King's College London (informalmente King's o KCL ) es una universidad pública de investigación ubicada en Londres , Reino Unido , y un colegio fundador e institución miembro de la Universidad federal de Londres . King's fue establecida en 1829 por el rey Jorge IV y Arthur Wellesley, primer duque de Wellington , cuando recibió su primera carta real (como colegio universitario ), y es una de las universidades más antiguas de Inglaterra . [7]En 1836, King's se convirtió en una de las dos universidades fundadoras de la Universidad de Londres. [8] [9] [10] A finales del siglo XX, King's creció a través de una serie de fusiones, incluso con Queen Elizabeth College y Chelsea College of Science and Technology (en 1985), el Instituto de Psiquiatría (en 1997), el Escuelas de Medicina y Odontología Unidas de los Hospitales Guy y St Thomas y la Escuela de Enfermería y Partería de Florence Nightingale (en 1998).
Latín : Collegium Regale Londiniense [1] | ||||||||||||
Lema | Latín : Sancte et Sapienter | |||||||||||
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Lema en inglés | Con santidad y sabiduría | |||||||||||
Tipo | Universidad pública de investigación | |||||||||||
Establecido | 1829 (primera enseñanza registrada en la escuela de medicina 1561) [2] | |||||||||||
Dotación | £ 252,3 millones (2020) [3] | |||||||||||
Presupuesto | £ 964,3 millones (excluyendo la asignación de pensiones USS) (2019-20) [3] | |||||||||||
Canciller | La Princesa Real (como rectora de la Universidad de Londres ) | |||||||||||
Principal | Shitij Kapur | |||||||||||
Presidente del consejo | Señor Geidt | |||||||||||
Personal docente | 5.220 (2018/19) [4] | |||||||||||
Personal administrativo | 3.485 (2018/19) [4] | |||||||||||
Estudiantes | 33 110 (2019/20) [5] | |||||||||||
Estudiantes universitarios | 19.370 (2019/20) [5] | |||||||||||
Postgraduados | 13.740 (2019/20) [5] | |||||||||||
Localización | Londres , Reino Unido Coordenadas : 51 ° 30′43.00 ″ N 0 ° 06′58.00 ″ W / 51.5119444 ° N 0.1161111 ° W | |||||||||||
Instalaciones | Urbano | |||||||||||
Visitante | Justin Welby (como arzobispo de Canterbury ex officio ) | |||||||||||
Colores | ||||||||||||
Afiliaciones | ACU EUA Instituto Francis Crick Triángulo de oro Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities iCUBE King's Health Partners LSGL MedCity PLuS Alliance Royal Academy of Music RADA Russell Group SES Thomas Young Centre UNICA University of London Universities UK | |||||||||||
Mascota | Reggie el León | |||||||||||
Sitio web | kcl .ac .uk | |||||||||||
King's tiene cinco campus: su histórico Strand Campus en el centro de Londres, otros tres campus del lado del Támesis (Guy, St Thomas 'y Waterloo) cercanos y uno en Denmark Hill en el sur de Londres . También tiene presencia en Shrivenham para su educación militar profesional y en Newquay , Cornwall , donde se encuentra su centro de servicios de información. En 2019/20, King's tuvo un ingreso total de £ 964,3 millones, de los cuales £ 200,5 millones provinieron de subvenciones y contratos de investigación. [3] Tiene la cuarta donación más grande de todas las universidades del Reino Unido y la más grande de todas las de Londres. Es la duodécima universidad más grande del Reino Unido por matrícula total . [5] Sus actividades académicas se organizan en nueve facultades, que se subdividen en numerosos departamentos, centros y divisiones de investigación.
Es miembro de organizaciones académicas que incluyen la Asociación de Universidades de la Commonwealth , la Asociación de Universidades Europeas y el Grupo Russell . King's alberga seis centros del Medical Research Council y es miembro fundador del centro académico de ciencias de la salud de King's Health Partners , el Francis Crick Institute y MedCity . Es el centro europeo más grande de enseñanza médica e investigación biomédica de graduados y posgrados, por número de estudiantes, [11] e incluye la primera escuela de enfermería del mundo, la Facultad de Enfermería y Partería de Florence Nightingale . [12] King's a veces se considera parte del " triángulo dorado " de las universidades ubicadas en las ciudades de Oxford, Cambridge y Londres. [13]
Los ex alumnos y el personal de King incluyen 14 premios Nobel ; contribuyentes al descubrimiento de la estructura del ADN , la hepatitis C y el bosón de Higgs ; pioneros de la fertilización in vitro , la clonación de células madre / mamíferos y el movimiento moderno de hospicio ; e investigadores clave que avanzan en el radar, la radio, la televisión y los teléfonos móviles. Los alumnos también incluyen jefes de estado, gobiernos y organizaciones intergubernamentales; diecinueve miembros de la actual Cámara de los Comunes y diecisiete miembros de la actual Cámara de los Lores ; y los destinatarios de tres premios Oscar , tres premios Grammy y un Emmy .
King's goza del patrocinio real en virtud de su fundación. La mecenas actual es la reina Isabel II . [14] [15]
Historia
Fundación
King's College, llamado así para indicar el patrocinio del rey Jorge IV , fue fundado en 1829 en respuesta a la controversia teológica en torno a la fundación de la "Universidad de Londres" (que más tarde se convirtió en University College, Londres ) en 1826. [16] [17] La Universidad de Londres fue fundada, con el respaldo de utilitaristas , judíos e inconformistas , como una institución secular, destinada a educar "a la juventud de nuestra gente medianamente rica entre las edades de 15 o 16 y 20 o más tarde" [18] dando su apodo, "la universidad sin Dios en Gower Street". [19]
La necesidad de una institución de este tipo era el resultado de la naturaleza religiosa y social de las universidades de Oxford y Cambridge, que entonces educaban únicamente a los hijos de anglicanos adinerados . [20] La naturaleza secular de la Universidad de Londres fue desaprobada por The Establishment , de hecho, "las tormentas de oposición que la rodearon amenazaron con aplastar cada chispa de energía vital que quedaba". [21] Así, la creación de una institución rival representó una respuesta conservadora para reafirmar los valores educativos de The Establishment. [22] Más ampliamente, King's fue una de las primeras de una serie de instituciones que surgieron a principios del siglo XIX como resultado de la Revolución Industrial y los grandes cambios sociales en Inglaterra después de las Guerras Napoleónicas . [23] En virtud de su fundación, King's ha disfrutado del patrocinio del monarca , el arzobispo de Canterbury como visitante y durante el siglo XIX contó entre sus gobernadores oficiales al Lord Canciller , Presidente de la Cámara de los Comunes y el Lord Mayor de Londres. . [23]
Duelo en Battersea Fields, 21 de marzo de 1829
El apoyo simultáneo de Arthur Wellesley, primer duque de Wellington (que también era entonces primer ministro del Reino Unido ), a un Anglican King's College London y a la Roman Catholic Relief Act , que conduciría a la concesión de derechos civiles casi plenos a Católicos, fue desafiado por George Finch-Hatton, décimo conde de Winchilsea , a principios de 1829. Winchilsea y sus partidarios deseaban que King's estuviera sujeto a los Test Acts , como las universidades de Oxford , donde solo los miembros de la Iglesia de Inglaterra podían matricularse y Cambridge , donde los no anglicanos podían matricularse pero no graduarse, [24] pero esta no era la intención de Wellington. [25]
Winchilsea y otros 150 colaboradores retiraron su apoyo al King's College London en respuesta al apoyo de Wellington a la emancipación católica . En una carta a Wellington acusó al duque de tener en mente "planes insidiosos para la violación de nuestra libertad y la introducción del papado en todos los departamentos del Estado". [26] La carta provocó un furioso intercambio de correspondencia y Wellington acusó a Winchilsea de acusarlo de "motivos vergonzosos y criminales" en la creación del King's College London. Cuando Winchilsea se negó a retractarse de los comentarios, Wellington -por su propia admisión, "no partidario del duelo" y un duellista virgen - exigió satisfacción en una competencia de armas: "Ahora pido a su señoría que me dé esa satisfacción por su conducta que un caballero tiene derecho a exigir, y un caballero nunca se niega a dar ". [27]
El resultado fue un duelo en Battersea Fields el 21 de marzo de 1829. [17] [28] Winchilsea no disparó, un plan que él y su segundo casi seguramente decidieron antes del duelo; Wellington apuntó y disparó desviado a la derecha. Las versiones difieren en cuanto a si Wellington falló a propósito. Wellington, conocido por su mala puntería, afirmó que lo hizo, otros informes más simpatizantes de Winchilsea afirmaron que había tenido la intención de matar. [29] El honor se salvó y Winchilsea le escribió a Wellington una disculpa. [26] El "Día del Duelo" todavía se celebra el primer jueves después del 21 de marzo de cada año, marcado por varios eventos a lo largo de King's, incluidas recreaciones. [28] [30]
Siglo 19
King's abrió en octubre de 1831 con el clérigo William Otter designado como primer director y profesor de teología. [16] El arzobispo de Canterbury presidió la ceremonia de apertura, en la que Charles James Blomfield , obispo de Londres , pronunció un sermón en la capilla sobre el tema de combinar la instrucción religiosa con la cultura intelectual. A pesar de los intentos de hacer de King's únicamente anglicanos, el prospecto inicial permitía que "inconformistas de todo tipo entraran libremente en la universidad". [31] William Howley : los gobernadores y profesores, excepto los lingüistas, tenían que ser miembros de la Iglesia de Inglaterra, pero los estudiantes no, [32] aunque la asistencia a la capilla era obligatoria. [33]
King's se dividió en un departamento superior y un departamento junior, también conocido como King's College School , que originalmente estaba situado en el sótano del Strand Campus. [16] El departamento Junior comenzó con 85 alumnos y solo tres maestros, pero rápidamente creció a 500 en 1841, superando sus instalaciones y llevándolo a trasladarse a Wimbledon en 1897, donde permanece hoy, aunque ya no está asociado con King's College London. . [32] Dentro del departamento superior, la enseñanza se dividió en tres cursos: un curso general que comprendía teología, lenguas clásicas, matemáticas, literatura inglesa e historia; un curso de medicina; y materias diversas, como derecho, economía política y lenguas modernas, que no estaban relacionadas con ningún curso de estudio sistemático en ese momento y dependían para su permanencia de la oferta de estudiantes ocasionales. [16] En 1833 se reorganizó el curso general que condujo a la concesión del Associate of King's College (AKC), la primera titulación emitida por King's. [16] El curso, que se ocupa de cuestiones de ética y teología, todavía se otorga hoy a los estudiantes y al personal que toman un curso opcional de tres años junto con sus estudios.
