Los festivales de Reading y Leeds son un par de festivales de música anuales que tienen lugar en Reading y Leeds en Inglaterra. Los eventos tienen lugar simultáneamente el viernes, sábado y domingo del fin de semana festivo de agosto , compartiendo la misma factura. El Festival de Lectura se lleva a cabo en Little John's Farm en Richfield Avenue en el centro de Reading, cerca del Puente Caversham . El evento de Leeds se lleva a cabo en Bramham Park , cerca de Wetherby , los terrenos de una casa histórica. Los campamentos están disponibles en ambos sitios y los boletos de fin de semana incluyen el campamento. También se venden entradas diarias.
Festivales de Reading y Leeds | |
---|---|
Género | Alternativa, rock, metal, hip-hop, dance, pop |
fechas | Festivo de agosto |
Ubicación (es) | Reading y Leeds , Inglaterra |
Años activos | 1955-presente |
Asistencia | 105.000 (2019) |
Sitio web | www |
El Reading Festival, el más antiguo de los dos, es el festival de música popular más antiguo del mundo que aún existe. Muchas de las bandas más importantes del Reino Unido e internacionalmente han tocado en el festival durante cinco décadas. El festival ha tenido varias fases musicales a lo largo de los años, pero desde que se adoptó el formato actual de dos sitios en 1999, el rock, alternativo , indie , punk y metal han sido los principales géneros presentados en el cartel. Más recientemente, el hip hop ha comprendido una proporción cada vez mayor de la alineación, incluidos los titulares de artistas como Kendrick Lamar y Post Malone .
Los festivales están a cargo de Festival Republic , que fue despojado de Mean Fiddler Music Group. [1] De 1998 a 2007, los festivales se conocieron como Carling Weekend: Reading y Carling Weekend: Leeds con fines promocionales. En noviembre de 2007, el título patrocinado fue abolido después de nueve años y el Festival de Lectura recuperó su nombre original. [2] En 2011, la capacidad del sitio de Reading fue de 87,000, [3] y el sitio de Leeds fue de 75,000, [4] un aumento de varios miles en años anteriores. [5]
Historia
El Reading Festival se conocía originalmente como National Jazz Festival , que fue concebido por Harold Pendleton (fundador del Marquee Club en Londres en 1958) y se celebró por primera vez en Richmond Athletic Ground en 1961. A lo largo de la década de 1960, el festival se movió entre varios Londres y Los sitios de Home Counties, que se llevan a cabo en Windsor Racecourse , Kempton Park , Sunbury y Plumpton , antes de llegar a su hogar permanente en Reading en 1971. [6] Desde 1964, cuando el festival agregó una sesión de viernes por la noche al formato original de sábado y domingo, se ha escenificado durante tres días, con la única excepción de 1970 cuando se añadió un cuarto día, que va del jueves 6 al domingo 9 de agosto.
1960
El Festival de la Federación Nacional de Jazz (NJF) se estableció en el apogeo del boom del Trad Jazz , como sucesor del Festival de Jazz de Beaulieu , inicialmente como un evento de dos días celebrado en Richmond Athletic Ground . La formación de los dos primeros años estuvo compuesta exclusivamente por intérpretes de jazz, pero en 1963 se añadieron al cartel varios actos de rhythm & blues , incluidos los Rolling Stones , Georgie Fame y Long John Baldry , y en 1965, por ejemplo, los actos eran mayoritarios, con sesiones de jazz reducidas a sábados y domingos por la tarde únicamente. Este formato continuó hasta 1967 cuando el jazz se limitó a la sesión del sábado por la tarde. En 1969, el jazz había desaparecido por completo de la formación.
En 1964, se agregó una sesión de viernes por la noche al formato de fin de semana existente. En 1966, el Festival NJF se trasladó al hipódromo más grande de Windsor . Al año siguiente, se añadió una segunda etapa (Marquee Stage), pero cuando el festival se trasladó a Sunbury en 1968 volvió a tener un formato de una sola etapa. El festival se llevó a cabo en Plumpton Racecourse en 1969 y 1970.
