Würzburg ( alemán: [ˈvʏʁtsbʊʁk] ( escuchar ) ; Main-Franconian : Wörtzburch ; bávaro : Wiazbuag o Woizbuag ) es una ciudad en la región tradicional de Franconia en el norte del estado alemán de Baviera . En el siguiente nivel del gobierno local, es la sede administrativa de la Baja Franconia . Se extiende por las orillas del Main .
Würzburg Wörtzburch ( Mainfränkisch ) | |
---|---|
En el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde arriba: Fortaleza de Marienberg y Puente Viejo - el principal con un puente más nuevo - el casco antiguo con catedral, plaza estrecha y ayuntamiento - la Residencia inspirada en el Palacio de Versalles en París | |
Bandera Escudo de armas | |
Würzburg | |
Coordenadas: 49 ° 47′N 9 ° 56′E / 49.783 ° N 9.933 ° ECoordenadas : 49 ° 47'N 9 ° 56'E / 49.783 ° N 9.933 ° E | |
País | Alemania |
Expresar | Baviera |
Administración. región | Baja Franconia |
Distrito | Distrito urbano |
Gobierno | |
• Alcalde | Christian Schuchardt ( CDU ) |
Área | |
• Total | 87,63 km 2 (33,83 millas cuadradas) |
Elevación | 177 m (581 pies) |
Población (31/12/2019) [1] | |
• Total | 127,934 |
• Densidad | 1,500 / km 2 (3,800 / millas cuadradas) |
Zona horaria | UTC + 01: 00 ( CET ) |
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC + 02: 00 ( CEST ) |
códigos postales | 97070–97084 |
Códigos de marcación | 0931 |
Registro de Vehículo | WÜ |
Würzburg está a unos 120 kilómetros (75 millas) de Frankfurt am Main , al oeste y Nuremberg ( Nürnberg ), al este. La ciudad tiene alrededor de 130.000 habitantes. [2]
El dialecto regional es el de Franconia Oriental .
La ciudad está fuera del Landkreis Würzburg ( distrito de Würzburg ) pero tiene su centro administrativo.
Historia
Historia temprana y medieval
Un castillo refugio de la Edad de Bronce ( cultura Urnfield ) , el Celtic Segodunum , [3] y más tarde una fortaleza romana, se alzaba en la colina conocida como Leistenberg, [4] el sitio de la actual Fortaleza Marienberg . El antiguo territorio celta fue colonizado por los alamanes en el siglo IV o V, y por los francos en el siglo VI al VII. Würzburg fue la sede de un duque merovingio desde aproximadamente 650. Fue cristianizada en 686 por los misioneros irlandeses Kilian , Kolonat y Totnan . La ciudad se menciona en una donación del duque Hedan II al obispo Willibrord , fechada el 1 de mayo de 704, en el castellum Virteburch . La Cosmografía de Ravenna enumera la ciudad como Uburzis aproximadamente al mismo tiempo. [5] El nombre es presumiblemente de origen celta , pero basado en una conexión etimológica popular con la palabra alemana Würze "hierba, especia", el nombre fue latinizado como Herbipolis en el período medieval. [6]
A partir de 1237, el sello de la ciudad representaba la catedral y un retrato de San Kilian, con la inscripción SIGILLVM CIVITATIS HERBIPOLENSIS . Muestra un estandarte sobre una lanza inclinada, antiguamente en un campo azul, con el estandarte trimestral argent y gules (1532), más tarde o y gules (1550). Este escudo de armas reemplazó al antiguo sello de la ciudad, que muestra a Saint Kilian, de 1570. [7]
La primera diócesis fue fundada por San Bonifacio en 742 cuando nombró al primer obispo de Würzburg , San Burkhard . Los obispos finalmente crearon un feudo secular, que se extendió en el siglo XII hasta el este de Franconia . La ciudad fue sede de varias Dietas Imperiales , incluida la de 1180, en la que Enrique el León , duque de Sajonia y Baviera, fue expulsado del Imperio durante tres años [4] y su ducado Baviera fue entregado a Otto de Wittelsbach. . Las masacres de judíos tuvieron lugar en 1147 y 1298.
