Guerra civil yemení (2014-presente)


La Guerra Civil Yemení (en árabe : الحرب الأهلية اليمنية , romanizadoal-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah al-yamanīyah ) es una guerra civil multifacética en curso que comenzó a finales de 2014 principalmente entre el gobierno yemení dirigido por Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi y los hutíes. movimiento armado, junto con sus simpatizantes y aliados. Ambos afirman constituir el gobierno oficial de Yemen . [157]

La guerra civil comenzó en septiembre de 2014 cuando las fuerzas hutíes tomaron el control de la ciudad capital , Sanaa , a lo que siguió una rápida toma del gobierno por parte de los hutíes . El 21 de marzo de 2015, el Comité Revolucionario Supremo liderado por los hutíes declaró una movilización general para derrocar a Hadi y expandir su control conduciendo hacia las provincias del sur. [158] La ofensiva hutí, aliada con las fuerzas militares leales a Saleh, comenzó a luchar al día siguiente en la gobernación de Lahij . El 25 de marzo, Lahij cayó ante los hutíes y llegaron a las afueras de Adén, la sede del poder del gobierno de Hadi. [159] Hadi huyó del país el mismo día. [160] [161] Al mismo tiempo, una coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita lanzó operaciones militares utilizando ataques aéreos para restaurar el antiguo gobierno yemení . [21] Aunque no hubo una intervención directa de Irán, que apoya a los hutíes, [162] el conflicto ha sido ampliamente visto como una extensión del conflicto de poder entre Irán y Arabia Saudita y como un medio para combatir la influencia iraní en la región. [163] [164]

Las fuerzas hutíes controlan actualmente la capital, Sanaa, y todo Yemen del Norte, excepto la gobernación de Marib . Se han enfrentado con fuerzas progubernamentales respaldadas por Arabia Saudita leales a Hadi. Desde la formación del Consejo de Transición del Sur en 2017 y la posterior captura de Adén por el STC en 2018, la coalición anti-hutí se ha fracturado, con enfrentamientos regulares entre las fuerzas pro-Hadi respaldadas por Arabia Saudita y los separatistas del sur respaldados por Estados Unidos. Emiratos Árabes . [165] Al-Qaeda en la Península Arábiga (AQAP) y el Estado Islámico de Irak y el Levante también han llevado a cabo ataques contra ambas facciones, con AQAP controlando franjas de territorio en el interior ya lo largo de la costa. [166]

Según ACLED, más de 100.000 personas han muerto en Yemen, incluidos más de 12.000 civiles, así como estimaciones de más de 85.000 muertos como resultado de una hambruna en curso debido a la guerra. [152] [167] [168] En 2018, las Naciones Unidas advirtieron que 13 millones de civiles yemeníes enfrentan el hambre en lo que dice podría convertirse en "la peor hambruna del mundo en 100 años". [169] La crisis solo ha comenzado a ganar tanta atención de los medios internacionales como la Guerra Civil Siria en 2018. [170] [171]

La comunidad internacional ha condenado enérgicamente la campaña de bombardeos liderada por Arabia Saudita, que ha incluido bombardeos generalizados de áreas civiles dentro de la parte occidental de Yemen controlada por los hutíes. [172] Según el Yemen Data Project, la campaña de bombardeos ha matado o herido a unos 17.729 civiles hasta marzo de 2019. [173]

El Estados Unidos proporciona inteligencia y apoyo logístico para la campaña de Arabia llevado. [18] En marzo de 2019, ambas cámaras del Congreso de los Estados Unidos votaron para aprobar una resolución para poner fin al apoyo de Estados Unidos al esfuerzo bélico de Arabia Saudita. [174] Fue vetado por el entonces presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump , y en mayo, el Senado no logró anular el veto. [175] Sin embargo, el 27 de enero de 2021, el recién elegido presidente Joe Biden congeló las ventas de armas a Arabia Saudita y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, [176] y el 4 de febrero de 2021, Biden anunció oficialmente el fin del apoyo estadounidense a la coalición saudí. [177] Sin embargo, los detalles del fin de la participación estadounidense en la guerra aún no se han publicado. [178]

Después de la abolición de su gobierno, desde la década de 1960 en adelante, Zaydis enfrentó políticas de discriminación y sunificación de los consiguientes gobiernos dominados por los sunitas. Por ejemplo, los salafis de Saada reclamaron a al-Shawkani como un precursor intelectual, y los futuros regímenes yemeníes defenderían sus políticas de sunización como unificador del país [179] y socavarían el chiísmo de Zaydi. [180]

Ansar Allah (a veces anglicanizado como Ansarullah), conocido popularmente como los hutíes , es un grupo zaidi con sus orígenes en la montañosa gobernación de Sa'dah en la frontera norte de Yemen con Arabia Saudita . Lideraron una insurgencia de bajo nivel contra el gobierno yemení en 2004 [181] después de que su líder, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi , fuera asesinado en una represión militar del gobierno [182] [183] tras sus protestas contra las políticas gubernamentales. [184] [185]

La intensidad del conflicto aumentó y disminuyó en el transcurso de la década de 2000 , con la negociación de múltiples acuerdos de paz que luego fueron ignorados. [186] [187] La insurgencia hutí se calentó en 2009, atrayendo brevemente a la vecina Arabia Saudita al lado del gobierno yemení, pero se enfrió el año siguiente después de que se firmó un alto el fuego. [188] [189]

Luego, durante las primeras etapas de la revolución yemení en 2011, el líder hutí Abdul-Malik al-Houthi declaró el apoyo del grupo a las manifestaciones que pedían la renuncia del presidente Ali Abdullah Saleh . [190] Más tarde ese año, como Saleh preparado para dejar el cargo, el Huzis puso cerco a la salafista pueblo -majority de Dammaj en el norte de Yemen, un paso hacia la consecución de la autonomía virtual para la región de Saada. [191]

Los hutíes boicotearon una elección de un solo candidato a principios de 2012 destinada a darle a Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi un mandato de dos años. [192] Participaron en una Conferencia de Diálogo Nacional , pero retuvieron el apoyo de un acuerdo final a principios de 2014 que extendió el mandato de Hadi en el cargo por un año más. [193] [194]

El conflicto entre las tribus hutíes y sunitas en el norte de Yemen se extendió a otras gobernaciones, incluida la de Sanaa, a mediados de 2014. [195]

Acusaciones de apoyo externo

En abril de 2015, la portavoz del Consejo de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos , Bernadette Meehan, declaró que: "Nuestra evaluación sigue siendo que Irán no ejerce el mando y control sobre los hutíes en Yemen". [196] [197]

