La Premier League , a menudo denominada exónimamente como la Premier League inglesa o la EPL (nombre legal: The Football Association Premier League Limited ), es el nivel superior del sistema de la liga de fútbol inglesa . Disputado por 20 clubes, opera en un sistema de ascenso y descenso con la English Football League (EFL). Las temporadas van de agosto a mayo con cada equipo jugando 38 partidos (jugando los otros 19 equipos tanto en casa como fuera). [1] La mayoría de los partidos se juegan los sábados y domingos por la tarde.
Fundado | 20 de febrero de 1992 |
---|---|
País | Inglaterra |
Confederación | UEFA |
Numero de equipos | 20 |
Nivel en pirámide | 1 |
Relegación a | Campeonato de EFL |
Copa (s) nacional | |
Copa (s) de liga | Copa EFL |
Copa (s) internacional | |
Campeones actuales | Manchester City (quinto título) ( 2020-21 ) |
La mayoría de campeonatos | Manchester United (13 títulos) |
La mayoría de las apariciones | Gareth Barry (653) |
Máximo goleador | Alan Shearer (260) |
Socios de TV |
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Sitio web | premierleague.com |
Actual: Premier League 2021-22 |
La competición se fundó como FA Premier League el 20 de febrero de 1992 tras la decisión de los clubes de la Primera División de la Football League de separarse de la Football League , fundada en 1888, y aprovechar un lucrativo acuerdo de derechos de televisión. [2] El acuerdo valía alrededor de £ 1 mil millones al año a nivel nacional a partir de 2013-14, con Sky y BT Group asegurando los derechos nacionales para transmitir 116 y 38 juegos, respectivamente. [3] La liga es una corporación en la que los clubes miembros actúan como accionistas y genera 2.200 millones de euros al año en derechos de televisión nacionales e internacionales. [4] Los clubes recibieron ingresos por pagos centrales de £ 2.4 mil millones en 2016-17, con otros £ 343 millones en pagos solidarios a los clubes de la Liga de Fútbol Inglesa (EFL). [5]
La Premier League es la liga deportiva más vista del mundo, se transmite en 212 territorios a 643 millones de hogares y una audiencia televisiva potencial de 4.700 millones de personas. [6] [7] Para la temporada 2018-19, la asistencia promedio a los partidos de la Premier League fue de 38,181, [8] segundo después de los 43,500 de la Bundesliga , [9] mientras que la asistencia total en todos los partidos es la más alta de cualquier liga con 14,508,981. [10] La mayoría de los estadios están cerca de su capacidad. [11] La Premier League ocupa el primer lugar en los coeficientes de ligas de la UEFA según el rendimiento en las competiciones europeas durante las últimas cinco temporadas a partir de 2021. [12] La máxima categoría inglesa ha producido el segundo número más alto de UEFA Champions League / European Títulos de Copa , con cinco clubes ingleses que han ganado catorce trofeos europeos en total.
Cuarenta y nueve clubes han competido desde el inicio de la Premier League en 1992: cuarenta y siete clubes ingleses y dos galeses . Siete de ellos se han alzado con el título: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Manchester City (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) y Liverpool (1). [13]
Historia
Orígenes
A pesar del importante éxito europeo en los años setenta y principios de los ochenta, finales de los ochenta marcaron un punto bajo para el fútbol inglés. Los estadios se derrumbaban, los aficionados soportaban instalaciones deficientes, el vandalismo abundaba y los clubes ingleses habían sido excluidos de la competición europea durante cinco años tras el desastre del estadio Heysel en 1985. [14] La Primera División de la Liga de Fútbol , el nivel más alto del fútbol inglés desde 1888. , estaba detrás de ligas como la Serie A de Italia y La Liga de España en asistencias e ingresos, y varios de los mejores jugadores ingleses se habían mudado al extranjero. [15]
A comienzos de la década de 1990, la tendencia a la baja comenzaba a revertirse. En la Copa Mundial de la FIFA de 1990 , Inglaterra alcanzó las semifinales; La UEFA , el organismo rector del fútbol europeo, levantó la prohibición de cinco años de que los clubes ingleses jueguen en competiciones europeas en 1990, lo que provocó que el Manchester United levantara la Recopa de la UEFA en 1991. El Informe Taylor sobre las normas de seguridad de los estadios, que proponía costosas mejoras a crear estadios para todos los asientos después del desastre de Hillsborough , se publicó en enero de 1990. [16]
Durante la década de 1980, los principales clubes ingleses habían comenzado a transformarse en empresas comerciales, aplicando principios comerciales a la administración de clubes para maximizar los ingresos. Martin Edwards del Manchester United , Irving Scholar del Tottenham Hotspur y David Dein del Arsenal estuvieron entre los líderes en esta transformación. [17] El imperativo comercial llevó a los mejores clubes a buscar aumentar su poder y sus ingresos: los clubes de la División Uno amenazaron con separarse de la Liga de Fútbol y, al hacerlo, lograron aumentar su poder de voto y obtener una situación financiera más favorable. acuerdo, tomando una participación del 50% de todos los ingresos de televisión y patrocinio en 1986. [17] Exigieron que las compañías de televisión pagaran más por su cobertura de partidos de fútbol, [18] y los ingresos de la televisión aumentaron en importancia. La Football League recibió £ 6,3 millones por un acuerdo de dos años en 1986, pero en 1988, en un acuerdo acordado con ITV , el precio subió a £ 44 millones durante cuatro años y los clubes líderes se llevaron el 75% del efectivo. [19] [20] Según Scholar, quien participó en las negociaciones de acuerdos de televisión, cada uno de los clubes de Primera División recibió solo alrededor de £ 25,000 por año de derechos de televisión antes de 1986, esto aumentó a alrededor de £ 50,000 en la negociación de 1986, luego a 600.000 libras esterlinas en 1988. [21] Las negociaciones de 1988 se llevaron a cabo bajo la amenaza de que diez clubes se marcharan para formar una "superliga", pero finalmente fueron persuadidos de quedarse, y los mejores clubes se llevaron la mayor parte del trato. [19] [22] [23] Las negociaciones también convencieron a los clubes más grandes de que para recibir suficientes votos, necesitaban llevarse toda la Primera División con ellos en lugar de una "superliga" más pequeña. [24] A principios de la década de 1990, los grandes clubes consideraron nuevamente la posibilidad de separarse, especialmente ahora que tenían que financiar el costo de la mejora del estadio como lo proponía el Informe Taylor. [25]