La primera iglesia en el sitio de la actual catedral de Würzburg fue construida ya en 788 y consagrada ese mismo año por Carlomagno ; el edificio actual fue construido entre 1040 y 1225 en estilo románico . La Universidad de Würzburg fue fundada en 1402 y refundada en 1582. Los ciudadanos de la ciudad se rebelaron varias veces contra el príncipe-obispo.
En 1397, el rey Wenceslao IV de Bohemia visitó la ciudad y prometió a su gente el estatus de Ciudad Imperial libre . Sin embargo, los príncipes gobernantes alemanes lo obligaron a retirar estas promesas. En 1400, la ciudadanía fue derrotada decisivamente por las tropas del obispo en la batalla de Bergtheim 41
, y la ciudad cayó bajo su control de forma permanente hasta la disolución del feudo. [8] :Historia moderna
Los juicios de brujas de Würzburg , que ocurrieron entre 1626 y 1631, son uno de los juicios masivos más grandes en tiempos de paz. En Würzburg, bajo el obispo Philip Adolf, se quemó un número estimado entre 600 y 900 supuestas brujas. [9] En 1631, el rey sueco Gustaf Adolf invadió la ciudad y saqueó el castillo.
En 1720, se colocaron los cimientos de la Residencia de Würzburg . En 1796, tuvo lugar la Batalla de Würzburg entre los Habsburgo Austria y la Primera República Francesa . La ciudad pasó al Electorado de Baviera en 1803, pero dos años más tarde, en el transcurso de las Guerras Napoleónicas , se convirtió en la sede del Electorado de Würzburg (hasta septiembre de 1806), el más tarde Gran Ducado de Würzburg . En 1814, la ciudad pasó a formar parte del Reino de Baviera y siete años después se creó un nuevo obispado , ya que el anterior se había secularizado en 1803 (véase también Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ).
En 1817, Friedrich Koenig y Andreas Bauer fundaron Schnellpressenfabrik Koenig & Bauer (el primer fabricante de prensas de impresión a vapor del mundo).
Los disturbios de Hep-Hep de agosto a octubre de 1819 fueron pogromos contra los judíos asquenazíes, comenzando en el Reino de Baviera, durante el período de emancipación judía en la Confederación Alemana. La violencia comunal antisemita comenzó el 2 de agosto de 1819 en Würzburg y pronto alcanzó las regiones exteriores de la Confederación Alemana. Muchos judíos fueron asesinados y muchas propiedades judías fueron destruidas.
En 1848, los obispos católicos celebraron la Conferencia Episcopal de Würzburg , precursora de las conferencias alemanas y austríacas posteriores. Por distinción, la Conferencia de Würzburg es un nombre dado a la reunión de representantes de los estados alemanes más pequeños en 1859 para idear algunos medios de apoyo mutuo. La conferencia, sin embargo, no tuvo ningún resultado. Würzburg fue bombardeada y tomada por los prusianos en 1866, año en el que dejó de ser una fortaleza. [4]
A principios de la década de 1930, alrededor de 2.000 judíos habían vivido en Würzburg, que también era un centro rabínico. Durante la Kristallnacht , en 1938, muchas casas y tiendas judías fueron asaltadas, saqueadas o destruidas. [10] El contenido de dos sinagogas fue robado o destruido. [10] Muchos judíos fueron encarcelados y torturados por la Gestapo . [10] Entre noviembre de 1941 y junio de 1943, los judíos de la ciudad fueron enviados a los campos de concentración nazis en Europa del Este. [11]
Desde abril de 1943 hasta marzo de 1945 se ubicó en la ciudad un subcampo del campo de concentración de Flossenbürg , con decenas de prisioneros, en su mayoría de Polonia y la Unión Soviética . [12]
El 16 de marzo de 1945, aproximadamente el 90% de la ciudad fue destruida en 17 minutos por los bombardeos de 225 bombarderos británicos Lancaster durante un ataque aéreo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial . Würzburg se convirtió en un objetivo por su papel como centro de tráfico y por romper el espíritu de la población. [8] : 19
Todas las iglesias, catedrales y otros monumentos de la ciudad resultaron gravemente dañados o destruidos. El centro de la ciudad, que en su mayoría data de la época medieval, fue totalmente destruido en una tormenta de fuego en la que murieron 5.000 personas.