Los hutíes han sido acusados ​​durante mucho tiempo de ser representantes de Irán , ya que ambos siguen el Islam chiíta (aunque los iraníes son chiítas de los doce imanes y los hutíes son chiíes zaidi ). El Estados Unidos y Arabia Saudita han alegado que los Huzis recibir armas y entrenamiento de Irán. [198] Si bien los hutíes y el gobierno iraní han negado cualquier afiliación militar, [199] el líder supremo iraní Ali Khamenei anunció abiertamente su apoyo "espiritual" al movimiento en una reunión personal con el portavoz hutí Mohammed Abdul Salam en Teherán , en el en medio de los conflictos en curso en Adén en 2019. [200] [201] Además, el comandante del IRGC , Nasser Shabani, fue citado por la Agencia de Noticias Fars , la agencia de noticias semioficial del gobierno iraní, diciendo: "Nosotros (el IRGC) le dijimos a los yemeníes [Rebeldes hutíes] atacaron dos petroleros saudíes, y lo hicieron "el 7 de agosto de 2018. [202] [203] La nación africana de Eritrea también ha sido acusada de canalizar material iraní hacia los hutíes, [204] también como ofrecer atención médica a los combatientes hutíes heridos. [205] El gobierno de Eritrea ha calificado las acusaciones de "infundadas" y dijo después del estallido de hostilidades abiertas que ve la crisis de Yemen "como un asunto interno". [204] Según un documento secreto de las Naciones Unidas , Corea del Norte había ayudado a los hutíes vendiendo armas. [8] [206]

Mientras tanto, el gobierno yemení ha disfrutado de un importante respaldo internacional de las monarquías de Estados Unidos y del Golfo Pérsico. Los ataques con aviones no tripulados estadounidenses se llevaron a cabo regularmente en Yemen durante la presidencia de Hadi en Sanaa , generalmente contra Al Qaeda en la Península Arábiga . [207] Estados Unidos también fue un importante proveedor de armas para el gobierno yemení, aunque según el Pentágono , cientos de millones de dólares en ese material han desaparecido desde que fue entregado. [208] Arabia Saudita proporcionó ayuda financiera a Yemen hasta finales de 2014, cuando la suspendió en medio de la toma de control de Saná por los hutíes y la creciente influencia sobre el gobierno yemení. [209] Según Amnistía Internacional , el Reino Unido también suministró armamento utilizado por la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita para atacar objetivos en Yemen. [210] Amnistía Internacional también dice que Raytheon Company, con sede en Estados Unidos, suministró una bomba guiada por láser que mató a seis civiles el 28 de junio de 2019 [211].

Un informe de agosto de 2020 de la Oficina del Inspector General detalló que el secretario de Estado Mike Pompeo cumplió con los prerrequisitos legales al declarar una emergencia para la venta de armas por valor de miles de millones de dólares a aliados del Golfo como Arabia Saudita , Jordania y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos . Sin embargo, el informe también señaló que la posible amenaza a las vidas de los civiles atrapados en el fuego cruzado no se evaluó adecuadamente en el momento de la emergencia. El Departamento de Estado también fue acusado en el informe de violar el umbral de la AECA al aprobar la venta de armas a los estados del Golfo. [212]

Comienza el conflicto

Después de varias semanas de protestas callejeras contra la administración de Hadi, que hizo recortes a los subsidios a los combustibles que eran impopulares para el grupo, los hutíes lucharon contra las fuerzas del ejército de Yemen bajo el mando del general Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar . En una batalla que duró solo unos días, los combatientes hutíes tomaron el control de Sanaa , la capital de Yemen, en septiembre de 2014 . [213] Los hutíes obligaron a Hadi a negociar un acuerdo para poner fin a la violencia, en el que el gobierno dimitió y los hutíes ganaron un nivel de influencia sin precedentes sobre las instituciones estatales y la política. [214] [215]

En enero de 2015, descontentos con la propuesta de dividir el país en seis regiones federales , [216] los combatientes hutíes tomaron el recinto presidencial en Saná. El juego de poder provocó la dimisión del presidente Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi y sus ministros. [194] [217] El liderazgo político hutí anunció entonces la disolución del parlamento y la formación de un Comité Revolucionario para gobernar el país el 6 de febrero de 2015. [218]

El 21 de febrero, un mes después de que militantes hutíes confinaran a Hadi en su residencia de Saná, salió de la capital y viajó a Adén . En un discurso televisado desde su ciudad natal, declaró que la toma de posesión de los hutíes era ilegítima e indicó que seguía siendo el presidente constitucional de Yemen. [219] [220] [221] Su predecesor como presidente, Ali Abdullah Saleh —quien había sido ampliamente sospechoso de ayudar a los hutíes durante su toma de posesión de Saná el año anterior— denunció públicamente a Hadi y le pidió que se exiliara. [222]

El 19 de marzo de 2015 , las tropas leales a Hadi se enfrentaron con quienes se negaron a reconocer su autoridad en el aeropuerto de la batalla de Adén . Las fuerzas al mando del general Abdul-Hafez al-Saqqaf fueron derrotadas y al-Saqqaf huyó hacia Saná. [223] En aparente represalia por la ruta de al-Saqqaf, aviones de combate, según se informa, piloteados por pilotos hutíes, bombardearon el complejo de Hadi en Adén. [224]

Después de los atentados con bombas en la mezquita de Sanaa el 20 de marzo de 2015 , en un discurso televisado, Abdul-Malik al-Houthi , el líder de los hutíes, dijo que la decisión de su grupo de movilizarse para la guerra era "imperativa" en las circunstancias actuales y que Al-Qaeda en la Península Arábiga y sus afiliados, entre los que cuenta a Hadi, serían el objetivo, a diferencia del sur de Yemen y sus ciudadanos. [225] El presidente Hadi declaró que Adén era la capital temporal de Yemen, mientras que Saná permanecía bajo el control de los hutíes. [226] [227]

Además, el mismo día de los atentados con bombas en la mezquita, militantes de al-Qaeda capturaron la capital provincial de Lahij , en el distrito de Al Houta, después de matar a unos 20 soldados antes de ser expulsados ​​varias horas después. [228]

Acontecimientos políticos

Hadi reiteró en un discurso el 21 de marzo de 2015 que era el presidente legítimo de Yemen y declaró: "Restauraremos la seguridad en el país y izaremos la bandera de Yemen en Saná, en lugar de la bandera iraní". [229] También declaró que Adén era la "capital económica y temporal" de Yemen debido a la ocupación hutí de Sanaoutha, que prometió volver a tomar. [230]

En Sanaa , el Comité Revolucionario Houthi nombró al Mayor General Hussein Khairan como nuevo Ministro de Defensa de Yemen y lo colocó al mando general de la ofensiva militar. [231] [232]

Control de Taiz

El 22 de marzo de 2015 , las fuerzas hutíes respaldadas por tropas leales a Saleh entraron en Taiz , la tercera ciudad más grande de Yemen, y rápidamente se apoderaron de sus puntos clave. Encontraron poca resistencia, aunque un manifestante murió a tiros y cinco resultaron heridos. [233] [234] [235] Los medios de comunicación occidentales comenzaron a sugerir que Yemen se estaba deslizando hacia una guerra civil mientras los hutíes del norte se enfrentaban a los reductos en el sur. [236] [237] [238]

El 14 de diciembre de 2015 , el ejército yemení pro Saleh y militantes hutíes llevaron a cabo un ataque con un misil balístico Tochka contra un campamento militar que estaba siendo utilizado por tropas de la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita , al suroeste de la ciudad de Taiz .

