La División I de la NCAA ( DI ) es el nivel más alto de atletismo interuniversitario aprobado por la Asociación Nacional de Atletismo Universitario (NCAA) en los Estados Unidos , que acepta jugadores a nivel mundial. Las escuelas DI incluyen los principales poderes atléticos universitarios, con presupuestos más grandes, instalaciones más elaboradas y más becas deportivas que las Divisiones II y III, así como muchas escuelas más pequeñas comprometidas con el más alto nivel de competencia interuniversitaria.
Este nivel una vez se llamó División Universitaria de la NCAA, en contraste con la División Universitaria de nivel inferior; estos términos fueron reemplazados por divisiones numéricas en 1973. La División Universitaria pasó a llamarse División I, mientras que la División Universitaria se dividió en dos; los miembros de la División Universitaria que ofrecieron becas o quisieron competir con los que sí lo hicieron se convirtieron en la División II , mientras que los que no quisieron ofrecer becas se convirtieron en la División III . [1]
Para el fútbol universitario , Academia DI se dividen además en la subdivisión del cuenco de Fútbol (FBS), el Campeonato de Fútbol Barrio (FCS), y las instituciones que no tienen ningún programa de fútbol. Los equipos de FBS tienen requisitos más altos de asistencia a los juegos y más jugadores reciben becas deportivas que los equipos de FCS. El FBS lleva el nombre de su serie de juegos de tazón de postemporada , con varios equipos de clasificación de encuestas después de la conclusión de estos juegos, mientras que el campeón nacional de FCS se determina mediante un torneo de grupos de varios equipos.
Para el año escolar 2020-21, la División I contenía 357 de las 1.066 instituciones miembros de la NCAA, con 130 en la Subdivisión de Football Bowl (FBS), 127 en la Subdivisión de Campeonato de Fútbol (FCS) y 100 escuelas que no eran de fútbol, con seis adicionales. escuelas en la transición de la División II a la División I. [2] [3] Hubo una moratoria sobre cualquier movimiento adicional hasta DI hasta 2012, después de lo cual cualquier escuela que quiera mudarse a DI debe ser aceptada como miembro por una conferencia y Demuestre a la NCAA que tiene la capacidad financiera para apoyar un programa de DI.
Escuelas DI
Las escuelas deben presentar equipos en al menos siete deportes para hombres y siete para mujeres o seis para hombres y ocho para mujeres, con al menos dos deportes de equipo para cada género. [4] [5] Los equipos que incluyen tanto hombres como mujeres se cuentan como deportes masculinos a los efectos del recuento de patrocinios. [4] Las escuelas de la División I deben cumplir con los premios mínimos de ayuda económica para su programa de atletismo, y hay premios máximos de ayuda económica para cada deporte que una escuela de la División I no puede superar. [6] Varios otros mínimos y diferencias sancionados por la NCAA distinguen a la División I de las Divisiones II y III. [5] Los miembros deben patrocinar al menos un deporte (no necesariamente un deporte de equipo) para cada sexo en cada temporada de juego (otoño, invierno, primavera), nuevamente con equipos mixtos contados como equipos masculinos para este propósito. [7] Existen mínimos de competencia y participantes para cada deporte, así como criterios de programación. Para los deportes que no sean fútbol y baloncesto, las escuelas de la División I deben jugar el 100 por ciento del número mínimo de competencias contra oponentes de la División I; cualquier cantidad por encima del número mínimo de juegos debe ser el 50 por ciento de la División I. Los equipos de baloncesto masculino y femenino deben jugar todos pero dos juegos contra equipos de la División I; para los hombres, deben jugar un tercio de todos sus concursos en la arena de casa . [8]
Además de las escuelas que compiten plenamente como instituciones DI, la NCAA permite que las escuelas D-II y D-III clasifiquen un deporte masculino y otro femenino (que no sea fútbol o baloncesto) como deporte DI, siempre que patrocinen esos deportes. antes del último cambio de reglas en 2011. [9] Además, las escuelas de la División II son elegibles para competir por campeonatos nacionales de la División I en deportes que no tienen un campeonato nacional de la División II, y en esos deportes también pueden operar bajo las reglas de DI y límites de becas . [10]
FBS y FCS
Solo para fútbol , la División I se subdividió en 1978 en División IA (las principales escuelas de fútbol), División I-AA (las otras escuelas con equipos de fútbol) y División I (aquellas escuelas que no patrocinan el fútbol). [11] [12] En 2006, la División IA y la I-AA pasaron a llamarse " Subdivisión de fútbol americano " (FBS) y " Subdivisión de campeonato de fútbol " (FCS), respectivamente.
A los equipos de FBS se les permite un máximo de 85 jugadores que reciben ayuda deportiva por año, y cada jugador con beca recibe una beca completa. Los equipos FCS tienen el mismo límite de 85 jugadores que los equipos FBS, pero se les permite brindar una ayuda equivalente a solo 63 becas completas. Los equipos de FCS pueden otorgar becas parciales, una práctica técnicamente permitida pero esencialmente nunca utilizada en el nivel de FBS. Los equipos de FBS también deben cumplir con los requisitos mínimos de asistencia a los juegos (promedio de 15,000 personas en asistencia real o pagada por juego en casa), mientras que los equipos de FCS no necesitan cumplir con los requisitos mínimos de asistencia.
Otra diferencia es el juego de postemporada. Desde 1978, los equipos de FCS han jugado en un torneo de corchetes sancionado por la NCAA que culminó en un juego por el título, el Campeonato de Fútbol de la División I de la NCAA , para determinar un campeón nacional. Mientras tanto, los equipos de FBS juegan en juegos de tazón , con varios equipos de clasificación de encuestas después de la conclusión de estos juegos, lo que arroja un Campeón Nacional Consenso anualmente desde 1950. A partir de la postemporada de 2014, se ha disputado un Playoff de fútbol universitario de cuatro equipos , reemplazando a uno. formato de campeonato de juegos que había comenzado durante la postemporada de 1992 con la Bowl Coalition . Aun así, el fútbol FBS de la División I sigue siendo el único deporte de la NCAA en el que un campeonato anual no está determinado por un evento de campeonato aprobado por la NCAA.
Finanzas
Los programas deportivos de la División I generaron $ 8.7 mil millones en ingresos en el año académico 2009-2010. Los equipos masculinos proporcionaron el 55%, los equipos femeninos el 15% y el 30% no se clasificó por sexo o deporte. El fútbol y el baloncesto masculino suelen ser los únicos deportes rentables de una universidad, [13] y se denominan "deportes de ingresos". [14] De 2008 a 2012, 205 equipos universitarios fueron eliminados en la División I de la NCAA: 72 para mujeres y 133 para hombres, y el tenis, la gimnasia y la lucha libre de hombres fueron particularmente afectados. [15]
En la subdivisión Football Bowl (130 escuelas en 2017), entre el 50 y el 60 por ciento de los programas de fútbol y baloncesto masculino generaron ingresos positivos (por encima de los gastos del programa). [16] Sin embargo, en la subdivisión del campeonato de fútbol (124 escuelas en 2017), solo el cuatro por ciento de los programas de fútbol y el cinco por ciento de los programas de baloncesto masculino generaron ingresos positivos. [17]
En 2012, el 2% de los presupuestos deportivos se gastó en equipos, uniformes y suministros para atletas masculinos en la escuela de la subdivisión de fútbol americano de la División I de la NCAA, con un gasto medio por escuela de $ 742,000. [18]
En 2014, la NCAA y los estudiantes deportistas debatieron si se debería pagar a los estudiantes deportistas. En abril, la NCAA aprobó que los estudiantes-atletas recibieran comidas y refrigerios ilimitados y gratuitos. La NCAA declaró: "La adopción de la legislación sobre comidas terminó una conversación que comenzó en el Gabinete de premios, beneficios, gastos y ayuda financiera. Los miembros han trabajado para encontrar formas adecuadas de garantizar que los estudiantes-atletas obtengan la nutrición que necesitan sin poner en peligro las becas Pell u otros ayuda federal recibida por los estudiantes-atletas más necesitados. Con su voto, los miembros del consejo dijeron que creen que flexibilizar las reglas de la NCAA sobre qué y cuándo se pueden proporcionar alimentos de los departamentos de atletismo es la mejor manera de abordar el problema ". [19]
Conferencias
Según las regulaciones de la NCAA, todas las conferencias de la División I definidas como "conferencias multideportivas" deben cumplir con los siguientes criterios: [20]
- Un total de al menos siete miembros activos de la División I.
- Aparte de lo anterior, al menos siete miembros activos de la División I que patrocinan baloncesto masculino y femenino.
- Patrocinio de al menos 12 deportes de la División I de la NCAA.
- Mínimo de seis deportes masculinos, con las siguientes restricciones adicionales:
- El baloncesto masculino es un deporte obligatorio y al menos siete miembros deben patrocinar ese deporte.
- Las conferencias que no sean de fútbol deben patrocinar al menos dos deportes de equipo masculinos que no sean baloncesto.
- Al menos seis miembros deben patrocinar cinco deportes masculinos distintos del baloncesto, incluido el fútbol u otros dos deportes de equipo.
- Mínimo de seis deportes femeninos, con las siguientes restricciones adicionales:
- El baloncesto femenino es un deporte obligatorio, con al menos siete miembros patrocinando ese deporte.
- Se deben patrocinar al menos otros dos deportes de equipo femeninos.
- Al menos seis miembros deben patrocinar cinco deportes femeninos distintos del baloncesto, incluido el fútbol o otros dos deportes de equipo. Si una conferencia patrocina oficialmente un "deporte emergente" de la NCAA para mujeres (a partir de 2020, acrobacias y volteretas, equitación, rugby, triatlón o lucha libre), ese deporte se contará si cinco miembros (en lugar de seis) lo patrocinan.
Conferencias de FBS
Las conferencias de FBS deben cumplir un conjunto de requisitos más estrictos para el reconocimiento de la NCAA que otras conferencias: [21]
- Un total de al menos ocho miembros activos de FBS.