Durante los siguientes 20 años, los edificios de importancia histórica fueron reconstruidos minuciosamente y con precisión. Los ciudadanos que reconstruyeron la ciudad inmediatamente después del final de la guerra fueron en su mayoría mujeres - Trümmerfrauen ("mujeres de los escombros") - porque los hombres estaban muertos o seguían siendo prisioneros de guerra . En una escala relativa, Würzburg fue destruida en mayor medida que Dresde en un bombardeo incendiario el mes anterior.
El 3 de abril de 1945, Würzburg fue ocupada por la 12.ª División Blindada y la 42.a División de Infantería de los EE. UU. En una serie de asaltos frontales enmascarados por cortinas de humo. La batalla continuó hasta que la resistencia final de la Wehrmacht fue derrotada el 5 de abril de 1945. [13] [14]
El ataque al tren de Würzburg de 2016 tuvo lugar en la estación de tren de Würzburg-Heidingsfeld el 18 de julio.
Geografía
Würzburg se extiende a orillas del río Main en la región de la Baja Franconia en el norte del estado de Baviera, Alemania. El corazón de la ciudad está en la orilla local del este ( derecha ). La ciudad está rodeada por Landkreis Würzburg , pero no forma parte de ella.
Würzburg cubre un área de 87,6 kilómetros cuadrados y se encuentra a una altitud de alrededor de 177 metros. [15]
Del total del área municipal, en 2007, el área de construcción representó el 30%, seguida de tierras agrícolas (27,9%), silvicultura / madera (15,5%), espacios verdes (12,7%), tráfico (5,4%), agua (1,2% ) y otros (7,3%). [dieciséis]
El centro de Würzburg está rodeado de colinas. Al oeste se encuentra el Marienberg de 266 metros y el Nikolausberg (359 m) al sur. El Main fluye a través de Würzburg desde el sureste hasta el noroeste.
Estructura de la ciudad
Würzburg se divide en 13 Stadtbezirke que, además, se estructuran en 25 distritos . En el siguiente resumen, los distritos y sus números se asignan a los 13 municipios.
01 Altstadt
| 02 Zellerau
03 Dürrbachtal
04 Grombühl
05 Lindleinsmühle
| 06 Frauenland
07 Sanderau
08 Heidingsfeld
09 Heuchelhof
| 10 Steinbachtal
11 Versbach
12 Lengfeld
13 Rottenbauer
|
Demografía
Würzburg had 128,538 inhabitants as of 31 December 2016.
Foreign population
Largest groups of foreign residents:[citation needed] | |
Nationality | Population (31.12.2019) |
---|---|
Romania | 1,316 |
Turkey | 1,086 |
Italy | 885 |
Russia | 803 |
Ukraine | 702 |
Poland | 553 |
Afghanistan | 526 |
China | 483 |
Kosovo | 414 |
Greece | 375 |
Religion
Economía
Würzburg is mainly known as an administrative center. Its largest employers are the Julius-Maximilians-University and the municipality. The largest private employers are Brose Fahrzeugteile followed by Koenig & Bauer, a maker of printing machines. Würzburg is also the capital of the German wine region Franconia which is famous for its mineralic dry white wines especially from the Silvaner grape. Würzburger Hofbräu brewery also locally produces a well-known pilsner beer.
Würzburg is home of the oldest Pizzeria in Germany. Nick di Camillo opened his restaurant named Bier- und Speisewirtschaft Capri on 24 March 1952.[19] Mr Camillo received the honor of the Italian Order of Merit.