Avance de Yemen occidental

El 23 de marzo de 2015 , las fuerzas hutíes avanzaron hacia el estratégico estrecho de Bab-el-Mandeb , un corredor vital por el que pasa gran parte del comercio marítimo mundial. [239] Al día siguiente, los combatientes del grupo supuestamente ingresaron al puerto de Mocha . [240] [241]

El 31 de marzo de 2015 , combatientes hutíes entraron en una base militar costera en el estrecho después de que la 17ª División Blindada del Ejército de Yemen abriera las puertas y les entregara armas. [242]

El 2 de abril de 2015 , Mahamoud Ali Youssouf , ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Djibouti , dijo que los hutíes colocaron armas pesadas y botes de ataque rápido en Perim y una isla más pequeña en el estrecho de Bab-el-Mandeb. Advirtió que las armas representan "un gran peligro" para su país, el tráfico marítimo comercial y los buques militares. [243]

Ofensiva del sur

Batalla de Dhale

El 24 de marzo de 2015 , las fuerzas hutíes tomaron edificios administrativos en Dhale (o Dali) en medio de intensos combates, acercándolos a Adén. [244] Sin embargo, los combatientes hutíes fueron rápidamente desalojados de Ad Dali 'y Kirsh por las fuerzas leales a Hadi. [245]

La lucha por Dhale continuó incluso mientras los hutíes avanzaban más al sur y al este. El 31 de marzo de 2015 , los leales a Hadi se enfrentaron con los hutíes y las unidades del ejército leales a Saleh. [246]

El 1 de abril de 2015 , se dijo que una brigada del ejército pro-hutí se había "desintegrado" después de haber sido golpeada por aviones de combate de la coalición en Ad Dali. Según los informes, el comandante de la 33ª Brigada huyó y grupos de tropas prohutíes se retiraron hacia el norte. [247]

Tres F-15C sauditas del 13 ° Escuadrón

Según los informes, la ciudad cayó en manos progubernamentales a fines de mayo. [248]

Luchando en Lahij

El 24 de marzo de 2015 , en la gobernación de Lahij , estallaron intensos combates entre hutíes y combatientes pro-Hadi. [244] Al día siguiente, la base aérea de Al Anad , a 60 kilómetros de Adén, fue capturada por los hutíes y sus aliados. La base había sido abandonada recientemente por las tropas del USSOCOM de los Estados Unidos de América . [249] [250] El ministro de Defensa Mahmoud al-Subaihi , uno de los principales lugartenientes de Hadi, fue capturado por los hutíes en Al Houta y trasladado a Saná. [251] [252] Los combatientes hutíes también avanzaron hacia Dar Saad, una pequeña ciudad, a 20 km al norte de Adén. [253]

El 26 de marzo de 2015 , después de que estallaran los enfrentamientos en Adén , los leales a Hadi contraatacaron cuando se puso en marcha una intervención militar dirigida por Arabia Saudita . La artillería bombardeó la base aérea de Al Anad , lo que obligó a algunos de sus ocupantes hutíes a huir del área. [254] Los ataques aéreos sauditas también afectaron a Al Anad. [255] A pesar de los ataques aéreos, la ofensiva del sur continuó. [256] [257]

La lucha llega a Adén

Ofensiva hutí en Aden
Contraofensiva progubernamental

En Adén, los oficiales militares dijeron que las milicias y las unidades militares leales a Hadi se habían "fragmentado" el 25 de marzo, acelerando el avance de los hutíes. Dijeron que los hutíes estaban luchando contra las tropas de Hadi en cinco frentes diferentes. [258] El aeropuerto internacional de Adén suspendió todos los vuelos. [259] Los enfrentamientos llegaron a las afueras de Adén el 25 de marzo de 2015 , con soldados pro-Saleh tomando el control del aeropuerto internacional de Adén y estallaron enfrentamientos en una base del ejército. [260] [261] Según los informes, Hadi huyó de su "capital temporal" en barco a medida que empeoraban los disturbios. [252] El 26 de marzo de 2015 , reapareció en la capital saudí, Riad , donde llegó en avión y fue recibido por el príncipe saudí Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud . [160]

Durante los días siguientes, los hutíes y las fuerzas del ejército aliado rodearon Adén [262] [263] y rodearon los reductos de Hadi, aunque encontraron una feroz resistencia de los leales al presidente asediado y los residentes armados de la ciudad. Comenzaron a presionar hacia el centro de la ciudad el 29 de marzo de 2015 a pesar de los ataques aéreos de la coalición y los bombardeos de los buques de guerra de la Armada egipcia en alta mar. [264]

El 2 de abril de 2015 , los hutíes tomaron el recinto que se había utilizado como palacio presidencial temporal [265] y los combates se trasladaron a los distritos centrales de Crater y Al Mualla . [266]

Según los informes, un pequeño contingente de tropas extranjeras fue desplegado en Adén a principios de mayo, luchando junto a milicianos anti-hutíes en la ciudad. Arabia Saudita negó la presencia de tropas terrestres , [267] mientras que el gobierno de Hadi afirmó que las tropas eran fuerzas especiales yemeníes que habían recibido entrenamiento en el Golfo Pérsico y fueron redistribuidas para luchar en Adén. [268]

El presidente Hadi se reúne con el secretario de Estado de Estados Unidos, John Kerry, en Riad , Arabia Saudita, el 7 de mayo de 2015

El 21 de julio de 2015, las fuerzas leales a Hadi recuperaron Adén con el apoyo de Arabia Saudita en la Operación Flecha Dorada después de meses de combates. Esto permitió que los suministros finalmente llegaran a la ciudad portuaria para brindar a los civiles la ayuda que necesitaban desesperadamente.

