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| Prefectura de Tochigi 栃 木 県 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcripción (es) japonesa (s) | |||||||||||||
| • japonés | 栃 木 県 | ||||||||||||
| • Rōmaji | Tochigi-ken | ||||||||||||
 Bandera  Símbolo | |||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||
| País | Japón | ||||||||||||
| Región | Kantō | ||||||||||||
| isla | Honshu | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Utsunomiya | ||||||||||||
| Subdivisiones | Distritos : 5, Municipios : 26 | ||||||||||||
| Gobierno | |||||||||||||
| • Gobernador | Tomikazu Fukuda | ||||||||||||
| Área | |||||||||||||
| • Total | 6.408,09 km 2 (2.474,18 millas cuadradas) | ||||||||||||
| Rango de área | Vigésimo | ||||||||||||
| Población (1 de junio de 2019) | |||||||||||||
| • Total | 1,943,886 | ||||||||||||
| • Rango | 19 | ||||||||||||
| • Densidad | 300 / km 2 (790 / millas cuadradas) | ||||||||||||
| Código ISO 3166 | JP-09 | ||||||||||||
| Sitio web | www | ||||||||||||
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La prefectura de Tochigi (栃 木 県, Tochigi-ken ) es una prefectura de Japón ubicada en la región de Kantō de Honshu . [1] La prefectura de Tochigi tiene una población de 1.943.886 (1 de junio de 2019) y tiene un área geográfica de 6.408 km 2 (2.474 millas cuadradas ). La prefectura de Tochigi limita con la prefectura de Fukushima al norte, la prefectura de Gunma al oeste, la prefectura de Saitama al sur y la prefectura de Ibaraki al sureste.
Utsunomiya es la capital y ciudad más grande de la prefectura de Tochigi, con otras ciudades importantes como Oyama , Tochigi y Ashikaga . [2] La prefectura de Tochigi es una de las ocho prefecturas sin salida al mar y su región montañosa del norte es una región turística popular en Japón. El área de Nasu es conocida por sus onsens , sake local y estaciones de esquí, la villa de la Familia Imperial y la estación Nasushiobara de la línea ferroviaria Shinkansen . La ciudad de Nikkō , con sus antiguos santuarios Shintōy templos budistas , es un sitio del patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO . [3]
Ciudad Ciudad
Descripción general de la prefectura [ editar ]
Situada entre las prefecturas del interior de la parte norte de la región de Kantō, Tochigi es contigua a las prefecturas de Ibaraki, Gunma, Saitama y Fukushima.
El clima de Tochigi puede clasificarse como una zona templada húmeda con amplias variaciones de temperatura. Los inviernos son áridos con vientos secos, mientras que los veranos son húmedos con frecuentes tormentas eléctricas.
La población de Tochigi en noviembre de 2010 es de aproximadamente 2.005.096.
Situada en el centro de la prefectura, se encuentra la llanura abierta más grande de la región de Kantō. Las montañas Shirane (2.578 metros (8.458 pies)), Nantai (2.484 metros (8.150 pies)) y Nasudake (1.917 metros (6.289 pies)) se encuentran en la parte norte del área. Kinugawa, Nakagawa y el río Watarase se originan en esta región, que atraviesa la llanura de Kanto antes de desembocar en el Océano Pacífico. Tochigi es la vigésima prefectura más grande de Japón con una superficie total de 6.408,09 kilómetros cuadrados.
Al 1 de abril de 2012, el 21% de la superficie terrestre total de la prefectura se designó como Parques Naturales , a saber, el Parque Nacional Nikkō , el Parque Nacional Oze y ocho Parques Naturales de la Prefectura. [4]
Historia [ editar ]
Antes de la Restauración Meiji , Tochigi era conocida como la provincia de Shimotsuke . [5]
A principios del siglo XV , se restableció Ashikaga Gakkō , la escuela de educación superior más antigua de Japón, con más de 3.000 estudiantes en el siglo XVI. San Francisco Javier presentó Ashikaga al mundo como la mejor universidad de Japón.
In the early 17th century, Japan was unified by the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. After his death, Tōshō-gū shrine was built in Nikkō on what the shōguns thought of as holy ground to protect and worship Ieyasu. The establishment of the Nikkō Tōshō-gū in 1617 brought Nikkō to national attention.[citation needed] The Tokugawa shogunate developed the Nikkō Kaidō (日光街道, part of the major road connecting Nikkō with Edo) and required lavish processions to worship Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa line of shōguns.