En 1990, el director gerente de London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke , se reunió con los representantes de los "cinco grandes" clubes de fútbol de Inglaterra (Manchester United, Liverpool , Tottenham Hotspur, Everton y Arsenal) durante una cena. [26] La reunión fue para allanar el camino para una ruptura de la Liga de Fútbol . [27] Dyke creía que sería más lucrativo para LWT si solo los clubes más grandes del país aparecieran en la televisión nacional y quisiera establecer si los clubes estarían interesados en una mayor parte del dinero de los derechos de televisión. [28] Los cinco clubes estuvieron de acuerdo con la sugerencia y decidieron seguir adelante con ella; sin embargo, la liga no tendría credibilidad sin el respaldo de la Asociación de Fútbol , por lo que David Dein del Arsenal sostuvo conversaciones para ver si la FA estaba receptiva a la idea. La FA no disfrutaba de una relación amistosa con la Football League en ese momento y la consideró como una forma de debilitar la posición de la Football League. [29] La FA publicó un informe en junio de 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football , que apoyaba el plan de la Premier League con FA, la máxima autoridad que supervisaría la liga separatista. [24]
Fundación (década de 1990)
Al final de la temporada 1990-1991, se presentó una propuesta para el establecimiento de una nueva liga que traería más dinero al juego en general. El Acuerdo de Miembros Fundadores, firmado el 17 de julio de 1991 por los clubes de primer nivel del juego, estableció los principios básicos para la creación de la FA Premier League. [30] La división superior recién formada iba a tener independencia comercial de la Asociación de Fútbol y la Liga de Fútbol, dando a la FA Premier League licencia para negociar sus propios acuerdos de transmisión y patrocinio . El argumento que se dio en ese momento fue que los ingresos adicionales permitirían a los clubes ingleses competir con equipos de toda Europa. [15] Aunque Dyke jugó un papel importante en la creación de la Premier League, él e ITV (de la cual LWT fue parte) perdieron en la licitación por los derechos de transmisión: BSkyB ganó con una oferta de £ 304 millones durante cinco años, con la BBC otorgó el paquete de lo más destacado transmitido en Match of the Day . [26] [28]
Los clubes de Primera División dimitieron en masa de la Liga de Fútbol en 1992, y el 27 de mayo de ese año se formó la FA Premier League como una sociedad limitada , trabajando desde una oficina en la entonces sede de la Asociación de Fútbol en Lancaster Gate . [15] Los 22 miembros inaugurales de la nueva Premier League fueron:
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Esto significó una disolución de la Football League de 104 años que había operado hasta entonces con cuatro divisiones; la Premier League operaría con una sola división y la Football League con tres. No hubo cambios en el formato de la competencia; el mismo número de equipos compitió en la máxima categoría, y el ascenso y descenso entre la Premier League y la nueva Primera División se mantuvo igual que las antiguas Primera y Segunda Divisiones con tres equipos descendidos de la liga y tres ascendidos. [23]
La liga celebró su primera temporada en 1992-93 . Estaba compuesto por 22 clubes para esa temporada. El primer gol de la Premier League lo marcó Brian Deane del Sheffield United en la victoria por 2-1 contra el Manchester United. [32] Luton Town , Notts County y West Ham United fueron los tres equipos relegados de la antigua Primera División al final de la temporada 1991-92 y no participaron en la temporada inaugural de la Premier League. [33]
Dominio de "los cuatro primeros" (década de 2000)
Estación | ARS | CHE | LIV | MUN |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000-01 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
2001-02 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 |
2002-03 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
2003-04 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
2004-05 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
2005-06 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
2006-07 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
2007-08 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
2008-09 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
2009-10 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 2 |
Los cuatro primeros | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 |
de 10 | ||||
Campeones de la liga Fase de grupos de la Champions League Tercera ronda de clasificación / play-off de la Champions League Primera ronda de clasificación de la Champions League Copa de la UEFA / Europa League |
La década de 2000 vio el dominio de los llamados clubes "Top Four" . Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool y Manchester United [34] [35] terminaron en lo más alto de la tabla durante la mayor parte de la década, garantizando así la clasificación para la UEFA Champions League . Solo otros cuatro clubes lograron clasificar para la competencia durante este período: Leeds United ( 1999-2000 ), Newcastle United ( 2001-02 y 2002-03 ), Everton ( 2004-05 ) y Tottenham Hotspur ( 2009-10 ), cada uno ocupando el puesto final de la Liga de Campeones, con la excepción de Newcastle en la temporada 2002-03, que terminó tercero.
Después de la temporada 2003-04 , el Arsenal adquirió el apodo de " Los Invencibles ", ya que se convirtió en el primer club en completar una campaña de la Premier League sin perder un solo juego, la única vez que esto ha sucedido en la Premier League. [36] [37]
En mayo de 2008, Kevin Keegan declaró que el dominio del "Top Four" amenazaba a la división: "Esta liga está en peligro de convertirse en una de las más aburridas pero grandes ligas del mundo". [38] El director ejecutivo de la Premier League, Richard Scudamore, dijo en defensa: "Hay muchas peleas diferentes que suceden en la Premier League dependiendo de si estás en la cima, en el medio o en la parte inferior que la hacen interesante. " [39]
Entre 2005 y 2012 hubo un representante de la Premier League en siete de las ocho finales de la Liga de Campeones , y solo los clubes "Top Four" llegaron a esa etapa. Liverpool ( 2005 ), Manchester United ( 2008 ) y Chelsea ( 2012 ) ganaron la competencia durante este período, con Arsenal ( 2006 ), Liverpool ( 2007 ), Chelsea ( 2008 ) y Manchester United ( 2009 y 2011 ) todos perdiendo finales de la Liga de Campeones. . [40] El Leeds United fue el único equipo no "Top Four" que alcanzó las semifinales de la Liga de Campeones, en la temporada 2000-01 . Hubo tres equipos de la Premier League en las semifinales de la Liga de Campeones en 2006-07 , 2007-09 y 2008-09 , una hazaña que solo se logró en cinco ocasiones (junto con la Serie A en 2002-03 y La Liga en 1999-2000 ).