In 2017, the GDP per inhabitant was €62,229. This places the district 13th out of 96 districts (rural and urban) in Bavaria (overall average: €46,698).[20]
Military
Following World War II, Würzburg was host to the U.S. Army's 1st and 3rd Infantry Divisions as well as an army hospital and various other U.S. military units that maintained a presence in Germany. The last troops were withdrawn from Würzburg in 2008, thus concluding more than 60 years of U.S. presence there.
arte y Cultura
Notable artists who lived in Würzburg include poet Walther von der Vogelweide (12th and 13th centuries), philosopher Albertus Magnus and painter Mathias Grünewald. Sculptor Tilman Riemenschneider (1460–1531) served as mayor and participated in the German Peasants' War.
Some of the city's "100 churches" survived intact. In style they range from Romanesque (Würzburg Cathedral), Gothic (Marienkapelle), Renaissance (Neubaukirche
), Baroque (Stift Haug Kirche ) to modern (St. Andreas).Major festivals include the Africa Festival in May, the Mozart Festival in June/July and the Kiliani Volksfest in mid-July.
Main sights
- Würzburger Residenz: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the vast compound near the center of the town was commissioned by two prince-bishops, the brothers Johann Philipp Franz and Friedrich Karl von Schönborn. Several architects, including Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt and Maximilian von Welsch, supervised the construction between 1720 and 1744, in imitation of the Palace of Versailles,[4] but it is mainly associated with the name of Balthasar Neumann, the creator of its famous Baroque staircase. The palace suffered severe damage in the British bombing of March 1945, but has been completely rebuilt. The main attractions are:
- Hofkirche: The church interior is richly decorated with paintings, sculptures and stucco ornaments. The altars were painted by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.
- Treppenhaus: Here Giovanni Battista Tiepolo created the largest fresco in the world, which adorns the vault over the staircase designed by Balthasar Neumann.
- Kaisersaal: The "Imperial Hall", the centerpiece of the palace, testifies to the close relationship between Würzburg and the Holy Roman Empire.
- Festung Marienberg is a fortress on Marienberg, the hill to the west of the city centre, overlooking the whole town area as well as the surrounding hills. Most current structures date to the Renaissance and Baroque periods, but the foundations of the chapel go back to the 8th century.
- Alte Mainbrücke32 (Old Main Bridge) was built 1473–1543 to replace the destroyed Romanesque bridge dated from 1133. In two phases, beginning in 1730, the bridge was adorned with twelve 4.5 meter statues of saints and historically important figures like John of Nepomuk, Mary and Saint Joseph, Charlemagne and Pepin the Short. The bridge was damaged by explosives in the final days of World War II. US troops threw the original Pepin into the river to make way for an anti-aircraft gun.[8]:
- The Rathaus or city hall of Würzburg differs from those of most Imperial Cities in that it was not a sumptuous edifice purpose-built in Renaissance style. Rather, the motley collection of buildings and wings reflects the fact that after 1426 the city was permanently under the control of the bishop who did not allow a representative new building. The Rathaus consists of parts dating from 1339 (chapel), 1453 (tower with the town's first public clock), 1544 (southwest oriel), 1659/60 (Roter Bau). In 1822 the three-winged structure of the neighbouring Karmeliterkloster (monastery of the Carmelites) was added to the city hall. The "Renaissance" row on Karmeliterstrasse was built only in 1898.[8]:41
- Among Würzburg's many notable churches are the Käppele, a small Baroque/Rococo chapel by Balthasar Neumann, perched on a hill facing the fortress, and the Dom (Würzburg Cathedral). The Baroque Schönbornkapelle, a side-chapel of the cathedral, has interior decoration of (artificial) human bones and skulls. Also in the cathedral are two of Tilman Riemenschneider's most famous works, the tomb stones of Rudolf II von Scherenberg (1466–1495) and Lorenz von Bibra (1495–1519). At the entrance to the Marienkapelle (on the market square; built between 1377 and 1441) stand replicas of the statues of Adam and Eve by Riemenschneider.[4] The Neumünster is a Romanesque (11th century) minster church with a Baroque façade and dome. Its crypt (Kiliansgruft) houses the relics of Kilian, Totnan and Kolonat.