del Príncipe de Orange .

Cuando William fue asesinado a tiros el 10 de julio de 1584 por Balthazar Gerards en la sala del Prinsenhof (ahora el Museo Prinsenhof ), el lugar de enterramiento tradicional de la familia en Breda todavía estaba en manos de los españoles. Por lo tanto, fue enterrado en Delft Nieuwe Kerk (Iglesia Nueva), iniciando una tradición para la Casa de Orange que ha continuado hasta nuestros días.

Por esta época, Delft también ocupó una posición destacada en el campo de la impresión.

Varios fabricantes italianos de loza vidriada se establecieron en la ciudad e introdujeron un nuevo estilo. La industria de la tapicería también floreció cuando el famoso fabricante François Spierincx se mudó a la ciudad. En el siglo XVII, Delft experimentó un nuevo auge, gracias a la presencia de una oficina de la Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Orientales (VOC) (inaugurada en 1602) y la fabricación de porcelana azul de Delft .

Varios artistas notables se establecieron en la ciudad, incluidos Leonard Bramer , Carel Fabritius , Pieter de Hoogh , Gerard Houckgeest , Emanuel de Witte , Jan Steen y Johannes Vermeer . Reinier de Graaf y Antonie van Leeuwenhoek recibieron atención internacional por su investigación científica.

Explosión de Delft [ editar ]

Egbert van der Poel : una vista de Delft después de la explosión de 1654

La explosión de Delft, también conocida en la historia como Delft Thunderclap, ocurrió el 12 de octubre de 1654 [12] cuando una tienda de pólvora explotó, destruyendo gran parte de la ciudad. Más de cien personas murieron y miles resultaron heridas.

Aproximadamente 30 toneladas (29,5 toneladas largas ; 33,1 toneladas cortas ) de pólvora se almacenaron en barriles en una revista en un antiguo convento de claristas en el distrito de Doelenkwartier, donde ahora se encuentra el Paardenmarkt. Cornelis Soetens, el encargado de la revista, abrió la tienda para comprobar una muestra del polvo y se produjo una gran explosión. Afortunadamente, muchos ciudadanos estaban fuera, visitando un mercado en Schiedam o una feria en La Haya .

Hoy, la explosión se recuerda principalmente por matar al alumno más prometedor de Rembrandt, Carel Fabritius , y destruir casi todas sus obras.

Delft artist Egbert van der Poel painted several pictures of Delft showing the devastation.

The gunpowder store was subsequently re-housed, a 'cannonball's distance away', outside the city, in a new building designed by architect Pieter Post.

Sights[edit]

View of Delft by Johannes Vermeer, 1660–1661
View of the horse market in Delft by Pieter Wouwerman, 1665

The city centre retains a large number of monumental buildings, while in many streets there are canals of which the banks are connected by typical bridges,[13] altogether making this city a notable tourist destination.[14]

Historical buildings and other sights of interest include:

  • Oude Kerk (Old Church). Buried here: Piet Hein, Johannes Vermeer, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek.
  • Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), constructed between 1381 and 1496. It contains the Dutch royal family's burial vault which, between funerals, is sealed with a 5,000 kg (11,020 lb) cover stone.
  • A statue of Hugo Grotius created by Franciscus Leonardus Stracké in 1886, located on the Markt near the Nieuwe Kerk.
  • The Prinsenhof (Princes' Court), now a museum.[14]
  • City Hall on the Markt.
  • The Oostpoort (Eastern gate), built around 1400. This is the only remaining gate of the old city walls.
  • The Gemeenlandshuis Delfland, or Huyterhuis, built in 1505, which has housed the Delfland regional water authority since 1645.
  • The Vermeer Centre in the re-built Guild house of St. Luke.
  • The historical "Waag" building (Weigh house).
  • Windmill De Roos, a tower mill built c.1760. Restored to working order in 2013.[15] Another windmill that formerly stood in Delft, Het Fortuyn, was dismantled in 1917 and re-erected at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland in 1920.
  • Royal Delft also known as De Porceleyne Fles, is a great place which showcases Delft ware.[16][17]
  • Science Center attracts kids as well as adults.[18][19]

  • Delft City Hall

  • Eastern Gate (Oostpoort)

  • The Old Church tower

  • Oude Langendijk

Culture[edit]

Delft blue is most famous but there are other kinds of Delftware, like this plate faience in rose