Además, entre las temporadas 1999-2000 y 2009-10, cuatro equipos de la Premier League llegaron a la final de la Copa de la UEFA o la Europa League , y sólo el Liverpool logró ganar la competición en 2001 . Arsenal ( 2000 ), Middlesbrough ( 2006 ) y Fulham ( 2010 ) perdieron sus finales. [41]
Aunque el dominio del grupo se redujo hasta cierto punto después de este período con la aparición del Manchester City y el Tottenham, en términos de puntos ganados de todos los tiempos en la Premier League, siguen siendo claros por cierto margen. Al final de la temporada 2018-19, la vigésimo séptima temporada de la Premier League, el Liverpool, en el cuarto lugar en la tabla de puntos de todos los tiempos, estaba más de 250 puntos por delante del siguiente equipo, Tottenham Hotspur. También son los únicos equipos que mantienen un promedio de victorias de más del 50% durante toda su gestión en la Premier League. [42]
Aparición de los "seis grandes" (década de 2010)
Estación | ARS | CHE | LIV | MCI | MUN | NENE |
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2010-11 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
2011-12 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
2012-13 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
2013-14 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 |
2014-15 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
2015–16 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
2016-17 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 |
2017-18 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
2018-19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
2019-20 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
Los cuatro primeros | 6 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 5 |
Los seis primeros | 9 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
de 10 | ||||||
Campeones de la liga Fase de grupos de la Champions League Ronda de play-off de la Champions League Liga Europea |
Los años posteriores a 2009 marcaron un cambio en la estructura del "Top Four" con Tottenham Hotspur y Manchester City entrando en los cuatro primeros lugares de forma regular, convirtiendo a los "Top Four" en los " Big Six ". [43] En la temporada 2009-10 , Tottenham terminó cuarto y se convirtió en el primer equipo en romper los cuatro primeros desde Everton cinco años antes. [44] Las críticas a la brecha entre un grupo de élite de "súper clubes" y la mayoría de la Premier League han continuado, sin embargo, debido a su creciente capacidad para gastar más que los otros clubes de la Premier League. [45] Manchester City ganó el título en la temporada 2011-12 , convirtiéndose en el primer club fuera de los "Cuatro Grandes" en ganar desde Blackburn Rovers en la temporada 1994-95 . Esa temporada también vio a dos de los "Cuatro Grandes" (Chelsea y Liverpool) terminar fuera de los cuatro primeros lugares por primera vez desde esa temporada. [43]
Con solo cuatro plazas de clasificación para la UEFA Champions League disponibles en la liga, ahora existe una mayor competencia por la clasificación, aunque a partir de una reducida base de seis clubes. En las cinco temporadas posteriores a la campaña 2011-12, Manchester United y Liverpool se encontraron fuera de los cuatro primeros tres veces, mientras que Chelsea terminó décimo en la temporada 2015-16. El Arsenal terminó quinto en 2016-17 , poniendo fin a su racha récord de 20 resultados consecutivos entre los cuatro primeros. [46]
En la temporada 2015-16 , un equipo que no pertenecía al Big Six superó a los cuatro primeros por primera vez desde el Everton en 2005. El Leicester City fue el sorpresivo ganador de la liga, clasificándose para la Liga de Campeones como resultado. [47]
Club | Top 6 acabados |
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ciudad de Manchester | 10 |
Tottenham | 10 |
Chelsea | 9 |
Arsenal | 9 |
Manchester unido | 9 |
Liverpool | 7 |
Leicester City | 2 |
Everton | 2 |
Southampton | 1 |
Newcastle | 1 |
Fuera de la cancha, los "Seis Grandes" ejercen una influencia y un poder financiero significativos, y estos clubes argumentan que deberían tener derecho a una mayor participación en los ingresos debido a la mayor estatura de sus clubes a nivel mundial y al fútbol atractivo que pretenden jugar. [48] Los objetantes argumentan que la estructura de ingresos igualitaria en la Premier League ayuda a mantener una liga competitiva que es vital para su éxito futuro. [49] El informe de la Liga del Dinero de Fútbol de Deloitte 2016-17 mostró la disparidad financiera entre los "Seis Grandes" y el resto de la división. Todos los "Big Six" tuvieron ingresos superiores a 350 millones de euros, siendo el Manchester United el que registró los mayores ingresos de la liga con 676,3 millones de euros. El Leicester City fue el club más cercano al "Big Six" en términos de ingresos, registrando una cifra de 271,1 millones de euros para esa temporada, ayudado por la participación en la Liga de Campeones. El octavo mayor generador de ingresos, West Ham, que no jugó en la competición europea, tuvo ingresos de 213,3 millones de euros, casi la mitad de los del club con el quinto mayor ingreso, Liverpool (424,2 millones de euros). [50] Una parte sustancial de los ingresos de los clubes para entonces provenían de acuerdos de transmisión televisiva, y los clubes más grandes obtenían cada uno de alrededor de £ 150 millones a casi £ 200 millones en la temporada 2016-17 de tales acuerdos. [51] En el informe de 2019 de Deloitte , todos los "Big Six" estaban entre los diez primeros de los clubes más ricos del mundo. [52]
2020
Estación | ARS | CHE | LIV | MCI | MUN | NENE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020-21 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
Los cuatro primeros | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Los seis primeros | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
de 1 | ||||||
Campeones de la liga Fase de grupos de la Champions League Liga Europea |
A partir de la temporada 2019-20 , se utilizaron árbitros asistentes de vídeo en la liga. [53]
Project Big Picture se anunció en octubre de 2020 que describía un plan para reunir a los mejores clubes de la Premier League con la English Football League , propuesto por los principales clubes de la Premier League, Manchester United y Liverpool . [54] Ha sido criticado por el liderazgo de la Premier League y el Departamento de Cultura, Medios y Deporte del gobierno del Reino Unido . [55]
El 26 de abril de 2021, en un partido entre Leicester City y Crystal Palace, el juego se detuvo para permitir a los jugadores Wesley Fofana y Cheikhou Kouyaté romper el ayuno del Ramadán . Se cree que es la primera vez en la historia de la Premier League que se pausa un juego para permitir que los jugadores musulmanes coman y beban después de la puesta de sol, de acuerdo con las reglas de la fe. [56]