[4] There are also two stone sarcophagi from the 8th century, the tombs of the first and second Bishop of Würzburg, Burkard and Megingaud. The latter's tomb features the oldest post-Roman monumental inscription in Franconia.[8]:45 Next to the Neumünster is the Lusamgärtchen . It contains a memorial from 1930 to Walther von der Vogelweide, who very likely was buried here in 1230.[8]:47 Only the church remains of the town's oldest abbey, St Burchard's Abbey founded around 750. It was transformed into a collegiate church in 1464 and dissolved in 1803. Among the Baroque churches in the centre of the city are Stift Haug (1670–1691), St. Michael , St. Stephan and St. Peter. The church of St Burkhard was built between 1033 and 1042, in the Romanesque style, and was restored in 1168. The Late Gothic choir dates from 1494–1497.[4]
- The Juliusspital is a Baroque hospital with a courtyard and a church originally established by prince-bishop Julius Echter in 1576. The 160 m long northern wing was added by Italian architect Antonio Petrini58–9 n in 1700–1704. Beneath it lies the similarly-sized wine cellar, which (together with those of the Würzburg Residence and the Bürgerspital) offers a chance to taste the local Frankenwein in a special environment. The Juliusspital is the second largest winery in Germany, growing wine on 1.68 square kilometres (1 square mile).[8]:
- The Haus zum Falken62 on Marktplatz, next to the Marienkapelle, with its ornate stucco façade, is an achievement of the Würzburg Rococo period. In the past it served as an inn, today it houses a public library and the tourist information office.[8]:
- The Stift Haug (formally the Stiftskirche St. Johannis im Haug, dedicated to John the Baptist and John the Evangelist) was built in the years 1670–1691 as the first Baroque church in Franconia. It was designed by Antonio Petrini. The former church had been demolished as it was in the way of new city fortifications built by Johann Philipp von Schönborn. In 1945 most of the church's interior was destroyed. Works of art include a crucifixion by Tintoretto loaned by the Bavarian State Painting Collections.[8]:59–60
- The Würzburger Stein vineyard just outside the city is one of Germany's oldest and largest vineyards.
Museums and galleries
- The Museum für Franken (formerly the Mainfränkisches Museum ) in the fortress is home to the world's largest collection of works by Tilman Riemenschneider. In a space of 5,400 m2 (58,125 sq ft), art by regional artists is exhibited. Exhibitions include a pre-historic collection, artifacts of the Franconian wine culture and an anthropological collection with traditional costumes.
- Fürstenbaumuseum: Also in the fortress, the restored Fürstenbau (former residence of the prince-bishops) houses not only the renovated living quarters, but also an exhibit on the history of Würzburg. Another exhibit features ecclesial gold jewelry and a collection of liturgical vestments. The museum also displays two models of the city: Würzburg in 1525 and Würzburg in 1945.
- Museum im Kulturspeicher, housed in a historic grain storage building combined with modern architecture, has more than 3,500 m2 of exhibit space. Collections include the "Peter C. Ruppert Collection", with European Concrete art after 1945 from artists such as Max Bill and Victor Vasarely; works from the Age of Romanticism, the Biedermeier period, Impressionism, Expressionism as well as contemporary art.
- Museum am Dom (Museum at the Cathedral), opened in 2003. It features about 700 pieces of art spanning the past 1000 years. The 1,800 m2 exhibit contrasts contemporary art with older works.
- Shalom Europe, a Jewish museum. Built around 1,504 tombstones discovered and excavated in the old city, the museum uses modern information technology to portray present and traditional Jewish lifestyles and their survival over the past 900 years in Würzburg.
- Martin von Wagner Museum, with objects from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It is housed in the south wing of the Residence and displays ancient marble statues and burial objects. There are also ten exhibition halls with art from the 14th to the 19th centuries.
- Siebold-Museum, which houses permanent and temporary exhibits, including the estate of the 19th-century local physician and Japan researcher Philipp Franz von Siebold.[21]
- The Röntgen Memorial Site in Würzburg, Germany is dedicated to the work of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) and his discovery of X-rays, for which he was granted the Nobel Prize in physics. It contains an exhibition of historical instruments, machines and documents.