La fachada del río se completó en abril de 1835 a un costo de £ 7,100, [34] su finalización fue una condición del King's College de Londres para asegurar el sitio de la Corona. [16] A diferencia de los de la escuela, el número de estudiantes en el departamento Senior permaneció casi estacionario durante los primeros cinco años de existencia de King. Durante este tiempo, la escuela de medicina se vio afectada por la ineficiencia y las lealtades divididas del personal, lo que provocó una disminución constante en la asistencia. Uno de los nombramientos más importantes fue el de Charles Wheatstone como profesor de Filosofía Experimental. [dieciséis]
En este momento, ni King's, la "Universidad de Londres" ni las facultades de medicina de los hospitales de Londres podían otorgar títulos. En 1835, el gobierno anunció que establecería una junta examinadora para otorgar títulos, y la "Universidad de Londres" y King's se convertirían en universidades afiliadas. Esto se convirtió en la Universidad de Londres en 1836, la antigua "Universidad de Londres" se convirtió en University College, London (UCL). [20] Los primeros títulos de la Universidad de Londres se otorgaron a los estudiantes del King's College London en 1839. [35]
En 1840, King's abrió su propio hospital en Portugal Street, cerca de Lincoln's Inn Fields , un área compuesta por colonias superpobladas caracterizadas por la pobreza y las enfermedades. El gobierno del King's College Hospital se transfirió más tarde a la corporación del hospital establecida por la King's College Hospital Act 1851. El hospital se trasladó a un nuevo local en Denmark Hill , Camberwell en 1913. El nombramiento en 1877 de Joseph Lister como profesor de cirugía clínica benefició enormemente a la escuela de medicina, y la introducción de los métodos quirúrgicos antisépticos de Lister le valió al hospital una reputación internacional. [dieciséis]
En 1845, King's estableció un Departamento Militar para capacitar a oficiales del Ejército y la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales , y en 1846 un Departamento Teológico para capacitar sacerdotes anglicanos. En 1855, King's fue pionera en las clases nocturnas en Londres; [32] que King's otorgó a los estudiantes en las clases nocturnas certificados de asistencia a la universidad para permitirles rendir los exámenes de grado de la Universidad de Londres fue citado como un ejemplo de la inutilidad de estos certificados en la decisión de la Universidad de Londres de poner fin al sistema de colegios afiliados. en 1858 y abrir sus exámenes a todos. [36]
En 1882, el King's College London Act enmendó la constitución. La ley eliminó la naturaleza propietaria de King's, cambiando el nombre de la corporación de "Gobernadores y propietarios de King's College, Londres" a "King's College London" y anulando el estatuto de 1829 (aunque King's permaneció incorporado bajo ese estatuto). La ley también cambió el King's College London de una corporación (técnicamente) con fines de lucro a una sin fines de lucro (nunca se habían pagado dividendos en más de 50 años de operación) y extendió los objetivos de King's para incluir la educación de las mujeres. [16] [37] El Departamento de Damas del King's College London se abrió en Kensington Square en 1885, que más tarde en 1902 se convirtió en el Departamento de Mujeres del King's College. [35]
siglo 20
La King's College London Act de 1903 abolió todas las pruebas religiosas restantes para el personal, excepto dentro del departamento de teología. En 1910, King's (con la excepción del departamento de Teología) se fusionó con la Universidad de Londres bajo la Ley (Transfer) de King's College London de 1908, perdiendo su independencia legal. [38]
Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, la escuela de medicina se abrió a las mujeres por primera vez. El final de la guerra vio una afluencia de estudiantes, lo que tensó las instalaciones existentes hasta el punto de que algunas clases se llevaron a cabo en la casa del director. [dieciséis]
En la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los edificios del King's College London fueron utilizados por el Servicio de Bomberos Auxiliar con varios miembros del personal de King, principalmente los que entonces se conocían como sirvientes universitarios, que servían como vigilantes de incendios . Partes del edificio Strand, el cuadrilátero y el techo del ábside y las vidrieras de la capilla sufrieron daños por bombas en el Blitz . [39] [40] Durante la reconstrucción de la posguerra, las bóvedas debajo del cuadrilátero fueron reemplazadas por un laboratorio de dos pisos, que se inauguró en 1952, para los departamentos de Física e Ingeniería Civil y Eléctrica. [dieciséis]
Una de las investigaciones científicas más famosas realizadas en King's fueron las contribuciones cruciales al descubrimiento de la estructura de doble hélice del ADN en 1953 por Maurice Wilkins y Rosalind Franklin , junto con Raymond Gosling , Alex Stokes , Herbert Wilson y otros colegas de la Randall División de Biofísica Celular y Molecular en King's. [41] [42] [43]
La gran reconstrucción de King's comenzó en 1966 tras la publicación del Informe Robbins sobre Educación Superior. En 1972 se abrió un nuevo bloque frente al Strand diseñado por ED Jefferiss Mathews. [32] En 1980, King's recuperó su independencia legal bajo una nueva Carta Real. En 1993, King's, junto con otras grandes facultades de la Universidad de Londres, obtuvo acceso directo a la financiación del gobierno (que anteriormente había sido a través de la universidad) y el derecho a conferir títulos de la Universidad de Londres. Esto contribuyó a que King's y las otras grandes universidades fueran consideradas universidades de facto por derecho propio. [44]
King's College London se fusionó con otras instituciones a finales del siglo XX. Estos incluyen la reincorporación en 1983 de la Facultad de Medicina y Odontología del King's College, que se había independizado del King's College Hospital en la fundación del Servicio Nacional de Salud en 1948, las fusiones con Queen Elizabeth College y Chelsea College en 1985, y el Instituto de Psiquiatría en 1997. En 1998, las Escuelas de Medicina y Odontología Unidas de los Hospitales Guy's y St Thomas 'se fusionaron con King's para formar la Escuela de Educación Médica GKT . [32] [35] [45] [46] También en 1998 , la escuela de formación original para enfermeras de Florence Nightingale se fusionó con el Departamento de Estudios de Enfermería del Rey como la Escuela de Enfermería y Partería de Florence Nightingale . El mismo año, King's adquirió el antiguo edificio de Public Record Office en Chancery Lane y lo convirtió a un costo de £ 35 millones en la Biblioteca Maughan , que se inauguró en 2002. [32]
2001 al presente
En julio de 2006, el Consejo Privado otorgó al King's College London poderes para otorgar títulos por derecho propio, en lugar de hacerlo a través de la Universidad de Londres . [48] Este poder permaneció sin ejercitarse hasta 2007, cuando King's anunció que todos los estudiantes que comenzaran los cursos a partir de septiembre de 2007 recibirían títulos conferidos por la propia King's, en lugar de por la Universidad de Londres. Sin embargo, los nuevos certificados todavía hacen referencia al hecho de que King's es un colegio constitutivo de la Universidad de Londres. [49] A todos los estudiantes actuales con al menos un año de estudio restante se les ofreció en agosto de 2007 la opción de optar por obtener un título de la Universidad de Londres o un título de King. Los primeros títulos del Rey se otorgaron en el verano de 2008. [50]
En abril de 2011, King's se convirtió en socio fundador del Centro de Investigación e Innovación Médica del Reino Unido, posteriormente rebautizado como Instituto Francis Crick , comprometiendo 40 millones de libras esterlinas para el proyecto. [51] El departamento de Química se reabrió en 2011 tras su cierre en 2003. [52] En febrero de 2012, Su Majestad la Reina inauguró oficialmente el ala este de Somerset House.
En septiembre de 2014, King's College London abrió King's College London Mathematics School , una escuela gratuita de sexto curso ubicada en Lambeth que se especializa en matemáticas. [53] En octubre de 2014, Ed Byrne reemplazó a Rick Trainor como director del King's College London, este último sirvió durante 10 años. En diciembre de 2014, King's anunció sus planes de cambiar su nombre a 'King's London'. [54] Se enfatizó que no había planes para cambiar el nombre legal de King's, y que el nombre 'King's London' fue diseñado para promover King's y resaltar el hecho de que King's es una universidad por derecho propio. [55] King's anunció que los planes de cambio de marca se habían abandonado en enero de 2015. [56] [57]
El 10 de marzo de 2015, King's adquirió un contrato de arrendamiento de 50 años para el sitio de Aldwych Quarter que incorpora el histórico gran edificio Bush House . Comenzó a ocupar el edificio Bush House en septiembre de 2016 y ocupará las adyacentes King House y Strand House a partir de 2017 y Melbourne House a partir de 2025. En octubre de 2016, King's anunció que también había contratado un contrato de arrendamiento por 50 años en el noroeste Bloque del Aldwych Quarter que incorporará a partir de 2018.
Instalaciones
Campus de Strand
The Strand Campus es el campus fundador de King's y está ubicado en Strand en la ciudad de Westminster , compartiendo su fachada a lo largo del río Támesis . El campus original comprende el King's Building de 1831, catalogado como Grado I , diseñado por Sir Robert Smirke , y la Capilla del King's College London rediseñada en 1864 por Sir Gilbert Scott , con la compra posterior de gran parte de la adyacente Surrey Street (incluidos los edificios Norfolk y Chesham) desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el Strand Building de 1972. El edificio Macadam de 1975 alberga la Unión de Estudiantes de Strand Campus y lleva el nombre del ex alumno de King, Sir Ivison Macadam , primer presidente de la Unión Nacional de Estudiantes .
El campus de Strand alberga las facultades de artes y ciencias de King's, incluidas las facultades de Artes y Humanidades , Derecho , Negocios, Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas y Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (anteriormente Ciencias Físicas e Ingeniería). También alberga la Oficina del Presidente y el Director.
Desde 2010, el campus se ha expandido rápidamente para incorporar el ala este de Somerset House y el edificio Virginia Woolf junto a LSE en Kingsway . El 10 de marzo de 2015, King's adquirió un contrato de arrendamiento de 50 años para el sitio de Aldwych Quarter que incorpora el histórico gran edificio Bush House . Comenzó a ocupar el edificio Bush House en septiembre de 2016, ocupando las adyacentes King House y Strand House a partir de 2017 y ocupará Melbourne House a partir de 2025. En octubre de 2016, King's anunció que también había contratado un contrato de arrendamiento por 50 años en el norte West Block de 2018. [58]
Las estaciones de metro más cercanas son Temple , Charing Cross y Covent Garden .
Campus de Guy
El campus de Guy está situado cerca del Puente de Londres y el Shard en la orilla sur del Támesis y alberga la Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina y el Instituto Dental. [59]
El campus lleva el nombre de Thomas Guy , fundador y benefactor del Guy's Hospital, establecido en 1726 en el distrito londinense de Southwark . Los edificios incluyen: el edificio Henriette Raphael, construido en 1902, el Museo de Patología Gordon , el edificio Hodgkin, Shepherd's House y Guy's Chapel. La Unión de Estudiantes tiene amplias instalaciones en el campus de Guy, que incluyen salas de actividades, salas de reuniones junto a una cafetería para estudiantes; El cobertizo y el bar de estudiantes; Guy's Bar. Guy's Campus está ubicado frente al Old Operating Theatre Museum , que formaba parte del antiguo St Thomas Hospital en Southwark.
Las estaciones de metro más cercanas son London Bridge y Borough .
Campus de Waterloo
El campus de Waterloo se encuentra al otro lado del puente de Waterloo desde el campus de Strand, cerca del Southbank Centre en el distrito londinense de Lambeth y consta del edificio James Clerk Maxwell , el edificio Franklin - Wilkins y el edificio del ala del puente de Waterloo.