El 22 de julio de 2015, un avión militar saudí aterrizó en el aeropuerto internacional de Adén lleno de ayuda humanitaria. Además, un barco de la ONU atracó en Adén con suministros de socorro muy necesarios, el primer barco de la ONU en llegar a la ciudad en cuatro meses. Otro barco enviado por los Emiratos Árabes Unidos también entregó asistencia médica. El 21 de julio de 2015 , un equipo técnico de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos había llegado para reparar la torre y la terminal de pasajeros del aeropuerto internacional de Adén, gravemente dañada por los enfrentamientos. El 24 de julio de 2015 , llegó un avión militar de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos lleno de ayuda humanitaria. [269]

El 4 de agosto de 2015 , las fuerzas hutíes fueron expulsadas de la base aérea de Al-Anad por fuerzas pro-Hadi. [270]

El 17 de octubre de 2015 , Arabia Saudita confirmó la llegada de tropas sudanesas a Adén con el fin de reforzar la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita. [271] [272]

En enero de 2016, comenzó un nuevo conflicto en Adén, con ISIL y AQAP controlando los vecindarios de la ciudad. [273]

Otras campañas

Gobernación de Abyan

Los hutíes acumularon una serie de victorias en la gobernación de Abyan, al este de Adén, en los días posteriores a su entrada en la capital provisional de Hadi, tomando el control de Shuqrah y Zinjibar en la costa y ganando la lealtad de una brigada del ejército local, pero también encontraron resistencia. tanto de los brigadistas del ejército pro-Hadi como de los militantes de Al Qaeda en la Península Arábiga . [274] Zinjibar y Jaar fueron recapturados por AQAP el 2 de diciembre de 2015 . [275] En 20 de febrero de 2016, la Abyan sur también capturado por AQAP ellos vinculados con su sede en Mukalla . [276]

Gobernación de Saná

En febrero de 2016, las fuerzas pro-Hadi habían logrado ingresar a la gobernación de Sanaa capturando el distrito de Nihm matando a decenas de combatientes hutíes . Continuaron su avance, capturando algunas ciudades y pueblos. [277]

El 31 de enero de 2020, los combatientes hutíes recuperaron toda la gobernación de Sanaa, incluido el distrito de Nihm, del gobierno de Hadi. [278]

Gobernación de Hadramaut

Al-Qaeda en la Península Arábiga tomó el control de Mukalla en la provincia oriental de Hadhramaut el 2 de abril de 2015 , expulsando a los soldados que defendían la ciudad con fuego de mortero y sacando a unos 300 reclusos de la prisión , incluido un líder local de Al Qaeda. [279] [280]

Los combatientes tribales locales alineados con Hadi rodearon y entraron en Mukalla el 4 de abril de 2015 , retomando partes de la ciudad y enfrentándose tanto con militantes de al-Qaeda como con tropas del ejército. [281] Aún así, los militantes mantuvieron el control de aproximadamente la mitad de la ciudad. Además, los combatientes de al-Qaeda capturaron un puesto fronterizo con Arabia Saudita en un ataque que mató a dos soldados. [282]

El 13 de abril de 2015 , la milicia del sur dijo que tomó el control de la base del ejército leal a los hutíes cerca de Balhaf . [283] La ciudad de Mukalla fue recapturada de AQAP a finales de abril de 2016, después de que las tropas leales de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos y Hadi entraran en la ciudad, matando a unos 800 combatientes de AQAP. [284]

El 12 de junio de 2015 , el líder de Al-Qaeda en la Península Arábiga, Nasir al-Wuhayshi , murió en un ataque con aviones no tripulados estadounidenses en Mukalla. [285]

Gobernación de Lahij

Aunque los hutíes tomaron el control de Lahij en el camino a Adén , la resistencia continuó en la gobernación de Lahij . Las emboscadas y los bombardeos afectaron a las líneas de suministro de los hutíes hacia el frente de Adén , y una mina terrestre mató a 25 combatientes hutíes que, según se informó, se dirigían a Adén el 28 de marzo de 2015 . [286]

Gobernación de Shabwah

Los combates también se centraron en la provincia de Shabwa , en la región petrolera de Usaylan, donde dominan Al-Qaeda en la Península Arábiga (AQAP) y Ansar al-Sharia . El 29 de marzo de 2015 , 38 personas murieron en combates entre tribus hutíes y sunitas. Fuentes tribales confirmaron el número de muertos y afirmaron que solo 8 de ellos eran de su lado, y los otros 30 eran hutíes o sus aliados del ejército yemení. [287]

El 9 de abril de 2015 , los hutíes y sus aliados tomaron la capital provincial de Ataq . La toma de posesión fue facilitada por los jefes tribales locales y los funcionarios de seguridad. [288] AQAP se apoderó de Azzan y Habban a principios de febrero de 2016. [289] [290]

En otra parte

El 22 de marzo de 2015, en la provincia de Marib , seis miembros de tribus pro-Hadi murieron durante los combates contra los hutíes. [234]

El 23 de marzo de 2015 , 15 hutíes y 5 miembros de una tribu murieron en enfrentamientos en la gobernación de Al Bayda . [291] Durante la lucha entre los leales a Hadi y los milicianos hutíes en Saná , la embajada de Etiopía fue atacada con bombas el 3 de abril de 2015 . El gobierno etíope dijo que el ataque parecía no ser intencional. No se informó de heridos en la embajada. [292]

El 7 de abril de 2015, miembros de tribus armados expulsaron a los hutíes que habían establecido un campamento improvisado en el sur de la gobernación de Ibb y se apoderaron de sus armas. [293]

Entre el 17 y el 18 de abril de 2015 , al menos 30 personas murieron cuando los hutíes y unidades del ejército aliado atacaron una base militar pro-Hadi en Taiz. Entre los muertos había entre 8 y 16 combatientes pro-Hadi y entre 14 y 19 hutíes, [294] [295] y 3 civiles. [296] Otro informe situó el número de muertos en 85. [297]

En la mañana del 19 de abril de 2015 , murieron 10 hutíes más y cuatro combatientes pro-Hadi. [298]

Un funcionario pro-Hadi afirmó que 150 combatientes pro-hutíes y 27 tribales habían muerto en combates en la gobernación de Marib entre el 2 y el 21 de abril de 2015 . [299]

El 4 de septiembre de 2015, un misil hutí alcanzó un depósito de municiones en una base militar en Marib y mató a 45 soldados de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, 10 saudíes y 5 de Bahrein. [300]

Según los informes, el 16 de octubre de 2015 , los hutíes y las fuerzas aliadas tomaron el control de una base militar en la ciudad de Mukayris, expulsando a los oponentes del sur de Bayda. [301]

El 6 de enero de 2016 , los leales a Hadi capturaron el puerto estratégico del distrito de Midi , pero los insurgentes respaldados por el gobierno hutí continuaron realizando ataques en la ciudad y sus alrededores.