Deportes
Former NBA basketball player Dirk Nowitzki was born and grew up in Würzburg. Nowitzki and numerous other German national team players started their careers at the local Baskets Würzburg club that plays in the Basketball Bundesliga as of 2016[update]. In the past, the club played at international competitions such as the Eurocup.
Würzburg is also home to the football teams Würzburger Kickers playing in the 2. Bundesliga and Würzburger FV playing in the Fußball-Bayernliga.
SV Würzburg 05 is a swimming and water polo club, active in the German Water Polo League.
Gobernancia
Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The administration of the Landkreis Würzburg (district) is also located in the town.
Mayor
Since April 2014, the mayor of Würzburg has been Christian Schuchardt
(CDU).Politics
Würzburg (electoral district)
Town twinning
Würzburg is twinned with:
|
|
Associated:
- Faribault, U.S., since 1949
- Nagasaki, Japan, since 2013
Educación e investigación
Würzburg has several internationally recognized institutions in science and research:
University
The University of Würzburg (official name Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) was founded in 1402 and is one of the oldest universities in Germany.
Academic disciplines are astronomy, biology, Catholic theology, chemistry, computer science, culture, economics, educational and social sciences, geography, history, languages and linguistics, law, literature, mathematics, medicine (human medicine, dentistry and biomedicine), pharmacy, philosophy, physics, political science, psychology and sociology.
Today, the ten faculties are spread throughout the city. The university currently enrolls approximately 29,000 students, out of which more than 1,000 come from other countries.
- Wilhelm Röntgen's original laboratory, where he discovered X-rays in 1895, is at the University of Würzburg.
- The University awarded Alexander Graham Bell an honorary Ph.D for his pioneering scientific work.
- The Botanischer Garten der Universität Würzburg is the university's botanical garden.
University of Applied Science
The University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt was founded in 1971 as an institute of technology with departments in Würzburg and Schweinfurt. Academic disciplines are architecture, business economics, business informatics, civil engineering, computational engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, engineering management, geodesy, graphic design, logistics, mechanical engineering, media, nursing theory, plastics engineering, social work.
With nearly 8,000 students it is the second largest university of applied science in Franconia.
Conservatory
The Conservatory of Würzburg is an institution with a long tradition as well as an impressive success story of more than 200 years. It was founded in 1797 as Collegium musicum academicum and is Germany's oldest conservatory. Nowadays it is known as University of Music Würzburg. After the commutation from conservatory to university of music in the early 1970s, science and research were added to complement music education.
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research
The "Fraunhofer ISC" in Würzburg is part of the Fraunhofer Society, Europe's largest application-oriented research organization. It develops materials for tomorrow's products, offering cooperation to small and medium-sized enterprises and to large-scale industrial companies.
Medios de comunicación
Würzburg is home to the daily newspaper Main-Post
. Radio stations like Antenne Bayern and state broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk have local studios. The latter also maintains a large broadcasting station at Frankenwarte on the Nikolausberg. The private stations Radio Gong and Radio Charivari are based in Würzburg. The TV branch of Bayerischer Rundfunk has its Studio Mainfranken in the town. TV touring is a local private TV station.[23]Transporte
Roads
Due to its central position Würzburg is an important traffic hub. Here is the interchange of Autobahn highways A3 (Cologne – Frankfurt – Würzburg – Nuremberg) and A7 (Hamburg – Hanover – Kassel – Würzburg – Ulm) as well as the start of A81 (Würzburg – Heilbronn – Stuttgart). Furthermore, Bundesstraße highways B8, B13, B19 and B27 pass through the city.
Rail
The city's main station is a central hub for long-distance and regional services. Würzburg lies at the southern end of the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line and offers with InterCityExpress and InterCity frequent connections to cities such as Cologne, Frankfurt, Hanover, Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg and Vienna. In addition to main station there are the two regional stations Würzburg-South and Würzburg Zell.