Cornwall House, ahora el Edificio Franklin-Wilkins, construido entre 1912 y 1915 fue originalmente la Oficina de Papelería de Su Majestad (responsable de los derechos de autor de la Corona y los Archivos Nacionales ), pero fue requisado para su uso como hospital militar en 1915 durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. el Hospital Militar King George, y alojó a unos 1.800 pacientes en 63 salas. [60]
Ahora el edificio universitario más grande de Londres, el edificio fue adquirido por King's en la década de 1980 y se sometió a una extensa remodelación en 2000. [61] [62] El edificio lleva el nombre de Rosalind Franklin y Maurice Wilkins por sus principales contribuciones al descubrimiento de la estructura. de ADN. [61] Hoy es el hogar de:
- la Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Diabetes y la Nutrición (parte de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina)
- la Escuela de Educación, Comunicación y Sociedad (parte de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas)
- LonDEC - el Centro de Educación Dental de Londres (parte de la Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas, Orales y Craneofaciales)
El edificio adyacente James Clerk Maxwell alberga la Facultad de Enfermería, Partería y Cuidados Paliativos de Florence Nightingale y muchas de las funciones centrales de servicios profesionales del Colegio. El edificio lleva el nombre del físico matemático escocés James Clerk Maxwell , quien fue profesor de Filosofía Natural en King's de 1860 a 1865. [63]
La estación de metro más cercana es Waterloo .
Campus de St Thomas
El campus de St Thomas en el distrito londinense de Lambeth , frente a las Casas del Parlamento al otro lado del Támesis, alberga partes de la Facultad de Medicina y el Instituto Dental. El Museo Florence Nightingale también se encuentra aquí. [64] El museo está dedicado a Florence Nightingale, fundadora de la Escuela de Formación Nightingale del Hospital St Thomas (ahora Facultad de Enfermería, Obstetricia y Cuidados Paliativos Florence Nightingale del Rey). El Hospital St Thomas se convirtió en parte de la Facultad de Medicina del King's College de Londres en 1998. El Hospital y el Campus St Thomas recibieron el nombre de St Thomas Becket . [65] El Departamento de Investigación de Gemelos ( TwinsUk ), King's College London está ubicado en el St. Thomas 'Hospital.
La estación de metro más cercana es Westminster .
Campus de Denmark Hill
El campus de Denmark Hill está situado en el sur de Londres, cerca de las fronteras del distrito londinense de Lambeth y el distrito londinense de Southwark en Camberwell y es el único campus que no se encuentra en el río Támesis. El campus consta del King's College Hospital , el Maudsley Hospital y el Instituto de Psiquiatría, Psicología y Neurociencia (IoPPN). Además del Instituto de Psiquiatría, Psicología y Neurociencia, se encuentran aquí partes del Instituto Dental y la Facultad de Medicina, y una gran residencia, King's College Hall. Otros edificios incluyen la biblioteca del campus conocida como el Centro de Educación Weston (WEC), el Centro James Black, el Instituto Rayne (hemato-oncología) y el Instituto Cicely Saunders ( cuidados paliativos ). [66]
El Instituto de Neurociencia Clínica Maurice Wohl fue inaugurado por la Princesa Real en 2015 en el campus de Denmark Hill. [67] Lleva el nombre del filántropo británico Maurice Wohl , quien tuvo una larga asociación con King's y apoyó muchos proyectos médicos. [68]
La estación de Overground más cercana es Denmark Hill .
Shrivenham
Si bien no es un campus formal, King's conserva una presencia académica y patrimonio en la Academia de Defensa del Reino Unido en Shrivenham , Oxfordshire . A través de su Departamento de Estudios de Defensa, King's ha brindado entrenamiento militar profesional a gran parte de las fuerzas armadas del Reino Unido a través de la Escuela de Comando y Estado Mayor de Servicios Conjuntos desde 2000 bajo contrato con el Ministerio de Defensa . [69]
Programa de reurbanización
A partir de 2016, King's está pasando por un programa de remodelación de sus propiedades por mil millones de libras esterlinas. [70] Desde 1999, más de la mitad de las actividades de King's se han trasladado a edificios nuevos y renovados. [71] Los principales proyectos terminados incluyen una renovación de £ 35 millones de la Biblioteca Maughan en 2002, una renovación de £ 40 millones de edificios en el Strand Campus, una renovación de £ 25 millones de Somerset House East Wing, una renovación de £ 30 millones de Dinamarca Hill Campus en 2007, la renovación de la Biblioteca Franklin-Wilkins en el Campus de Waterloo y la finalización del Instituto Cicely Saunders de Cuidados Paliativos de £ 9 millones en 2010. [72] La Capilla de la Universidad en Strand también fue restaurada en 2001, y su órgano en 2018. [ cita requerida ]
La remodelación del Strand Campus ganó el premio Green Gown en 2007 por su construcción sostenible. El premio reconoció la "reducción de la energía y las emisiones de carbono de una rehabilitación sostenible del histórico South Range del King's Building". [73] King's también recibió el premio City Heritage Award 2003 por la conversión de la biblioteca Maughan que figura en el grado II * . [74]
Los proyectos actuales incluyen un desarrollo de £ 45 millones para el Instituto de Neurociencia Clínica Maurice Wohl, £ 18 millones para modernizar los entornos de aprendizaje y enseñanza de King, un pabellón de deportes en Honor Oak Park. [75] En abril de 2012 se anunció una remodelación de 20 millones de libras esterlinas del Strand Campus Quad que proporcionará 3.700 metros cuadrados adicionales de espacio para la enseñanza e instalaciones para estudiantes. [76]
King's adquirió un contrato de arrendamiento para el Aldwych Quarter con un plazo inicial de 50 años. [58] [77] King's ocupará Bush House y Strand House a partir de septiembre de 2016, y King House y Melbourne House a partir de 2025. [77] El entonces presidente del King's College de Londres, Charles Wellesley, noveno duque de Wellington, dijo que el King's Strand Campus ha tenido un espacio de enseñanza inadecuado y estrecho durante demasiado tiempo, y la adquisición transformará el campus original de King's, que data de 1829. [58]
Organización y administración
Gobernancia
La directora del King's College London es formalmente la presidenta y directora , actualmente Evelyn Welch , quien se desempeña como interina tras la jubilación de Sir Ed Byrne en enero de 2021. [78] Shitij Kapur ha sido nombrado presidente entrante y director a partir de julio de 2021. .
La oficina está establecida por los estatutos de King's como "el principal funcionario académico y administrativo del College" y los estatutos de King requieren que el director tenga la responsabilidad general ante el consejo de "asegurar que los objetivos del College se cumplan y de mantener y promoviendo la eficiencia, disciplina y buen orden del Colegio ". [79] La carta y los estatutos otorgados en 2009 crearon el cargo adicional de "presidente". Como tal, el título completo del director del King's College London es "Presidente y Director". [80] Los oficiales superiores se denominan Equipo Central del Director. Dos subdirectores y rectores de salud y de artes y ciencias para el director y supervisan al decano ejecutivo de la facultad, mientras que cinco subdirectores tienen responsabilidades en áreas de visión específicas de importancia estratégica: educación, investigación, servicio, internacional y Londres. También hay subdirectores senior de operaciones (COO), finanzas (CFO), un subdirector de salud global y un director ejecutivo de desarrollo y recaudación de fondos.
El consejo es el órgano de gobierno supremo del King's College London establecido en virtud de la carta y los estatutos, y está compuesto por 21 miembros. Entre sus miembros se encuentran el presidente de la Unión de Estudiantes de King's College London (KCLSU), como miembro estudiantil; el director y presidente; hasta otros siete miembros del personal; y hasta 12 miembros laicos que no deben ser empleados de King's. [81] Cuenta con el apoyo de varios comités permanentes. [82] Sir Christopher Geidt sucedió a Charles Wellesley, noveno duque de Wellington como presidente del consejo desde el comienzo del año académico 2016; [83] [84] posteriormente se convirtió en Lord Geidt el 3 de noviembre de 2017. [85]
El decano del King's College es una persona ordenada, lo cual es inusual entre las universidades británicas. [86] El decano es "responsable de supervisar el desarrollo espiritual y el bienestar de todos los estudiantes y el personal". La Oficina del Decano coordina el programa de Asociaciones de King's College , la capellanía y el coro de la capilla, que incluye 25 becas para coros. [86] Una de las funciones del decano es animar y fomentar las vocaciones al sacerdocio de la Iglesia de Inglaterra . [87]
El arzobispo de Canterbury es el visitante del King's College de Londres por derecho al cargo debido al papel de la Iglesia de Inglaterra en la fundación de King. [88]
Facultades y departamentos
En el siglo XIX, King's College London tenía cinco departamentos: teológico, literatura y ciencia general, ciencias aplicadas, médico y militar. [89] [90] El Departamento de Teología proporcionó estudios en historia eclesiástica , teología pastoral y exégesis de testamentos. [90] En el Departamento de Literatura y Ciencias Generales se enseñaban idiomas y literatura, historia, derecho y jurisprudencia, economía política, comercio, esgrima, matemáticas, zoología e historia natural, [90] y filosofía natural, geología, mineralogía y artes. Las materias afines se imparten en el Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas. [90]
A partir de 2017[actualizar], King's comprende nueve facultades académicas, que se subdividen en escuelas (Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas, Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina), departamentos, centros y divisiones de investigación. La última incorporación fue King's Business School, alojada en Bush House , que se inauguró en agosto de 2017. [91]
Facultad de Artes y Humanidades
La Facultad de Artes y Humanidades se formó en 1989 tras la fusión de las facultades de Artes, Música y Teología. [92] La facultad abarca materias disciplinarias tradicionales, así como materias menos comunes como estudios helénicos , portugueses y medievales , y disciplinas emergentes como humanidades digitales y estudios queer . [92]
La Real Academia de Arte Dramático (RADA) se administra a través de King's, y sus estudiantes se gradúan junto con miembros de los departamentos que forman la Facultad de Artes y Humanidades. Como RADA no tiene poderes para otorgar títulos, sus cursos están validados por King's. [93] [94]
Facultad de Odontología, Ciencias Bucales y Craneofaciales
La Facultad de Odontología, Ciencias Bucales y Craneofaciales (anteriormente Dental Institute) es la escuela de odontología de King's y se enfoca en comprender las enfermedades, mejorar la salud y restaurar la función. [95] El instituto es el sucesor de la Escuela de Odontología del Hospital Guy, la Escuela de Odontología del Hospital King's College, la Escuela de Cirugía Dental del Royal Dental Hospital de Londres y las Escuelas Médicas y Odontológicas Unidas de los Hospitales Guy y St Thomas . Fue parte de la Escuela de Medicina y Odontología de King hasta 2005, cuando la escuela de odontología se convirtió en el Instituto Dental y luego se renombró en 2019.