1970
Después de mudarse a Reading, la programación del festival se compuso principalmente de rock progresivo , blues y hard rock a principios y mediados de la década de 1970, [7] y luego se convirtió en el primer festival de música en incorporar punk rock y new wave a fines de la década de 1970. , cuando The Jam , Sham 69 y The Stranglers estaban entre los actos principales. [8] Los intentos del festival de atender tanto a los grupos de rock tradicionales como a las bandas de punk y new wave ocasionalmente llevaron a enfrentamientos entre los dos grupos de fanáticos a fines de la década de 1970, aunque el festival gradualmente se hizo conocido por centrarse en actos de heavy metal y rock. . [9]
Decenio de 1980
Durante la década de 1980, el festival siguió un formato similar al establecido a finales de la década de 1970, con los principales actos de rock y heavy metal actuando en los dos últimos días, y un cartel más variado que incluía bandas de punk y new wave el día de la inauguración.
Prohibición del consejo
En 1984 y 1985, el consejo local administrado por los conservadores prohibió efectivamente el festival al designar el sitio del festival para su desarrollo y al negarse a otorgar licencias para cualquier sitio alternativo en el área de Reading.
En 1984, muchos actos ya estaban reservados y las entradas estaban a la venta, con Marillion como titular. Los promotores intentaron en vano encontrar un nuevo sitio, pero fracasó una propuesta de mudanza a Lilford Hall en Northamptonshire. La formación propuesta se publicó en Soundcheck , número 12 del documento de música gratuita: Viernes 24 de agosto: Hawkwind , Boomtown Rats , Snowy White , The Playn Jayn, Dumpy's Rusty Nuts , Wildfire, Chelsea Eloy, Tracy Lamb, New Torpedoes; Sábado 25 - Jethro Tull , Hanoi Rocks , Steve Hackett , Club Karlsson, Nazareth , Duodécima noche , Thor , Silent Running , New Model Army , IQ , The Roaring Boys, Ella ; Domingo 26 - Marillion , Grand Slam , The Bluebells , Helix , Clannad , The Opposition , The Enid , Young Blood, Scorched Earth y Terraplane ).
Después de que Labor recuperó el control del consejo en 1986, se otorgó permiso para que se usaran los campos adyacentes al sitio original del festival, y se armó una alineación con tres meses de anticipación. [10]
El año siguiente vio una asistencia récord, encabezada por The Mission , Alice Cooper y Status Quo .
Depresión de finales de los 80 / principios de los 90
1988 vio un intento de llevar el festival en una dirección pop comercial convencional, [11] con actos como Starship , Squeeze , Hothouse Flowers , Bonnie Tyler y Meat Loaf (quien fue embotellado fuera del escenario), [12] y las disputas posteriores llevaron a la destitución del promotor original del festival Harold Pendleton por la organización Mean Fiddler Music Group . [13]
Pendleton intentó trasladar el festival a un nuevo sitio cerca de Newbury con el nombre de "Festival de Redding", pero los nuevos promotores del festival original amenazaron con emprender acciones legales y el consejo del distrito de Newbury se mostró reacio a emitir una licencia para la propuesta. El recinto de Newbury Showground bloqueó los planes de Pendleton. Mientras tanto, el Festival de lectura oficial, ahora administrado por Mean Fiddler, continuó en el sitio del lado del Támesis en Reading, con una política de música predominantemente gótica e indie que alienó a gran parte de la base de fanáticos tradicionales y vio cómo la asistencia se desplomaba.
Attendances continued to fall between 1989 and 1991, but began to recover from 1992, when new organisers took over from the Mean Fiddler group, broadening the festival's musical policy.
1990s
In 1991, Nirvana made the first of their two appearances at Reading, midway down the bill. The following year they played what would be their last UK concert, which was released as a live album/DVD Live at Reading in November 2009. The band's singer Kurt Cobain came onstage in a wheelchair pushed by music journalist Everett True and wearing a medical gown, parodying speculations about his mental health.[14]
Festival expansion
By the mid-1990s, the festival had begun to regain its former status as the popularity of UK outdoor festivals increased. Britpop and indie began to appear on the bill alongside the traditional rock and metal acts, and rap acts such as Ice Cube began to appear regularly on the main stage, to mixed receptions. Public Enemy headlined the second day of the 1992 festival. Beastie Boys were about halfway down the bill for day three.