A finales del siglo XIX, cayó el shogunato Tokugawa y el nuevo gobierno estableció las prefecturas . La capital de la prefectura se estableció en la ciudad de Tochigi después de la unificación de la prefectura de Utsunomiya y la prefectura de Tochigi en 1873. [6] En 1884, sin embargo, la capital fue transferida a Utsunomiya.
En marzo de 2011, tras el desastre nuclear de Fukushima Daiichi , los niveles de radiactividad en Utsunomiya fueron 33 veces más altos de lo normal. [7]
Geografía [ editar ]
The chief city of Utsunomiya is famous for its many gyoza specialist shops. Also located in Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture has one of the largest shopping malls in the North Kantō region, Bell Mall.
Cities[edit]
Fourteen cities are located in Tochigi Prefecture:
- Ashikaga
- Kanuma
- Mooka
- Nasukarasuyama
- Nasushiobara
- Nikkō
- Ōtawara
- Oyama
- Sakura
- Sano
- Shimotsuke
- Tochigi
- Utsunomiya (capital)
- Yaita
Towns[edit]
These are the towns in each district:
- Haga District
- Haga
- Ichikai
- Mashiko
- Motegi
- Kawachi District
- Kaminokawa
- Nasu District
- Nakagawa
- Nasu
- Shimotsuga District
- Mibu
- Nogi
- Shioya District
- Shioya
- Takanezawa
Mergers[edit]
List of Governor of Tochigi Prefecture (from 1947)[edit]
| № | Governor (Birth–Death) | Term of office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37-38 | Jyukichi Kodaira (小平重吉) (1886–1960) | 12 April, 1947 | 4 February, 1955 |
| 39 | Kichi Ogawa (小川喜一) (1904–1979) | 5 February, 1955 | 4 February, 1959 |
| 40-43 | Nobuo Yokokawa (横川信夫) (1901–1975) | 5 February, 1959 | 7 December, 1974 |
| 44-46 | Yuzuru Funada (船田譲) (1923-1985) | 8 December, 1974 | 8 December, 1984 |
| 47-50 | Fumio Watanabe (渡辺文雄) (1929-) | 9 December, 1984 | 8 December, 2000 |
| 51 | Akio Fukuda (福田昭夫) (1948-) | 9 December, 2000 | 8 December, 2004 |
| 52-55 | Tomikazu Fukuda (福田富一) (1953-) | 9 December, 2004 | Present |
Industry and agriculture[edit]
Located close to Tōkyō, Tochigi is home to many corporations and industrial zones, including the Kiyohara Industrial Complex, one of the largest inland industrial complexes in the country.
Industrial manufacturing accounts for 36.6% of the prefecture's total output. Vehicle parts and accessories are the primary products, followed by vehicles, radios and televisions, pharmaceuticals, and wireless communication equipment.
Below are goods manufactured in Tochigi with the highest market share in Japan:
| Product | Share |
|---|---|
| Camera lenses | 71.3% |
| X-ray equipment for medical use | 54.5% |
| Machinery and appliances for dental use | 23.5% |
| X-ray equipment parts | 57.5% |
| Injection molded plastic parts | 14.1% |
(The 2004 industrial analysis report published by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
The annual gross agricultural output in Tochigi is about 274 billion yen. Rice, vegetables, and livestock are produced in the region. Tochigi is also known for strawberries, Chinese chives, and Japanese pears sold throughout Japan and exported to other countries. Approximately 55% of Tochigi is covered by forests. Mushrooms, such as Shiitake mushrooms, make up half of the forest industry, with an output of approximately 5.6 billion yen.
Education[edit]
Tochigi is home to many universities and colleges including those for science and technology, literature, medicine, education, and art. Below is an alphabetical list of some of the universities located in Tochigi.
- Ashikaga Institute of Technology
- Bunsei University of Art, Utsunomiya
- Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu
- Hakuoh University, Oyama
- International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke
- Oyama National College of Technology
- Sakushin Gakuin University, Utsunomiya
- Sano College
- Teikyo University, Utsunomiya
- Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (Central), Utsunomiya
- Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (North), Nasu
- Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (South), Ashikaga
- Utsunomiya Kyowa University, Utsunomiya and Nasushiobara
- Utsunomiya University
People[edit]
Sports[edit]
The sports teams and events listed below are based in Tochigi.