Intervención militar

Intervención liderada por Arabia Saudita en Yemen

Soldado saudí de la Primera Brigada Aerotransportada conversando con un soldado emiratí en Yemen, junio de 2016.
Una protesta a favor de Saleh en Sanaa contra la intervención liderada por Arabia Saudita, marzo de 2016

En respuesta a los rumores de que Arabia Saudita podría intervenir en Yemen, el comandante hutí Ali al-Shami se jactó el 24 de marzo de 2015 de que sus fuerzas invadirían el reino más grande y no se detendrían en La Meca , sino en Riad . [302]

La noche siguiente, respondiendo a una solicitud del gobierno de Yemen, reconocido internacionalmente, Arabia Saudita inició una intervención militar junto con otros ocho estados árabes y con el apoyo logístico de Estados Unidos contra los hutíes, bombardeando posiciones en toda Saná. En una declaración conjunta, las naciones del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (con la excepción de Omán ) dijeron que decidieron intervenir contra los hutíes en Yemen a solicitud del gobierno de Hadi. [303] [304] [305] El rey Salman de Arabia Saudita declaró que la Real Fuerza Aérea Saudita tenía el control total del espacio aéreo yemení pocas horas después del comienzo de la operación. [306] Los ataques aéreos tenían como objetivo obstaculizar el avance de los hutíes hacia la fortaleza de Hadi en el sur de Yemen. [307]

Al Jazeera informó que Mohammed Ali al-Houthi , un comandante hutí designado en febrero como presidente del Comité Revolucionario , resultó herido por un ataque aéreo en Saná la primera noche de la campaña. [308]

Reuters informó que aviones de Egipto , Marruecos , Jordania , Sudán , Kuwait , Emiratos Árabes Unidos , Qatar y Bahrein también están participando en la operación. [21] Irán condenó los ataques aéreos liderados por Arabia Saudita e instó a un fin inmediato a los ataques contra Yemen. [309] Arabia Saudita solicitó que Pakistán también comprometiera fuerzas, pero el parlamento de Pakistán votó oficialmente para permanecer neutral. [310] Sin embargo, Pakistán acordó brindar apoyo de acuerdo con una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas , enviando buques de guerra para hacer cumplir un embargo de armas contra los hutíes. [102] [311]

El 21 de abril de 2015, la campaña de bombardeos se declaró oficialmente terminada, y los funcionarios saudíes dijeron que comenzarían la Operación Restaurar la Esperanza como una combinación de esfuerzos políticos, diplomáticos y militares para poner fin a la guerra. [312] Aún así, los ataques aéreos continuaron contra objetivos hutíes y prosiguieron los combates en Adén y Ad Dalí . [313]

Los Emiratos Árabes Unidos también han encabezado un papel activo contra la lucha contra la presencia de AQAP e ISIL-YP en Yemen a través de una asociación con los Estados Unidos. En un artículo de opinión en The Washington Post , Yousef Al Otaiba , el embajador de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos en Estados Unidos, describió que la intervención ha reducido la presencia de AQAP en Yemen a su punto más débil desde 2012 con muchas áreas previamente bajo su control liberadas. [314] El embajador afirmó que más de 2.000 militantes han sido retirados del campo de batalla, con sus áreas controladas ahora con seguridad mejorada y una asistencia humanitaria y de desarrollo mejor entregada, como la ciudad portuaria de Mukalla y otras áreas liberadas. [314]

Una investigación de Associated Press destacó que la coalición militar en Yemen redujo activamente AQAP en Yemen sin intervención militar, en lugar de ofrecerles tratos e incluso reclutarlos activamente en la coalición porque "son considerados combatientes excepcionales". [315] El general de brigada de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos Musallam Al Rashidi respondió a las acusaciones afirmando que no se puede razonar con Al Qaeda y citó que mataron a muchos de sus soldados. [316] El ejército de los EAU declaró que las acusaciones de permitir que AQAP se fuera con dinero en efectivo contradicen su objetivo principal de privar a AQAP de su solidez financiera. [317] La noción de que la coalición contrate o pague a AQAP ha sido completamente negada por el Pentágono de los Estados Unidos con el coronel Robert Manning , portavoz del Pentágono, calificando a la fuente de noticias de "evidentemente falsa". [318] El gobernador de Hadramut Faraj al-Bahsani, desestimó las acusaciones de que Al Qaeda se ha unido al rango de la coalición, explicando que si lo hicieran habría células durmientes y que él sería "el primero en ser asesinado". Según The Independent , la actividad de AQAP en las redes sociales, así como el número de ataques terroristas realizados por ellos, ha disminuido desde la intervención de los emiratíes. [317]

La certificación y la garantía fueron anunciadas por el secretario de Estado de los EE. UU., Mike Pompeo, indicando que la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita está haciendo los máximos esfuerzos para evitar víctimas civiles a fin de autorizar legalmente al ejército estadounidense a repostar aviones militares de la coalición y continuar su apoyo. [319] [320] El gobierno español canceló inicialmente la venta de 400 bombas guiadas por láser a Arabia Saudita, sin embargo, desde entonces ha revocado la decisión. [321]

Según la agencia de noticias Guardian , más de 40 oficiales sauditas han sido entrenados en prestigiosas universidades militares británicas desde que comenzó la intervención saudí en Yemen. [322] Estos oficiales se entrenaron principalmente en Sandhurst , la escuela de la RAF en Cranwell y el Royal Naval College en Dartmouth desde 2015. [322] El Ministerio de Defensa se negó a declarar el dinero ganado de los contratos saudíes, porque podría influir en las relaciones de Gran Bretaña con los sauditas. [322]

Abdul-Malik Badreddin , el líder hutí condenó la cooperación militar del Reino Unido y la venta de armas al ejército saudí. [322] Según un análisis de Sky News , el Reino Unido ha vendido al menos £ 5.700 millones en armas a la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita que lucha en Yemen desde 2015. [322]

Priyanka Motaparthy, investigadora principal de emergencias de Human Rights Watch , dijo: “Estas revelaciones confirman una vez más cómo el ejército del Reino Unido está trabajando mano a mano con los saudíes. [322]

Los rebeldes hutíes publicaron material de archivo e imágenes de vehículos blindados ligeros (LAV) destruidos, que, según los informes, son fabricados por Canadá y vendidos a Arabia Saudita para combatir en Yemen. El ex diputado del Bloc Quebecois, Daniel Turp, ha pedido a Ottawa que cancele su acuerdo de armas con Riad. [323]

El 25 de abril de 2020, la Campaña contra el comercio de armas condenó a la industria de armas del Reino Unido por servir a los abusadores de los derechos humanos y a regímenes despóticos como Arabia Saudita y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos . Según se informa, las ventas aumentaron un 300% o £ 1 mil millones en 2019, en comparación con 2018. Los aviones exportados por el Reino Unido han sido acusados ​​de matar a decenas de miles de personas y dañar el sistema de salud durante una crisis. [324]

El 13 de julio de 2020, el Ministerio de Defensa del Reino Unido registró más de 500 ataques aéreos saudíes en posible violación del derecho internacional en Yemen. Estas cifras fueron reveladas pocos días después de que el gobierno del Reino Unido decidiera reanudar las ventas de armas a Arabia Saudita, que podrían usarse en la guerra de Yemen, poco más de un año después de que el tribunal de apelación las declarara ilegales. Justificó la reanudación de la venta de armas afirmando que solo se han producido incidentes aislados sin patrón alguno. [325]

El 17 de julio de 2020, se reveló que las autoridades francesas están abriendo una investigación sobre el príncipe heredero de Abu Dhabi, Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan , por complicidad en los actos de tortura citando la participación de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos en la guerra civil de Yemen . Seis ciudadanos yemeníes habían presentado una denuncia ante un juez especializado en crímenes de lesa humanidad, en París. [326]

El 4 de febrero de 2021, el nuevo presidente de EE. UU., Joe Biden, anunció el fin del apoyo de EE. UU. A las operaciones lideradas por Arabia Saudita en Yemen. [327]

Liga Arabe

En Egipto , el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Yemen pidió una intervención militar de la Liga Árabe contra los hutíes. [303] El presidente egipcio Abdel Fattah al-Sisi planteó la idea de una fuerza militar unificada. [328]

La Liga Árabe anunció la formación de una fuerza militar unificada para responder al conflicto en Yemen y Libia. [329]

Ataques con drones

"> Reproducir medios
El presidente Barack Obama y el director de la CIA, John O. Brennan, se reunieron con los líderes del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (CCG) en Riad, Arabia Saudita, el 21 de abril de 2016.