Estructura corporativa
La Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) [57] [58] [59] funciona como una corporación y es propiedad de los 20 clubes miembros. Cada club es un accionista , con un voto cada uno sobre temas como cambios en las reglas y contratos. Los clubes eligen un presidente, un director ejecutivo y una junta directiva para supervisar las operaciones diarias de la liga. [60] La Asociación de Fútbol no participa directamente en las operaciones diarias de la Premier League, pero tiene poder de veto como accionista especial durante la elección del presidente y director ejecutivo y cuando la liga adopta nuevas reglas. [61]
El presidente actual es Sir Dave Richards , quien fue nombrado en abril de 1999, y el director ejecutivo es Richard Masters, quien fue designado en diciembre de 2019 y sucede a Richard Scudamore , quien ocupó el cargo desde noviembre de 1999 hasta su jubilación en noviembre de 2019. [62] El ex presidente y director ejecutivo, John Quinton y Peter Leaver , se vieron obligados a dimitir en marzo de 1999 tras adjudicar contratos de consultoría a los ex ejecutivos de Sky, Sam Chisholm y David Chance. [63] Rick Parry fue el primer director ejecutivo de la liga. [64] El 13 de noviembre de 2018, Susanna Dinnage fue anunciada como la sucesora de Scudamore que comenzaría a principios de 2019. [65]
La Premier League envía representantes a la Asociación Europea de Clubes de la UEFA , el número de clubes y los propios clubes elegidos de acuerdo con los coeficientes de la UEFA . Para la temporada 2012-13, la Premier League tiene 10 representantes en la Asociación: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United y Tottenham Hotspur. [66] La Asociación Europea de Clubes es responsable de elegir a tres miembros del Comité de Competiciones de Clubes de la UEFA, que participa en las operaciones de las competiciones de la UEFA como la Champions League y la UEFA Europa League . [67]
Formato de competencia
Competencia
Hay 20 clubes en la Premier League. Durante el transcurso de una temporada (de agosto a mayo), cada club juega contra los demás dos veces (un sistema doble de todos contra todos ), una en su estadio de casa y otra en el de sus oponentes, durante 38 partidos. Los equipos reciben tres puntos por una victoria y un punto por un empate. No se otorgan puntos por una pérdida. Los equipos se clasifican según el total de puntos, luego la diferencia de goles y luego los goles marcados. Si sigue igual, se considera que los equipos ocupan la misma posición. Si hay un empate por el campeonato, por el descenso o por la clasificación a otras competiciones, un partido de desempate en un lugar neutral decide el rango. [68]
Promoción y descenso
Existe un sistema de ascenso y descenso entre la Premier League y el Campeonato de EFL . Los tres equipos peor ubicados en la Premier League son relegados al Campeonato, y los dos mejores equipos del Campeonato ascendieron a la Premier League, [69] con un equipo adicional ascendido después de una serie de play-offs que involucran al tercero, cuarto, clubes de quinto y sexto lugar. [70] El número de clubes se redujo de 22 a 20 en 1995 , cuando cuatro equipos fueron relegados de la liga y solo dos equipos ascendieron. [71] [72] La máxima categoría solo se había expandido a 22 equipos al comienzo de la temporada 1991-92, el año anterior a la formación de la Premier League. [72]
El 8 de junio de 2006, la FIFA solicitó que todas las grandes ligas europeas, incluidas la Serie A de Italia y La Liga de España , se redujeran a 18 equipos para el comienzo de la temporada 2007-08 . La Premier League respondió anunciando su intención de resistir tal reducción. [73] En última instancia, la temporada 2007-08 comenzó de nuevo con 20 equipos. [74]
Clubs
50 clubes han jugado en la Premier League desde sus inicios en 1992, hasta la temporada 2021-22 inclusive . [75]
Campeones
Club | Títulos | Temporadas ganadoras |
---|---|---|
Manchester unido | 13 | 1992–93 , 1993–94 , 1995–96 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 , 1999–2000 , 2000–01 , 2002–03 , 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 , 2010–11 , 2012– 13 |
Chelsea | 5 | 2004-05 , 2005-06 , 2009-10 , 2014-15 , 2016-17 |
ciudad de Manchester | 5 | 2011-12 , 2013-14 , 2017-18 , 2018-19 , 2020-21 |
Arsenal | 3 | 1997–98 , 2001–02 , 2003–04 |
Blackburn Rovers | 1 | 1994-1995 |
Leicester City | 1 | 2015–16 |
Liverpool | 1 | 2019-20 |
Temporada 2021-22
Veinte clubes compiten en la Premier League 2021-22, con tres ascendidos del Campeonato :
2021–22 Club | Posición 2020-21 | Primera temporada en primera división | Primera temporada en Premier League | Temporadas en primera división | Temporadas en la Premier League | Primera temporada del hechizo actual en la primera división | Títulos superiores de la división | Título de la primera división más reciente |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arsenal [a] [b] | Octavo | 1904-05 | 1992-1993 | 105 | 30 | 1919-20 | 13 | 2003-04 |
Aston Villa [a] [c] | 11º | 1888-1889 | 1992-1993 | 108 | 27 | 2019-20 | 7 | 1980–81 |
Brentford [b] | 3er ( CS ) | 1935-1936 | 2021–22 | 6 | 1 | 2021–22 | 0 | - |
Brighton y Hove Albion [b] | 16 ° | 1979-1980 | 2017-18 | 9 | 5 | 2017-18 | 0 | - |
Burnley [c] | 17 | 1888-1889 | 2009-10 | 59 | 8 | 2016-17 | 2 | 1959-1960 |
Chelsea [a] [b] | Cuarto | 1907-08 | 1992-1993 | 87 | 30 | 1989-1990 | 6 | 2016-17 |
Crystal Palace [a] | 14 | 1969-1970 | 1992-1993 | 22 | 13 | 2013-14 | 0 | - |
Everton [a] [b] [c] | Décimo | 1888-1889 | 1992-1993 | 119 | 30 | 1954-1955 | 9 | 1986-1987 |
Leeds United [a] | Noveno | 1924–25 | 1992-1993 | 52 | 14 | 2020-21 | 3 | 1991-1992 |
Leicester City | 5th | 1908–09 | 1994–95 | 53 | 16 | 2014–15 | 1 | 2015–16 |
Liverpool[a][b] | 3rd | 1894–95 | 1992–93 | 107 | 30 | 1962–63 | 19 | 2019–20 |
Manchester City[a] | 1st | 1899–1900 | 1992–93 | 93 | 25 | 2002–03 | 7 | 2020–21 |
Manchester United[a][b] | 2nd | 1892–93 | 1992–93 | 97 | 30 | 1975–76 | 20 | 2012–13 |
Newcastle United | 12th | 1898–99 | 1993–94 | 90 | 27 | 2017–18 | 4 | 1926–27 |
Norwich City[a] | 1st (CS) | 1972–73 | 1992–93 | 28 | 10 | 2021–22 | 0 | – |
Southampton[a] | 15th | 1966–67 | 1992–93 | 45 | 23 | 2012–13 | 0 | – |
Tottenham Hotspur[a][b] | 7th | 1909–10 | 1992–93 | 87 | 30 | 1978–79 | 2 | 1960–61 |
Watford | 2nd (CS) | 1982–83 | 1999–2000 | 14 | 8 | 2021–22 | 0 | – |
West Ham United | 6th | 1923–24 | 1993–94 | 64 | 26 | 2012–13 | 0 | – |
Wolverhampton Wanderers[c] | 13th | 1888–89 | 2003–04 | 67 | 8 | 2018–19 | 3 | 1958–59 |
- Fulham, West Bromwich Albion and Sheffield United were relegated to the EFL Championship for the 2021–22 season, while Norwich City, Watford and Brentford, as winners, runners-up and play-off final winners respectively, were promoted from the 2020–21 season.