Football (Soccer)[edit]
- Tochigi S.C. (Utsunomiya)
Ice hockey[edit]
- Nikkō Ice Bucks (Nikkō)
Basketball[edit]
- Utsunomiya Brex
Motorsport[edit]
- Twin Ring Motegi circuit
- Nikkō Circuit
Cycling[edit]
Tour de Tochigi, a cat 2.2 3-day road race of the UCI Asia Tour
Tourism[edit]
Nikkō National Park is famous for its UNESCO World Heritage Site which was registered as the 10th World Heritage Site in 1999. This encompasses Rinnō-ji, Nikkō Tōshō-gū, Mount Nantai, and Futarasan Shrine. The Kegon Falls, also in Nikkō, is popular with tourists. To travel between the city and the falls, automobiles and buses take the Irohazaka, a road with dozens of switchbacks. In addition, 400-year-old Japanese Cedars (about 13,000 in total) line the famous Cedar Avenue of Nikkō for roughly 35 km, making it the longest tree-lined avenue in the world.[8]
A more recent and modern attraction is the Twin Ring Motegi Circuit race course, which hosts the only IndyCar race outside the United States. The track also hosts many other race events including Formula One and motorcycle races as well as festivals and fireworks events.
Tochigi has many traditional festivals and events such as Nikkō Tōshō-gū's 1000 Samurai Procession and Horseback Archery Festival, and the city of Tochigi's Autumn Festival where doll floats are pulled around the city once every five years.
Other attractions include:
- Nikkō Tōshō-gū
- Rinnō-ji
- Futarasan Shrine
- Kegon Falls
- Lake Chūzenji
- Kirifuri Falls
- Mashiko
- Shiobara Hot Spring
- Nasu resort area
- Kinugawa (hot spring)
- Edo Wonderland Nikko Edomura
- Cannabis Museum
Transportation and access[edit]
Roads[edit]
Traversing the prefecture along the north-south axis and connecting to the rest of the country are the Tōhoku Expressway and the new and old Route 4. From east to west spans Route 50, connecting southern Tochigi with Ibaraki and Gunma Prefectures.
Also connecting Tochigi, Gunma, and Ibaraki is the Kita-Kantō Expressway, with the 18.5 km that connect the Tochigi-Tsuga Interchange and the Utsunomiya-Kaminokawa Interchange. Portions of the Kita-Kantō Expressway are still being constructed and is set to be fully completed by 2011. The highway will link the region's other main transport arteries, the Tōhoku, the Jōban and the Kan-Etsu Expressways, providing a link to the international port of Hitachinaka in Ibaraki.
Rail[edit]
The Tōhoku Shinkansen and the JR Utsunomiya Line are the main railways running north and south in Tochigi. Shinkansen runs from Tokyo Station to Oyama in south Tochigi in 43 minutes. Utsunomiya can be reached by rail in as little as 48 minutes, and many parts of Tochigi are within commuting range of central Tokyo. To the east and west, the Mito and Ryōmō Lines connect Tochigi to Ibaraki and Gunma.
Freight is served by the Utsunomiya Freight Terminal.
- East Japan Railway Company
- Tōhoku Shinkansen
- Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
- Utsunomiya Line (Tōhoku Main Line)
- Nikkō Line
- Ryōmō Line
- Mito Line
- Karasuyama Line
- Tobu
- Isesaki Line
- Nikkō Line
- Kinugawa Line
- Utsunomiya Line
- Sano Line
- Mooka Railway
- Yagan Railway
- Watarase Keikoku Line
Air travel[edit]
Fukushima Airport is approximately an hour's drive from Utsunomiya on the Tōhoku Expressway. International and national air transportation is through Narita International Airport to the east of Tokyo, approximately three hours by vehicle from Utsunomiya.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tochigi prefecture" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 967, p. 967, at Google Books; "Kantō" in p. 479, p. 479, at Google Books.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Utsunomiya" at p. 1019, p. 1019, at Google Books.
- ^ "World Heritage Committee: Report of the 23rd Session, Marrakesh 1999". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. 1 April 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books.
- ^ "Tochigi Prefecture / History". Tochigi Prefecture. Tochigi Prefectural Office. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ "Nuclear Radiation Levels and Effect on Human Health as Sieverts increase in Japan – What you need to Know - Green World Investor". greenworldinvestor.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ Gardening World Records Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2 November 2008.
References[edit]
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tochigi prefecture. |
- Tochigi Prefecture Official Website (in Japanese)
- Tochigi International Association Website (in English)
- Tochigi travel guide from Wikivoyage
Coordinates: 36°31′N 139°49′E / 36.517°N 139.817°E / 36.517; 139.817