- Para ser contabilizado para este total, una escuela debe participar en juegos de conferencia en al menos seis deportes masculinos y ocho femeninos, incluidos baloncesto masculino y femenino, fútbol y al menos otros dos deportes de equipo femeninos.
- Cada escuela puede contar un deporte masculino y otro femenino no patrocinado por su conferencia principal para los límites anteriores, siempre que ese deporte compita en otra conferencia de la División I. Los deportes masculinos y femeninos así contados no tienen por qué ser el mismo deporte. [5]
Conferencia | Apodo | Fundado | Miembros | Deportes | Sede | Títulos totales de la NCAA | Títulos masculinos de la NCAA | Títulos femeninos de la NCAA | Co-ed NCAA Títulos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conferencia Atlética Americana *** | El americano | 1979 [a] | 11 [b] [c] | 22 | Providence, Rhode Island | 55 | 37 | 18 | 0 |
Conferencia de la Costa Atlántica ** | ACC | 1953 | 15 [d] | 27 | Greensboro, Carolina del Norte | 150 | 87 | 58 | 5 |
Conferencia Big Ten ** | Diez grandes | 1896 | 14 [e] | 28 | Rosemont, Illinois | 317 | 229 | 72 | dieciséis |
Conferencia Big 12 ** | 12 grandes | 1996 | 10 [f] | 21 | Irving, Texas | 166 | 3 | ||
Conferencia USA *** | C-EE. UU. | 1995 [g] | 14 [h] | 19 | Irving, Texas | 1 | 1 | ||
Independientes de la División I de FBS [i] | 7 | 1 | |||||||
Conferencia Mid-American *** | MAC | 1946 | 12 [j] | 24 | Cleveland Ohio | 4 | 4 | ||
Conferencia Mountain West *** | MW | 1999 | 11 [k] [l] | 19 | Colorado Springs, Colorado | 21 | 13 | 5 | 3 |
Conferencia Pac-12 ** | Pac-12 | 1915 [m] | 12 [n] | 24 | Walnut Creek, California | 501 | 309 | 174 | 18 |
Conferencia del Sureste ** | SEGUNDO | 1932 | 14 | 20 | Birmingham, Alabama | 223 | 118 | 104 | 1 |
Conferencia Sun Belt *** | Cinturón de sol | 1976 | 12 [o] [p] | 18 [q] | Nueva Orleans, Louisiana | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
(** Conferencias "Power Five" con plazas garantizadas en los New Year's Six , los juegos de bolos asociados con el College Football Playoff )
(*** conferencias del "Grupo de los Cinco" )
- Notas
- ^ La conferencia se fundó en 1979 como la Conferencia Big East original . Se renombró a sí misma como Conferencia Atlética Estadounidense después de una división en 2013 a lo largo de las líneas del fútbol. Las escuelas que no eran de FBS de la conferencia original se fueron para formar una nueva conferencia que compró el nombre de Big East , mientras que las escuelas de FBS continuaron operando bajo la estructura y estatuto del antiguo Big East. El estadounidense también heredó el antiguopuesto en la Serie del Campeonato Bowl de Big Eastpara la temporada 2013, la última para el BCS.
- ^ 10 de los 11 miembros de pleno derecho patrocinan el fútbol, con Wichita State como el único miembro que no es miembro del equipo de fútbol.
- ^ Además de los miembros de pleno derecho, cinco escuelas tienen membresía asociada de un solo deporte y otra es miembro de dos deportes:
- Navy es un miembro exclusivo de fútbol.
- Florida y Vanderbilt son miembros del lacrosse femenino.
- El estado de Sacramento y el estado de San Diego son miembros del remo femenino.
- Old Dominion es miembro tanto del lacrosse femenino como del remo femenino.
- ↑ Notre Dame es miembro de pleno derecho, excepto en el fútbol, en el que sigue siendo independiente. Se ha comprometido a jugar cinco partidos cada temporada contra oponentes de ACC, y a jugar entre miembros de ACC al menos una vez cada tres años.
- ^ Además de los miembros de pleno derecho, dos escuelas tienen membresía afiliada:
- Johns Hopkins , por lo demás miembro de la División III , es una filial del lacrosse masculino y femenino , deportes en los que la escuela cuenta con equipos de la División I.
- Notre Dame es una filial de hockey masculino.
- ^ Además de los miembros de pleno derecho, el Big 12 tiene 10 miembros que participan en un solo deporte, más uno que compite en dos deportes. Está previsto que otras dos escuelas se conviertan en miembros de un solo deporte en un futuro próximo.
- Fuerza Aérea , Fresno State , estado de Dakota del Norte , Norte de Colorado , Iowa del Norte , Estado de Dakota del Sur , Utah Valley , y Wyoming competir en lucha libre de los hombres. La temporada 2020-21 fue la última de Fresno State en ese deporte.
- Fresno State también compite en equitación y continuará como miembro en ese deporte después de dejar la lucha libre masculina.
- Alabama y Tennessee son miembros del remo femenino.
- Denver es miembro de la gimnasia femenina.
- Está previsto que Missouri y California Baptist se conviertan en miembros de la lucha libre masculina, respectivamente, en 2021 y 2022.
- ^ La conferencia se fundó en 1995 y la competición de fútbol comenzó en 1996.
- ^ Además de los 14 miembros de pleno derecho, Conference USA cuenta con dos escuelas que juegan fútbol masculino en la conferencia: Kentucky y Carolina del Sur . Coastal Carolina se unirá al fútbol masculino en julio de 2021.
- ^ Tenga en cuenta que "Independientes" no es una conferencia; es simplemente una designación utilizada para las escuelas cuyos programas de fútbol no se juegan en ninguna conferencia. Todas estas escuelas tienen membresías de conferencias para otros deportes.
- ^ Además de los 12 miembros de pleno derecho, la Conferencia Mid-American cuenta con 18 miembros que solo participan en un deporte cada uno, más otra escuela que compite en dos deportes.
- Appalachian State y Longwood compiten en hockey sobre césped femenino . Belarmino se unirá a ese deporte en julio de 2021.
- Binghamton compite en tenis masculino.
- Detroit Mercy , Robert Morris y Youngstown State compiten en lacrosse femenino.
- Evansville , el estado de Missouri y el sur de Illinois compiten en natación y clavados masculinos.
- Bloomsburg , Clarion , Cleveland State , Edinboro , George Mason , Lock Haven , Missouri y Rider compiten en la lucha libre masculina . La lucha libre de Missouri se trasladará a la Conferencia Big 12 en julio de 2021.
- West Virginia compite en fútbol masculino. Georgia Southern y Georgia State se unirán a ese deporte en julio de 2021.
- SIU Edwardsville compite en fútbol masculino y lucha libre masculina. SIUE trasladará el fútbol masculino a la Conferencia del Valle de Missouri en julio de 2021.
- ^ Desde 2012, Hawai'i ha sido un miembro asociado solo de fútbol, con la mayoría de sus equipos restantes en la Conferencia Big West que no es de fútbol.
- ^ Además de los 11 miembros de pleno derecho y la filial de fútbol de Hawai'i, Colorado College , una escuela de la División III con un equipo de hockey sobre hielo masculino de la División I, juega fútbol femenino de la División I en el MW.
- ^ La carta del Pac-12 data solo de la formación de la Asociación Atlética de Universidades Occidentales (AAWU) en 1959. Sin embargo, el Pac-12 reivindica la historia de la Conferencia de la Costa del Pacífico , que fue fundada en 1915 y comenzó la competencia en 1916, como propio. De los nueve miembros del PCC en el momento de su desaparición en junio de 1959, sólo Idaho nunca se unió al Pac-12. El puesto del PCC en el Rose Bowl pasó a la AAWU.
- ^ El Pac-12 también incluye cuatro miembros asociados, cada uno de los cuales compite en un solo deporte. San Diego State juega fútbol masculino y Cal State Bakersfield , Cal Poly y Little Rock compiten en la lucha libre masculina .
- ^ Diez miembros de la Sun Belt Conference patrocinan actualmente el fútbol, con Little Rock y UT Arlington como miembros que no juegan al fútbol en absoluto.
- ^ Central Arkansas y Howard están afiliados al fútbol masculino. En julio de 2021, Central Arkansas se convertirá en miembro de pleno derecho de la Conferencia ASUN, que ya patrocina el fútbol masculino, y Howard trasladará el fútbol masculino a la Conferencia Noreste.
- ^ 17 deportes en julio de 2021 con eliminación del fútbol masculino.
Conferencias FCS
Conferencia | Apodo | Fundado | Miembros de fútbol | Deportes | Sede |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conferencia Big Sky | Gran cielo | 1963 | 13 [a] | dieciséis | Ogden, Utah |
Conferencia Big South | Gran Sur | 1983 | 8 [b] | 19 | Charlotte, Carolina del Norte |
Asociación Atlética Colonial | CAA | 1979 | 12 [c] | 21 | Richmond, Virginia |
Ivy League [d] | 1954 | 8 | 33 | Princeton, Nueva Jersey | |
Conferencia Atlética del Medio Oriente [e] | MEAC | 1970 | 9 [f] | dieciséis | Norfolk, Virginia |
Conferencia de fútbol americano del valle de Missouri | MVFC | mil novecientos ochenta y dos | 11 | 1 | San Luis, Misuri |
Conferencia Noreste | Comité ejecutivo nacional | 1981 | 8 [g] | 24 | Somerset, Nueva Jersey |
Conferencia del Valle de Ohio | OVC | 1948 | 9 [h] | 19 | Brentwood, Tennessee |
Liga Patriota | 1986 | 7 [i] | 24 | Center Valley, Pensilvania | |
Liga de fútbol pionera | PFL | 1991 | 9 [j] | 1 | San Luis, Misuri |
Conferencia Sur | SoCon | 1921 | 9 [k] | 20 | Spartanburg, Carolina del Sur |
Conferencia de Southland | Southland | 1963 | 11 [l] | 17 | Frisco, Texas |
Conferencia de atletismo del suroeste [m] | SWAC | 1920 | 10 [n] | 18 | Birmingham, Alabama |
- Notas
- ^ La membresía de fútbol consiste en los 11 miembros de pleno derecho más los afiliados de fútbol americano Cal Poly y UC Davis .