Delft is well known for the Delft pottery ceramic products[14] which were styled on the imported Chinese porcelain of the 17th century. The city had an early start in this area since it was a home port of the Dutch East India Company. It can still be seen at the pottery factories De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles (or Royal Delft) and De Delftse Pauw, while new ceramics and ceramic art can be found at the Gallery Terra Delft.[20]

The painter Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) was born in Delft. Vermeer used Delft streets and home interiors as the subject or background in his paintings.[14]Several other famous painters lived and worked in Delft at that time, such as Pieter de Hoogh, Carel Fabritius, Nicolaes Maes, Gerard Houckgeest and Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet. They were all members of the Delft School. The Delft School is known for its images of domestic life and views of households, church interiors, courtyards, squares and the streets of Delft. The painters also produced pictures showing historic events, flowers, portraits for patrons and the court as well as decorative pieces of art.

Delft supports creative arts companies. From 2001 the Bacinol [nl], a building that had been disused since 1951, began to house small companies in the creative arts sector.[citation needed] However, demolition of the building started in December 2009, making way for the construction of the new railway tunnel in Delft. The occupants of the building, as well as the name 'Bacinol', moved to another building in the city. The name Bacinol relates to Dutch penicillin research during WWII.

Education[edit]

TU Delft buildings

Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) is one of four universities of technology in the Netherlands.[21] It was founded as an academy for civil engineering in 1842 by King William II. Today well over 21,000 students are enrolled.[22]

The UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, providing postgraduate education for people from developing countries, draws on the strong tradition in water management and hydraulic engineering of the Delft university.

Economy[edit]

In the local economic field essential elements are:

  • education; (amongst others Delft University of Technology) (As of 2017 21.651 students and 4.939 full-time employees),
  • scientific research; (amongst others "TNO" Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), Stichting Deltares, Nederlands Normalisatie-Instituut, UNESCO-IHE Institute for water education, Technopolis Innovation Park;
  • tourism; (about one million registered visitors a year),
  • industry; (DSM Gist Services BV, (Delftware) earthenware production by De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles, Exact Software Nederland BV, TOPdesk, Ampelmann)
  • retail; (IKEA (Inter IKEA Systems B.V., owner and worldwide franchisor of the IKEA Concept, is based in Delft), Makro, Eneco Energy NV).

Nature and recreation[edit]

The Plantagegeer, one of Delft's several smaller city parks

East of Delft lies a relatively large nature and recreation area called the "Delftse Hout" ("Delft Wood").[23] Through the forest lie bike, horse-riding and footpaths. It also includes a vast lake (suitable for swimming and windsurfing), narrow beaches, a restaurant, and community gardens, plus camping ground and other recreational and sports facilities. (There is also a facility for renting bikes from the station.)

Inside the city, apart from a central park, there are several smaller town parks, including "Nieuwe Plantage", "Agnetapark", "Kalverbos". There is also the Botanical Garden of the TU and an arboretum in Delftse Hout.

Notable people[edit]

Self portrait of Jacob Willemsz Delff and his family, ca. 1590
Jan Vermeer van Delft, 1656
portrait of Hugo Grotius, 1631
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, ca. 1635
Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek, ca. 1680
Martinus Beijerinck, 1931
Betsy Perk
Stien Kaiser, 1968
Ria Stalman, 1982

Delft was the birthplace of:

The Dutch Golden Age[edit]

  • Jacob Willemsz Delff the Elder, (ca. 1550– 1601 in Delft) a portrait painter
  • Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt (1567–1641) a Dutch golden age painter
  • Willem van der Vliet (c. 1584–1642) a Dutch Golden Age painter
  • Adriaen van de Venne (1589–1662) a Dutch Golden Age painter
  • Adriaen Cornelisz van Linschoten (1590–1677) a Dutch Golden Age painter
  • Daniël Mijtens (ca. 1590–1647/48) a Dutch portrait painter
  • Leonaert Bramer (1596–1674) a painter of genre, religious, and history paintings
  • Anthonie Palamedes (1601–1673) a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter.
  • Pieter Jansz van Asch (1603–ca. 1678) a Dutch Golden Age painter.
  • Evert van Aelst (1602–1657) a Dutch still life painter
  • Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet (ca. 1611–1675) a Dutch golden age painter of church interiors
  • Harmen Steenwijck (ca. 1612–ca. 1656) a Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and fruit
  • Jacob Willemsz Delff the Younger (1619–1661) a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter.
  • David Beck (1621–1656) a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter
  • Egbert van der Poel (1621–1664) a Dutch Golden Age genre and landscape painter
  • Daniel Vosmaer (1622-1666) a Dutch golden age painter
  • Willem van Aelst (1627–1683) a Dutch Golden Age artist of still-lifes
  • Hendrick van der Burgh (1627–after 1664) a Dutch Golden Age genre painter
  • Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) a Dutch Baroque Period painter of domestic interior scenes
  • Ary de Milde (1634–1708) a Dutch Golden Age ceramist