- Brighton & Hove Albion are the only club to have remained in the Premier League since their first promotion, having been in 5 seasons (out of 30).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Founding member of the Premier League
- ^ a b c d e f g h Never been relegated from Premier League
- ^ a b c d One of the original twelve Football League teams
London Aston Villa Brighton & Hove Albion Burnley Everton Leeds United Leicester City Liverpool Manchester City Manchester United Newcastle United Norwich City Southampton Watford Wolverhampton Wanderers London teams: Arsenal Brentford Chelsea Crystal Palace Tottenham Hotspur West Ham United
| Arsenal Brentford Chelsea Crystal Palace TottenhamHotspur West Ham United
|
Non-English clubs
In 2011, after Swansea City gained promotion, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time.[76][77] The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.[78] The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion,[79] but they were relegated after their maiden season.[80] Cardiff were promoted again in 2017–18 but the number of Welsh clubs remained the same for the 2018–19 Premier League season, for Swansea City were relegated from the Premier League in 2017–18.[81] Following Cardiff City's relegation after the 2018–19 season, there are currently no Welsh clubs participating in the Premier League.[82]
Because they are members of the Football Association of Wales (FAW), the question of whether clubs like Swansea should represent England or Wales in European competitions has caused long-running discussions in UEFA. Swansea took one of England's three available places in the Europa League in 2013–14 by winning the League Cup in 2012–13.[83] The right of Welsh clubs to take up such English places was in doubt until UEFA clarified the matter in March 2012, allowing them to participate.[84]
Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.[85][86][87][88] Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.[89]
Competiciones internacionales
Qualification for European competitions
Qualification criteria for 2020–21
The top four teams in the Premier League qualify for the subsequent season's UEFA Champions League group stage. The winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League may earn an additional qualification for the subsequent season's UEFA Champions League group stage if they are not in the top four. If this means six Premier League teams qualify, then the fourth-placed team in the Premier League instead plays in the UEFA Europa League, for any single nation is limited to a maximum of five teams in UCL.
The fifth-placed team in the Premier League, as well as the winner of the FA Cup, qualifies for the subsequent season's UEFA Europa League group stage, but if the winner also finished in the top five places in the Premier League or has won one of UEFA's major tournaments, then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth. The winner of the EFL Cup qualifies for the subsequent season's UEFA Europa League second qualifying round, but if the winner already qualified for a UEFA competition via their performance in another competition, then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth in the Premier League, or seventh if the FA Cup result already caused the sixth-placed team to qualify.[90]
The number of places allocated to English clubs in UEFA competitions is dependent upon the position a country holds in the UEFA country coefficients, which are calculated based upon the performance of teams in UEFA competitions in the previous five years. Currently the ranking of England (and de facto the Premier League) is second, behind Spain.
Rank 2020 | Rank 2019 | Change | League | 2015–16 | 2016–17 | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | Coefficient | Places in UEFA Champions League | Places in UEFA Europa League | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GS | PO | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | PQ | GS | PO | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | PQ | ||||||||||
1 | 1 | = | Spain | 23.928 | 20.142 | 19.714 | 19.571 | 18.928 | 102.283 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
2 | 2 | = | England | 14.250 | 14.928 | 20.071 | 22.642 | 18.571 | 90.462 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
3 | 4 | = | Germany | 16.428 | 14.571 | 9.857 | 15.214 | 18.714 | 74.784 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
4 | 3 | = | Italy | 11.500 | 14.250 | 17.333 | 12.642 | 14.928 | 70.653 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
5 | 5 | = | France | 11.083 | 14.416 | 11.500 | 10.583 | 11.666 | 49.449 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
6 | 7 | = | Portugal | 10.500 | 8.083 | 9.666 | 10.900 | 10.300 | 48.232 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
7 | 6 | = | Russia | 11.500 | 9.200 | 12.600 | 7.583 | 4.666 | 45.549 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
8 | 9 | = | Belgium | 7.400 | 12.500 | 2.600 | 5.600 | 7.600 | 37.900 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
9 | 8 | = | Ukraine | 9.800 | 5.500 | 8.000 | 7.800 | 7.200 | 36.100 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
10 | 11 | = | Netherlands | 5.750 | 9.100 | 2.900 | 8.600 | 9.400 | 35.750 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
Previous seasons
An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[92] UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. At that time, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League.[93] This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea—who had won the Champions League that summer, but finished sixth in the league—qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.[94]
From 2015–16, the Europa League winners qualify for the Champions League, increasing the maximum number of participants per country to five.[95] This took effect in England in 2016–17, when Manchester United finished sixth in the Premier League and won the Europa League, giving England five Champions League entrants for 2017–18.[96] In these instances, any Europa League berth vacated will not be handed down to the next-best Premier League finisher outside a qualifying place and so the association's Europa League entrants for the following season will be reduced. If it happens that both Champions League and Europa League winners are of the same association and both finish outside the top four, then the fourth-placed team will be transferred to the Europa League.