Long distance | Route | |
---|---|---|
ICE (Linie 25) | Munich – Nuremberg – Würzburg – Kassel – Hanover – Hamburg | |
Munich – Augsburg – Würzburg – Kassel – Hanover – Hamburg / – Bremen | ||
ICE (Linie 31) | Vienna – Linz – Passau – Nuremberg – Würzburg – Frankfurt (Main) – Mainz – Koblenz – Cologne – Wuppertal – Hagen – Dortmund | |
ICE (Linie 41) | Munich – Nuremberg – Würzburg – Frankfurt (Main) – Cologne – Düsseldorf – Essen |
regional | Route | |
---|---|---|
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Kitzingen – Neustadt (Aisch) – Fürth – Nuremberg | |
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Aschaffenburg – Hanau – Frankfurt (Main) | |
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Osterburken – Heilbronn – Ludwigsburg – Stuttgart | |
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Schweinfurt – Bamberg – Lichtenfels – Hof/–Bayreuth | |
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Bamberg – Erlangen – Fürth – Nuremberg | |
Regional-Express | Würzburg – Schweinfurt – Bad Kissingen / – Münnerstadt – Bad Neustadt – Mellrichstadt – Meiningen – Suhl – Arnstadt – Erfurt | |
Regional train | Schlüchtern – Jossa – Gemünden (Main) – Würzburg – Schweinfurt – Bamberg | |
Regional train | Karlstadt – Würzburg– Steinach – Ansbach – Treuchtlingen | |
Regional train | Würzburg – Kitzingen | |
Regional train | Würzburg – Bad Mergentheim – Weikersheim – Crailsheim |
Trams/Trains
Würzburg has a tram network of five lines with a length of 19.7 kilometres (12.2 miles).
Line | Route | Time | Stops |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Grombühl – Sanderau | 20 minutes | 20 |
2 | Hauptbahnhof (Main station) – Zellerau | 14 minutes | 11 |
3 | Hauptbahnhof (Main Station) – Heuchelhof | 27 minutes | 20 |
4 | Sanderau – Zellerau | 23 min. | 18 |
5 | Grombühl – Rottenbauer | 39 minutes | 31 |
The proposed Line 6 from Hauptbahnhof (Main Station) to Hubland university campus via Residenz is scheduled to be completed after 2018.
Buses
27 bus lines connect several parts of the city and the inner suburbs. 25 bus lines connect the Landkreis Würzburg to the city.
Port
The Main river flows into the Rhine and is connected to the Danube via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. This makes it part of a trans-European waterway connecting the North Sea to the Black Sea.
Bicycle
Designated bicycle paths are located throughout the city and the Main-Radweg long-distance bicycle trail passes through the old town.
Infraestructura
Utilities
The local public utility is Würzburger Versorgungs- und Verkehrs-GmbH
supplying power, natural gas and water as well as public transportation and parking services. It also owns a majority stake in the port and runs local garbage collection/recycling. Heizkraftwerk Würzburg is owned by the utility.Health care
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
provides health care services, with over 5,300 employees and over 1,400 hospital beds. Juliusspital also offers hospital services with 342 beds.Gente notable
- Joseph Friedrich Abert (1879–1959), historian and archivist
- Heinrich Albert (1870–1950), classical guitarist and composer
- Yehuda Amichai ("Ludwig Pfeuffer"; 1924–2000), Israeli poet
- Thomas Bach (born 1953), Olympic gold medalist in fencing & IOC President since 2013
- Frank Baumann (born 1975), footballer
- Fritz Bayerlein (1899–1970), World War II general
- Mark Bloch (born 1956), American artist
- Walter von Boetticher (1853–1945), historian and physician studied medicine at Würzburg
- Oskar Dirlewanger (1895–1945), war criminal and S.S. leader of the SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger.