- La conferencia se reducirá a 10 miembros en total y 12 miembros de fútbol en 2022 con la salida del sur de Utah para la Conferencia Atlética del Oeste.
- ^ Seis miembros plenos de Big South no patrocinan fútbol en absoluto, mientras que un séptimo (presbiteriano) juega un FCS independiente en 2020-21 antes de unirse a la Pioneer Football League. La liga de fútbol Big South incluye cuatro miembros asociados: Kennesaw State , Monmouth , North Alabama y Robert Morris .
- 9 miembros de fútbol en 2021 con la incorporación de North Carolina A&T como miembro de pleno derecho, incluido el fútbol.
- 7 miembros del fútbol en 2022 con la pérdida de Kennesaw State y North Alabama a la nueva liga de fútbol de su hogar de tiempo completo, la Conferencia ASUN.
- ^ De los 10 miembros de pleno derecho de la CAA, cinco no patrocinan fútbol en absoluto. La liga de fútbol americano CAA incluye siete miembros asociados: Albany , Maine , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , Richmond , Stony Brook y Villanova .
- ^ La Ivy League se abstiene del torneo de campeonato y de todos los juegos de postemporada.
- ^ El campeón de MEAC, desde 2015, renuncia a su oferta automática para permitir que su campeón participe en el Celebration Bowl . Los no campeones son elegibles para ofertas generales (un ejemplo fue North Carolina A&T en 2016 ).
- ^ De los 11 miembros plenos de MEAC, dos no patrocinan el fútbol: Coppin State y Maryland Eastern Shore .
- 6 miembros del fútbol americano en 2021 con la partida de Bethune – Cookman y Florida A&M a la Southwestern Athletic Conference, y North Carolina A&T a la Big South Conference.
- ^ Tres de los 10 miembros de pleno derecho no patrocinan el fútbol. A las siete escuelas patrocinadoras de fútbol se une el miembro asociado Duquesne .
- ^ De los 12 miembros de pleno derecho, Belmont y SIU Edwardsville no patrocinan el fútbol, y Morehead State compite en la Pioneer Football League.
- 10 miembros de pleno derecho y 7 miembros de fútbol en 2021 con la pérdida del este de Kentucky y el estado de Jacksonville .
- ^ De los 10 miembros de pleno derecho, American , Boston University y Loyola (MD) no patrocinan fútbol, y Army y Navy juegan fútbol FBS. A los cinco miembros de pleno derecho que juegan al fútbol de la Patriot League se unen los asociados Fordham y Georgetown .
- ^ 11 miembros en 2021 con la adición de Presbyterian y St. Thomas (MN) .
- ^ 10 miembros de pleno derecho, con UNC Greensboro no patrocinando fútbol.
- ^ Dos de los 13 miembros de pleno derecho no patrocinan el fútbol americano: Nueva Orleans y Texas A & M – Corpus Christi .
- 8 miembros de pleno derecho y 6 miembros de fútbol en 2021 con la pérdida de Abilene Christian , Central Arkansas , Lamar , Sam Houston State y Stephen F. Austin .
- ^ El SWAC se abstiene del torneo de campeonato para permitir una temporada regular más larga, un juego de campeonato en la conferencia y el ganador participando en el Celebration Bowl . Si un equipo no está en el juego de campeonato y no juega un juego de temporada regular el primer fin de semana de las eliminatorias de FCS. Podrían calificar para una oferta de At-Large para jugar si son seleccionados.
- ^ 12 full members, all with football, in 2021 with addition of Bethune–Cookman and Florida A&M.
Deportes
Men's team sports
No. | Sport | Teams[22] | Conferences | Scholarships per team | Season | Most Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Football | 257 (130 FBS, 127 FCS) | 24 (10 FBS, 14 FCS) | 85 (FBS) 63.0 (FCS) | Fall | Princeton (28) |
2 | Basketball | 351 | 32 | 13 | Winter | UCLA (11) |
3 | Baseball | 302 | 32 | 11.7 | Spring | USC (12) |
4 | Soccer | 204 | 23 | 9.9 | Fall | St. Louis (10) |
5 | Wrestling | 79 | 7 | 9.9 | Winter | Oklahoma State (34) |
6 | Ice Hockey | 61 | 6 | 18.0 | Winter | Michigan (9) |
7 | Lacrosse | 68 | 10 | 12.6 | Spring | Syracuse (10) |
8 | Volleyball | 23 | 4 | 4.5 | Spring | UCLA (19) |
9 | Water Polo | 22 | 4 | 4.5 | Fall | California (14) |
Sports are ranked according to total possible scholarships (number of teams x number of scholarships per team). Scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point. Numbers for equivalency sports are indicated with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if needed.
Notes:
- The NCAA officially classifies the men's championships in volleyball and water polo as "National Collegiate" championships, that being the designation for championships that are open to members of more than one NCAA division. The ice hockey championship, however, is styled as a "Division I" championship because of the previous existence of a separate Division II championship in that sport.
- Football — D-I football programs are divided into FBS and FCS. The 128 FBS programs can award financial aid to as many as 85 players, with each player able to receive up to a full scholarship. The 124 FCS programs can award up to the equivalent of 63 full scholarships, divided among no more than 85 individuals. Some FCS conferences restrict scholarships to a lower level or prohibit scholarships altogether.
- Soccer — As of 2021–22, the Big 12 and the SEC are the only two major traditional D-I conferences that do not sponsor soccer. Several other D-I conferences also do not sponsor the sport—the Big Sky, MEAC, Mountain West, Ohio Valley, Southland, Sun Belt, and SWAC. The most recent conference to drop men's soccer is the Sun Belt, doing so after the 2020–21 season.
- Ice Hockey — Almost all D-I ice hockey programs are in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, or the Colorado Front Range. Only one D-I all-sports conference, the Big Ten, sponsors a men's hockey league. All other conferences operate as hockey-specific leagues. Of the 61 teams that planned to compete in D-I hockey in 2020–21, 23 are otherwise classified as either D-II or D-III; a number of schools from D-II play in D-I ice hockey as the NCAA no longer sponsors a championship in D-II and many have traditional/cultural fan bases that support ice hockey, and the D-III schools were "grandfathered" in to D-I through their having sponsored hockey prior to the creation of D-III. Several programs, most notably all six Ivy League members with hockey programs, did not play in 2020–21 due to COVID-19 concerns.
- Lacrosse — The vast majority of D-I lacrosse programs are from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. There are only three D-I programs west of the Mississippi—Air Force and Denver on the Colorado Front Range, and Utah.
- Volleyball — Of the traditional D-I conferences, only the Big West sponsors men's volleyball, and it did not do so until the 2017–18 school year. Two of the other three major volleyball conferences, defined here as leagues that include full Division I members, are volleyball-specific conferences; the third is the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation, a multi-sport conference that does not sponsor football or basketball. In addition to the D-I schools, 32 D-II schools originally planned to compete in the National Collegiate division in 2020–21; nine of these are members of Conference Carolinas, the first all-sports league outside Division III to sponsor the sport, and the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference was to start play in 2020–21 with six newly launched teams. Several of these teams, including all six SIAC men's volleyball schools, chose not to compete in that season due to COVID-19 concerns.
- Water Polo — The number of D-I schools sponsoring men's water polo has declined from 35 in 1987/88 to 22 in 2010/11.[23] No school outside of California has ever made the finals of the championship, and all champions since 1998 have come from one of the four California-based Pac-12 schools.
Men's individual sports
The following table lists the men's individual DI sports with at least 1,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.
No. | Sport | Teams (2015)[24] | Teams (1982)[24] | Change | Athletes[24] | Season |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Track (outdoor) | 278 | 230 | +48 | 11,067 | Spring |
2 | Track (indoor) | 257 | 209 | +48 | 10,174 | Winter |
3 | Cross country | 311 | 256 | +56 | 4,845 | Fall |
4 | Swimming & diving | 134 | 181 | –47 | 3,839 | Winter |
5 | Golf | 297 | 263 | +34 | 2,947 | Spring |
6 | Tennis | 258 | 267 | –9 | 2,678 | Spring |
7 | Wrestling | 76 | 146 | –70 | 2,520 | Winter |
DI college wrestling has lost almost half of its programs since 1982.[25]
Women's team sports
No. | Sport | Teams[26] | Conferences | Scholarships per team | Season | Most Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Basketball | 349 | 32 | 15 | Winter | Connecticut (11) |
2 | Soccer | 333 | 31 | 14.0 | Fall | North Carolina (21) |
3 | Volleyball | 334 | 32 | 12* | Fall | Stanford (9) |
4 | Softball | 295 | 32 | 12.0 | Spring | UCLA (12) |
5 | Rowing | 88 | 12 | 20.0 | Spring | Brown (7) |
6 | Lacrosse | 112 | 13 | 12.0 | Spring | Maryland (14) |
7 | Field Hockey | 78 | 10 | 12.0 | Fall | Old Dominion (9) |
8 | Ice Hockey | 40 | 4 | 18.0 | Winter | Minnesota (6) |
9 | Beach Volleyball | 47 | 5 | 6.0* | Spring | USC (2) |
10 | Water Polo | 34 | 6 | 8.0 | Spring | UCLA (7) |
Notes:
- As in the men's table above, sports are ranked in order of total possible scholarships. Numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point; those for equivalency sports are indicated with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if needed.
- Women's soccer is the fastest growing NCAA D-I women's team sport over a prolonged period, increasing from 22 teams in 1981/82 to 315 teams in 2010/11.[27] However, in recent years, the fastest-growing has been beach volleyball, which went from 14 Division I teams in 2011–12 to 55 in 2016–17.
- † = In the 2016–17 school year, rugby is classified by the NCAA as an "emerging sport" for women. Beach volleyball, which had previously been an "emerging sport" under the name of "sand volleyball",[28] became an official NCAA championship sport in 2015–16.[29]
- * = The number of scholarships are partially linked for (indoor) volleyball and beach volleyball. Schools that field both indoor and beach volleyball teams are allowed 6.0 full scholarship equivalents specifically for beach volleyball as of 2016–17, with the further limitations that (1) no player receiving aid for beach volleyball can be on the indoor volleyball roster and (2) a maximum of 14 individuals can receive aid in beach volleyball. If a school fields only a beach volleyball team, it is allowed 8.0 full scholarship equivalents for that sport, also distributed among no more than 14 individuals.