In 1996, The Stone Roses played the last gig before their break-up at the festival.[15]
In 1998, the Reading Festival absorbed the failed Phoenix Festival, resulting in an on-stage dispute between Beastie Boys and The Prodigy over the song "Smack My Bitch Up".[7]
In 1999, the festival added a second venue at Temple Newsam in Leeds,[16] the site of V Festival in 1997 and 1998, due to increasing demand.[17] In the first year, all bands performed at the Leeds site the day after they played Reading, with the Reading Festival running from Friday to Sunday and the Leeds Festival running from Saturday to Monday. However, in 2001, the festival moved to the current format, wherein the Reading line-up plays at Leeds the following day, with the opening day line-up from Leeds playing the final day in Reading (with the exceptions of 2009 and 2010 when the bands playing Leeds played Reading the following day, and the bands on the opening day of Reading closed Leeds).
2000s
After a successful first year in Leeds, the increasing popularity of outdoor music festivals led to the Reading Festival selling out quicker every year. However, the Leeds Festival was plagued by riots and violence, which led to problems in retaining its licence.[18] The worst incidents occurred in 2002, following which the festival was moved to Bramham Park north-east of Leeds.[19] Since then, security at both sites has increased and problems have been reduced.[20]
The early 2000s saw a varied but predominantly rock line-up, though as the decade progressed the Main Stage and Radio 1 Stage featured many indie bands.
Despite being predominantly a rock festival, several hip-hop artists have appeared at the festival over the years, including Cypress Hill, Ice Cube, Beastie Boys, Eminem, Xzibit, Jay-Z, 50 Cent, Dizzee Rascal, and The Streets.
In 2005, the main stages at both Reading and Leeds were made larger, featuring cantilevered video screens. The same year the Reading Fringe Festival was established in Reading, with venues in the town hosting acts hoping to draw crowds and industry figures from the larger festival. The Reading Fringe has run annually since then.
Banning of flags and banners
Flags were banned from both festival sites in 2009, with the organisers citing health and safety concerns.[21] Flags and banners had been a traditional part of the Reading Festival since the early 1970s, originally used to enable motorcycle groups and others to identify themselves and find each other inside the main arena.
2010s
Reading Festival continued to expand through the early 2010s, with a new record capacity of 105,000 recorded in 2019.[22] In the same year, 200 artists played at both festivals.[23]
The festival typically has the following stages:[24]
- Main Stage – major rock, indie, metal and alternative acts.
- NME/Radio 1 stage – less well-known acts, building up to an alternative headline act.
- Dance tent – dance music acts, previously sharing a day with the Lock Up stage, now a stand-alone 3-day stage.
- Lock Up Stage (Can be known as Pit Stage) – underground punk and hardcore acts.[25] Due to demand, from 2006 this stage took up two days rather than previous years where it was only one day.
- Festival Republic stage – acts with less popular appeal and breakthrough acts.
- 1Xtra Stage – new stage for 2013 that stages Hip-Hop, RnB and Rap artists.
- Alternative tent – comedy and cabaret acts plus DJs.[26]
- BBC Introducing Stage – Typically unsigned/not well known acts. (Formerly known as the Topman Unsigned Stage at the Leeds site).