Performance in international competition
Between the 1992–93 and the 2020–21 seasons, Premier League clubs won the UEFA Champions League six times (and had seven runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with eleven wins, and ahead of, among others, Italy's Serie A with five wins and Germany's Bundesliga with four wins.[40] The FIFA Club World Cup (originally called the FIFA Club World Championship) has been won twice by a Premier League club (Manchester United in 2008 and Liverpool in 2019),[97] with two runners-up (Liverpool in 2005 and Chelsea in 2012),[98][99] behind Spain's La Liga with seven wins,[100] Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins,[98][99][101][102] and tied with Italy's Serie A with two wins.[103][104]
Patrocinio
The league changed its name from the FA Premier League to simply the Premier League in 2007.[105] From 1993 to 2016, the Premier League had title sponsorship rights sold to two companies, which were Carling brewery and Barclays Bank PLC; Barclays was the most recent title sponsor, having sponsored the Premier League from 2001 until 2016 (until 2004, the title sponsorship was held through its Barclaycard brand before shifting to its main banking brand in 2004).[106]
Period | Sponsor | Brand |
---|---|---|
1992–1993 | No sponsor | FA Premier League |
1993–2001 | Carling | FA Carling Premiership[15] |
2001–2004 | Barclaycard | FA Barclaycard Premiership[15] |
2004–2007 | Barclays | FA Barclays Premiership |
2007–2016 | Barclays Premier League[15][107] | |
2016–present | No sponsor | Premier League |
Barclays' deal with the Premier League expired at the end of the 2015–16 season. The FA announced on 4 June 2015 that it would not pursue any further title sponsorship deals for the Premier League, arguing that they wanted to build a "clean" brand for the competition more in line with those of major U.S. sports leagues.[108]
As well as sponsorship for the league itself, the Premier League has a number of official partners and suppliers.[109] The official ball supplier for the league is Nike who have had the contract since the 2000–01 season when they took over from Mitre.[110] Under its Merlin brand, Topps held the licence to produce collectables for the Premier League between 1994 and 2019 including stickers (for their sticker album) and trading cards.[111] Launched in the 2007–08 season, Topps’ Match Attax, the official Premier League trading card game, is the best selling boys collectable in the UK, and is also the biggest selling sports trading card game in the world.[111][112] In October 2018, Panini were awarded the licence to produce collectables from the 2019–20 season.[113] The chocolate company Cadbury has been the official snack partner of the Premier League since 2017, and sponsors the Golden Boot, Golden Glove, and Playmaker of the Season awards.[114][115]
Finanzas
The Premier League has the highest revenue of any association football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.[116][117] In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League clubs collectively made a net profit in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues.[118] In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.[119]
The Premier League is the fourth wealthiest professional sport league after the NFL, the MLB, and the NBA by revenue.[120]
The Premier League includes some of the richest football clubs in the world. Deloitte's "Football Money League" listed seven Premier League clubs in the top 20 for the 2009–10 season,[121] and all 20 clubs were in the top 40 globally by the end of the 2013–14 season, largely as a result of increased broadcasting revenue.[122] From 2013, the league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights.[4]
Premier League clubs agreed in principle in December 2012, to radical new cost controls. The two proposals consist of a break-even rule and a cap on the amount clubs can increase their wage bill by each season. With the new television deals on the horizon, momentum has been growing to find ways of preventing the majority of the cash going straight to players and agents.[123]
Central payments for the 2016–17 season amounted to £2,398,515,773 across the 20 clubs, with each team receiving a flat participation fee of £35,301,989 and additional payments for TV broadcasts (£1,016,690 for general UK rights to match highlights, £1,136,083 for each live UK broadcast of their games and £39,090,596 for all overseas rights), commercial rights (a flat fee of £4,759,404) and a notional measure of "merit" which was based upon final league position.[5] The merit component was a nominal sum of £1,941,609 multiplied by each finishing place, counted from the foot of the table (e.g., Burnley finished 16th in May 2017, five places counting upwards, and received 5 × £1,941,609 = £9,708,045 merit payment).[5]
Relegation
Since its split with the Football League, established clubs in the Premier League have a funding disparity from counterparts in lower leagues. Revenue from television rights between the leagues has played a part in this.[124]
Promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first Premier League season. Every season except (2001–02, 2011–12 and 2017–18) at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98, all three promoted clubs were relegated by the season's end.[125]
The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue as "parachute payments" to relegated clubs for adjustment to television revenue loss. The average Premier League team receives £41 million[126] while the average Championship club receives £2 million.[127] Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons.[128] Critics maintain that the payments widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,[129] leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation.
Clubs which have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League have seen financial problems, in some cases administration or liquidation. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have occurred for multiple clubs unable to cope with the gap.[130][131]
Cobertura mediática
United Kingdom and Ireland
Seasons | Sky | Others | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992–2001 | 60 | – | 60 | |||
2001–2004 | 110 | 110 | ||||
2004–2007 | 138 | 138 | ||||
2007–2009 | 92 | Setanta | 46 | – | 138 | |
2009–2010 | 92 | ESPN | 46 | 138 | ||
2010–2013 | 115 | ESPN | 23 | 138 | ||
2013–2016 | 116 | BT | 38 | 154 | ||
2016–2019 | 126 | 42 | 168 | |||
2019–2022 | 128 | 52 | Amazon | 20 | 200 |
Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.[20]
The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs.[132] The money is divided into three parts:[133] half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.[134]
Not all Premier League matches are televised in the United Kingdom, as the league upholds the long-standing prohibition on telecasts of any association football match (domestic or otherwise) that kicks off between 2:45 p.m. and 5:15 p.m. on Saturday matchdays.[135][136][137]
The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.[138] The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons.[138] The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001 to 2002 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004 to 2005 to 2006–07. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis.[139] Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company. Sky and Setanta paid £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) for £171.6 million, a 63 per cent increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period.[140] Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 pm on matchday.[141] Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, nearly double the previous contract.[142] The total raised from these deals is more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.[143]
The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result.[144] An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position.[145] In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, which concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.[146]
The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016.[147] Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.[148] On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010 to 2011 to 2012–13.[149] On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14, 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky, which paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.[150] The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.[151]
A new rights cycle began in the 2019–20 season, with the domestic package increasing to 200 matches overall; in February 2018, BT were awarded the package of 32 lunchtime fixtures on Saturdays, while Sky was awarded four of the seven packages, covering the majority of weekend fixtures (including eight new prime time fixtures on Saturdays), as well as Monday and Friday matches. Two remaining packages of 20 fixtures each were to be sold at a later date, including three rounds of mid-week fixtures and a bank holiday round. As Sky already owned the maximum number of matches it could hold without breaching a 148-match cap, it was speculated that at least one of the new packages could go to a new entrant, such as a streaming service. The five packages sold to BT and Sky were valued at £4.464 billion.[152] In June 2018, it was announced that Amazon Prime Video and BT had acquired the remaining two packages; Amazon acquired rights to 20 matches per-season, covering a mid-week round in December, and all Boxing Day fixtures.[153] The Amazon telecasts are produced in association with Sunset + Vine and BT Sport.[154]
With the resumption of play in the 2019–20 Premier League due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Premier League announced that all remaining matches would be carried on British television, split primarily across Sky, BT, and Amazon. A large number of these matches were also scheduled for free-to-air broadcasts, with Sky airing 25 on Pick, Amazon streaming its four matches on Twitch, and the BBC—for the first time in league history—carrying four live matches.[155][156][157][158]
As matches would continue to be played without spectators upon the start of the 2020–21 Premier League, its clubs voted on 8 September to continue broadcasting all matches through at least September (with the BBC and Amazon each holding one additional match), and "appropriate arrangements" being made for October.[159][160] It was later announced that matches not selected for broadcast would be carried on pay-per-view via BT Sport Box Office and Sky Box Office at a cost of £14.95 per-match. The PPV scheme was poorly-received; the Football Supporters' Federation felt that the price was too high, and there were concerns that it could encourage piracy. There were calls from supporters to boycott the pay-per-views, and make donations to support charitable causes instead (with Newcastle's "Charity Not PPV" campaign raising £20,000 for a local food bank, and Arsenal fans raising £34,000 for Islington Giving). On 13 November, amid the reintroduction of measures across the UK, the Premier League officially announced that the non-televised matches would be assigned to its main broadcast partners, and again including additional matches for the BBC and Amazon.[161][162][163][164]
UK highlights
Highlights programme | Duration | Channel |
---|---|---|
Match of the Day | 1992–2001 2004–present | BBC |
The Premiership | 2001–2004 | ITV |
In August 2016, it was announced the BBC would be creating a new magazine-style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show.[165]
Worldwide
The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people,.[6] The Premier League's production arm, Premier League Productions, is operated by IMG Productions and produces all content for its international television partners.[166]
The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme.[167] In Australia, Optus telecommunications holds exclusive rights to the Premier League, providing live broadcasts and online access (Fox Sports formerly held rights).[168] In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season.[169] As of the 2019–20 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are owned by DAZN, after having been jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN from 2013 to 2014.[170]
The Premier League is broadcast in the United States by NBC Sports, a division of Sky parent Comcast.[171] Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers),[172] and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage.[172][173][174] NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league until the end of the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).[175][176]
Between the 1998–99 season and the 2012–13 season, RTÉ broadcast highlights on Premier Soccer Saturday and occasionally Premier Soccer Sunday. Between the 2004–05 season and the 2006–07 season, RTÉ broadcast a live match on 15 Saturday afternoons with each match being called Premiership Live.
