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Introducción

Las aventuras de Pinocho (1883) es una obra canónica de literatura infantil y uno de los libros más vendidos jamás publicados.

En términos generales, la literatura es cualquier colección detrabajo escrito , pero también se usa de manera más restringida para los escritos que se consideran específicamente unaforma de arte , especialmente la ficción en prosa, el drama y la poesía . En los últimos siglos, la definición se ha ampliado para incluir literatura oral , gran parte de la cual ha sido transcrita. La literatura es un método para registrar, preservar y transmitir conocimiento y entretenimiento.

La literatura, como forma de arte, también puede incluir obras en varios géneros de no ficción, como autobiografía , diarios , memorias , cartas y el ensayo . Dentro de su definición amplia, la literatura incluye libros, artículos u otra información impresa que no son de ficción sobre un tema en particular. ( Artículo completo ... )

Obra seleccionada

Ilustración de Gustave Doré de los últimos versos del poema.
" El cuervo " es un poema narrativo del escritor estadounidense Edgar Allan Poe . Su publicación hizo a Poe muy popular durante su vida. Aunque no le trajo mucho éxito financiero, pronto fue reimpreso, parodiado y, sin embargo, sigue siendo uno de los poemas más famosos jamás escritos.

Publicado por primera vez en enero de 1845, el poema a menudo se destaca por su musicalidad, lenguaje estilizado y atmósfera sobrenatural . Habla de la misteriosa visita de un cuervo parlante a un amante angustiado, rastreando la lenta caída del hombre en la locura. El amante, a menudo identificado como estudiante, lamenta la pérdida de su amor, Lenore. Sentado en un busto de Pallas , el cuervo parece instigar aún más su angustia con su constante repetición de la palabra "Nunca más". El poema hace uso de una serie de referencias populares y clásicas .

Poe afirmó haber escrito el poema de manera muy lógica y metódica, con la intención de crear un poema que atrajera tanto los gustos críticos como los populares, como explicó en su ensayo de seguimiento de 1846 " La filosofía de la composición ". El poema se inspiró en parte en un cuervo parlante en la novela Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty de Charles Dickens . Poe toma prestados el complejo ritmo y metro de Elizabeth Barrett poema "de Lady Geraldine cortejo", y hace uso de la rima interna , así como la aliteración en todas partes.

Figura seleccionada

Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, primero Marqués de Vargas Llosa (nacido el 28 de marzo de 1936), más comúnmente conocido como Mario Vargas Llosa ( / v ɑr ɡ ə s j oʊ s ə / ; español:  [maɾjo baɾɣas ʎosa] ), es decir escritor, periodista, ensayista, profesor universitario y ex político peruano. Vargas Llosa es uno de los novelistas y ensayistas más importantes de América Latina y uno de los principales escritores de su generación. Algunos críticos consideran que tuvo un mayor impacto internacional y audiencia mundial que cualquier otro escritor del boom latinoamericano . En 2010 ganó elPremio Nobel de Literatura , "por su cartografía de las estructuras de poder y sus imágenes mordaces de la resistencia, revuelta y derrota del individuo".

Vargas Llosa llegó a la fama internacional en la década de 1960 con novelas como La ciudad y los perros ( La ciudad y los perros , literalmente, La ciudad y los perros , 1963/1966), La casa verde ( La casa verde , 1965/1968), y la Monumental Conversación en la Catedral ( Conversación en la catedral , 1969/1975). Escribe prolíficamente sobre una variedad de géneros literarios , incluida la crítica literaria y el periodismo. Sus novelas incluyen comedias, misterios de asesinatos, novelas históricas y thrillers políticos. Varios, como el Capitán Pantoja y el Servicio Especial (1973/1978) yTía Julia y el guionista (1977/1982), han sido adaptados como largometrajes.

Muchas de las obras de Vargas Llosa están influenciadas por la percepción del escritor de la sociedad peruana y sus propias experiencias como peruano nativo. Sin embargo, ha ampliado cada vez más su gama y ha abordado temas que surgen de otras partes del mundo. En sus ensayos, Vargas Llosa ha realizado numerosas críticas al nacionalismo en diferentes partes del mundo. Otro cambio en el curso de su carrera ha sido el cambio de un estilo y enfoque asociados con el modernismo literario a un posmodernismo a veces lúdico . ( Artículo completo ... )

Extracto seleccionado

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Ilustración seleccionada

  • Ninguno
    Ilustración: William Edward Frank Britten ; restauración: Adam Cuerden

    Œnone es un poema escrito porAlfred, Lord Tennyson, en 1829. Inspirado en la figura mitológica griegaOenone, primera esposa deParís de Troya, el poema es unmonólogo dramático quesigue el período previo a laGuerra de Troyay la guerra misma. Esta ilustración, deWilliam Edward Frank Britten, está acompañada por las líneas "Oh madreIda,Ida demuchas fuentes, / Querida madre Ida, escucha antes de que muera".