Public thinking & Public Service[edit]

  • Christian van Adrichem (1533—1585) a Catholic priest and theological writer[24]
  • Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556–1623) one of the first Dutchmen in Japan
  • Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian and jurist who laid the foundations for international law
  • Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (1584–1647) the sovereign prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders & Overijssel from 1625 to 1647.
  • Philippus Baldaeus (1632–1671) a Dutch minister in Jaffna
  • Diederik Durven (1676–1740) Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1729 to 1732.
  • Abraham van der Weijden (1743-1773) a ship's captain, initiated of Freemasonry in South Africa
  • Gerrit Paape (1752–1803) a Dutch painter of earthenware and stoneware, poet, journalist, novelist, judge, columnist and finally a ministerial civil servant.
  • Aegidius van Braam (1758–1822) a Dutch naval vice-admiral
  • Agneta Matthes (1847–1909) a Dutch entrepreneur, manufactured yeast using the cooperative movement and housed the workers at Agnetapark
  • Henk Zeevalking (1922–2005) a Dutch politician and jurist
  • Piet Bukman (born 1934) a retired Dutch politician and diplomat
  • Klaas de Vries (born 1943) a retired Dutch politician and jurist
  • Atzo Nicolaï (born 1960) a retired Dutch politician
  • Marja van Bijsterveldt (born 1961) a Dutch politician, the Mayor of Delft since 2016
  • Alexander Pechtold (born 1965) a retired Dutch politician and art historian

Science & Business[edit]

  • Adolphus Vorstius (1597–1663) a Dutch physician and botanist
  • Martin van den Hove (1605–1639) astronomer and mathematician
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) father of microbiology and developer of the microscope
  • Nicolaas Kruik (1678–1754) a land surveyor, cartographer, astronomer, weatherman and eponym of the Museum De Cruquius
  • Martin van Marum (1750–1837) a Dutch physician, inventor, scientist and teacher[25]
  • Jacob Gijsbertus Samuël van Breda (1788–1867) a Dutch biologist and geologist
  • Philippe-Charles Schmerling (1791–1836) a prehistorian, geologist and pioneer in paleontology
  • Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931) microbiologist, discovered viruses, lived and worked in Delft
  • Guillaume Daniel Delprat CBE (1856–1937) a Dutch-Australian metallurgist, mining engineer and businessman
  • Frederik H. Kreuger (1928–2015) a Dutch high voltage scientist, academic and inventor
  • Marjo van der Knaap (born 1958) a professor of pediatric neurology, researches white matter
  • Peter Schrijver (born 1963) Dutch historical linguist
  • Ionica Smeets (born 1979) a mathematician, science journalist, TV presenter and academic
  • Boyan Slat (born 1994) a Dutch inventor and entrepreneur, the CEO of The Ocean Cleanup

The Arts[edit]

  • Suzanne Manet (1829–1906) a pianist, the wife of, and model for, the painter Édouard Manet
  • Betsy Perk (1833-1906) author of novels and plays; pioneer of the Dutch women's movement
  • Ton Lutz (1919–2009) & Pieter Lutz (1927–2009) brothers, Dutch actors[26]
  • Bram Bogart (1921–2012) a Belgian expressionist painter of the COBRA group
  • Cor Dam (born 1935) is a Dutch artist, sculptor, painter, illustrator and ceramist
  • Kader Abdolah (born 1954) a Persian–Dutch writer, poet and columnist
  • Michèle Van de Roer (born 1956) a French artist, designer, photographer and engraver
  • Mariska Hulscher (born 1964) a Dutch TV presenter[27]
  • Wessel van Diepen (born 1966) a radio host, music producer and former TV presenter[28]
  • Rob Das (born 1969) a Dutch film and TV actor, director and writer[29]
  • Jan-Willem van Ewijk (born 1970) a Dutch film director, actor and screenwriter[30]
  • Ricky Koole (born 1972) a Dutch singer and film actress[31]
  • Vincent de Moor (born 1973) is a Dutch trance music artist and remixer
  • Roel van Velzen (born 1978), singer
  • Marly van der Velden (born 1988) a Dutch actress and fashion designer[32]