Women's individual sports
The following table lists the women's individual DI sports with at least 1,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.
No. | Sport | Teams (2015)[24] | Teams (1982)[24] | Change | Athletes[24] | Season |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Track (outdoor) | 329 | 180 | +149 | 13,075 | Spring |
2 | Track (indoor) | 319 | 127 | +192 | 12,816 | Winter |
3 | Cross country | 342 | 183 | +159 | 6,031 | Fall |
4 | Swimming & diving | 195 | 161 | +34 | 5,393 | Winter |
5 | Golf | 259 | 83 | +176 | 2,170 | Spring |
6 | Tennis | 318 | 246 | +72 | 2,912 | Spring |
7 | Gymnastics | 61 | 99 | –38 | 1,085 | Winter |
Difusión e ingresos
NCAA Division I schools have broadcasting contracts that showcase their more popular sports — typically football and men's basketball — on network television and in basic cable channels. These contracts can be quite lucrative, particularly for DI schools from the biggest conferences. For example, the Big Ten conference in 2016 entered into contracts with Fox and ESPN that pay the conference $2.64 billion over six years.
The NCAA also holds certain TV contracts. For example, the NCAA's contract to show the men's basketball championship tournament (widely known as March Madness) is currently under a 14-year deal with CBS and Turner that runs from 2010 to 2024 and pays $11 billion.
For the 2014–15 fiscal year, the conferences that earned the most revenues (and that distributed the most revenues to each of their member schools) were:
- SEC — $527 million (dispersed $33 million to each of its member schools)
- Big 10 — $449 million (dispersed $32 million each)
- Pac-12 — $439 million (dispersed $25 million each)
- ACC — $403 million (dispersed $26 million each)
- Big 12 — $268 million (dispersed $23 million each)
Sports rights | Sport | National TV contract | Total Revenues (Per Year) | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
NCAA March Madness | Basketball | CBS, Turner | $8.8B ($1.1B) | |
College Football Playoff | Football | ESPN | $5.6B ($470M) | |
Pac-12 Conference | All | Fox, ESPN | $3.0B ($250m) | |
Big Ten Conference (Big Ten/B1G) | All | Fox, ESPN, CBS | $2.6bn ($440m) | [30] |
Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) | All | ESPN | $3.6bn ($240m) | |
Big 12 Conference | All | Fox, ESPN | $2.6bn ($200m) | |
Southeastern Conference (SEC) | All | CBS, ESPN | $2.6bn ($205m) | |
American Athletic Conference | All | ESPN | $910m ($130m) | |
Mountain West Conference (MW) | All | CBS, ESPN | $116m ($18m) | [31] |
Mid-American Conference (MAC) | All | ESPN | $100m ($8m) | [32] |
Límites de becas por deporte
The NCAA has limits on the total financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. It divides sports that are sponsored into two types for purposes of scholarship limitations:
- "Head-count" sports, in which the NCAA limits the total number of individuals that can receive athletic scholarships, but allows each player to receive up to a full scholarship.
- "Equivalency" sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a given sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport.
The term "counter" is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a "counter" as "an individual who is receiving institutional financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport."[33]
The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in each sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a decimal point; for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point, with a trailing zero if required.
Sport | Men's | Women's |
---|---|---|
Acrobatics & tumbling | – | 14.0[34] |
Baseball | 11.7[35][nb 1] | – |
Basketball | 13[41] | 15[42] |
Beach volleyball | – | 6.0[nb 2] |
Bowling | – | 5.0[34] |
Cross country/Track and field | 12.6[45][nb 3] | 18.0[34][nb 4] |
Equestrian | – | 15.0[34] |
Fencing | 4.5[45] | 5.0[34] |
Field hockey | – | 12.0[34] |
Football | 85 (FBS)[47][nb 5] 63.0 (FCS)[48][nb 6] | – |
Golf | 4.5[45] | 6.0[34] |
Gymnastics | 6.3[45] | 12[50] |
Ice hockey | 18.0[51][nb 7] | 18.0[nb 8] |
Lacrosse | 12.6[45] | 12.0[34] |
Rifle | 3.6[45][nb 9] | – |
Rowing | – | 20.0[34] |
Rugby | – | 12.0[34] |
Skiing | 6.3[45] | 7.0[34] |
Soccer | 9.9[45] | 14.0[34] |
Softball | – | 12.0[34] |
Swimming and diving | 9.9[45] | 14.0[34] |
Tennis | 4.5[45] | 8[50] |
Triathlon | – | 6.5[34] |
Volleyball | 4.5[45] | 12[50] |
Water polo | 4.5[45] | 8.0[34] |
Wrestling | 9.9[45] | 10.0[34] |
- ^ This total is also subject to the following restrictions:
- The number of total counters is limited to 27.[35]
- Each counter must receive "athletically related and other countable financial aid" equal to at least 25% of a full scholarship.[36] Most institutional and governmental non-athletic aid falls in the "countable" category;[37] an official NCAA rules interpretation also allows schools to count aid that would otherwise be exempt by NCAA rule (such as purely academic awards) toward the 25% limit, as long as it also is included in the calculations for the team equivalency limit.[38] The 25% rule does not apply to baseball schools that offer only need-based aid (such as Ivy League members).[39] A second exception to the 25% rule, added in 2012, is for players in their final year of athletic eligibility who have not previously received athletically related aid in baseball at any college.[40]
- ^ This total is for schools that also sponsor women's indoor volleyball.[43] If a school does not sponsor women's indoor volleyball, it is allowed 8.0 equivalents for beach volleyball.[44] For all schools, the maximum number of counters in beach volleyball is 14.[43][44]
- ^ If a school sponsors men's cross-country but does not sponsor either indoor or outdoor track and field for men, it is allowed 5.0 scholarship equivalents for that sport.[46]
- ^ If a school sponsors women's cross-country but does not sponsor either indoor or outdoor track and field for women, it is allowed 6.0 scholarship equivalents for that sport.[46]
- ^ FBS programs are also limited to 25 new counters per school year.[47]
- ^ FCS programs are also limited to 85 total counters per school year.[48] Effective with the recruiting cycle for the 2018–19 school year, the previous limit of 30 new counters per year for FCS programs has been removed.[49]
- ^ The number of total counters is limited to 30.[51]
- ^ The NCAA Division I Manual does not include any scholarship limitations for women's ice hockey. These limitations are instead found in the Division II Manual.[52] The Division II Manual does not include any limit on total counters for any sport, including women's ice hockey.
- ^ NCAA rifle competition is fully coeducational. For purposes of sports sponsorship, the NCAA classifies teams that include both men and women as men's teams.[53] Of the 33 NCAA rifle schools (23 in Division I, 4 in Division II, and 6 in Division III), 22 field a single coed/mixed team. Six schools (five in Division I and one in Division III) field women-only teams. Schools are also allowed to field any combination of men's, women's, and mixed teams; several NCAA rifle schools field two types of teams, but none currently fields all three types. The scholarship limits are per school, not per team.
Rules for multi-sport athletes
The NCAA also has rules specifying the sport in which multi-sport athletes are to be counted, with the basic rules being:[54]
- Anyone who participates in football is counted in that sport, even if he does not receive financial aid from the football program. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport.[55]
- Participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football.
- Participants in men's ice hockey are counted in that sport, unless they also play football or basketball.
- Participants in both men's swimming and diving and men's water polo are counted in swimming and diving, unless they count in football or basketball.
- Participants in women's (indoor) volleyball are counted in that sport unless they also play basketball.
- All other multi-sport athletes are counted in whichever sport the school chooses.
Subdivisiones de fútbol
Subdivisions in Division I exist only in football.[56][57] In all other sports, all Division I conferences are equivalent. The subdivisions were recently given names to reflect the differing levels of football play in them.
The method by which the NCAA determines whether a school is Bowl or Championship subdivision is first by attendance numbers and then by scholarships.[58] For attendance reporting methods, the NCAA allows schools to report either total tickets sold or the number of persons in attendance at the games. They require a minimum average of 15,000 people in attendance every other year.[58] These numbers get posted to the NCAA statistics website for football each year. With the new rules starting in the 2006 season, the number of Bowl Subdivision schools could drop in the future if those schools are not able to pull in enough fans into the games. Additionally, 14 FCS schools had enough attendance to be moved up in 2012.[59] Under current NCAA rules, these schools must have an invitation from an FBS conference in order to move to FBS. Three of them—Appalachian State, Georgia Southern, and Old Dominion—began FBS transitions in 2013. All had the required FBS conference invitations, with Old Dominion joining Conference USA in 2013, and Appalachian State and Georgia Southern joining the Sun Belt Conference in 2014. The difference in the postseasons in each of the subdivisions grant the FCS an advantage to have the best record in college football history, 17–0, while the FBS only allows a 15–0 record.
Football Bowl Subdivision
Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, is the top level of college football. Schools in Division I FBS compete in post-season bowl games, with the champions of five conferences, along with the highest-ranked champion of the other five conferences, receiving automatic bids to the access bowls.
FBS schools are limited to a total of 85 football players receiving financial assistance.[60] For competitive reasons, a student receiving partial scholarship counts fully against the total of 85. Nearly all FBS schools that are not on NCAA probation give 85 full scholarships.
As of the 2019 college football season, there will be 130 full members of Division I FBS. The most recent school to become a full FBS member is Liberty University, which made the transition from FCS in 2017 and 2018.
Since the 2016 season, all FBS conferences have been allowed to conduct a championship game that does not count against the limit of 12 regular-season contests. Under the current rules, such a game can be held either (1) between the winners of each of two divisions, with each team having played a full round-robin schedule within its division, or (2) between the conference's top two teams after a full round-robin conference schedule.[61] Previously, "exempt" championship games could only be held between the divisional winners of conferences that had at least 12 football teams and split into divisions.[62][63] The prize is normally a specific bowl game bid for which the conference has a tie-in.