Desde mediados de la década de 2000, Estados Unidos ha estado llevando a cabo asesinatos selectivos de militantes de Al-Qaeda en Yemen , aunque el gobierno de Estados Unidos en general no confirma la participación en ataques específicos llevados a cabo por vehículos aéreos no tripulados como una cuestión de política. La Oficina de Periodismo de Investigación documentó 415 ataques en Pakistán y Yemen en 2015 desde los ataques del 11 de septiembre y, según las estimaciones de la organización, se cree que entre 423 y 962 muertes fueron civiles. Sin embargo, Michael Morell , ex subdirector de la CIA , afirmó que las cifras eran significativamente menores. [330]

Durante la guerra civil en Yemen, han continuado los ataques con aviones no tripulados, dirigidos a presuntos líderes de Al Qaeda en la Península Arábiga . Ibrahim al-Rubeish y Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi , dos figuras destacadas de AQAP, fueron asesinados por ataques con aviones no tripulados estadounidenses en las cercanías de Mukalla en 2015. [331] [332] Aproximadamente 240 presuntos militantes de AQAP han sido asesinados por ataques estadounidenses con aviones no tripulados desde entonces. comenzó la guerra civil. [333]

En 2013, Radhya Al-Mutawakel y Abdelrasheed Al-Faqih, directores de Mwatana, publicaron un informe conjunto con Open Society Foundations titulado 'Muerte por drones', que detalla pruebas de víctimas civiles y daños a objetos civiles en nueve ataques con aviones no tripulados estadounidenses. [334]

Presencia y operaciones del Estado Islámico

El Estado Islámico (EI) ha proclamado varias provincias en Yemen y ha instado a sus seguidores a librar la guerra contra el movimiento hutí, así como contra los Zaydis en general. [335] Los militantes de ISIS han llevado a cabo ataques con bombas en varias partes del país, particularmente contra mezquitas en Saná. [336] [337]

El 6 de octubre de 2015 , militantes del EI llevaron a cabo una serie de atentados suicidas con bomba en Adén que mataron a 15 soldados afiliados al gobierno liderado por Hadi y la coalición liderada por Arabia Saudita. [338] Los ataques fueron dirigidos contra el hotel al-Qasr, que había sido un cuartel general para funcionarios pro-Hadi, y también contra instalaciones militares. [338] Funcionarios yemeníes y la agencia de noticias estatal de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos declararon que 11 soldados yemeníes y 4 soldados de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos murieron en Adén debido a 4 atentados suicidas coordinados del Estado Islámico. Antes de la afirmación de responsabilidad por parte del Estado Islámico, los funcionarios de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos culparon a los hutíes y al ex presidente Ali Abdullah Saleh de los ataques. [338]

Tregua de mayo de 2015

Los hutíes y sus aliados en el ejército aceptaron un alto el fuego de cinco días propuesto por Arabia Saudita el 10 de mayo de 2015 . El cese al fuego estaba destinado a permitir la entrega de ayuda humanitaria al país. [339] La tregua temporal comenzó la noche del 12 de mayo de 2015 para permitir la entrega de alimentos, agua, asistencia médica y combustible en todo el país. [340]

En el cuarto día de la tregua, la frágil paz se desmoronó al estallar la lucha en varias provincias del sur. Al menos tres civiles en Adén y 12 en Taiz murieron el 16 de mayo de 2015 , a pesar del alto el fuego. [341] Agence France-Presse informó que "docenas" murieron en el sur de Yemen por los enfrentamientos, incluidos 26 combatientes hutíes y 12 combatientes pro-Hadi. [342]

Omani Initiative

Around the same time in 2015 reports surfaced in the media suggesting that Oman, which is the only Middle Eastern Monarchy not taking part in the coalition and has a border with Yemen, has presented a 7-point plan to both Houthis and Saudi Arabia. The Houthis accepted the peace talks and the 7-point plan while Saudi Arabia and the Hadi government refused negotiations with the Houthis.[343] It has also been suggested that Oman was responsible to mediate a 24-hour ceasefire although analysts doubted if Oman could help bring about more rigid negotiations.[344][345]

The following parts constituted the planned initiative:

  • The withdrawal of the Houthis and forces loyal to deposed president Ali Abdullah Saleh from all Yemeni cities and the return of military hardware and munitions seized from the Yemeni Army.
  • The restoration of the president Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi and the government of Khalid Bahah.
  • Early parliamentary and presidential elections.
  • An agreement signed by all Yemeni parties.
  • The conversion of Ansarullah into a political party.
  • An international aid conference attended by donor states.
  • Yemen entering the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Sabeen square mass demonstration

On Saturday, 20 August 2016, there were demonstrations at Satin Sanaa's Sabeen square to show support for the Higher Political Council, the Shia Houthi governing body and former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh. The head of council pledged to form a full government within days.[346][347] The crowd size was variously placed at tens of thousands[346] and hundreds of thousands.[347] The crowd's demands were "quickly rejected by the United Nations and the country's internationally recognized government."[347] Meanwhile, Saudi planes roared above the population and bombed nearby leaving an unknown number of casualties.[348]