The Premier League is broadcast by SuperSport across sub-Saharan Africa.
Estadios
As of the 2017–18 season, Premier League football has been played in 58 stadiums since the formation of the division.[177] The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished. As a result, all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater.[178][179] Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums.[180] Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2017–18 season show a large disparity in capacity. For example, Wembley Stadium, the temporary home of Tottenham Hotspur, has a capacity of 90,000 while Dean Court, the home of Bournemouth, has a capacity of 11,360.[181][182] The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2017–18 season is 806,033 with an average capacity of 40,302.[181]
Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.[183] For the 2016–17 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 35,838 for Premier League matches with an aggregate attendance of 13,618,596.[184] This represents an increase of 14,712 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the Premier League's first season (1992–93).[185] However, during the 1992–93 season, the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums.[186][187] The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.[188] This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with an attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.[189]
Gerentes
Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans.[190] Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences.[191] The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e., more than 12 weeks, the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control).[192] Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker, including Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.
Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager, having been in charge of Arsenal in the Premier League from 1996 to his departure at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of the first 21 seasons of the Premier League.[193]
There have been several studies into the reasoning behind, and effects of, managerial sackings. Most famously, Professor Sue Bridgewater of the University of Liverpool and Dr. Bas ter Weel of the University of Amsterdam, performed two separate studies which helped to explain the statistics behind managerial sackings. Bridgewater's study found clubs generally sack their managers upon dropping below an average of one point per match.[194]
Nat. | Manager | Club | Appointed | Time as manager |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sean Dyche | Burnley | 30 October 2012 | 8 years, 218 days | |
Jürgen Klopp | Liverpool | 8 October 2015 | 5 years, 240 days | |
Pep Guardiola | Manchester City | 1 July 2016 | 4 years, 339 days | |
Thomas Frank | Brentford | 16 September 2016 | 4 years, 262 days | |
Daniel Farke | Norwich City | 25 May 2017 | 4 years, 11 days | |
Marcelo Bielsa | Leeds United | 15 June 2018 | 2 years, 355 days | |
Dean Smith | Aston Villa | 10 October 2018 | 2 years, 238 days | |
Ralph Hasenhüttl | Southampton | 5 December 2018 | 2 years, 182 days | |
Ole Gunnar Solskjær | Manchester United | 19 December 2018 | 2 years, 168 days | |
Brendan Rodgers | Leicester City | 26 February 2019 | 2 years, 99 days | |
Graham Potter | Brighton & Hove Albion | 20 May 2019 | 2 years, 16 days | |
Steve Bruce | Newcastle United | 17 July 2019 | 1 year, 323 days | |
Mikel Arteta | Arsenal | 20 December 2019 | 1 year, 167 days | |
David Moyes | West Ham United | 29 December 2019 | 1 year, 158 days | |
Xisco Muñoz | Watford | 21 December 2020 | 166 days | |
Thomas Tuchel | Chelsea | 26 January 2021 | 130 days | |
TBA | Crystal Palace | |||
TBA | Everton | |||
TBA | Tottenham Hotspur | |||
TBA | Wolverhampton Wanderers |
Jugadores
Appearances
Rank | Player | Apps |
---|---|---|
1 | Gareth Barry | 653 |
2 | Ryan Giggs | 632 |
3 | Frank Lampard | 609 |
4 | David James | 572 |
5 | James Milner | 564 |
6 | Gary Speed | 535 |
7 | Emile Heskey | 516 |
8 | Mark Schwarzer | 514 |
9 | Jamie Carragher | 508 |
10 | Phil Neville | 505 |
|
Transfer regulations and foreign players
Player transfers may only take place within transfer windows set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.[196] As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances.[197][198] This was to enable the "home grown" rule to be enacted, whereby the Premier League would also from 2010 require at least eight members of the named 25-man squad to be "home-grown players".[197]
At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just 11 players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.[199] By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36% of the total. In the 2004–05 season, the figure had increased to 45%. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,[200] and on 14 February 2005, Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.[201] By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.[202] By February 2020, 117 different nationalities had played in the Premier League, and 101 nationalities had scored in the competition.[203]
In 1999, in response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.[204] A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.[205]
Top scorers
- As of 23 May 2021.[206]
Rank | Player | Years | Goals | Apps | Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alan Shearer | 1992–2006 | 260 | 441 | 0.59 |
2 | Wayne Rooney | 2002–2018 | 208 | 491 | 0.42 |
3 | Andy Cole | 1992–2008 | 187 | 414 | 0.45 |
4 | Sergio Agüero | 2011–2021 | 184 | 275 | 0.67 |
5 | Frank Lampard | 1995–2015 | 177 | 609 | 0.29 |
6 | Thierry Henry | 1999–2007 2012 | 175 | 258 | 0.68 |
7 | Harry Kane | 2012– | 166 | 245 | 0.68 |
8 | Robbie Fowler | 1993–2009 | 163 | 379 | 0.43 |
9 | Jermain Defoe | 2001–2003 2004–2014 2015–2019 | 162 | 496 | 0.33 |
10 | Michael Owen | 1996–2004 2005–2013 | 150 | 326 | 0.46 |
Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in the Premier League.