Some conferences have numbers in their names but this often has no relation to the number of member institutions in the conference. The Big Ten Conference did not formally adopt the "Big Ten" name until 1987, but unofficially used that name when it had 10 members from 1917 to 1946, and again from 1949 forward. However, it has continued to use the name even after it expanded to 11 members with the addition of Penn State in 1990, 12 with the addition of Nebraska in 2011, and 14 with the arrival of Maryland and Rutgers in 2014. The Big 12 Conference was established in 1996 with 12 members, but continues to use that name even after a number of departures and a few replacements left the conference with 10 members. On the other hand, the Pac-12 Conference has used names (official or unofficial) that have reflected the number of members since its current charter was established in 1959. The conference unofficially used "Big Five" (1959–62), "Big Six" (1962–64), and "Pacific-8" (1964–68) before officially adopting the "Pacific-8" name. The name duly changed to "Pacific-10" in 1978 with the addition of Arizona and Arizona State, and "Pac-12" (instead of "Pacific-12") in 2011 when Colorado and Utah joined. Conferences also tend to ignore their regional names when adding new schools. For example, the Pac-8/10/12 retained its "Pacific" moniker even though its four newest members (Arizona, Arizona State, Colorado, Utah) are located in the inland West, and the original Big East kept its name even after adding schools (either in all sports or for football only) located in areas traditionally considered to be in the Midwest (Cincinnati, DePaul, Marquette, Notre Dame), Upper South (Louisville, Memphis) and Southwest (Houston, SMU). The non-football conference that assumed the Big East name when the original Big East split in 2013 is another example of this phenomenon, as half of its 10 inaugural schools (Butler, Creighton, DePaul, Marquette, Xavier) are traditionally regarded as being Midwestern.
Conferences
Conference | Nickname | Founded | Members | Sports | Headquarters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
American Athletic Conference *** | The American | 1979 [a] | 11 [b][c] | 22 | Providence, Rhode Island |
Atlantic Coast Conference ** | ACC | 1953 | 15 [d] | 26 | Greensboro, North Carolina |
Big Ten Conference ** | Big Ten, B1G | 1896 | 14 [e] | 28 | Rosemont, Illinois |
Big 12 Conference ** | Big 12 | 1996 | 10 [f] | 21 | Irving, Texas |
Conference USA *** | C-USA | 1995[g] | 14 [h] | 19 | Irving, Texas |
Division I FBS Independents[i] | 7 | ||||
Mid-American Conference *** | MAC | 1946 | 12[j] | 24 | Cleveland, Ohio |
Mountain West Conference *** | MW | 1999 | 11[k][l] | 19 | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
Pac-12 Conference ** | Pac-12 | 1915[m] | 12[n] | 24 | Walnut Creek, California |
Southeastern Conference ** | SEC | 1932 | 14 | 20 | Birmingham, Alabama |
Sun Belt Conference *** | Sun Belt | 1976 | 12[o][p] | 18[q] | New Orleans, Louisiana |
(** "Big Five" or "Power Five" conferences with guaranteed berths in the "access bowls" associated with the College Football Playoff)
(*** "Group of Five" conferences)
- Notes
- ^ The conference was founded in 1979 as the original Big East Conference. It renamed itself the American Athletic Conference following a 2013 split along football lines. The non-FBS schools of the original conference left to form a new conference that purchased the Big East name, while the FBS schools continued to operate under the old Big East's charter and structure. The American also inherited the old Big East's Bowl Championship Series berth for the 2013 season, the last for the BCS.
- ^ 10 of the 11 full members sponsor football, with Wichita State as the only non-football member.
- ^ In addition to the full members, five schools have single-sport associate membership, and a sixth is a member in two sports:
- Navy is a football-only member.
- Florida, Old Dominion, and Vanderbilt are members in women's lacrosse.
- Old Dominion, Sacramento State, and San Diego State are members in women's rowing.
- ^ Notre Dame is a full member except in football, in which it remains independent. It has committed to play at least five games each season against ACC opponents, and to play each other ACC member at least once every three years.
- ^ In addition to the full members, two schools have affiliate membership:
- Johns Hopkins, otherwise a Division III member, is an affiliate in both men's and women's lacrosse, sports in which the school fields Division I teams.
- Notre Dame is a men's hockey affiliate.
- ^ In addition to the full members, the Big 12 has 10 members that participate in only one sport, and another that participates in two through the 2020–21 school year. The two-sport member is dropping one of its Big 12 sports, and two other schools are set to become single-sport members in the near future.
- Air Force, North Dakota State, Northern Colorado, Northern Iowa, South Dakota State, Utah Valley, and Wyoming compete in men's wrestling. Fresno State was also a men's wrestling member through the 2020–21 season, but is dropping that sport.
- Alabama and Tennessee compete in women's rowing.
- Denver competes in women's gymnastics.
- Fresno State will continue as a women's equestrian member after dropping wrestling.
- Two schools are scheduled to join in men's wrestling in the near future—Missouri in July 2021, and California Baptist in 2022, when it completes its ongoing transition from Division II to Division I.
- ^ The conference was founded in 1995, with football competition starting in 1996.
- ^ In addition to the 14 full members, Conference USA features two schools that play men's soccer in the conference: Kentucky and South Carolina. A third school, Coastal Carolina, will join C-USA men's soccer in July 2021.
- ^ Note that "Independents" is not a conference; it is simply a designation used for schools whose football programs do not play in any conference. All of these schools have conference memberships for other sports.
- ^ In addition to the 12 full members, the Mid-American Conference features 18 members which only participate in one sport each, plus one other school that competes in two sports. Three schools will become single-sport members in the near future.
- Appalachian State and Longwood compete in women's field hockey, as will Bellarmine from July 2021.
- Binghamton competes in men's tennis.
- Detroit Mercy, Robert Morris, and Youngstown State compete in women's lacrosse.
- Evansville, Missouri State, and Southern Illinois compete in men's swimming and diving.
- West Virginia competes in men's soccer, as will Georgia Southern and Georgia State from July 2021.
- SIU Edwardsville competes in men's soccer and men's wrestling. SIUE men's soccer will move to the Missouri Valley Conference in July 2021.
- In addition to SIU Edwardsville, eight other schools are men's wrestling affiliates—full Division I members Cleveland State, George Mason, Missouri, and Rider, plus four Division II members that compete in D-I wrestling, namely Bloomsburg, Clarion, Edinboro, and Lock Haven. Missouri wrestling moves to the Big 12 Conference in July 2021.
- ^ Since 2012, Hawaiʻi has been a football-only associate member, with most of its remaining teams in the non-football Big West Conference.
- ^ In addition to the 11 full members and football affiliate Hawaiʻi, Colorado College, a Division III school with a Division I men's ice hockey team, plays Division I women's soccer in the MW.
- ^ The charter of the Pac-12 dates only to the formation of the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) in 1959. However, the Pac-12 claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, which was founded in 1915 and began competition in 1916, as its own. Of the nine members of the PCC at the time of its demise in June 1959, only Idaho never joined the Pac-12. The PCC's berth in the Rose Bowl passed to the AAWU.
- ^ The Pac-12 also includes four associate members, each of which competes in a single sport. San Diego State plays men's soccer. Cal State Bakersfield, Cal Poly, and Little Rock compete in wrestling.
- ^ Ten Sun Belt Conference members currently sponsor football, with Little Rock and UT Arlington as members that do not play football at all.
- ^ Central Arkansas and Howard are men's soccer affiliates through the 2020–21 school year, but both will move that sport to other conferences in July 2021. Central Arkansas will become a full member of the ASUN Conference and its existing men's soccer league, and Howard will join Northeast Conference men's soccer.
- ^ 17 sports in July 2021 with discontinuation of men's soccer.
Football Championship Subdivision
The Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly known as Division I-AA, consists of 124 teams as of the 2018 season; three programs are independent, while the remaining 121 teams are structured into 13 conferences.[64] The "I-AA" designation was dropped by the NCAA in 2006, although it is still informally and commonly used. FCS teams are limited to 63 players on scholarship (compared to 85 for FBS teams) and usually play an 11-game schedule (compared to 12 games for FBS teams).[65] The FCS determines its national champion through an NCAA-sanctioned single-elimination bracket tournament, culminating in a title game, the NCAA Division I Football Championship.[66] As of the 2018 season, the tournament begins with 24 teams; 10 conference champions that received automatic bids, and 14 teams selected at-large by a selection committee.[67]
The postseason tournament traditionally begins on Thanksgiving weekend in late November. When I-AA was formed 43 years ago in 1978,[11] the playoffs included just four teams for its first three seasons, doubling to eight teams for one season in 1981.[68] From 1982 to 1985, there was a 12-team tournament; this expanded to 16 teams in 1986. The playoffs expanded to 20 teams starting in 2010, then grew to 24 teams in 2013. Since the 2010 season, the title game is held in early January at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. From 1997 through 2009, the title game was played in December in Chattanooga, Tennessee, preceded by five seasons in Huntington, West Virginia.[69]
Abstainers
The Football Championship Subdivision includes several conferences which do not participate in the eponymous post-season championship tournament.
The Ivy League was reclassified to I-AA (FCS) following the 1981 season,[70] and plays a strict ten-game schedule. Although it qualifies for an automatic bid, the Ivy League has not played any postseason games at all since becoming a conference for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season, citing academic concerns. (The last college which is now an Ivy League member to play in a bowl game was Columbia in the 1934 Rose Bowl.)
The Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) has its own championship game in mid-December between the champions of its East and West divisions. Also, three of its member schools traditionally do not finish their regular seasons until Thanksgiving weekend. Grambling State and Southern play each other in the Bayou Classic, and Alabama State plays Tuskegee (of Division II) in the Turkey Day Classic. SWAC teams are eligible to accept at-large bids if their schedule is not in conflict. The last SWAC team to participate in the I-AA playoffs was Jackson State in 1997; the SWAC never achieved success in the tournament, going winless in 19 games in twenty years (1978–97). It had greater success outside the conference while in Division II and the preceding College Division.