En 1799, Joseph Fox comenzó a dar una serie de conferencias sobre cirugía dental en el Guy's Hospital y fue nombrado cirujano dental ese mismo año. [96] Thomas Bell sucedió a Fox como cirujano dental en 1817 o 1825. [96] Frederick Newland-Pedley , quien fue nombrado cirujano dental asistente en el Hospital Guy's en 1885, abogó por el establecimiento de una escuela de odontología dentro del hospital, y se inundó las dos escuelas de odontología de Londres, la Metropolitan School of Dental Science y la London School of Dental Surgery, con pacientes para demostrar que se necesitaba un hospital más. [96] En diciembre de 1888, se estableció la Escuela de Odontología del Hospital Guy. [96] [97] La Escuela de Odontología del Guy's Hospital fue reconocida como una escuela de la Universidad de Londres en 1901. En la década de 1970, dado que hubo una disminución en la demanda de servicios dentales, el Departamento de Salud del Reino Unido sugirió que debería habrá una disminución en el número de estudiantes de licenciatura en odontología, así como en la duración de todos los cursos. [96] En respuesta a las recomendaciones, la Escuela de Cirugía Dental del Royal Dental Hospital de Londres se fusionó con la Escuela Dental del Guy's Hospital de las Escuelas Médicas y Odontológicas Unidas de los Hospitales Guy y St Thomas el 1 de agosto de 1983. [96]
El establecimiento de la Escuela de Odontología del Hospital King's College fue propuesto por el vizconde Hambleden en una reunión del Comité de Administración del Hospital el 12 de abril de 1923. La escuela de odontología se inauguró el 12 de noviembre de 1923 en el Hospital King's College. [46] Bajo la Ley Nacional de Salud de 1948, King's Medical and Dental School se separó de King's y se convirtió en una escuela independiente, pero la escuela se fusionó con King's en 1983. [46] La escuela se fusionó con las United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy y St Thomas 'Hospitals en 1998. [46]
Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina
La Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina se creó como resultado de la fusión de la Facultad de Medicina con la Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas en 2014 [98].
Hay dos escuelas de educación en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Medicina: la Escuela de Educación Médica GKT es responsable de la educación médica y la formación de los estudiantes en el programa MBBS , y la Escuela de Educación en Biociencias es responsable de las profesiones biomédicas y de la salud. Educación y entrenamiento. [99] La facultad está dividida en 7 escuelas, que incluyen Biociencias Básicas y Médicas, Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias de Imágenes, Cáncer y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Medicina y Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Inmunología y Ciencias Microbianas, Ciencias de la Vida y Ciencias de la Salud de la Población. [100]
Instituto de Psiquiatría, Psicología y Neurociencia
El Instituto de Psiquiatría, Psicología y Neurociencia (IoPPN) es una facultad y una institución de investigación dedicada a descubrir qué causa las enfermedades mentales y las enfermedades del cerebro , y a ayudar a identificar nuevos tratamientos para las enfermedades. [101] El instituto es el mayor centro de investigación y educación de posgrado en psiquiatría, psicología y neurociencia de Europa. [102] Originalmente establecido en 1924 como la Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Maudsley, el instituto cambió su nombre a Instituto de Psiquiatría en 1948, se fusionó con King's College London en 1997 y pasó a llamarse IoPPN en 2014. [103] [104]
Facultad de Derecho Dickson Poon
La Facultad de Derecho de Dickson Poon es la facultad de derecho de King's. En King's se enseña derecho desde 1831. [105] La Facultad de Derecho se fundó en 1909 y se convirtió en la Facultad de Derecho en 1991. [105]
La escuela incluye varios centros y grupos de investigación que sirven como puntos focales para la actividad de investigación, incluido el Centro de Derecho Europeo (establecido en 1974), el Centro de Derecho y Ética Médica (establecido en 1978), el Centro de Derecho e Historia Constitucional Británico (establecido en 1988), Centro de Derecho de la Construcción, Centro de Tecnología, Ética y Derecho en la Sociedad, Centro de Política, Filosofía y Derecho, Instituto de Derecho Transnacional y Comité de Derecho Fiduciario. [106]
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas e Ingeniería
La Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas se estableció en 2010, tras la reorganización de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas e Ingeniería. Se renombró en febrero de 2021 para incorporar el regreso de la ingeniería como disciplina principal. La facultad brinda educación e investigación en química, informática, física, matemáticas, ingeniería y telecomunicaciones. La física y las matemáticas se han estudiado en la universidad desde 1829 y 1830 respectivamente, y hay seis premios Nobel que eran estudiantes o personal académico de la facultad. [107] En particular, su enseñanza de la física experimental es la más antigua de Inglaterra, habiendo fomentado las cátedras de James Clerk Maxwell , Harold A. Wilson , Charles Glover Barkla , Sir Owen Richardson , Sir Edward Appleton y Sir Charles Ellis , tres de los cuales se convirtieron en Premios Nobel. [108]
La química se ha enseñado en King's desde su fundación en 1829, y el medallista de Copley, John Frederic Daniell, fue nombrado primer profesor. [109] El Departamento de Química se vio obligado a cerrar en 2003 debido a una disminución en el número de estudiantes y la reducción de la financiación. [109] En 2012, se estableció un nuevo Departamento de Química y se lanzó una nueva licenciatura, Química con Biomedicina. [109] El nuevo departamento cubre áreas tradicionales de química (química orgánica, inorgánica, física y computacional) y otras disciplinas académicas, incluidas la biología celular y la física. [109]
El Departamento de Ingeniería se estableció en 1838, por lo que podría decirse que es la escuela de ingeniería más antigua del Reino Unido. [110] Igualmente, la King's College Engineering Society es la sociedad más antigua de su tipo, ya que fue fundada en 1847, seis días antes que la Institución de Ingenieros Mecánicos . El Departamento de Ingeniería fue la escuela de ingeniería más grande del Reino Unido en 1893. [110] [111] La División de Ingeniería se cerró en 2013 y se reinstaló en 2019. [110] [112]
Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia Florence Nightingale
La Facultad de Enfermería y Partería de Florence Nightingale es una escuela para enfermeras y parteras. También lleva a cabo investigación en enfermería y ofrece desarrollo profesional continuo y programas de posgrado. Anteriormente conocida como Nightingale Training School y Home for Nurses, la facultad fue establecida por Florence Nightingale en 1860, y es la primera escuela de enfermería del mundo que está continuamente conectada a un hospital y una escuela de medicina en pleno servicio. [113] [114]
La Nightingale Training School se fusionó en 1996 con la Olive Haydon School of Midwifery y la Thomas Guy and Lewisham School of Nursing, y todo el personal y los estudiantes se integraron en King's en 1996. [114] [115]
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas
La Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas se estableció en 2001 y es uno de los centros universitarios más grandes que se centra en la investigación orientada a las políticas en el Reino Unido. [116] Tras una reestructuración en 2016, se divide en cuatro escuelas:
- Escuela de Política y Economía (Estudios Europeos e Internacionales, Estudios del Medio Oriente, Economía Política, Instituto de Rusia)
- Escuela de Educación, Comunicación y Sociedad
- Escuela de Asuntos Globales (Geografía, Medicina y Salud Global, Desarrollo Internacional, Instituto de Brasil, Instituto de India, Instituto Lau China)
- Escuela de Estudios de Seguridad ( Departamento de Estudios de Defensa , Departamento de Estudios de Guerra )
El Departamento de Estudios de Guerra es único en el Reino Unido y cuenta con el apoyo de instalaciones de investigación como el Centro King's de Comunicaciones Estratégicas, el Centro Liddell Hart de Archivos Militares y el Centro King's de Investigación de Salud Militar (KCMHR). [117]
Establecido en 2002, el King's Center for Risk Management (KCRM) realiza investigaciones internacionales relacionadas con la gestión de riesgos, la gobernanza y la comunicación, y apoya varios proyectos, conferencias y becas académicas, lo que facilita la traducción de la investigación de riesgos en soluciones políticas relevantes y prácticas. [118]
La facultad también alberga el Centro de Liderazgo Africano, el Instituto de Historia Británica Contemporánea y el Centro de Ciencias Sociales de Londres Asia Pacífico. [119]
Escuela de Negocios del Rey
King's Business School se estableció en agosto de 2017 en Bush House . La Escuela de Administración y Negocios dentro de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas Públicas fue reformada para crear King's Business School. [120] La escuela fue clasificada en segundo lugar por The Complete University Guide en el Reino Unido para estudios de Negocios y Administración en su tabla de clasificación de 2021. [121]
Tras una expansión de la escuela de negocios, se formaron cuatro centros de investigación de la siguiente manera: [122]
- Análisis digital organizacional y del consumidor (CODA)
- Análisis de datos para finanzas y macro (DAFM)
- Futuros de FinWork
- Centro de Qatar para la banca y las finanzas globales
King's Business School ofrece títulos de grado y posgrado. Ofrece programas en economía, gestión, finanzas, emprendimiento, gestión de recursos humanos y marketing. Los cursos de gestión de pregrado basan su plan de estudios en "teoría empresarial moderna y teoría y práctica de gestión organizacional". Otros campos que se superponen con el contenido básico que se enseña incluyen finanzas, contabilidad, economía, ciencias sociales, psicología y derecho. Los cursos de pregrado como Administración de Empresas cuentan con un alto porcentaje de estudiantes internacionales (81%) y una gran cohorte de mujeres, que comprende el 58% del cuerpo estudiantil. [123] [124]
Finanzas
En el año fiscal que finalizó el 31 de julio de 2019, King's tuvo unos ingresos totales de 901,96 millones de libras esterlinas (2017/18 - 841,03 millones de libras esterlinas) y un gasto total de 1089,88 millones de libras esterlinas (2017/18 - 842,43 millones de libras esterlinas). [125] Las principales fuentes de ingresos incluyeron 393,79 millones de libras esterlinas de las tasas de matrícula y contratos educativos (2017/18 - 342,25 millones de libras esterlinas), 194,68 millones de libras esterlinas de subvenciones y contratos de investigación (2017/18 - 194,42 millones de libras esterlinas), 128,30 millones de libras esterlinas de la financiación Subvenciones del Consejo (2017/18 - £ 123,89 millones) y £ 5,12 millones de ingresos patrimoniales e inversiones (2017/18 - £ 6,19 millones). [125] Durante el ejercicio financiero 2018/19, King's realizó un gasto de capital de 78,9 millones de libras esterlinas (2017/18 - 133,7 millones de libras esterlinas). [125]
Al 31 de julio de 2019, King's tenía dotaciones totales de £ 258,07 millones (31 de julio de 2018 - £ 233,46 millones) y activos netos totales de £ 791,58 millones (31 de julio de 2018 - £ 945,86 millones). [125] King's tiene una calificación crediticia de AA de Standard & Poor's . [125] Su dotación total es la cuarta más alta entre las universidades del Reino Unido; sólo detrás de Oxford , Cambridge y Edimburgo .
En 2013/14, King's tuvo el séptimo ingreso total más alto de todas las universidades británicas. [126] Para 2018/19, ahora es sexto después de superar los ingresos totales de la Universidad de Edimburgo .
En octubre de 2010, King's lanzó una importante campaña de recaudación de fondos, "Preguntas del mundo | Respuestas de King", enfrentada por el ex primer ministro británico John Major , con el objetivo de recaudar £ 500 millones para 2015. [127] Esto se superó incluso antes de 2015 y King's posteriormente. aumentó el objetivo a 600 millones de libras esterlinas. [128] De nuevo cumplió y superó este nuevo objetivo al recaudar £ 610 millones. [129]
Escudo de armas
El escudo de armas que se muestra en la carta del King's College London es el de George IV. El escudo representa el escudo de armas real junto con un escudo de la Casa de Hannover , mientras que los seguidores encarnan el lema del rey de sancte et sapienter . No se cree que haya sobrevivido correspondencia con respecto a la elección de este escudo de armas, ya sea en los archivos de King o en el Colegio de Armas , y se han utilizado una variedad de adaptaciones no oficiales a lo largo de la historia de King. El escudo de armas actual se desarrolló tras las fusiones con Queen Elizabeth College y Chelsea College en 1985 e incorpora aspectos de su heráldica. [6] El escudo de armas oficial, en terminología heráldica , es: [130]
Brazos:
O en un Azur Pálido entre dos Gules respetables rampantes de Leones, un Oro de Ancla con insignia de una Corona Real propiamente dicha en un Jefe Argenta y una Lámpara Antigua como el Oro inflamado entre dos Hogares Ardientes también propiamente dichos .