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  • The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
    Illustration: George Cruikshank; Restoration: Adam Cuerden

    In this scene from Laurence Sterne's The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, Uncle Toby's colonel invents a device for firing multiple miniature cannons at once, based on a hookah. Unfortunately, he and Toby find the puffing on the hookah pipe so enjoyable that they keep setting the cannons off. The novel was published in nine volumes over ten years, starting in 1759. Although it was not always held in high esteem by other writers, its bawdy humour was popular with London society, and it has come to be seen as one of the greatest comic novels in English, as well as a forerunner for many modern narrative devices and styles.

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  • Layla and Majnun
    Artist: Unknown; Restoration: Lise Broer

    A scene from a late-16th century publication of Nezami Ganjavi's adaptation of the classical Persian story Layla and Majnun, which is based on the real story of Qays ibn al-Mulawwah, a young man from the northern Arabian Peninsula and his love Layla. There are two versions of the story, but in both, Majnun goes mad when her father prevents him from marrying her. In the depicted scene, the eponymous star-crossed lovers meet for the last time before their deaths. Both have fainted and Majnun's elderly messenger attempts to revive Layla while wild animals protect the pair from unwelcome intruders.

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  • The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby
    Artist: Jessie Willcox Smith; Restoration: ErikTheBikeMan

    Mrs. Bedonebyasyoudid, a character named after the Golden Rule, from The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby, a children's novel by Charles Kingsley. Published in 1863, the book was extremely popular in England, and was a mainstay of British children's literature for many decades. The book had been intended in part as a satire, a tract against child labour, as well as a serious critique of the closed-minded approaches of many scientists of the day in their response to Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution.

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  • The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
    Artist: William Wallace Denslow

    An illustration from the first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, depicting the scene where Dorothy meets the Cowardly Lion, the first time the four major characters of the novel come together. The book was originally published in 1900 and has since been reprinted countless times, most often under the name The Wizard of Oz, which is the name of both the 1902 Broadway musical and the extremely popular, highly acclaimed 1939 film version. Thanks in part to the film it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated. Its initial success, and the success of the popular 1902 musical Baum adapted from his story, led to his writing and having published thirteen more Oz books.

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  • Ivanhoe
    Engraver: J. Cooper; Restoration: Adam Cuerden

    "Le Noir Faineant in the Hermit's Cell", an illustration from an 1886 edition of Sir Walter Scott's 1819 novel Ivanhoe. Here, we see Le Noir Faineant, or the Black Knight (Richard the Lionheart in disguise) with Friar Tuck. Scott was an early pioneer in the development of the modern novel, and largely created the genre of historical fiction by weaving together legends and characters into his own creations. Ivanhoe, the story of one of the remaining Saxon noble families at a time when the English nobility was overwhelmingly Norman, was greatly influential on the modern view of the English folk hero Robin Hood, and has inspired many adaptations around the world in theatre, opera, film, and television.

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  • Suikoden
    Woodblock artist: Utagawa Kuniyoshi

    This woodblock print, titled Kinhyōshi yōrin, hero of the Suikoden, is one of a series created by the Japanese artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi between 1827 and 1830 illustrating the 108 Suikoden ("Water Margin"). The publication of the series catapulted Kuniyoshi to fame. The story of the Suikoden is an adaptation of the Chinese Shuǐhǔ Zhuàn; during the 1800s, the publication of this woodblock series and other translations of the novel created a Suikoden craze in Japan. Following the great commercial success of the Kuniyoshi series, other ukiyo-e artists were commissioned to produce prints of the Suikoden heroes, which began to be shown as Japanese heroes rather than the original Chinese personages. The hero portrayed in this print is Yang Lin.

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  • Three Little Pigs
    Artist: Leonard Leslie Brooke; Restoration: Jujutacular

    The wolf blows down the straw house in a 1904 adaptation of Three Little Pigs, a fairy tale featuring anthropomorphic animals. Printed versions date back to the 1840s, but the story itself is thought to be much older. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890. The phrases used in the story, and the various morals which can be drawn from it, have become embedded in western culture. The story uses the literary rule of three, expressed in this case as a "contrasting three", as the third pig's brick house turns out to be the only one which is adequate to withstand the wolf.

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  • The Last of the Mohicans
    Illustration: Frank T. Merrill; restoration: Chris Woodrich

    An illustration from 1896 edition of James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans. Set during the French and Indian War, the novel details the transport of two young women to Fort William Henry. Among the caravan guarding the women are the frontiersman Natty Bumppo, the Major Duncan Heyward, and the Indians Chingachgook and Uncas. In this scene, Bumppo (disguised as a bear) fights against the novel's villain, Magua, as two of his compatriots look on.