From 2006 through 2009, the Pioneer Football League and Northeast Conference champions played in the Gridiron Classic. If a league champion was invited to the national championship playoff as an at-large bid (something the Pioneer league, at least, never received), the second-place team would play in the Gridiron Classic. That game was scrapped after the 2009 season when its four-year contract ran out; this coincided with the NCAA's announcement that the Northeast Conference would get an automatic bid to the tournament starting in 2010. The Big South Conference also received an automatic bid in the same season. The Pioneer Football League earned an automatic bid beginning in 2013.
The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) began abstaining from the playoffs with the 2015 season. Like the SWAC, its members are eligible for at-large bids, and the two conferences have faced off in the Celebration Bowl as an alternative postseason game since the 2015 season.
Schools in a transition period after joining the FCS from a lower division (or from the NAIA) are also ineligible for the playoffs.
Scholarships
Division I FCS schools are currently restricted to giving financial assistance amounting to 63 full scholarships. As FCS football is an "equivalency" sport (as opposed to the "head-count" status of FBS football), Championship Subdivision schools may divide their allotment into partial scholarships. However, FCS schools may only have 85 players receiving any sort of athletic financial aid for football—the same numeric limit as FBS schools. Because of competitive forces, however, a substantial number of players in Championship Subdivision programs are on full scholarships. Another difference is that FCS schools no longer have a limit on the number of new players that can be provided with financial aid in a given season, while FBS schools are limited to 25 such additions per season. Finally, FCS schools are limited to 95 individuals participating in preseason practices, as opposed to 105 at FBS schools (the three service academies that play FBS football are exempt from preseason practice player limits by NCAA rule).
A few Championship Subdivision conferences are composed of schools that offer no athletic scholarships at all, most notably the Ivy League and the Pioneer Football League (PFL), a football-only conference. The Ivy League allows no athletic scholarships at all, while the PFL consists of schools that offer scholarships in other sports but choose not to take on the expense of a scholarship football program. The Northeast Conference also sponsored non-scholarship football, but began offering a maximum of 30 full scholarship equivalents in 2006, which grew to 40 in 2011 after a later vote of the league's school presidents and athletic directors and has since increased to 45.[71] The Patriot League only began awarding football scholarships in the 2013 season, with the first scholarships awarded only to incoming freshmen. Before the conference began its transition to scholarship football, athletes receiving scholarships in other sports were ineligible to play football for member schools. Since the completion of the transition with the 2016 season, member schools have been allowed up to 60 full scholarship equivalents.[72]
Conferences
Conference | Nickname | Founded | Members | Sports | Headquarters | FCS Tournament Bid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Big Sky Conference | Big Sky | 1963 | 11[a][b] | 16 | Ogden, Utah | Automatic |
Big South Conference | Big South | 1983 | 11[c] | 18 | Charlotte, North Carolina | Automatic |
Colonial Athletic Association | CAA | 1983[d] | 10[e][f] | 21 | Richmond, Virginia | Automatic |
Division I FCS Independents[g] | 3[h] | |||||
Ivy League | Ivy League | 1954[i] | 8 | 33 | Princeton, New Jersey | Automatic – (Abstains) |
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference | MEAC | 1970 | 11[j][k][l] | 15 | Norfolk, Virginia | Abstains |
Missouri Valley Football Conference | MVFC | 1985[m] | 11 | 1 | St. Louis, Missouri | Automatic |
Northeast Conference | NEC | 1981 | 10[n][o] | 23 | Somerset, New Jersey | Automatic |
Ohio Valley Conference | OVC | 1948 | 12[p][q] | 19 | Brentwood, Tennessee | Automatic |
Patriot League | Patriot | 1986[r] | 10[s][t] | 23 | Center Valley, Pennsylvania | Automatic |
Pioneer Football League | PFL | 1991 | 9[u] | 1 | St. Louis, Missouri | Automatic |
Southern Conference | SoCon | 1921 | 10[v] | 22 | Spartanburg, South Carolina | Automatic |
Southland Conference | SLC | 1963 | 13[w][x] | 18 | Frisco, Texas | Automatic |
Southwestern Athletic Conference | SWAC | 1920 | 10[y][z] | 18 | Birmingham, Alabama | Abstains |
- Notes
- ^ 13 football members with Cal Poly and UC Davis, both full members of the non-football Big West Conference, as football-only affiliates.
- 10 full members and 12 football members in 2022 with Southern Utah joining the Western Athletic Conference.
- ^ In addition to the full members and football affiliates, Binghamton and Hartford are associate members in men's golf. Hartford will leave in 2023 as part of its planned transition to NCAA Division III.
- ^ The Big South has four full members that compete for its football championship, plus four football-only associates in Kennesaw State, Monmouth, North Alabama, and Robert Morris.
- In 2021, the Big South will add North Carolina A&T as a full member, including football.
- 7 football members in 2022 with departure of full ASUN Conference members Kennesaw State and North Alabama for the new ASUN football league.
- ^ The CAA football conference was only founded in 2007, but has a continuous history dating to the late 1930s (although not under the same charter):
- The New England Conference was formed by five New England state universities, plus one private university in that region (Northeastern), in 1938. Four of the public schools—Maine, UMass, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island—were in the CAA football conference through the 2011 season. However, UMass football left for the MAC in 2012. URI football initially planned to leave for the Northeast Conference in 2013, but decided to remain in the CAA.
- In 1946, the four then-remaining members of the New England Conference affiliated with two other schools to form the Yankee Conference under a separate charter, with athletic competition starting in 1947.
- In 1997, the Yankee Conference was absorbed by the Atlantic 10 Conference. The A-10 inherited the Yankee Conference's automatic berth in the Division I-AA (now FCS) playoffs. In addition to the four charter New England Conference members mentioned above, five other members of the Yankee Conference at the time of the A10 merger are still in the CAA football conference.
- After the 2006 season, all of the A-10 football teams left for the new CAA football conference. The CAA inherited the A10's automatic berth in the FCS playoffs.
- ^ The CAA has 10 full members, but only five of them are part of the CAA football conference. Currently, seven associate members fill out the ranks of the CAA football conference: Albany, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Richmond, Stony Brook, and Villanova. Villanova is also a CAA associate in women's rowing.
- ^ In addition to the football associates, the CAA has four other associate members that each participate in one sport:
- Eastern Michigan and UConn compete in women's rowing. UConn will drop rowing after the 2020–21 season.
- Fairfield and UMass play men's lacrosse.
- ^ Note that "Independents" is not a conference; it is simply a designation used for schools whose football programs do not play in any conference. All of these schools have conference memberships for other sports.
- ^ No independents in July 2021 with Presbyterian joining the Pioneer Football League, and Dixie State and Tarleton State joining the new FCS football league of their full-time home of the Western Athletic Conference.
- ^ Although the conference considers 1954 to be its founding date, the athletic league's origins go back to the turn of the 20th century.
- The Ivy League considers the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League (EIBL), a men's basketball-only conference founded in 1901, as part of its history. Every school that had been an EIBL member would become part of the Ivy League.
- In 1945, the eight schools that would eventually form the athletic Ivy League entered into the Ivy Group Agreement, which governed football competition between the schools. The original agreement was renewed in 1952.
- The official founding date of 1954 reflects the extension of the Ivy Group Agreement to all sports. As part of the agreement, Brown, the only one of the original Ivy Group that had not joined the EIBL, did so. All-sports competition began in 1955, with the EIBL directly absorbed into the new league.
- ^ The football conference currently consists of 9 of the 11 member schools.
- ^ Three members will leave in 2021—Bethune–Cookman and Florida A&M for the Southwestern Athletic Conference, and North Carolina A&T for the Big South Conference.
- ^ In addition to the full members, three other schools are associates in two sports:
- Augusta, a Division II school that operates Division I programs in men's and women's golf, is an associate member in men's golf only.
- Monmouth and UAB participate in women's bowling. North Carolina A&T plans to continue in MEAC bowling after its departure for the Big South, which does not sponsor that sport.
- ^ The football conference dates to 1985, but the conference charter was established in 1982. See History of the Missouri Valley Football Conference for more details.
- ^ The conference has 8 full members that sponsor football. Duquesne of the non-football Atlantic 10 is a football associate.
- ^ In addition to Duquesne in football, the NEC has five other associate members that each participate in one sport, plus one in multiple sports:
- Division II member Caldwell participates in women's bowling, as does Duquesne.
- Hobart, otherwise a Division III member, and full D-I member Saint Joseph's participate in men's lacrosse.
- Fairfield and Rider are field hockey associates.
- Howard competes in men's and women's swimming & diving. It will add women's golf, women's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer to its NEC membership in 2021.
- ^ The football conference consists of 9 of the 12 member schools. Morehead State plays non-scholarship football in the Pioneer Football League, while Belmont and SIU Edwardsville do not sponsor football.
- 10 full members and 7 football members in 2021 with loss of Eastern Kentucky and Jacksonville State.
- ^ In addition to the full members, Chattanooga is an associate in beach volleyball.
- ^ The Patriot League was founded as the football-only Colonial League in 1986. In 1990, it became an all-sports conference and adopted its current name.
- ^ Five of the full members do not sponsor FCS football. American, Boston University and Loyola (Maryland) do not sponsor football at all; Army is an FBS independent; and Navy plays in the American Athletic Conference. Fordham and Georgetown are associate members in football.
- ^ In addition to the football associates, two other schools have single-sport membership:
- MIT, otherwise a Division III institution, is an associate in women's rowing.
- Richmond is a women's golf associate.
- ^ 11 members in 2021 with addition of Presbyterian and St. Thomas (MN).
- ^ In addition to the full members, the SoCon currently has 14 associate members which play one sport in the conference, and one that plays two. In 2021, the current two-sport associate will move one of its sports from the SoCon, one single-sport associate will leave the SoCon entirely, and one new associate will join.
- Air Force, Bellarmine, High Point, Jacksonville, and Richmond are members in men's lacrosse. Bellarmine (transitioning from D-II) and Jacksonville are full members of the ASUN Conference, which has a formal relationship with the SoCon in men's lacrosse. After the 2021 season, the ASUN will reinstate men's lacrosse; Air Force and Bellarmine will move to the new ASUN league, while Jacksonville will remain in the SoCon. Hampton will join SoCon men's lacrosse at that time.