El escudo y los seguidores:
En un yelmo con una corona o azul Sobre un libro propiamente dicho que se levanta de una corona O el borde engastado con joyas dos Azules (un manifiesto), cuatro Vert (dos manifiestos) y dos Gules, un demi León Gules sosteniendo una Vara de Dexter, una figura femenina Azure habitó la cofia forrada de capa y las mangas Argent sosteniendo en la mano exterior un botony Gold de Lond Cross y una figura masculina siniestra con el Long Coat Azure adornado con la camisa Sable adecuada Argent sosteniendo en la mano interior un Libro propiamente dicho .
Escudo de las facultades de medicina
Aunque la Escuela de Medicina de St Thomas's Hospital y la Escuela de Medicina de Guy se convirtieron en órganos legales separados del Hospital de St Thomas y el Hospital de Guy en 1948, la tradición de usar los escudos y el escudo de armas de los hospitales continúa en la actualidad. [131]
En 1949, la Escuela de Medicina del Hospital St Thomas recibió su propio escudo de armas. Sin embargo, todavía se ha utilizado el escudo de armas del Hospital St Thomas. [131] La Escuela de Medicina de Guy propuso solicitar su propio escudo de armas después de separarse del Hospital de Guy, pero la escuela decidió continuar usando los brazos del Hospital de Guy en 1954. [131] Las dos escuelas de medicina se fusionaron en 1982 y se convirtieron en la United Medical y Escuelas de Odontología de los Hospitales Guy y St Thomas (UMDS). Simon Argles, secretario de la UMDS, dijo que por el nombre de la facultad de medicina era más apropiado usar el escudo del hospital. [131]
UMDS se fusionó con King's College Hospital para convertirse en la Facultad de Medicina de Guy, King y St Thomas en 1998. Los escudos de los hospitales de Guy y St Thomas se utilizan junto con el escudo de King en las publicaciones y materiales de graduación de las escuelas de medicina. [131]
Afiliaciones y asociaciones
King's College London es un colegio constituyente y fue uno de los dos miembros fundadores de la Universidad federal de Londres . [132] King's es miembro de la Asociación de Universidades de la Commonwealth (ACU), la Asociación de Universidades Europeas (EUA) y las Universidades del Reino Unido . En 1998, King's se unió al Russell Group , una asociación de 24 universidades públicas de investigación establecida en 1994. [133] King's es actualmente el único miembro británico de la Red Institucional de Universidades de las Capitales de Europa (UNICA), una red de importantes instituciones de educación superior en las capitales europeas. [134]
King's es miembro fundador del Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC), el mayor bioclúster de ciencias biológicas del mundo [135] establecido con las Universidades de Cambridge y Oxford, University College London e Imperial College London. [136] King's también es el socio fundador de FutureLearn , una enorme plataforma abierta de aprendizaje de cursos en línea fundada en diciembre de 2012. Lanzada en 2014, MedCity es la colaboración entre King's y las otras dos principales universidades de ciencias en Londres, Imperial College y University College London. . [137] En 2016, King's College London, junto con la Universidad Estatal de Arizona y la Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur , forma la PLuS Alliance , una alianza universitaria internacional para abordar los desafíos globales. [138] [139] King's también se considera típicamente como parte del " triángulo dorado ", un grupo de universidades de élite ubicadas en las ciudades inglesas de Cambridge, Oxford y Londres, incluidas las universidades de Cambridge y Oxford, Imperial College London, Londres. Escuela de Economía y University College London. [153]
King's College London también forma parte de King's Health Partners , un centro académico de ciencias de la salud que comprende Guy's and St Thomas 'NHS Foundation Trust , King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, South London y Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust y el propio King's College London. [154] [155] [156] King's es un participante y uno de los miembros fundadores del Instituto Francis Crick . [157] King's ofrece títulos conjuntos con muchas universidades y otras instituciones, incluida la Universidad de Columbia , [158] Universidad de París I , [158] Universidad de Hong Kong , [158] Universidad Nacional de Singapur , [159] Real Academia de Música , [160] Biblioteca Británica , [160] Tate Modern , [160] Shakespeare's Globe , [160] Galería Nacional , [160] Galería Nacional de Retratos [160] y Museo Británico . [161] [162]
La universidad también es miembro del Screen Studies Group, Londres .
Académica
Admisiones
2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aplicaciones [163] | 39,102 | 43,820 | 44,060 | 43,010 | 41.270 | 36,105 |
Tasa de oferta (%) [164] | 64,9 | 69,7 | 66,3 | 66,7 | 63,1 | 60,4 |
Inscripciones [165] | 4.728 | 6.030 | 6.010 | 5.620 | 5,035 | 4.435 |
Producir (%) | 18,6 | 19,7 | 20,6 | 19,6 | 19,3 | 20,3 |
Proporción de solicitantes / inscritos | 8.30 | 7.27 | 7.33 | 7,65 | 8,20 | 8.14 |
Tarifa de entrada media [166] [nota 1] | n / A | 172 | 432 | 462 | 453 |
King's tuvo la 13a calificación de ingreso promedio más alta para estudiantes universitarios de cualquier universidad del Reino Unido en 2018, con nuevos estudiantes con un promedio de 171 puntos UCAS. [167] En 2015, la universidad dio ofertas de admisión al 66,7% de sus solicitantes, el séptimo más bajo entre el Grupo Russell . [168]
El 24,4% de los estudiantes universitarios de King tienen una educación privada , la decimocuarta proporción más alta entre las principales universidades británicas. [169] En el año académico 2016-17, la universidad tenía un desglose de domicilios de 67:12:20 de estudiantes del Reino Unido: UE: no pertenecientes a la UE, respectivamente, con una proporción de mujeres a hombres de 62:37. [170]
A freedom-of-information request in 2015 revealed that the university received 31,857 undergraduate applications and made 13,302 offers in 2014–15. This resulted in an offer rate of 41.8%, a yield rate on offers of 45.3% and an overall acceptance rate of 18.9%.[171] In 2018, King's College London received 39,102 undergraduate applications, with only 4,728 places accepted it means an overall acceptance rate of 12.1%.[172] The School of Medicine received 1,764 applications, only 39 offers were made resulting in an offer rate of just 2.2%. Nursery & Midwifery, Physiotherapy and Clinical Dentistry had the lowest offer rates of 14%, 16% and 17% respectively.[173]
Teaching
King's academic year runs from the last Monday in September to the first Friday in June.[174] Different faculties and departments adopt different academic term structures. For example, the academic year of the Mathematics School and Department of War Studies is divided into three terms (Autumn, Spring and Summer terms);[175][176] while the Faculty of Arts & Humanities academic year runs in two semesters.[177]
Graduation
Graduation ceremonies are held in January (winter) and June or July (summer), with ceremonies for students from most faculties held in next door to the Waterloo Campus at the Southbank Centre on the banks of the Thames. Ceremonies were held at Europe's largest arts complex, the Barbican Centre, until 2018.
Owing to St Thomas's Medical School roots that could be traced to St Mary Overie Priory, students from the GKT School of Medical Education and Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences graduate from Southwark Cathedral adjacent to Guy's Campus.[178]
After being vested the power to award its own degrees separately from the University of London in 2006,[48] graduates began wearing King's College London academic dress in 2008. King's graduates have since worn gowns designed by Vivienne Westwood.[179]
Research
In 2013/14 King's had a total research income of £171.55 million, of which £47.64 million was from UK charitable bodies; £38.26 million from Research Councils; £32.97 million from UK central government, local authorities, health and hospital authorities; £21.38 million from EU government and other bodies; £17.09 million from overseas (excluding EU); £13.11 million from UK industry, commerce and public corporations; and £1.11 million from other sources.[125]
King's submitted a total of 1,369 staff across 27 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment (compared with 1,172 submitted to the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE 2008)).[180] In the REF results 40% of King's submitted research was classified as 4*, 45% as 3*, 13% as 2* and 2% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.23.[181] In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results King's was ranked 6th overall for research power and 7th for GPA (compared to 11th and joint 22nd respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).[181] The Times Higher Education described King's as "arguably the biggest winner" in REF2014 after it rose 15 places on GPA, while submitting about 200 more people.[180]
Medicine
King's claims to be the largest centre for healthcare education in Europe.[11] King's College London School of Medicine has over 2,000 undergraduate students, over 1,400 teachers, four main teaching hospitals – Guy's Hospital, King's College Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital and University Hospital Lewisham – and 17 associated district general hospitals.[182] It is also ranked the 8th best University in the world to study Medicine at. King's College London Dental Institute is the largest dental school in Europe.[183] The Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery is the oldest professional school of nursing in the world [184] and often seen as one of the most prestigious in the UK.[185][186][187]
King's is a major centre for biomedical research. It is a founding member of King's Health Partners, one of the largest academic health sciences centres in Europe with a turnover of over £2 billion and approximately 25,000 employees.[11] It also is home to six Medical Research Council centres, and is part of two of the twelve biomedical research centres established by the NHS in England – the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London.[188]
The Drug Control Centre at King's was established in 1978 and is the only WADA accredited anti-doping laboratory in the UK and holds the official UK contract for running doping tests on UK athletes.[189] In 1997, it became the first International Olympic Committee accredited laboratory to meet the ISO/IEC 17025 quality standard.[190] The centre was the anti-doping facility for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[191]
Libraries
King's library facilities are spread across its campuses. The collections encompass over one million printed books, as well as thousands of journals and electronic resources.
Maughan Library
The Maughan Library is King's largest library and is housed in the Grade II* listed 19th century gothic former Public Record Office building situated on Chancery Lane at the Strand Campus. The building was designed by Sir James Pennethorne and is home to the books and journals of the Schools of Arts & Humanities, Law, Natural & Mathematical Sciences, and Social Science & Public Policy. It also houses the Special Collections and rare books. Inside the Library is the octagonal Round Reading Room, inspired by the reading room of the British Museum, and the former Rolls Chapel (renamed the Weston Room following a donation from the Garfield Weston Foundation) with its stained glass windows, mosaic floor and monuments, including a Renaissance terracotta figure by Pietro Torrigiano of Dr Yonge, Master of the Rolls, who died in 1516.