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  • Auld Lang Syne
    Engraving: John Masey Wright (artist) and John Rogers (engraver); restoration: Adam Cuerden

    A mid-19th century illustration for "Auld Lang Syne", a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to a traditional melody. It is traditionally used in the English-speaking world to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve; this has led to the song being used to close other activities as well.

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  • Guy Mannering
    Artist: Norman Mills Price; Restoration: Adam Cuerden

    A scene from Chapter XXVII of Guy Mannering, a historical novel by Sir Walter Scott that was originally published anonymously in 1815. It is set in the 1760s to 1780s, mostly in the Galloway area of southwest Scotland. The eponymous character of Guy Mannering is actually only a minor character in the story, the plot being mostly concerned with Harry Bertram, the son of the Laird of Ellangowan, who is kidnapped at the age of five by smugglers. It follows the fortunes and adventures of Harry and his family in subsequent years, and the struggle over the inheritance of Ellangowan. The novel also depicts the lawlessness that existed at the time, when smugglers operated along the coast and thieves frequented the country roads. The book was a huge success, selling out the day after its first edition.

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  • Midas
    Artist: Walter Crane; Restoration: Lise Broer

    An illustration from an 1893 version of A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys by Nathaniel Hawthorne, which recounted the tale of King Midas. In Greek mythology, Midas was given ability to turn everything he touched into gold by the god Bacchus. However, he soon discovered that he was unable to even eat. Bacchus told him to wash in the river Pactolus, and the power flowed in the river, which was supposedly the reason for why the river was so rich in gold in later years. In Hawthorne's version, Midas' touch even turned his daughter to gold (pictured here).

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  • Caterpillar, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
    Artist: Sir John Tenniel

    Sir John Tenniel's illustration of the Caterpillar for Lewis Carroll's classic children's book, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The illustration is noted for its ambiguous central figure, which can be viewed as having either a human male's face with pointed nose and protruding lower lip or as the head end of an actual caterpillar, with the right three "true" legs visible. The small symbol in the lower left is composed of Tenniel's initials, which was how he signed most of his work for the book. The partially obscured word in the lower left-center is the last name of Edward Dalziel, the engraver of the piece.

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  • "Jabberwocky"
    Illustration: John Tenniel

    The Jabberwock, the titular creature of Lewis Carroll's nonsense poem "Jabberwocky". First included in Carroll's novel Through the Looking-Glass (1871), the poem was illustrated by John Tenniel, who gave the creature "the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod". "Jabberwocky" is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English, and has contributed such nonsense words and neologisms as galumphing and chortle to the English lexicon.

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  • The Princess and the Trolls
    Illustration: John Bauer

    The Princess and the Trolls, by John Bauer (1882–1918), was painted as an illustration for "The Changeling", a short story by Helena Nyblom. A watercolour held by the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, it was first published in the 1913 edition of the anthology Among Gnomes and Trolls. It shows the princess Bianca Maria between two trolls in a forest. Bauer's illustrations of fairy tales and children's stories made him a household name in his native Sweden, and shaped perceptions of many fairy tale characters.

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Sabías

  • ... que Heridas de Armenia , la primera novela armenia, se publicó 10 años después de la desaparición de su autor Khachatur Abovian ?
  • ... que James Nelson Barker s' juegan La princesa india es en gran parte responsable de la versión moderna de la Pocahontas historia?
  • ... ese actor Andrew Robinson escribió la novela A Stitch in Time , que trata sobre su personaje de Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ?
  • ... que la poesía de Picasso tiene versos como "entre los cardos brillan las pelotas de mi abuela" y que una de sus obras representa a Franco como un falo de botas altas ?
  • ... que la novela Pasando de Nella Larsen , con su enfoque en "los celos, la ambigüedad psicológica y la intriga" ha sido descrita como una "obra de arte duradera y hábilmente ejecutada"?

Hoy en la literatura

17 de abril

  • 1397 - Geoffrey Chaucer cuenta los Cuentos de Canterbury por primera vez en la corte de Ricardo II . Los eruditos de Chaucer también han identificado esta fecha (en 1387 ) como cuando comienza la peregrinación del libro a Canterbury .
  • 1586 - John Ford , dramaturgo inglés nacido
  • 1863 - Nace Constantine P. Cavafy , poeta griego
  • 1885 - Nace Isak Dinesen , autor danés
  • 1897 - Thornton Wilder , dramaturgo estadounidense nacido
  • 1928 - Cynthia Ozick , escritora estadounidense nacida
  • 1957 - Nick Hornby , autor inglés nacido
  • 1996 - Muere Piet Hein , científico y poeta danés
  • 2004 - Muere Edmond Pidoux , escritor suizo
  • 2014 - Muere Gabriel García Márquez , novelista colombiano
Archivo ( abril )

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