- Appalachian State, Bellarmine, Campbell, Davidson, Gardner–Webb, and Presbyterian are members in wrestling. Bellarmine will remain in SoCon wrestling after its men's lacrosse team moves to the ASUN.
- Delaware State is a member in women's lacrosse.
- Georgia Southern, North Georgia (a Division II institution), and UAB are members in rifle. Rifle has a single national championship for all divisions.
- Belmont is a member in men's soccer.
- ^ The football conference currently consists of 11 of the 13 member schools.
- ^ 8 full members and 6 football members in July 2021 with Abilene Christian, Lamar, Sam Houston, and Stephen F. Austin moving to the Western Athletic Conference and its revived football league, and Central Arkansas moving to the ASUN Conference for non-football sports and football-only membership in the WAC, with ASUN football membership following in 2022.
- ^ 12 members in 2021 with addition of Bethune–Cookman and Florida A&M.
- ^ In addition to the full members, Howard is an associate member in women's soccer, but will move that sport to the Northeast Conference in July 2021.
Division I non-football schools
Several Bowl Subdivision and Championship Subdivision conferences have member institutions that do not compete in football. Such schools are sometimes unofficially referred to as I-AAA.[73]
The following non-football conferences have full members that sponsor football:
- The America East Conference has four football-sponsoring schools, all of which play in the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA)—Albany, Maine, New Hampshire, and Stony Brook.
- The ASUN Conference also has four football-sponsoring members:
- Kennesaw State has played in the Big South Conference since 2015, and North Alabama, which joined the ASUN from NCAA Division II in 2018 and played that season as an FCS independent, joined Big South football in 2019.
- Liberty, which also joined the ASUN in 2018, completed an FBS transition at the end of the 2018 season and is now an FBS independent.
- Stetson plays in the Pioneer Football League (PFL).
- The ASUN will add football in the near future, most likely in 2022. Kennesaw State and North Alabama will be joined by Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, and Jacksonville State, all three of which are joining the ASUN in July 2021.[74][75]
- The Atlantic 10 Conference has seven football-sponsoring members:
- Davidson and Dayton play in the PFL.
- Duquesne plays in the Northeast Conference (NEC).
- Fordham plays in the Patriot League.
- Rhode Island and Richmond play in the CAA.
- UMass plays FBS football as an independent.
- The current Big East Conference has four football-sponsoring schools. Three play in FCS—Butler in the PFL, Georgetown in the Patriot League, and Villanova in the CAA. The fourth, UConn, plays as an FBS independent.
- Three Big West Conference members have football programs. UC Davis and Cal Poly play FCS football in the Big Sky Conference, and Hawaiʻi plays FBS football in the Mountain West Conference.
- The Horizon League has two football schools. Robert Morris plays Big South football and Youngstown State plays in the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC).
- The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) has two football schools. Marist plays in the PFL, and Monmouth plays in the Big South.
- The Missouri Valley Conference has seven football schools—Drake, Illinois State, Indiana State, Missouri State, Northern Iowa, Southern Illinois and Valparaiso. Drake and Valparaiso play in the PFL, while the others compete in the MVFC (a separate legal entity from the MVC, despite the similar name).
- The Summit League has five football schools, and will add a sixth such school in 2021. All current football schools play in the MVFC—North Dakota, North Dakota State, South Dakota, South Dakota State and Western Illinois. St. Thomas of Minnesota, which will join the Summit from Division III in July 2021, will play in the PFL.
- The West Coast Conference has two football schools in BYU and San Diego, which respectively play football as an FBS independent and a PFL member.
- The Western Athletic Conference has three football schools. New Mexico State plays as an FBS independent,[76] and 2020 arrivals Dixie State and Tarleton play as FCS independents. The WAC will reinstate football at the FCS level in July 2021, with Dixie State and Tarleton joined by new arrivals Abilene Christian, Lamar, Sam Houston, and Stephen F. Austin. Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, and Jacksonville State will be football-only members in the fall 2021 season and join the ASUN football league when it launches in 2022. Southern Utah will join for all sports, including football, in 2022.[77][78][79] Additionally, full WAC member UTRGV plans to start an FCS football program no later than 2024.[80]
The following Division I conferences do not sponsor football. These conferences still compete in Division I for all sports that they sponsor.
Conferences
Conference | Nickname | Founded | Members | Sports | Headquarters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
America East Conference | America East | 1979 | 10[a][b] | 18 | Boston, Massachusetts |
ASUN Conference | ASUN | 1978 | 9[c][d] | 19[e] | Macon, Georgia |
Atlantic 10 Conference | A-10 | 1975 | 14[f] | 21 | Newport News, Virginia |
Big East Conference | Big East | 2013[g] | 11[h] | 22 | New York City, New York |
Big West Conference | Big West | 1969 | 11[i] | 18 | Irvine, California |
Horizon League | Horizon | 1979 | 12 | 19 | Indianapolis, Indiana |
Independents[j] | Independents | 0[k] | |||
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference | MAAC | 1980 | 11[l] | 22 | Edison, New Jersey |
Missouri Valley Conference | MVC / Valley | 1907 | 10[m] | 17 | St. Louis, Missouri |
The Summit League | The Summit | 1982 | 9[n][o] | 19 | Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
West Coast Conference | WCC | 1952 | 10[p] | 15 | San Bruno, California |
Western Athletic Conference | WAC | 1962 | 9[q][r] | 19[s] | Greenwood Village, Colorado |
- Notes
- ^ In addition to the full members, there are five associate members:
- California, Monmouth, Stanford, and UC Davis are associates in field hockey.
- VMI is an associate in men's and women's swimming & diving.
- ^ 9 full members in 2023 with departure of Hartford for an NCAA Division III conference to be determined.
- ^ 12 members in 2021 with addition of Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, and Jacksonville State.
- At least 5 football members in 2022, with the three 2021 arrivals joined by current full members Kennesaw State and North Alabama.
- ^ In addition to the full members, the ASUN has three associate members; one of the current associates will leave and five new associates will join in July 2021.
- Coastal Carolina and Mercer compete in beach volleyball.
- Howard competes in women's lacrosse, but will leave after the 2021 season for Northeast Conference associate membership.
- Air Force, Cleveland State, Detroit Mercy, Robert Morris, and Utah will become associates in men's lacrosse after the 2021 season.
- ^ 20 sports in 2021 with addition of men's lacrosse; 21 sports in 2022 with addition of FCS football.
- ^ In addition to the full members, Lock Haven, otherwise a Division II institution, and Saint Francis (Pennsylvania) are associate members in field hockey.
- ^ The current Big East was formed in 2013 as a result of the split of the original Big East Conference. The original conference charter was retained by the football-sponsoring schools now known as the American Athletic Conference. While both leagues claim 1979 as their founding date, the current Big East maintains the history of the original conference in all sports that it sponsors. The pre-split histories of Big East football and rowing—the two sports that are sponsored by The American but not the current Big East—are not recognized by either offshoot conference.
- ^ In addition to the full members, the following schools are Big East affiliates in one or more sports:
- Liberty, Old Dominion, Quinnipiac, and Temple participate in field hockey.
- Denver participates in men's and women's lacrosse.
- ^ In addition to the full members, Sacramento State is a member in beach volleyball and men's soccer.
- ^ Note that "Independents" is not a conference, it is simply a designation used to indicate schools which are not a member of any conference.
- ^ There have been no independents since the New Jersey Institute of Technology joined the ASUN Conference in 2015.
- ^ In addition to the full members, 14 other schools are MAAC affiliates in one sport, and two others have multiple sports in the conference.
- Albany, Dayton, and Hartford participate in women's golf. Hartford will leave the MAAC in 2023 as part of its Division III transition.
- Bryant participates in men's swimming and diving.
- Detroit Mercy and St. Bonaventure participate in men's lacrosse. Detroit Mercy will move men's lacrosse to the ASUN Conference after the 2021 season.
- Drake, Robert Morris, and Stetson participate in women's rowing.
- LIU, St. Francis Brooklyn, Villanova, VMI, and Wagner participate in women's water polo.
- Jacksonville participates in women's rowing and the non-NCAA sport of men's rowing.
- La Salle participates in women's golf and women's water polo.
- ^ In addition to the full members, three schools house one sport in the conference:
- Dallas Baptist, otherwise a Division II institution, plays baseball.
- Little Rock is an associate in women's swimming & diving.
- Stony Brook competes in women's tennis.
- ^ 10 full members in 2021 with addition of St. Thomas (MN).
- ^ In addition to the full members, three schools are single-sport associates, and one houses multiple sports in the conference. One more school is set to become a single-sport associate in the near future.
- Drake and Illinois State are men's tennis associates.
- Eastern Illinois is an associate member in men's soccer, plus men's and women's swimming & diving.
- Valparaiso is an associate in men's swimming (it does not sponsor diving).
- Northern Colorado will become a baseball associate in 2021.
- ^ In addition to the full members, Creighton is an associate member in women's rowing.
- ^ 13 full members and 9 football members in July 2021 with arrival of Abilene Christian, Lamar, Sam Houston, and Stephen F. Austin, all of which sponsor football. They will be joined by current full members Dixie State and Tarleton, plus football-only members Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, and Jacksonville State, in a revived WAC football league that will play in FCS.
- 13 full members and 7 football members in 2022 with addition of football-sponsoring Southern Utah, departure of full non-football member Chicago State, and departure of football-only members Central Arkansas, Eastern Kentucky, and Jacksonville State for the new ASUN football league.
- 13 full members and 8 football members no later than 2024 with addition of football by full member UTRGV.
- ^ In addition to the full members, the WAC currently has 9 associate members that house one or two sports in the conference:
- Air Force and UNLV participate in men's soccer and men's swimming and diving.
- Houston Baptist, Incarnate Word, and San Jose State participate only in men's soccer.
- Northern Colorado participates in baseball and women's swimming & diving. The baseball team will move to the Summit League in 2021.
- Northern Arizona participates in women's swimming and diving.
- Sacramento State participates in baseball.
- Wyoming participates in men's swimming & diving.