Other libraries
- Foyle Special Collections Library: Situated at Chancery Lane, the library houses a collection of 180,000 printed works as well as thousands of maps, slides, sound recordings and some manuscript material.[192] The collections are built up by purchase, gift and bequest over centuries, which cover all subject areas and contain many special items, including incunabula.[193] The collections are particularly strong in European military and diplomatic history, Jewish and Christian theology, the history of the British Empire, Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean, Germany, voyages and travels, medicine and science.[193]
- Tony Arnold Library: Situated at Chancery Lane, it houses a collection of over 3000 law books and 140 law journals. It was named after Tony Arnold, the longest serving Secretary of the Institute of Taxation. The library was opened on 18 December 1997, and in September 2001, the library became part of the law collection of King's College London.[194][195]
- Archives Reading Room: Situated at Chancery Lane, it holds a collection of institutional and research papers from King's and organisations merged with or founded by King's (such as King’s College Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ medical and dental schools, the Institute of Psychiatry).[196] The reading room also houses research papers of former staff and students, including Sir Charles Wheatstone, Maurice Wilkins and Eric Mottram.[196]
- Franklin-Wilkins Library: Situated at the Waterloo Campus, the library is home to extensive management and education holdings, as well as wide-ranging biomedical, health and life sciences coverage includes nursing, midwifery, public health, pharmacy, biological and environmental sciences, biochemistry and forensic science.[197]
- Wills Library and Keats Room: Situated in the Hodgkin Building at Guy's Campus, it was originally the main library for the Guy’s Hospital Medical School. The Wills Library was a gift in 1903 by the former governor of Guy's Hospital, the late Sir Frederick Wills[198] and it was opened as the Medical School Library.[199] Many books, archives and documents that were kept in the Wills Library, such as Guy's committee minute books, have been moved to the King's College London Archives in 2004,[199] although the library still contains a collection of books that can be retrieved by request.[200] The Wills Library also incorporates the Keats Room named after King's alumni John Keats, who was a medical student at Guy's Hospital.[200]
- New Hunt's House Library: Situated at Guy's Campus, the library covers all aspects of biomedical science, including anatomy, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology and physiology. There are also extensive resources for medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy and health services.[201]
- St Thomas' House Library: Situated at St Thomas' Campus, its holdings cover all aspects of basic medical sciences, clinical medicine and health services research, and particularly focus on dermatology and paediatrics.[202]
- Institute of Psychiatry Library: The library is the largest psychiatric library in Western Europe,[203] holding 3,000 print journal titles, 550 of which are current subscriptions, as well as access to over 3,500 electronic journals, 42,000 books, and training materials. The collections focus on psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, neurology, genetics and psychotherapy.[204]
- Weston Education Centre Library: Situated at the Denmark Hill Campus, the library has particular strengths in the areas of gastroenterology, liver disease, diabetes, obstetrics, gynaecology, paediatrics and the history of medicine.[205] The collection supports the teaching and research of the GKT School of Medicine and the Dental Institute, and also the clinical work of the King's College Hospital and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.[205]
Additionally, King's students and staff have full access to Senate House Library, the central library for the University of London and the School of Advanced Study.[206] Undergraduate and postgraduate students also have reference access to libraries of other University of London institutions under the University of London Libraries Access Agreement.[207]
Museums, galleries and collections
King's currently operates two museums: Gordon Museum of Pathology and Museum of Life Sciences. Opened in 1905 at Guy's Campus, the Gordon Museum is the largest medical museum in the United Kingdom,[208] and houses a collection of approximately 8000 pathological specimens, artefacts, models and paintings, including Astley Cooper's specimens and Sir Joseph Lister's antiseptic spray.[209] The Museum of Life Sciences was founded in 2009 adjacent to the Gordon Museum, and it houses historic biological and pharmaceutical collections from the constituent colleges of the modern King's College London.[210]
Between 1843 and 1927, the King George III Museum was a museum within King's College London which housed the collections of scientific instruments of George III and eminent nineteenth-century scientists (including Sir Charles Wheatstone and Charles Babbage). Due to space constraints within King's, much of the museum's collections were transferred on loan to the Science Museum in London or kept in King's College London Archives.[211]
The Anatomy Museum was a museum situated on the 6th floor of the King's Building at the Strand Campus. The Anatomy Theatre was built next door to the museum in 1927,[212] where anatomical dissections and demonstrations took place. The Anatomy Museum's collection includes casts of injuries, leather models, skins of various animals from Western Australia donated to the museum in 1846,[213] and casts of heads of John Bishop and Thomas Williams, the murderers in the Italian Boy's murder in 1831.[214] The last dissection in the Anatomy Theatre was performed in 1997.[212] The Anatomy Theatre and Museum was renovated and refurbished in 2009, and is now a facility for teaching, research and performance at King's.[215]
The Foyle Special Collections Library also houses a number of special collections, range in date from the 15th century to present, and in subject from human anatomy to Modern Greek poetry.[216] The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Historical Collection is the largest collection contains material from the former FCO Library. The collection was a working tool used by the British government to inform and influence foreign and colonial policy.[217] Transferred to King’s in 2007, the FCO Historical Collection contains over 80,000 items including books, pamphlets, manuscript, and photographic material.[217] The Medical Collection include the historical library collections of the constituent medical schools and institutes of King's. The Rare Books Collection holds 12,000 printed books, including a 1483 Venice printing of Silius Italicus’s Punica, first editions of Charles Dickens' novels, and the 1937 (first) edition of George Orwell's The Road to Wigan Pier.[218]
King’s College London Archives holds the institution's records, which are among the richest higher education records in London.[219] King's archives collections include institutional archives of King's since 1828, archives of institutions and schools that were created by or have merged with King's, and records relating to the history of medicine. Founded in 1964, the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives holds the private papers of over 800 senior British defence personnel who held office since 1900.[220]
Science Gallery London is set to open in 2018 on the Guy's Campus.[221] It is a public science centre where 'art and science collide',[222] and is a part of Global Science Gallery Network.[221][223] A flagship project for 'Culture at King’s College London', Science Gallery will include 2,000 m2 (21,528 sq ft) of public space and a newly landscaped Georgian courtyard.[222] There will be exhibition galleries, theatres, meeting spaces and a café; while unlike other science centre, it will have no permanent collection.[222] Daniel Glaser, the former Head of Engaging Science at Wellcome Trust, is Director of Science Gallery London.[222]
Rankings and reputation
National rankings | |
---|---|
Complete (2021)[224] | 20 |
Guardian (2021)[225] | 42 |
Times / Sunday Times (2021)[226] | 30 |
Global rankings | |
ARWU (2020)[227] | 47 |
CWTS Leiden (2020)[228] | 39 |
QS (2021)[229] | 31= |
THE (2021)[230] | 35 |
British Government assessment | |
Teaching Excellence Framework[231] | Silver |
Among global university rankings, King's is ranked 31st equal by the 2021 QS World University Rankings, 35th by the 2021 world university rankings of the Times Higher Education, 34th by the 2021 U.S. News & World Report (Best Global Universities Rankings) and 47th worldwide by the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities.[232][233]
As of 2021, King's is ranked in the top seven UK universities in all the six major academic rankings of global universities: QS, Times Higher Education, ARWU, University Ranking by Academic Performance, U.S. News & World Report (Best Global Universities Rankings) and Center for World University Rankings.[234][235][236]
According to the 2021 Complete University Guide, 9 out of the 30 subjects offered by King's rank within the top 10 nationally, including Business & Management Studies (2nd), Law (4th), Psychology (5th), Linguistics (6th), Food Science (7th), Sociology (8th), Dentistry (9th), Classics & Ancient History (9th), and Biological Sciences (10th).[237] The Guardian University Guide 2021 ranks King's in the top ten in 6 subjects, including Psychology (2nd), Politics (5th), Law (6th), Anatomy & physiology (8th), Media & film studies (9th), and Philosophy (9th). The Times Higher Education ranks King's College London the top 20 universities in the world for Psychology (11th), and Clinical, pre-clinical & health (16th) in the 2021 World University Rankings by subject.[238] King's College London has had 24 of its subject-areas awarded the highest rating of 5 or 5* for research quality in the 2004 Research Assessment Exercise,[239] and in 2007 it received a good result in its audit by the Quality Assurance Agency.[239]
King's was ranked joint 14th overall in The Sunday Times 10-year (1998–2007) average ranking of British universities based on consistent league table performance.[240] In recent years, however, the university has performed less well in domestic league tables, being placed outside of the top 20 in all three major tables for 2016. The methodologies of these tables include student satisfaction scores with teaching and feedback as a significant input.[241][242] In common with most other London institutions, King's performs less well on the National Student Survey (NSS), ranking 133rd for student satisfaction (out of 160 institutes) in the 2015 survey.[243]
According to the 2015 Times and Sunday Times University Guide, their inclusion of student satisfaction scores, along with international guides including reputation scores from academics and employers, explains the disparity between King's ranking on their (domestic) table and global tables. They add that when the university is ranked according to student satisfaction scores from undergraduates on factors such as academic support, teaching, assessment and feedback, "King’s ranks 106 out of 123 institutions", although "despite the iffy student satisfaction scores, students continue to apply here in their droves" with an average of 8.1 applicants per place available for 2014 entry.[244] However, although the Complete University Guide has used the results of the NSS since at least 2011,[245] King's retained a position in their top 20 until the 2015 tables (published 2014),[246] managing 19th on the 2014 tables despite ranking joint 102nd (out of 124) for student satisfaction.[247]
In a survey by The New York Times assessing the most valued graduates by business leaders, King's College London graduates ranked 22nd in the world and 5th in the UK.[248] In the 2015 Global Employability University Survey of international recruiters, King's is ranked 43rd in the world and 7th in the UK.[249] King's was chosen as the 5th best UK university by major British employers in 2015.[250]
In 2014, King's ranked 5th amongst multidisciplinary UK universities for highest graduate starting salaries (i.e. graduates' average annual salary six months after graduation).[251] In a big data research by the Institute for Fiscal Studies, University of Cambridge and Harvard University, it was revealed the top 10% of King's male graduates working in England were the 7th highest earning students 10 years after graduation in comparison to graduates of all Higher Education providers (both multi and uni-disciplinary universities) in the UK and the top 10% of its female graduates were the 9th highest earning students 10 years after graduation in the same study.[252] The Guardian University Guide 2017 named King's as the 6th best university in the country for graduate career prospects, with 84.3% of students finding graduate-level jobs within six months of graduation.[253]
In September 2010, the Sunday Times selected King's as the "University of the Year 2010–11".[254] King's was ranked as the 5th best university in the UK for the quality of graduates according to recruiters from the UK's major companies.[255]
Associateship of King's College
The Associateship of King's College (AKC) is the original award of King's College, dating back to its foundation in 1829 and first awarded in 1835. It was designed to reflect the twin objectives of King's College's 1829 royal charter to maintain the connection between "sound religion and useful learning" and to teach the "doctrines and duties of Christianity".[256]
Today, the AKC is a modern tradition that offers an inclusive, research-led programme of lectures that gives students the opportunities to engage with religious, philosophical and ethical issues alongside their main degree course. Graduates of King’s College London may be eligible to be elected as 'Associates' of King's College by the authority of King's College London council, delegated to the academic board. After election, they are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "AKC".[257]
Fellowship of King's College
The Fellowship of King's College (FKC) is the highest award that can be bestowed upon an individual by King's College London. The award of the fellowship is governed by a statute of King's College London and reflects distinguished service to King's by a member of staff, conspicuous service to King's, or the achievement of distinction by those who were at one time closely associated with King's College London.[258]
The proposal to establish a fellowship of King's was first considered in 1847.[259] John Allen, a former chaplain of King's, was the first FKC. Each fellow had to pay two guineas for the fellowship privilege initially, but the fee was ceased from 1850.[259] A wide variety of people were elected as fellows of King's, including former principal Alfred Barry, former King’s student then professor Thorold Rogers, architect William Burges and ornithologist Robert Swinhoe.[259] The first women fellows were elected in 1904.[259] Lilian Faithfull, vice-principal of the King’s Ladies’ Department from 1894 to 1906, was one of the first women fellows.[259]
Vida de estudiante
Students' union
Founded in 1873,[260] King's College, London Union Society which later, in 1908, reorganised into King's College London Students' Union, better known by its acronym KCLSU, is the oldest students' union in London (University College London Union being founded in 1893)[261] and has a claim to being the oldest Students' Union in England.[262][263] Athletic Club was one of the nineteenth-century student societies at King's formed in 1884.[264] The union provides a wide range of activities and services, including over 50 sports clubs (which includes the boat club which rows on the River Thames and the rifle club which uses the college's shooting range located at the disused Aldwych tube station beneath the Strand Campus),[265] over 200 activity groups,[266] a wide range of volunteering opportunities, bars/eateries (The Shack, The Shed, The Vault and Guy's Bar), a shop (King's Shop) and a gym (Kinetic Fitness Club). Between 1992 and 2013 the union operated a nightclub, Tutu's, named after alumnus Desmond Tutu.[267]
The former President of KCLSU, Sir Ivison Macadam, after whom the former students' union building on the Strand Campus (Macadam Building) is named, went on to be elected as the first president of the National Union of Students.[268]
"Reggie the Lion" (informally "Reggie") is the official mascot of the students' union. In total there are four Reggies in existence. The original can be found on display in the undercroft of the Union's Bush House base at the Strand Campus. A papier-mâché Reggie lives outside the Great Hall at the Strand Campus. The third Reggie, given as a gift by alumnus Willie Kwan, guards the entrance of Willies Common Room in Somerset House East Wing.[269] A small sterling silver incarnation is displayed during graduation ceremonies, which was presented to King’s by former Halliburton Professor of Physiology, Robert John Stewart McDowall, in 1959.[270]
KCLSU owns and operates several student run social spaces, including the cafe/coffee shop The Shed, and the bars Guy's Bar (both on Guy's Campus), The Vault and Philosophy Bar (both on Strand campus).