Sport[edit]

  • Jan Thomée (1886–1954) a footballer, team bronze medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics
  • Henri van Schaik (1899–1991) a horse rider, team silver medallist in the 1936 Summer Olympics
  • Tinus Osendarp (1916–2002) a sprint runner, twice bronze medallist at the 1936 Summer Olympics
  • Stien Kaiser (born 1938), former speed skater, twice bronze medallist at the 1968 Winter Olympics and gold and silver medallist in the 1972 Winter Olympics
  • Pieter van der Kruk (born 1941) a retired Dutch heavyweight weightlifter and shot putter, competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics
  • Jan Timman (born 1951) a Dutch chess grandmaster, raised in Delft
  • Ria Stalman (born 1951) former discus thrower and shot putter, gold medallist in the discus at the 1984 Summer Olympics
  • Frank Leistra (born 1960) a former field hockey goalkeeper, team bronze medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
  • Ken Monkou (born 1964) a Dutch former football player with 356 club caps
  • Eeke van Nes (born 1969) a retired rower, team bronze medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics and team silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
  • Thamar Henneken (born 1979) a former freestyle swimmer, team silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
  • Ard van Peppen (born 1985) a Dutch professional footballer with over 350 club caps
  • Sytske de Groot (born 1986) a rower, team bronze medallist at the 2012 Summer Olympics
  • Aaron Meijers (born 1987) a Dutch professional footballer with almost 400 club caps
  • Michaëlla Krajicek (born 1989) a Dutch professional tennis player
  • Arantxa Rus (born 1990) a Dutch professional tennis player

Miscellaneous[edit]

One of the 8 different Nuna cars
  • Nuna is a series of manned solar-powered vehicles, built by students at the Delft University of Technology, that won the World solar challenge in Australia seven times in the last nine competitions (in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015 and 2017).[33]
  • The so-called "Superbus" project aims to develop high-speed coaches capable of speeds of up to 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) together with the supporting infrastructure including special highway lanes constructed separately next to the nation's highways; this project was led by Dutch astronaut professor Wubbo Ockels of the Delft University of Technology.
  • Members of both Delft Student Rowing Clubs Proteus-Eretes and Laga have won many international trophies, including Olympic medals, in the past.[34]
  • The Human Power Team Delft & Amsterdam, a team consisting mainly of students from the Delft University of Technology, has won The World Human Powered Speed Challenge (WHPSC) four times. This is an international contest for recumbents in the US state of Nevada, the aim of which is to break speed records.[35] They set the world record of 133.78 kilometres an hour (83.13 mph) in 2013.

International relations[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands

Twin towns — Sister cities[edit]

Delft is twinned with:[36]

  • Aarau, Switzerland
  • Adapazarı, Turkey
  • Castrop-Rauxel, Germany[37]
  • Estelí, Nicaragua
  • Freiberg, Germany
  • Jingdezhen, China
  • Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
  • Pretoria, South Africa
  • Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Transport[edit]

  • Delft railway station; (As of February 2015, located in a new building.)[38]
  • Delft Campus railway station

Trains stopping at these stations connect Delft with, among others, the nearby cities of Rotterdam and The Hague, as often as every five minutes, for most of the day.

There are several bus routes from Delft to similar destinations. Trams frequently travel between Delft and The Hague via special double tracks crossing the city.

See also[edit]

  • Delftware
  • Delft School (Dutch Golden Age painting)
  • Dutch Golden Age
  • List of films set in Delft
  • RandstadRail
  • Tanthof

Gallery[edit]

Delft city view
"Gemeenlandshuis"
Nieuwe Kerk (New Church)
Legermuseum (Army museum)
Central Market Square
City sight ("Vrouw Juttenland")
Huybrechtstower
"Koornbeurs"
Observatory
Former station building
New station building
Main canal "Delftse Schie" at sundown
Sculpture near the church
Streetview (het Oosteinde)
Streetview (Dertienhuizen)
Lutherse Kerk