2017

  • On 29 January, U.S. Navy SEALs carried out a raid in Yakla. Despite a plan for the raid had existed for months, the Obama administration refused to approve the raid, because President Barack Obama feared an escalation of U.S. involvement in Yemen.[349][350] After 5 days in office, President Trump approved the raid, over dinner with his new secretary of defense and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The raid caused numerous civilian casualties, with "a chain of mishaps and misjudgments" leading to a 50-minute shootout that led to the killing of one SEAL, the wounding of three other SEALs, and the deliberate destruction of a $75 million U.S. MV-22 Osprey aircraft that had been badly damaged on landing.[351] The U.S. government reported that 14 Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula fighters were killed and acknowledged that "civilian noncombatants likely were killed" as well.[352] Human Rights Watch, citing witness statements, reported the death of 14 civilians, including nine children.[353]
  • From 1 to 8 March, the US conducted 45 airstrikes against AQAP, a record amount of airstrikes conducted against the group by the US in recent history. The airstrikes were reported to have killed hundreds of AQAP militants.[354][355]
  • On 25 March a court in Houthi-controlled Sanaa sentenced Hadi and six other government officials to death in absentia for "high treason" in the form of "incitement and assistance to Saudi Arabia and its allies".[356][357] The sentence was announced by the Houthi-controlled Saba News Agency.[356]
  • In May, ISIL's Wilayats in Yemen released propaganda videos of their operations, claiming attacks upon Hadi-led government, Houthi rebels and AQAP targets.
  • On 22 July, Houthis and forces loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh launched a retaliation missile (called Volcano H-2) on Saudi Arabia targeting the oil refineries in the Yanbu Province of Saudi Arabia. Houthis and Ali Saleh media have claimed that the missile hit its target causing a major fire, while Saudi Arabia has claimed that it was due to the extreme heat that caused one of the generators to blow up.[358]
  • On 27 July, Houthis and forces loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh launched approximately 4 Volcano 1 missiles at King Fahad Air Base, the Houthis and Saleh said that the missiles had successfully hit their targets, whereas Saudi Arabia said that it was able to shoot down the missiles claiming that the Houthis real goal was to hit Mecca.[359]
  • On 1 October, a US MQ-9 Reaper drone was shot down north of Sanaa. U.S. Central Command stated that the Reaper Drone was shot down by Houthi air defense systems over Sanaa in western Yemen the previous day. The aircraft took off from Chabelley Airport in Djibouti and was armed.[360][361][362][363] Also, sometime in late 2017, in a gradual escalation of U.S. military action, a group of U.S. Army commandos arrived to seek and destroy Houthi missiles near the Saudi Arabian border. In public statements, the U.S. government has tried to keep secret the extent of its involvement in the conflict since the Houthis pose no direct threat to America.[364]
  • CNN reported that on 16 October, the US carried out its first airstrikes specifically targeting ISIS-YP; the strikes targeted two ISIS training camps in Al Bayda Governorate. A US Defense official told CNN that there were an estimated 50 fighters at the camps, the Pentagon said in a statement that the camps’ purpose was to "train militants to conduct terror attacks using AK-47s, machine guns, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and endurance training." strikes disrupted the organization's attempts to train new fighters; the strikes were carried out in cooperation with the government of Yemen.[365]
  • On 2 December, Ali Abdullah Saleh formally split with the Houthis, calling for a dialogue with Saudi Arabia to end the civil war.[366] Clashes in Saana ensued.[367]
  • On 4 December, Saleh was attacked and later killed by Houthi fighters while trying to flee Sanaa.[368] Shortly after his death, Saleh's son, Ahmed Saleh, called for Saleh's forces to split from the Houthis.[369]
  • On 7 December, troops loyal to Hadi captured the strategic coastal town of Al-Khawkhah in western Yemen (115 km south of Al Hudaydah) from the Houthis. It was the first time in 3 years forces loyal to Hadi had entered the Al Hudaydah Governorate.[370]
  • On 24 December, troops loyal to Hadi captured the cities of Beihan and Usaylan, officially ending Houthi presence in any major city that is a part of the Shabwah Governorate.[371]
  • The Saudi-led coalition placed the number of enemy fighters killed at 11,000 as of December 2017.[118]

2018

The southern separatists represented by the Southern Transitional Council were backing the Hadi government against the Houthis, but tensions erupted in January 2018 with the separatists accusing the government of corruption and discrimination. Gun battles erupted in Aden on 28 January 2018 after the deadline set by the separatists for Hadi to dismiss his cabinet elapsed. Pro-STC forces seized a number of government offices, including the Hadi government's headquarters.[372] By 30 January, the STC had taken control of most of the city.[373]

  • On 26 March, the Houthis launched a barrage of rockets at Saudi Arabia, killing an Egyptian man and leaving two others wounded in Riyadh.[374]
  • On 2 April, the Saudi-led coalition bombed a residential housing area in Al Hudaydah, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 9.[375]
  • On 19 April, two leaders of Al-Qaeda in Yemen were killed on Thursday after a security raid was carried out by Yemeni forces in the province of Abyan. The security sources said that the leaders of al-Qaeda in Yemen, Murad Abdullah Mohammed al-Doubli, nicknamed "Abu Hamza al-Batani" and Hassan Baasrei were killed after a raid by security forces in the Al-Qaeda stronghold. Also known as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula or AQAP, Al-Qaeda is primarily active in Yemen. The U.S government believes AQAP to be the most dangerous of the al-Qaeda branches.[376]
  • On 22 April, the Saudi-led coalition carried out airstrikes on a wedding in Hajjah, a town in northwestern Yemen; the airstrikes left at least 33 people dead and 41 wounded. The attack consisted of two missiles that hit several minutes apart.[377] Most of the people killed were women (including the bride at the wedding) and children. Ambulances were not able to get to the site of the attack at first, because, as jets were continuing to fly overhead after the attack, there were concerns about further airstrikes.[378]
  • Houthi media outlets announced on 23 April that Saleh Ali al-Sammad had been killed in an airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition the previous week.[377]
  • On 7 May, airstrikes by the Saudi-led coalition hit Yemen's presidency building. The attack left at least 6 people dead, all of whom were civilians. 30 people were also wounded in the airstrikes.[379]
  • On 8 and 9 June, heavy fighting began in al-Durayhmi and Bayt al-Faqih, 10 and 35 kilometers from the port city of al-Hudaydah, respectively. The United Nations warned that a military attack or a siege on the city could cost up to 250,000 lives.[380]
  • On 10 June, it was reported that the United Nations had withdrawn from Hudaydah.[381] Also on 10 June, it was reported that so far, 600 people had died in recent days as the battle intensified.[382] Furthermore, also on 10 June, Al Jazeera published an article containing reports of alleged torture in Houthi prisons in Yemen.[383]
  • On 12 June, it was reported that an airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition hit a Doctors Without Borders building. This was despite markings on the roof of the building identifying it as a building of health care and despite the fact that its coordinates had been shared with the coalition. No one was hurt in the attack, but the newly constructed building suffered significant damage.[384]
  • On 9 August, a Saudi airstrike on a school bus in a crowded market in Dahyan killed 40 young school children and 11 adults. The 227 kg (500 lb) laser-guided Mk 82 bomb used in the attack was made by Lockheed Martin and purchased by Saudi Arabia from the US.[385]
  • On 13 December, a truce was called in Hudaydah, a port city in Yemen.[386] Warring parties agreed to have a ceasefire in the crucial place, which is a lifeline for half the country. The Houthis agreed to have all forces withdraw from Hudaydah in the following days, same as those from the Yemeni government alliance who were fighting them there, both being replaced by United Nations-designated "local troops".