Student media
KCLSU Student Media won Student Media of the Year 2014 at the Ents Forum awards[271] and came in the top three student media outlets in the country at the NUS Awards 2014.[272]
Roar News is a tabloid newspaper for students at King's which is owned and funded by KCLSU. It is editorially independent of both the university and the students' union and its award-winning website is read by tens of thousands of people per month in over 100 countries.[273] In 2014 it had a successful awards season, scooping several national awards and commendations, including a Mind Media Award and Student Media of the Year.[272][274]
The radio station of KCLSU, KCL Radio, was founded in 2009 as a podcast producer. The first live broadcast of KCL Radio was in 2011 at the London Varsity.[275] In 2013, KCL Radio relaunched as a live station with more than 45 hours of live programming a week. The schedule of the radio station includes news, music, entertainment, debate, sport and live performance.[275]
Other King's student media groups include the student television station KingsTV, and the photographic society KCLSU PhotoSoc.[276]
Sports
There are over 60 sports clubs, many of which compete in the University of London and British Universities & Colleges (BUCS) leagues across the South East.[265] The annual Macadam Cup is a varsity match played between the sports teams of King's College London proper (KCL) and King's College London Medical School (KCLMS). King's students and staff have played an important part in the formation of the London Universities and Colleges Athletics.
Created in January 2013, King’s Sport, a partnership between King's College London and KCLSU, manages all the sports activities and facilities of King's.[277][278] King’s Sport runs three fitness centres at the Waterloo, Guy's and Strand Campuses which include various studio spaces. King’s Sport also operates three sports grounds in New Malden, Honor Oak Park and Dulwich.[279] There are also on-campus sports facilities at Guy’s, St Thomas's and Denmark Hill campuses.[280] King's students and staff can utilize Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust's fitness centre and swimming pool based within the Guy's and St Thomas' hospitals.[280][281]
Societies and organisations
In addition to their sporting societies, King's College London also boast 300 other societies and groups in a wide variety of activities.[282] The Societies can be categorised by twelve main groups; Academic, Business & Entrepreneurship, Campaign, Common Interest, Culture, Faith & Spirituality, Fundraising, Media, Medical, Music Performance & Creative, Political and Volunteering.
Student-led think tank
In February 2011, King's College London students founded London's first student-led think tank, the King’s Think Tank (formerly known as KCL Think Tank).[283] With a membership of more than 2000,[284][285] it is the largest organisation of its kind in Europe.[286] This student initiative organises lectures and discussions in seven different policy areas, and assists students in lobbying politicians, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other policymakers with their ideas. Every September, it produces a peer-reviewed journal of policy recommendations called The Spectrum.[287][288]
Music
There are many music societies at King's including a cappella groups, orchestras, choir, musical theatre and jazz society.[289] King's has three orchestras: King's College London Symphony Orchestra (KCLSO), King's College London Chamber Orchestra and KCL Concert Orchestra.[289]
Founded in 1945, the Choir of King's College London, one of the most acclaimed university choirs in England,[290][291] consists of around 30 choral scholars.[292] The choir regularly broadcasts on BBC Radio 3 and Radio 4 and has made recordings mainly focus on 16th-century English and Spanish repertoire.[292]
All the King's Men (AtKM) is an all-male a cappella ensemble from King's College London. Founded in 2009, it has since risen to prominence in the university, becoming the first group outside of Oxford and Cambridge to win The Voice Festival UK.[293][294]
Pop Superstar, Taylor Swift played at Strand Campus for her first UK gig.
Rivalry with University College London
Competition within the University of London is most intense between King's and University College London, the two oldest institutions. Indeed, the University of London when it was established has been described as "an umbrella organisation designed to disguise the rivalry between UCL and KCL."[295] In the early twentieth century, King's College London and UCL rivalry was centred on their respective mascots.[296] University College's was Phineas Maclino, a wooden tobacconist's sign of a kilted Jacobite Highlander purloined from outside a shop in Tottenham Court Road during the celebrations of the relief of Ladysmith in 1900. King's later addition was a giant beer bottle representing "bottled youth". In 1923 it was replaced by a new mascot to rival Phineas – Reggie the Lion, who made his debut at a King's–UCL sporting rag in December 1923, protected by a lifeguard of engineering students armed with T-squares. Thereafter, Reggie formed the centrepiece of annual freshers' processions by King's students around Aldwych in which new students were typically flour bombed.[297]
Although riots between respective college students occurred in central London well into the 1950s, rivalry is now limited to the rugby union pitch and skulduggery over mascots, with the annual London Varsity series culminating in the historic match between King's College London RFC and University College London RFC.[296][298]
Rivalry with the London School of Economics
On 2 December 2005, tensions between King's and the London School of Economics (LSE) were ignited when at least 200 students from LSE (located in Aldwych near the Strand Campus) diverted off from the annual "barrel run" and caused an estimated £32,000 of damage to the English department at King's.[299][300] The Times reported that LSE director Howard Davies attended the fun run event,[301][302] while LSE claimed that Davies only attended for a short time.[303] King's principal, Sir Rick Trainor, deplored the behaviour, appealed to King's students to remain calm and called for no retaliation.[304][305] The LSE Students' Union later on 6 December issued a formal apology, condemned the actions, as well as promising to foot the bill for the damage repair.[303][305]
Student residences
Halls of residence
King's has a total of thirteen halls of residence located throughout London. Accommodation is guaranteed for first year undergraduates and international postgraduates.[306] Great Dover Street Apartments, Wolfson House and Iris Brook and Orchard Lisle are located on Guy's Campus in London Bridge. Brian Creamer House, which was named after Dean of St Thomas's Hospital Medical School Brian Creamer,[307] and the Rectory are situated in the grounds of Lambeth Palace near St Thomas' Campus. Stamford Street Apartments is located opposite Waterloo Campus and within walking distance of Strand Campus, and Champion Hill Residence is close to Denmark Hill Campus in south London. Urbanest Tower Bridge is located within a walking distance from the Tower of London and Tower Bridge. There are two new accommodations for 2018 such as Atlas and Vauxhall. Angel Lane in Stratford, Ewen Henderson Court, Julian Markham House in Elephant and Castle, Moonraker Point in Southwark and Stratford One are nominated residences run by the Unite Group.[308] Hampstead Residence was a residence near the former King's Hampstead Campus, but was sold by King's College London and is no longer a King's venue.[309]
Intercollegiate halls of residence
In addition to halls of residence run by King's, full-time students are eligible to stay at one of the Intercollegiate Halls of Residence offered by the University of London. King's has the largest number of bedspaces in the University of London Intercollegiate Halls.[310] There are a total of eight intercollegiate halls of the University of London. Canterbury Hall, College Hall, Commonwealth Hall, Connaught Hall, Hughes Parry Hall and International Hall are located near Russell Square in Bloomsbury. Lillian Penson Hall is situated in Paddington, and Nutford House is situated in Marble Arch. Additionally, students can apply to live in International Students House.
Gente notable
Notable alumni
Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureates Peter Higgs (Physics),[311] Michael Houghton (Medicine), Michael Levitt (Chemistry),[312] Max Theiler (Medicine) and Sir Frederick Hopkins (Medicine);[313][314] polymath Sir Francis Galton;[315] Raymond Gosling who took Photograph 51 which was critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA; co-discoverer of Hepatitis C and of the Hepatitis D genome Qui-Lim Choo;[316] pioneer of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) Patrick Steptoe;[317] mammal cloning pioneer Keith Campbell;[318] pathologist Thomas Hodgkin;[319] founder of modern hospice philosophy Dame Cicely Saunders; botanist David Bellamy;[320] Shaw Prize laureate Sir Richard Doll; Kyoto Prize laureate Anthony Pawson;[321] Wolf Prize laureates Michael Fisher (Physics) and Sir James Gowans (Medicine); Lasker Award winner John Hughes; Gairdner Foundation International Award winner R. John Ellis; Beriberi researcher Takaki Kanehiro; inventor of Kerosene Abraham Pineo Gesner; inventor of the Seismometer John Milne, and at least 111 Fellows of the Royal Society.
Notable King's alumni in poetry and literature include the poet John Keats (Guy's Hospital),[319] the dramatist Sir W. S. Gilbert,[322] and the writers Thomas Hardy, Sir Arthur C. Clarke, Virginia Woolf,[319] Alain de Botton, Sir Michael Morpurgo, W. Somerset Maugham, Charles Kingsley, C. S. Forester, John Ruskin, Radclyffe Hall, Dame Susan Hill,[319] Hanif Kureishi, Maureen Duffy,[319] Khushwant Singh, Sir Leslie Stephen and the Booker Prize winner Anita Brookner.
King's alumni in religion include the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town, Desmond Tutu,[323] former Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Carey,[324] former Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Lord Sacks,[325] Primate of All Ireland, Richard Clarke, Archbishops of Cape Town, Njongonkulu Ndungane and Joost de Blank, Archbishop of the West Indies John Holder, Archbishop of New Zealand Churchill Julius, Bishop of Cape Coast, Victor Atta-Baffoe, and the Ethiopian cardinal Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel.