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ "Maak kennis met" [Meet.]. Burgermeester Verkerk (in Dutch). Gemeente Delft. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Postcodetool for 2611GX". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  4. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  5. ^ Huerta, Robert D.: Giants of Delft: Johannes Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers: The Parallel Search for Knowledge during the Age of Discovery. (Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 2003)
  6. ^ Brook, Timothy: Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World. (Bloomsbury Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1596915992)
  7. ^ Liedtke, Walter; Plomp, Michiel C.; Ruger, Axel; Baarsen, Reinier J.: Vermeer and the Delft School. (NYC: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2013, ISBN 978-0300200294)
  8. ^ Snyder, Laura J.: Eye of the Beholder: Johannes Vermeer, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, and the Reinvention of Seeing. (W. W. Norton & Company, 2015, ISBN 978-0393352887)
  9. ^ Ruestow, Edward G.: The Microscope in the Dutch Republic: The Shaping of Discovery. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
  10. ^ Fournier, Marian: The Fabric of Life: The Rise and Decline of Seventeenth-Century Microscopy. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0801851384)
  11. ^ Artenstein, Andrew W.: The discovery of viruses: advancing science and medicine by challenging dogma. (International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue 7, July 2012, pages: e470-e473). doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.03.005. Andrew W. Artenstein: "By 1895 Beijerinck had returned to academia after leaving the Agricultural School for a 10-year stint in industrial microbiology in Delft, the South Holland birthplace of van Leeuwenhoek, one of the founding fathers of microbiology. During his first years at the Technical University of Delft, Beijerinck resumed the research on tobacco mosaic disease that he had started while working with Mayer. Even then, he had appreciated that the affliction was microbial in nature, although he felt that the actual agents had yet to be discovered. Beijerinck's investigations at Delft proved fruitful; he not only confirmed the infectivity of the contagium vivum fluidum—soluble living germ—despite filtration, but he importantly demonstrated that unlike bacteria, the culprit of tobacco disease of plants was incapable of independent growth, requiring the presence of living, dividing host cells in order to replicate."
  12. ^ "The Day the World Came to an End: the Great Delft Thunderclap of 1654". October 14, 2004.
  13. ^ Bridges in Delft
  14. ^ a b c d Martin Dunford (2010). The Rough Guide to The Netherlands. Penguin. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-84836-882-8. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  15. ^ "Delft, Zuid-Holland" (in Dutch). Molendatabase. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  16. ^ "Royal Delft. Ontdek de wereld van koninklijk Delfts Blauw". www.royaldelft.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
  17. ^ "Welcome to delfthuis.com". delfthuis.com.
  18. ^ "Science Centre Delft". TU Delft (in Dutch). Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  19. ^ "Museumkids". Museumkids.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  20. ^ Kitty Kilian, "10 jaar galerie Terra; Keramisch gezicht op Delft." NRC Handelsblad, 23 May 1996.
  21. ^ "4TU.Federation". 4tu.nl.
  22. ^ "Studentenpopulatie". TU Delft.
  23. ^ "Category:Delftse Hout". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  24. ^ "Christian Kruik van Adrichem" . Catholic Encyclopedia. 01. 1907.
  25. ^ "Marum, Martin van" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). 1911.
  26. ^ "Ton Lutz". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Mariska Hulscher". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  28. ^ "Wessel van Diepen". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  29. ^ "Rob Das". IMDb.
  30. ^ "Jan-Willem van Ewijk". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  31. ^ "Ricky Koole". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  32. ^ "Marly van der Velden". IMDb. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  33. ^ "World Solar Challenge 2017". worldsolarchallenge.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  34. ^ List of trophies won by Proteus-Eretes members
  35. ^ "The Recumbent Bicycle and Human Powered Vehicle Information Center". recumbents.com.
  36. ^ (source: Delft municipality guide 2005)
  37. ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District" (PDF). © 2009 www.twins2010.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-28. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
  38. ^ "Category:Spoorzone-project". Retrieved 6 May 2015.

References[edit]

  • Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.

Further reading[edit]

See also: Bibliography of the history of Delft
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Delft" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Vermeer: A View of Delft, Anthony Bailey, Henry Holt & Company, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-6718-3

External links[edit]

  • Municipal Website of Delft
  • Radio Netherlands: The day the world came to an end
  • National Gallery, London: A View of Delft after the Explosion of 1654
  • TU Delft Develop Ambulance Drone