The Premier League Golden Boot is awarded each season to the top scorer in the division. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260.[207] Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark.[208] Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 23 players from 11 clubs have won or shared the top scorer title.[209] Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34)—for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.[210] Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.[211] Giggs also holds the record for the most Premier League assists, with 162.
Wages
There is no team or individual salary cap in the Premier League. As a result of the increasingly lucrative television deals, player wages rose sharply following the formation of the Premier League when the average player wage was £75,000 per year.[212] In the 2018–19 season the average annual salary stood at £2.99 million.
The total salary bill for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018–19 season was £1.62bn; this compares to £1.05bn in La Liga, £0.83bn in Serie A, £0.72bn in Bundesliga, and £0.54bn in Ligue 1. The club with the highest average wages is Manchester United at £6.5m. This is smaller than the club with the highest wage bill in Spain (Barcelona £10.5m), and Italy (Juventus £6.7m), but higher than in Germany (Bayern Munich £6.4m), and France (Paris Saint-Germain 6.1m). For the 2018–19 season the ratio of the wages of the highest-paid team to lowest-paid in the Premier League is 6.82 to 1. This is much lower than in La Liga (19.1 to 1), Serie A (16 to 1), Bundesliga (20.5 to 1), and Ligue 1 (26.6 to 1). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues.[213]
Player transfer fees
The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million.[214] The record has increased steadily and Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba.
Rank | Player | Fee (min.) | Year | Transfer | Reference(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Paul Pogba | £89m[a] | 2016 | Juventus | Manchester United | [215][216][217][218] |
2 | Harry Maguire | £80m | 2019 | Leicester City | Manchester United | [219][220] |
3 | Romelu Lukaku | £75m[b] | 2017 | Everton | Manchester United | [221][222][223][224] |
Virgil van Dijk | £75m | 2018 | Southampton | Liverpool | [225] | |
5 | Nicolas Pépé | £72m | 2019 | Lille | Arsenal | [226] |
6 | Kepa Arrizabalaga | £71.6m | 2018 | Athletic Bilbao | Chelsea | [227] |
7 | Rúben Dias | £65m | 2020 | Benfica | Manchester City | [228] |
8 | Rodri | £63m | 2019 | Atlético Madrid | Manchester City | [229] |
9 | Kai Havertz | £62m[c] | 2020 | Bayer Leverkusen | Chelsea | [230][231][232] |
10 | Riyad Mahrez | £60m | 2018 | Leicester City | Manchester City | [233] |
- ^ plus another €5 million in additional bonuses.
- ^ plus £15 million in bonuses.
- ^ plus another £9 million in additional bonuses.
Rank | Player | Fee (min.) | Year | Transfer | Reference(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Philippe Coutinho | £106m[a] | 2018 | Liverpool | Barcelona | [234] |
2 | Eden Hazard | £89m | 2019 | Chelsea | Real Madrid | [235] |
3 | Gareth Bale | £86m | 2013 | Tottenham Hotspur | Real Madrid | [236][237][238][239] |
4 | Cristiano Ronaldo | £80m | 2009 | Manchester United | Real Madrid | [240][241][242] |
Harry Maguire | £80m | 2019 | Leicester City | Manchester United | see "paid" table | |
6 | Romelu Lukaku | £75m | 2017 | Everton | Manchester United | see "paid" table |
Luis Suárez | £75m | 2014 | Liverpool | Barcelona | [243][244] | |
Virgil van Dijk | £75m | 2018 | Southampton | Liverpool | see "paid" table | |
9 | Romelu Lukaku | £74m | 2019 | Manchester United | Inter Milan | [245] |
10 | Riyad Mahrez | £60m | 2018 | Leicester City | Manchester City | see "paid" table |
- ^ plus reported €40 million bonuses
Premios
Trophy
The Premier League maintains two trophies—the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held for the purpose of making the award within minutes of the title being secured, in the event that on the final day of the season two clubs are still within reach of winning the League.[246] In the rare event that more than two clubs are vying for the title on the final day of the season, a replica won by a previous club is used.[247]
The current Premier League trophy was created by Royal Jewellers Asprey of London. It consists of a trophy with a golden crown and a malachite plinth base. The plinth weighs 33 pounds (15 kg) and the trophy weighs 22 pounds (10.0 kg).[248] The trophy and plinth are 76 cm (30 in) tall, 43 cm (17 in) wide and 25 cm (9.8 in) deep.[249]
Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play.[249] The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy—the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.[250] The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year. In 2004, a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat.[251]
Player and manager awards
In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medals awarded to players who win the title, the Premier League also issues other awards throughout the season.
A man-of-the-match award is awarded to the player who has the greatest impact in an individual match.
Monthly awards are also given for the Manager of the Month, Player of the Month and Goal of the Month.[252] These are also issued annually for Manager of the Season,[253] Player of the Season.[254] and Goal of the Season. The Young Player of the Season award is given to the most outstanding U-23 player starting from the 2019–20 season.[255]
The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season, the Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who makes the most assists of every season,[256] and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most clean sheets at the end of the season.[257]
From the 2017–18 season, players also receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof. Each player to reach these milestones is to receive a presentation box from the Premier League containing a special medallion and a plaque commemorating their achievement.[258]
20 Seasons Awards
In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards:[259]
- Fantasy Team of the 20 Seasons
- Panel Choice: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Rio Ferdinand, Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Roy Keane, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer
- Public Vote: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Nemanja Vidić, Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer
- Best Manager: Sir Alex Ferguson
- Best Player: Ryan Giggs
- Most Appearances: Gareth Barry (652)
- Top Goalscorer: Alan Shearer (260)
- Most Clean Sheets: David James (173)
- 500 Club: Steven Gerrard, Jamie Carragher, Gareth Barry, Ryan Giggs, David James, Gary Speed, Frank Lampard, Emile Heskey and Sol Campbell
- Best Goal: Wayne Rooney, 12 February 2011, Manchester United vs Manchester City
- Best Save: Craig Gordon, 18 December 2010, Sunderland vs Bolton Wanderers
- Best Team: Arsenal 2003–04
Ver también
- List of English football champions
- List of English Football League managers
- Football records in England
- List of professional sports teams in the United Kingdom
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- Bibliography
- Hammam, Sam (14 January 2000). The Wimbledon We Have. London: Wimbledon FC.
enlaces externos
- Official website (in English, Indonesian, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, and Chinese)