Notable King's alumni to have held senior positions in British politics include two Speakers of the House of Commons (Lord Maybray-King and Lord Ullswater) and the former Cabinet ministers Lord Watkinson, Lord Passfield and Lord Wilmot. As of the current Parliament there are 20 King's graduates in the House of Commons, namely Alex Burghart, Nic Dakin,[326] Mark Francois,[327] John Glen, Dan Jarvis, Phillip Lee,[328] Brandon Lewis,[329] Sarah Newton,[330] Matthew Offord,[331] Sarah Olney, Dan Poulter,[332] Lucy Powell,[333] Bob Seely, Tulip Siddiq,[334] Keith Simpson, Sir Gary Streeter,[335] Gareth Thomas,[336] Michael Tomlinson, David Warburton,[337] and Sarah Wollaston.[338] As of the current Parliament there are 17 King's graduates in the House of Lords including Lord Carlile,[339] Lord Clinton-Davis, Lord Dunlop,[340] Lord Kakkar,[341] Lord MacGregor, Baroness Morgan, Baroness O'Loan,[342] Lord Owen, Lord Plant,[343] Lord Rowlands,[344] Baroness Watkins, and the Lords Spiritual Tim Dakin,[345] Nick Holtam,[346] and Tim Thornton.[347]
King's alumni in the arts include the impressionist Rory Bremner;[348] Queen bassist John Deacon;[348] Chief Executive of the Royal Opera House Alex Beard; Oscar winners Greer Garson, Edmund Gwenn and Anne Dudley; Grammy Award winners Boris Karloff, Sir John Eliot Gardiner and Peter Asher; Emmy Award winning director Sacha Gervasi, and the Golden Globe-winning composer Michael Nyman.[349]
In law, King's alumni include the current High Court judges Sir David Foskett, Dame Geraldine Andrews and Dame Bobbie Cheema-Grubb;[350][351][352] Judge of the International Court of Justice, Patrick Lipton Robinson;[353] Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court Karim Khan, former Chief Justice of Western Australia, Wayne Martin, and the current Attorneys General of Jamaica (Marlene Malahoo Forte), Trinidad and Tobago (Faris Al-Rawi) and Bermuda (Trevor Moniz).[354][355][356]
King's alumni in the military include the former Chairman of the NATO Military Committee Petr Pavel, former Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe Sir Adrian Bradshaw, the former head of the British Army Lord Harding, First Sea Lord Tony Radakin, Chief of the Air Staff Sir Michael Wigston, head of the Singapore Armed Forces Neo Kian Hong, head of the Nigerian Armed Forces Ola Ibrahim, head of the Maltese Armed Forces Martin Xuereb, head of the Malaysian Army Md Hashim bin Hussein, head of the Pakistan Air Force Sohail Aman, head of the Sri Lankan Air Force Harsha Abeywickrama and two heads of the Indian Air Force, Pratap Chandra Lal and Sir Richard Peirse; four Commandant Generals of the Royal Marines, Matthew Holmes, Ed Davis, Andy Salmon, and Sir Robert Fry, and two recipients of the Victoria Cross, Ferdinand Le Quesne and Mark Sever Bell.
King's is also the alma mater of the founder of Bentley Motors, Walter Bentley;[357] oil magnate and philanthropist Calouste Gulbenkian; journalists Martin Bashir, Sophie Long, Jane Corbin, Tom Rogan, Sean Fletcher, Anita Anand and David Bond;[358] and the Olympic gold medalists Dame Katherine Grainger,[319][359] Paul Bennett,[360] Kieran West,.[361]
Romantic poet John Keats (Medicine, 1816)
Polymath Sir Francis Galton (Medicine, 1839)
Dramatist Sir W. S. Gilbert of Gilbert and Sullivan (BA, 1856)
1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate Sir Frederick Hopkins (Medicine, 1894)
1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate Max Theiler (Medicine)
Science fiction writer Sir Arthur C. Clarke (BSc, 1948)
Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Carey (BD, 1962)
Impressionist and comedian Rory Bremner (BA, 1984)
Writer and philosopher Alain de Botton (MPhil, 1992)
Deputy Supreme Commander of Europe Sir Adrian Bradshaw (MSc, 1991)
Olympic rower and gold medalist Katherine Grainger (PhD, 2013)
Neuroscientist and former President of the Royal Society of Biology Dame Nancy Rothwell (PhD, 1979)
Politician and doctor Baroness Edith Summerskill (MBBS, 1924)
Nobel laureates
There are 14 Nobel laureates who were either students or academics at King's College London.[313] The latest laureate is Michael Houghton who received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[362]
Notable academics and staff
King's has benefited from the services of academics and staff at the top of their fields, including Sir Charles Lyell (lawyer and geologist), Sir Charles Wheatstone (best known for the Wheatstone bridge), Robert Bentley Todd (best known for describing Todd's paresis), James Clerk Maxwell (mathematical physicist), Florence Nightingale (the founder of modern nursing), Joseph Lister (pioneer of antiseptic surgery), Charles Barkla (best known for the study of X-rays), Sir Charles Sherrington (known for his work on the functions of neurons), Sir Edward Appleton (physicist), Sir Owen Richardson (physicist), Maurice Wilkins (best known for contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA), Rosalind Franklin (best known for contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA), Mario Vargas Llosa (writer), Sir Roger Penrose (mathematical physicist) and John Ellis (theoretical physicist).
Sir Charles Lyell
Sir Charles Wheatstone
Robert Bentley Todd
James Clerk Maxwell
Florence Nightingale
Joseph Lister
Charles Barkla
Sir Charles Sherrington
Sir Edward Appleton
Sir Owen Richardson
Maurice Wilkins
Mario Vargas Llosa
John Ellis
Heads of state, government and international organizations
King's has educated numerous foreign Heads of State and Government including two former Presidents of Cyprus, Tassos Papadopoulos[363] and Glafcos Clerides,[364] Prime Minister of Jordan Marouf al-Bakhit,[365] President of the Seychelles France-Albert René,[366] Prime Minister of the Bahamas Sir Lynden Pindling,[367] President of Uganda Godfrey Binaisa,[368] Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz,[369] Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis Sir Lee Moore,[370] Governor General of Ghana William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel, Governor General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sir Sydney Gun-Munro, Governor of The British Virgin Islands Augustus Jaspert,[371] Governors of the Turks and Caicos Islands Martin Bourke[372] and John Freeman,[373] Governor of the Falkland Islands Nigel Phillips,[374] and Acting Prime Minister of Moldova Natalia Gherman.
At ministerial level King's alumni include Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada (Anne McLellan), Singapore (S. Rajaratnam) and Egypt (Ziad Bahaa-Eldin); Vice Presidents of Kenya (Michael Kijana Wamalwa) and Sierra Leone (Francis Minah and Abdulai Conteh); Foreign Ministers of Bulgaria (Nickolay Mladenov, now UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process), Japan (Hayashi Tadasu), Malaysia (Rais Yatim), Pakistan (Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, later President of the UN General Assembly and the International Court of Justice), Ghana (Obed Asamoah), Kenya (James Nyamweya), Sierra Leone (J. B. Dauda) and Guyana (Sir Shridath Ramphal, later Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, and Frederick Wills); and Irish Finance Minister Michael Collins.
State/Government | Individual | Office | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Bahamas | Sir Lynden Pindling | Prime Minister (1969–1992) Premier (1967–1969) | [375][376] |
British Virgin Islands | Augustus Jaspert | Governor (2017–) | [377] |
Cyprus | Tassos Papadopoulos | President (2003–2008) | [363] |
Cyprus | Glafcos Clerides | President (1993–2003) | [378][364] |
Cyprus | John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton | Governor (1955–1957) | [379] |
Falkland Islands | Nigel Phillips | Governor (2017–) | [380] |
Ghana | William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel | Governor-General (1957–1960) | [381] |
Gibraltar | Ed Davis | Governor (2016–) | [382] |
Grenada | Maurice Bishop | President (1979–1983) | [383] |
Iraq | Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz | Prime Minister (1965–1966) | [384] |
Ireland | Michael Collins | Chairman of the Irish Provisional Government (1922) | [385][386] |
Jordan | Marouf al-Bakhit | Prime Minister (2005–2007; 2011) | [387][365] |
Moldova | Natalia Gherman | Acting Prime Minister (2015) | [388][389] |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Sir Lee Moore | Prime Minister (1979–1980) | [370] |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Sir Sydney Gun-Munro | Governor (1976–1979) Governor-General (1979–1985) | [390] |
Seychelles | France-Albert René | Prime Minister (1976–1977) President (1977–2004) | [375][391][392] |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Martin Bourke | Governor (1993–1996) | [372] |
Turks and Caicos Islands | John Freeman | Governor (2016–) | [393] |
Uganda | Godfrey Binaisa | President (1979–1981) | [394] |
En la cultura popular
Film and television settings
The neoclassical facade of King's, with the passage which connects the Strand to the Somerset House terrace has been utilised to reproduce the late Victorian Strand in the opening scenes of Oliver Parker's 2002 film The Importance of Being Earnest. The East Wing of King's appears, as a part of Somerset House, in a number of other productions, such as Wilde, Flyboys, and The Duchess.[395]
In the 2016 film, Inferno, the character Dr. Sienna Brooks had earlier informed the main character, Harvard University Professor Robert Langdon, in his hospital bed that she saw him lecture at Imperial College London when she was 9. Then after she rescues him from an assassin and takes him to her apartment, he sees a picture frame in her apartment with a newspaper cut-out in it stating "Prodigy, 12, to attend King's College".
The Maughan Library has also been the location of some film shoots of popular movies and TV series, most notably Johnny English (see Maughan Library description), The Imitation Game, Enola Holmes and V for Vendetta.[395] Corridors from Guy’s Campus were also used in the making of BBC series Killing Eve .
Part of Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code was set in the Round Reading Room of the Maughan Library, although no part of the film adaption was filmed there.[396]
On the second season of Spanish Netflix Show Élite (2020), characters Cayetana, Polo and Valerio are having a conversation about their university destinations, when Cayetana brags about attending King’s College, London thanks to the close relationship of Polo’s mother with a Dean of the school.
In September 1979, The Greenwood Theatre at Guy's Medical School (now King's GKT Medical School) became the first home for the BBC's Question Time programme. In December 2018, Question Time returned to the Greenwood Theatre for David Dimbleby's last programme as host.[397]
Notas
- ^ New UCAS points from 2016
Referencias
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- Bibliography
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- Heulin, Gordon (1979). King's College London, the Chapel (PDF). King's College London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- C. Hibbert; B. Weinreb; J. Keay; J. Keay (2008). The London Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). p. 958.
- Holmes, Richard (2002). Wellington The Iron Duke. London: Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-00-713750-3.
- MacIlwraith, W. (1884). The Life and Writings of George Grote: An Essay. Barford & Newitt.
- Maddox, Brenda (2002). Rosalind Franklin The Dark Lady of DNA. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-655211-0.
- Thompson, F.M.L. (1990). The University of London and the World of Learning, 1836–1986. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-85285-032-6.
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- Comment – quarterly newsletter of King's College London, edited by the Public Relations Department.
- Profile – annual publication of King's College London.
- Report – annual publication of King's College London.
Otras lecturas
- Hearnshaw, F. J. C. (1929). The Centenary History of King's College, London, 1828–1928. George G. Harrap & Co.
- Huelin, G. (1978) King's College London, 1828–1978.
- Jones, C. K. (2004) King's College London: In the service of society.
- Taylor, Claire; Williams, Gwyn; Kenyon-Jones, Christine (2006). King's College London Contributions to biomedicine A continuing story. King's College London School of Medicine. ISBN 978-0-9552620-0-5.
enlaces externos
- Official website
- Virtual Tour of King's College London
- King's College London lists of students who graduated over 80 years ago, 1836–
- King's College London military personnel, 1914–1918
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