- Christian von Ditfurth (born 1953), writer and historian
- Jutta Ditfurth (born 1951), sociologist, writer and historian
- Freimut Duve (1936–2020), politician and author
- Björn Emmerling (born 1975), field hockey player
- Gottfried Feder (1883–1941), economist, anti-capitalist and national socialist
- Leonhard Frank (1882–1961), expressionist writer
- Manfred H. Grieb (1933-2012), entrepreneur and art collector
- Duane Harden (born 1971), dance music vocalist
- Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976), theoretical physicist
- Alfred Jodl (1890–1946), World War II general
- Klaus Iohannis (born 1959), President of Romania, elected 2014
- Wilhelm Keilmann (1908–1999), composer
- Cage Kennylz (born 1973), American hip-hop artist
- Friederich von Kleudgen (1856–1924), painter
- Maximilian Kleber (born 1992), basketball player
- Joseph Küffner (1776–1856), composer
- Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (1821–1912)
- Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist
- Waltraud Meier (born 1956), opera singer
- Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1545–1617), Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and leader Counter Reformation
- Johann Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753), architect and military engineer
- Dirk Nowitzki (born 1978), basketball player
- Franz Oberthür (1745–1831), theologian
- Tilman Riemenschneider (c. 1460–1531), German sculptor and woodcarver
- Emy Roeder (1890–1971), expressionist sculptress and artist
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), physicist, discovered X-rays
- Philipp Franz von Siebold (1797–1866), physician and botanist, among the first Westerners to visit and work in Japan
- Philipp Stöhr (1849–1911), anatomist
- Lorenz von Bibra (1459–1519), Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1495 to 1519
- Stephanie Wehner (born 1977), quantum physicist and computer scientist.
- Burkard Polster (born 1965), mathematician that runs the YouTube channel Mathologer.
Ciudades gemelas - ciudades hermanas
Würzburg is twinned with:[24]
- Bray, Ireland
- Caen, France
- Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mwanza, Tanzania
- Ōtsu, Japan
- Rochester, United States
- Salamanca, Spain
- Suhl, Germany
- Trutnov, Czech Republic
- Umeå, Sweden
- County Wicklow, Ireland
Ver también
- Bishopric of Würzburg
- 2016 Würzburg train attack
Notas
Referencias
- ^ "Tabellenblatt "Daten 2", Statistischer Bericht A1200C 202041 Einwohnerzahlen der Gemeinden, Kreise und Regierungsbezirke". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). July 2020.
- ^ Wuerzburg, Stadt. "Würzburg Online - Bevölkerung". www.wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
- ^ Koch, John T. (2020). CELTO-GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West, p. 131
- ^ a b c d e f g Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 860.
- ^ Norbert Wagner, 'Uburzis-Wirziburg "Würzburg"'
- ^ Heinz Willner, Der Name Würzburg, Frankenland 1/1999.
- ^ Stephanie Heyl, Stadt Würzburg (Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte). c.f. Siebmachers Wappenbuch (1605), plate 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dettelbacher, Werner (1974). Franken - Kunst, Geschichte und Landschaft (German). Dumont Verlag. ISBN 3-7701-0746-2.
- ^ Wolfgang Behringer, Witchcraft in Bavaria: Popular Magik, Religious Zealotry, and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge University Press, 1997).
- ^ a b c "Würzburg During the Holocaust. Kristallnacht". Yad Vashem. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ The Story of the Jewish Community in Würzburg an online exhibition by Yad Vashem
- ^ "Würzburg Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946 (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 65, 129.
- ^ Seite 777, see also Chapter XVIII
- ^ Wuerzburg, Stadt. "Rathaus | Würzburg in Zahlen - Stadtgebiet, Flächennutzung, Klima". www.wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ "Data" (PDF). www.wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ "Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausführlich) in %". Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ^ "Muslime in den Großstädten beim Zensus 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ^ Bauer, Ralph (March 26, 2012). "Würzburg: GIs rissen sich um die erste Pizza in Deutschland" – via www.welt.de.
- ^ "VGR der Länder, Kreisergebnisse für Deutschland - Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung in den kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000 bis 2017 (German)". Statistische Ämter der Länder und des Bundes. Retrieved 4 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-26.
- ^ "Data" (PDF). www.wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". wuerzburg.de (in German). Würzburg. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
Otras lecturas
- Avraham (Rami) Reiner, "The Role and Significance of the Titles written on the Tombstones in the Wurzburg Cemetery,"
- Congress – Tourismus – Wirtschaft (A municipal enterprise of the City of Würzburg): Würzburg. Visitors' Guide. Würzburg 2007. A leaflet.
enlaces externos
- Official website (in German)
- The Story of the Jewish Community in Würzburg – on the Yad Vashem website