2020s
On 12 May 2020 it was announced that the year's festivals were cancelled due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.[27] The festivals were due to host Rage Against the Machine's first UK show in 10 years, along with Stormzy and Liam Gallagher's first appearances as headliners. The 2021 festival will include two main stages with six headliners, among them Stormzy and Liam Gallagher from the previous year's line up.[28]
Lista de cabezas de cartel
- 2021: Liam Gallagher, Queens of the Stone Age, Stormzy, Catfish and the Bottlemen, Post Malone, Disclosure[28]
- 2020 (cancelled): Liam Gallagher, Rage Against the Machine, Stormzy[29]
- 2019: The 1975, Foo Fighters, Post Malone/Twenty One Pilots (Co-headline)[30]
- 2018: Fall Out Boy, Kendrick Lamar/Panic! At The Disco (Co-headline), Kings Of Leon[31]
- 2017: Eminem, Muse, Kasabian[32]
- 2016: Foals/Disclosure (Co-headline), Red Hot Chili Peppers, Biffy Clyro[33]
- 2015: Mumford & Sons, Metallica, The Libertines[34]
- 2014: Queens of the Stone Age/Paramore (Co-headline), Arctic Monkeys, Blink-182[35]
- 2013: Green Day, Eminem, Biffy Clyro[36]
- 2012: The Cure, Kasabian, Foo Fighters[37]
- 2011: My Chemical Romance, The Strokes/Pulp (Co-headline), Muse[38]
- 2010: Guns N' Roses, Arcade Fire, Blink-182[39]
- 2009: Kings of Leon, Arctic Monkeys, Radiohead[40]
- 2008: Rage Against the Machine, The Killers, Metallica
- 2007: Razorlight, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Smashing Pumpkins
- 2006: Franz Ferdinand, Muse, Pearl Jam
- 2005: Pixies, Foo Fighters, Iron Maiden
- 2004: The Darkness, The White Stripes, Green Day
- 2003: Linkin Park, Blur, Metallica
- 2002: The Strokes, Foo Fighters, Guns N' Roses (Leeds), The Prodigy
- 2001: Travis, Manic Street Preachers, Eminem
- 2000: Oasis, Pulp, Stereophonics
- 1999: The Charlatans, Blur, Red Hot Chili Peppers
- 1998: Jimmy Page & Robert Plant, Beastie Boys, Garbage[41]
- 1997: Suede, Manic Street Preachers, Metallica
- 1996: The Prodigy, Black Grape, The Stone Roses
- 1995: Smashing Pumpkins, Björk, Neil Young
- 1994: Cypress Hill, Primal Scream, Red Hot Chili Peppers
- 1993: Porno For Pyros, The The, New Order
- 1992: Nirvana, The Wonder Stuff, Public Enemy
- 1991: Iggy Pop, James, The Sisters of Mercy
- 1990: The Cramps, Inspiral Carpets, Pixies
- 1989: New Order, The Pogues, The Mission
- 1988: Ramones, Starship, Squeeze
- 1987: The Mission, Status Quo, Alice Cooper
- 1986: Killing Joke, Saxon, Hawkwind
- 1985: No festival held
- 1984 (cancelled): Hawkwind, Jethro Tull, Marillion
- 1983: The Stranglers, Black Sabbath, Thin Lizzy
- 1982: Budgie, Iron Maiden, The Michael Schenker Group
- 1981: Girlschool, Gillan, The Kinks
- 1980: Rory Gallagher, UFO, Whitesnake
- 1979: The Police, Scorpions (replacing Thin Lizzy), Peter Gabriel
- 1978: The Jam, Status Quo, Patti Smith
- 1977: Golden Earring, Thin Lizzy, Alex Harvey
- 1976: Gong, Rory Gallagher, Osibisa
- 1975: Hawkwind, Yes, Wishbone Ash, Supertramp
- 1974: The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, Traffic, Focus
- 1973: Rory Gallagher, Faces, Genesis
- 1972: Curved Air, Faces, Quintessence
- 1971: Arthur Brown, East of Eden, Colosseum
- 1970: Family, Taste, Deep Purple
- 1969: Pink Floyd, The Who, The Nice
- 1968: The Herd, The Nice, Traffic
- 1967: Small Faces, The Nice, Cream
- 1966: Small Faces, The Who, Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames
- 1965: The Yardbirds, Manfred Mann, The Animals
- 1964: The Rolling Stones, Chris Barber Band, Kenny Ball and His Jazzmen
- 1963: Chris Barber's Jazz Band, Acker Bilk's Paramount Jazz Band
- 1962: Chris Barber's Jazz Band, Kenny Ball's Jazzmen
- 1961: Chris Barber's Jazz Band, Ken Colyer's Jazzmen
Incidencias de embotellado
Bottling acts off stage (being forced off stage by a barrage of audience-thrown bottles and cans) is a frequent occurrence at the festival.[42] During the 1970s and 1980s, there were often mass-participation can and bottle fights, and unpopular bands have been bottled offstage throughout the festival's history since the first large-scale "cannings" of 1973 and 1974.[43] Examples include:
- Punk band The Hellions, featuring ex-Damned guitarist Brian James, were booked on an otherwise 100% heavy metal line-up on the Friday of the 1980 Festival and left the stage in less than a minute following an assault of cans, bottles and pork pies. "I Canned The Hellions at Reading" T-shirts were on sale at souvenir stands within the hour.[44]
- In 1983, reggae act Steel Pulse left within moments of arriving on stage under an avalanche of missiles launched by punks and rockers waiting to see The Stranglers.