- ^ 20 sports in 2021 with reinstatement of football.
Of these, the three that most recently sponsored football were the Atlantic 10, MAAC, and WAC. The A-10 football league dissolved in 2006 with its members going to the Colonial Athletic Association. In addition, four A-10 schools (Dayton, Fordham, Duquesne, and Massachusetts) play football in a conference other than the new CAA, which still includes two full-time A-10 members (Rhode Island and Richmond). The MAAC stopped sponsoring football in 2007, after most of its members gradually stopped fielding teams. The only pre-2007 MAAC member that still sponsors football is Marist; Monmouth became the second full MAAC member with football upon its arrival in 2013. Marist plays in the Pioneer Football League, while Monmouth spent the 2013 season as an FCS independent before moving its football program into the Big South. The WAC dropped football at the end of the 2012 season, after a near-complete membership turnover that saw the conference stripped of all but two of its football-sponsoring members. The two remaining football-sponsoring schools, Idaho and New Mexico State, played the 2013 season as FBS independents before becoming football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference in 2014. Both left Sun Belt football in 2018, with Idaho downgrading to FCS status and adding football to its all-sports Big Sky Conference membership and New Mexico State becoming an FBS independent. The WAC added two more football-sponsoring schools with the 2020 arrival of Dixie State and Tarleton from Division II; both schools planned to be FCS independents for the foreseeable future. In January 2021, the WAC announced it would reinstate football at the FCS level in July of that year, coinciding with the arrival of four new full members with FCS football.
División I en hockey sobre hielo
Some sports, most notably ice hockey[81] and men's volleyball, have completely different conference structures that operate outside of the normal NCAA sports conference structure.
As ice hockey is limited to a much smaller number of almost exclusively Northern schools, there is a completely different conference structure for teams.[81] These conferences feature a mix of teams that play their other sports in various Division I conferences, and even Division II and Division III schools. For most of the early 21st century, there was no correlation between a team's ice hockey affiliation and its affiliation for other sports, with the exception of the Ivy League's hockey-playing schools all being members of the ECAC. For example, before 2013, the Hockey East men's conference consisted of one ACC school, one Big East school, four schools from the America East, one from the A-10, one CAA school, and two schools from the D-II Northeast Ten Conference, while the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) both had some Big Ten representation, plus Division II and III schools. Also, the divisional structure is truncated, with the Division II championship abolished in 1999.
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ceased its sponsorship of the sport in 2003,[82] with the remaining members forming Atlantic Hockey. For the next decade, no regular all-sport conferences sponsored ice hockey.
Starting with the 2013–14 season, Division I men's hockey experienced a major realignment. The Big Ten Conference began to sponsor ice hockey, and their institutions withdrew their membership from the WCHA and CCHA.[83] Additionally, six other schools from those conferences withdrew to form the new National Collegiate Hockey Conference at the same time.[84] The fallout from these moves led to the demise of the original CCHA, two more teams entering the NCHC, and further membership turnover in the men's side of the WCHA.
Women's hockey was largely unaffected by this realignment. The Big Ten still has only four members with varsity women's hockey (full members Michigan and Michigan State only ice men's teams, as does hockey-only member Notre Dame), with six teams required under conference bylaws for official sponsorship. As a result, the only changes in women's hockey affiliations in the 2010–14 period occurred in College Hockey America, which saw two schools drop the sport and three new members join.
The next significant realignment will take place after the 2020–21 season, when seven of the 10 current men's members of the WCHA will leave to form a revived CCHA.[85]
Conferences
Conference | Nickname | Founded | Members | Men | Women |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic Hockey | AHA | 1997 | 11[a] | 11 | none |
Big Ten Conference | Big Ten, B1G | 1896 [b] | 7 | 7 | none |
College Hockey America | CHA | 1999 [c] | 6[d] | none | 6 |
ECAC Hockey | N/A | 1961[e] | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Hockey East | N/A | 1984[f] | 12 | 11 | 10 |
Independents | 2[g] | 2 | none | ||
National Collegiate Hockey Conference | NCHC | 2011[h] | 8 | 8 | none |
New England Women's Hockey Alliance | NEWHA | 2018[i] | 6[j] | none | 6 |
Western Collegiate Hockey Association | WCHA | 1951[k] | 15 | 10[l] | 7[m] |
- Notes
- ^ 10 members in 2021 with loss of Robert Morris.
- ^ Founded as an all-sports conference in 1896, but did not sponsor ice hockey until 2013–14.
- ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1999, with women's hockey added in 2002. Men's hockey was dropped after the 2009–10 season.
- ^ 5 members in 2021 with loss of Robert Morris.
- ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1961. A women's invitational tournament was first held in 1985; regular-season play began informally in 1988 before becoming officially sponsored in 1992. Originally part of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, but independent of that body since 2004.
- ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1984, with women's hockey added in 2002.
- ^ 4 independents, all men's teams, likely in 2021–22—Arizona State and LIU, both of which played as such in 2020–21, and Alabama–Huntsville and Alaska, left behind with the likely demise of the men's WCHA.
- ^ Date of founding; play began in 2013–14.
- ^ Founded as a scheduling alliance in 2017; formally organized as a conference in 2018. Received official NCAA recognition in 2019.
- ^ 7 members in 2022 with addition of Stonehill.
- ^ Founded as a men's-only conference in 1951, with women's hockey added in 1999.
- ^ Likely disbanding as a men's conference in 2021 following the 2019 announcement by seven of the then 10 men's members that they would leave after the 2020–21 season, with the group announcing in February 2020 that they would join a revived CCHA. An eighth men's member (Alaska Anchorage) has announced it will drop the sport after the 2020–21 season.
- ^ 8 women's members in 2021 with addition of St. Thomas (MN).
Debate de clasificación
In the early 21st century, a controversy arose in the NCAA over whether schools will continue to be allowed to have one showcased program in Division I with the remainder of the athletic program in a lower division, as is the case of, notably, Johns Hopkins University lacrosse as well as Colorado College and University of Alabama in Huntsville in ice hockey. This is an especially important issue in hockey, which has no Division II national championship and has several schools whose other athletic programs compete in Division II and Division III.
This controversy was resolved at the 2004 NCAA Convention in Nashville, Tennessee when the members supported Proposal 65–1, the amended legislation co-sponsored by Colorado College, Clarkson University, Hartwick College, the Johns Hopkins University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rutgers University–Newark, St. Lawrence University, and SUNY Oneonta.[86][87] Each school affected by this debate is allowed to grant financial aid to student-athletes who compete in Division I programs in one men's sport and one women's sport. It is still permitted for other schools to place one men's and one women's sport in Division I going forward, but they cannot offer scholarships without bringing the whole program into compliance with Division I rules. In addition, schools in Divisions II and III are allowed to "play up" in any sport that does not have a championship for the school's own division, but only Division II programs and any Division III programs covered by the exemption can offer scholarships in those sports.
The Division I programs at each of the eight "waiver schools" which were grandfathered with the passing of Proposal 65-1 were:
- Clarkson University – men's and women's ice hockey
- Colorado College – men's ice hockey, women's soccer
- Hartwick College – men's soccer, women's water polo (men's soccer dropped to Division III in 2018, with women's water polo discontinued at the same time)
- Johns Hopkins University – men's and women's lacrosse
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – men's ice hockey (women's ice hockey moved up to Division I in 2005)
- Rutgers University–Newark – men's volleyball (dropped to Division III in 2014)
- St. Lawrence University – men's and women's ice hockey
- SUNY Oneonta – men's soccer (dropped to Division III in 2006)
Ver también
- List of NCAA Division I institutions
- List of NCAA Division I athletic directors
- List of current NCAA Division I champions
- List of non-NCAA Division I schools competing in NCAA Division I sports
- List of schools reclassifying their athletic programs to NCAA Division I
- Progress toward degree
Referencias
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- ^ a b "Bylaw 20.9.6 Sports Sponsorship" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. August 7, 2020. pp. 406–07. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Who We Are: Our Three Divisions". NCAA. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ "Bylaw 20.9.3 Financial Aid Requirements" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. August 7, 2020. pp. 405–06. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ "Bylaw 20.9.5 Three-Season Requirement" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. August 7, 2020. p. 406. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ "Divisional Differences and the History of Multidivision Classification | NCAA.org - The Official Site of the NCAA". NCAA.org. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
- ^ In the news: June 7 Archived January 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Ncaa.org (2011-06-07). Retrieved on 2013-08-17.
- ^ "Bylaw 20.8.2: Division II Options When No Division II Championship Is Conducted" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. NCAA. August 7, 2020. p. 403. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ a b "Big schools win battle". St. Petersburg Independent. Associated Press. January 13, 1978. p. 5C. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
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- ^ Maryland athletics' financial woes reveal a broken college sports revenue model, June 28, 2012, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ NCAA Revenues/Expenses Division I Report, 2004 - 2010, p. 13
- ^ NCAA Revenues/Expenses Division I Report, 2004 - 2010, p. 14
- ^ "Gearing Up: A Deep Look at College Football Equipment". SpareFoot. October 16, 2013. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
- ^ Brutlag Hosick, Michelle. "Council Approves Meals, Other Student-Athlete Well-Being Rules".
- ^ "Bylaw 20.02.5: Multisport Conference" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. August 7, 2020. pp. 394–95. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ "Bylaw 20.02.6: Football Bowl Subdivision Conference" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. August 7, 2020. p. 395. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2012, (page 192), http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2013.pdf
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2011, (page 184), http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2012.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2014
- ^ "The Future of Collegiate Wrestling Isn’t at Division I Level", Forbes, September 26, 2017.
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2012, (page 185), http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2013.pdf
- ^ NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, October 2011, (page 180), http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/PR2012.pdf
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- ^ "Bylaw 15.02.3 Counter" (PDF). 2020–21 NCAA Division I Manual. NCAA. August 7, 2020. p. 208. Retrieved December 17, 2020. See also Bylaw 15.5.1, pp. 219–221, for a more comprehensive discussion of when an individual becomes a "counter" in most sports, and Bylaw 15.5.6.3, pp. 227–28, for a discussion of this concept specifically applying to football.
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enlaces externos
- Official website