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Ahenobarbus was a cognomen used by a plebeian branch of the gens Domitia in the late Roman Republic and early Empire.[1] The name means "red-beard" (literally, "bronze-beard") in Latin. According to legend, Castor and Pollux announced to one of their ancestors the victory of the Romans over the Latins at the battle of Lake Regillus, and, to confirm the truth of what they had just said, they stroked his black hair and beard, which immediately became red.[2][3][4][5]
List of Ahenobarbi
Notable Ahenobarbi include:
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 192 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 162 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC), son of the same named consul of 122 BC.
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 94 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (died 81 BC)
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 BC), son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC), supporter of Pompey and character in Lucan's Pharsalia
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (praetor 50 BC)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 BC). A fictionalized version of this Ahenobarbus appears in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra under the name of "Enobarbus"
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC), only child of the above Gnaeus Domitius and Aemilia Lepida, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Nero, maternal grandfather of Valeria Messalina (third wife of the emperor Claudius)
- Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32), father of the Emperor Nero and maternal uncle to Valeria Messalina
- The Emperor Nero was born in AD 37 to the Domitius above as Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (named after Domitius's father Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC)). He was adopted by Claudius in 50 as official heir to the throne, becoming Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus and then Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. He was the only child of Agrippina the Younger through her first marriage to Domitius, and through her, he was great-great grandson of the Emperor Augustus, great-grandnephew and adoptive great-grandson of the Emperor Tiberius, nephew of the Emperor Caligula, as well as great-nephew and stepson of the Emperor Claudius.
Family tree
'The family tree below shows relationships between the Ahenobarbus branch of the gens Domitia to the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 192 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 162 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC) | Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 94 BC) | Atia Balba Caesonia | Gaius Octavius | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (died 81 BC) | Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 BC) | Julia | Marcus Antonius Creticus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aemilia Lepida | Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 BC) | Octavia the Younger | Mark Antony | Fulvia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC) | Antonia Major | Iullus Antonius | Marcus Antonius Antyllus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domitia Lepida the Elder | Domitia Lepida the Younger | Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus | Tiberius Nero | Livia Drusilla | Augustus | Scribonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Antonia Minor | Nero Claudius Drusus | Tiberius | Julia the Elder | Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marcus Valerius Messala Corvinus (consul 58) | Germanicus | Agrippina the Elder | Gaius Caesar | Julia the Younger | Lucius Caesar | Agrippa Postumus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32) | Agrippina the Younger | Claudius | Valeria Messalina | Livilla (sister of Claudius) | Drusus Julius Caesar | Drusilla (sister of Caligula) | Livilla (sister of Caligula) | Drusus Caesar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poppaea Sabina | Emperor Nero (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) | Claudia Octavia | Britannicus | Tiberius Gemellus | Germanicus Gemellus | Julia Livia | Nero (son of Germanicus) | Caligula | Milonia Caesonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Claudia Augusta | Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- Domitia, for a list of women from the gens Domitia
- Domitius (disambiguation)
References
- ^ Smith, William (1867), "Ahenobarbus", in Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, pp. 83–84, archived from the original on 2011-05-14, retrieved 2008-06-09
- ^ Suetonius, Nero 1
- ^ Plutarch, Aemil. 25
- ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, vi. 13
- ^ Tertullian, Apol. 22
Sources
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Ahenobarbus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Ahenobarbus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.