- John Waite and the No Brakes Band quit the stage on the Saturday of the 1986 festival when their drummer was hit in the head by a 12" vinyl disc.[citation needed]
- In 1988, Bonnie Tyler completed her set despite being pelted with bottles and turf. The same day's headliner Meat Loaf left 20 minutes into his set after being hit by a full two-litre cider bottle. After an initially positive reception Meat Loaf angered the audience by berating them for their treatment of his friend Bonnie Tyler earlier in the day, then stormed off stage when met with a volley of burgers and bottles. He eventually returned shouting "Do you wanna rock 'n' roll or do you wanna throw stuff?" Ten seconds later the cider bottle struck him in the face, at which point he left the stage permanently.[citation needed]
- In 2000, Daphne and Celeste were scheduled on the main stage for a short two song set and were bottled throughout.[45]
- In 2003, Good Charlotte stopped their set 20 minutes short and encouraged the crowd to throw bottles all at the same time after a count of three after being pelted by bottles throughout their set.[46]
- In 2004, 50 Cent was pelted with bottles, mud and an inflatable paddling pool during his set.[47] 50 Cent was on stage for just under 20 minutes before throwing his microphone into the crowd in anger. The Rasmus were also bottled off after one song.[48]
- In 2006 at Reading, Panic! at the Disco lead singer Brendon Urie was struck in the face with a plastic bottle and fell unconscious, forcing the rest of the band to stop mid-song as he lay on the floor. Urie received medical treatment from his road crew for several minutes before regaining consciousness, and the band subsequently continued the song from the point at which it was interrupted.[49] The same year, My Chemical Romance were heckled by a small group of angry audience members. Lead singer Gerard Way encouraged the crowd to throw bottles at them instead, and the band were pelted with golf balls and bottles of urine, among other items.[citation needed]
- In 2008, a crowd of approximately 3,000 people attended the "BBC Introducing" Stage at Reading to see unsigned band 'The FF'ers' following rumours that it would actually be a secret Foo Fighters gig, and the band were subjected to a large amount of abuse from the audience, including several bottles launched at the band.[50]
- In 2016, Tyler Joseph of Twenty One Pilots was attacked and robbed as he attempted to crowd-surf in the Radio One Tent. Reacting unfavourably to his behaviour, the hostile audience threw him to the ground, ripped off various items of his clothing and stole his ski-mask. Joseph was eventually rescued by security guards, who carried him to an elevated platform where he announced that the band's set was over.[51]
Ver también
- List of historic rock festivals
- Love Not Riots
- Reading and Leeds Festivals line-ups
- List of music festivals in the United Kingdom
- Workers Beer Company, Workers Beer Company
Referencias
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Otras lecturas
- Carroll, Ian (2007). The Reading Festival: Music, Mud and Mayhem – The Official History. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905287-43-7.
enlaces externos
- Reading Festival official website
- Leeds Festival official website
- Reading & Leeds at the BBC
- Reading Festival official ticket agent
- Leeds Festival official ticket agent