2019

Ongoing armed conflicts in 2019

  Major wars, 10,000 or more deaths in current or past year
  • On 8 January, the Council on Foreign Relations listed this conflict as a conflict to watch during 2019.[387] Similarly, the Italian Institute for International Political Studies also claimed it to be a conflict to watch in 2019.[388]
  • Sporadic exchanges of fire and other ceasefire violations were reported between Houthi forces and coalition troops around Hudaydah in January.[389]
  • An explosion in a warehouse on 7 April in Sanaa killed at least 11 civilians, including school children and left more than 39 people wounded. The Associated Press news agency said 13 were killed, including 7 children, and more than 100 were wounded. According to Al Jazeera and Houthi officials, the civilians were killed in a Saudi-led coalition airstrike.[390] The Saudi-led coalition denied any airstrikes took place that day on Sanaa. The state-run news agency in Aden, aligned with the internationally recognized government, said the rebels had stored weapons at the warehouse. According to The Washington Post, "some families and residents of the district of Sawan said the explosion occurred after a fire erupted inside the warehouse. They said a fire sent columns of white smoke rising into the air, followed by the explosion." Their accounts were confirmed by several videos filmed by bystanders.[391][392]
  • On 6 June, Houthis shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone over Yemen, using a SA-6 missile, the CENTCOM asserted that the event “indicated an improvement over previous Houthi capability,” and that it was enabled with Iranian assistance.[393][394]
  • On 23 June, Houthi rebels carried out a drone attack on Abha International Airport, killing a Syrian national and wounding 21.[395]
  • On 25 June, Saudi special forces announced that they captured the leader of the ISIL-YP, Abu Osama al-Muhajer, on 3 June along with other members including the chief financial officer of the organization.[98]
  • In June, the United Arab Emirates began scaling back its military presence in Yemen, amidst the soaring US-Iran tensions closer to home. According to four western diplomats, the key member of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen, UAE pulled out troops from the southern port of Aden and its western coast. One of the sources stated that “a lot” of forces have been withdrawn in three weeks.[396]
  • In July, the United Arab Emirates announced the partial withdrawal of its troops from Yemen, amid tensions with Iran on the Persian Gulf.[397]
  • On 12 August, fighters aligned with the Southern Transitional Council took control of Aden from the Saudi-backed government.[398]
  • On 12 August, Houthis shot down another US MQ-9 Reaper unarmed drone over Dhamar, Yemen. The claim was corroborated by two US officials.[399]
  • On 26 August, Houthi rebels fired a total of 10 Badr-1 ballistic missiles at the Jizan airport in southwest Saudi Arabia. The retaliatory attack led to dozens of killings and injuries. Riyadh claimed that it had intercepted six out of 10 missiles fired from Yemen.[400] Houthi fighters ambushed a Saudi Arabian auxiliary force of around 1,100 men from the al-Fateh Brigade in the Jabara Valley in Saada Governorate as part of Operation Victory from God.[401]
  • On 29 August, the Yemeni government alleged that the United Arab Emirates conducted airstrikes over the forces heading to the southern port city of Aden to fight the UAE-backed separatists. A Yemeni commander, Col. Mohamed al-Oban stated that the airstrikes killed at least 30 troops.[402]
  • On 30 August, Islamic State took responsibility for a suicide bomb attack in the Yemeni port of Aden, which was carried out by a militant on a motorcycle. The attack reportedly killed six southern separatist fighters.[403]
  • On 1 September, the Saudi-led coalition fighting Houthi rebels in Yemen launched several airstrikes on a university being used as a detention center in a southwestern province. Initially, 60 fatalities were reported. However, officials and rebels later confirmed that at least 70 people died in the airstrikes in Dhamar, making it the deadliest attack of the year by the coalition.[404]
  • On 8 September, the Arab coalition including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates urged separatists and President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi's government to halt all military actions in south Yemen. The two Gulf nations asked them to prepare for “constructive dialogue” to end the crisis between the two nominal allies.[405]
  • On 14 September, the Houthi rebels claimed the Abqaiq and Khurais drone attacks, which caused massive damage to Saudi oil facilities.[406]
  • On 24 September, 16 people including seven children were killed by a Saudi attack in Dhalea province.[407]
  • On 29 October, Yemeni officials reported that a large explosion hit the convoy of the internationally recognized government's defense minister. Mohammed Al-Maqdishi was inside a complex of buildings used as the ministry's interim headquarters in Marib Governorate. However, he survived the attack.[408]
  • On 13 November, Oman became the mediator between Saudi Arabia and the Houthi rebels. The country between the two conflicting nations held indirect, behind-the-scenes talks to end the ongoing war of five years in Yemen.[409]
  • On 29 December 2019, a missile-attack by Houthis in Yemen struck a military parade in southern separatist-controlled town of al-Dhalea, which killed at least five people and wounded others, Yemen's Security Belt forces said.[410] On the same day, the Houthi rebels listed locations on their strike targets, which included six “sensitive” sites in Saudi Arabia and three in the United Arab Emirates.[411]

Kuwait Initiative

On 27 September, Kuwait reiterated its willingness to host the parties involved in the Yemen war for another round of peace talks, in order to seek a political solution to the prolonged crisis.[412] Kuwait had also hosted the Yemen peace talks for three months in April 2016. However, the negotiations broke down in August, after they failed to yield a deal between the parties involved in the war.[413]

Riyadh Agreement on Yemen

On 5 November, a power-sharing deal, Riyadh Agreement on Yemen was signed between the Saudi-backed Yemeni government and the UAE-backed southern separatists, in the presence of Mohammed bin Salman, Mohammed bin Zayed, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Southern Transitional Council's chief Aidarus al-Zoubaidi and other senior officials. It was signed in Saudi Arabia and was hailed as a wider political solution to end the multifaceted conflict in Yemen.[414] Despite the agreement, clashes between the STC and Hadi government forces took place in December.[415]

2020

January

  • On 7 January, Houthi rebels shot down a drone belonging to the Saudi-led coalition, in the northeastern province of Jawf.[416][417]
  • On 18 January, a missile attack on a military training camp in the central province of Marib killed at least 111 soldiers, while dozens were wounded. The Yemeni government blamed Houthi rebels for the attack, as there was no claim of responsibility.[418] The strike targeted a mosque as people met for prayer, military sources told Reuters.[419][420]
  • On 29 January, Houthi rebels said they carried out missile and drones attacks on Saudi Aramco in the kingdom's southern Jazan province. However, Saudi oil authorities claimed that the missiles were intercepted.[421] Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula leader Qasim al-Raymi was killed by an American drone strike.[422]
  • On 31 January, Houthi armed forces spokesman Gen. Yahya Sarea announced that Houthi forces managed to liberate roughly 2,500 km2 of territory including the city of Naham, and parts of the governorates of Al-Jawf and Marib, from Saudi-led forces. They recaptured the entire Sanaa Governorate.[423][278] The coalition forces immediately denied this claim, claiming victory and progress in these areas.“In the Nahm district, east of the capital Sanaa, the National Army managed to regain control of a number of Houthi-controlled areas,” Majli said.[424]

February

  • On 15 February, a Saudi Tornado was shot down during close air support mission in support of Saudi allied Yemeni forces in the Yemeni Al Jouf governorate by Houthis. On the day after, the Saudi command confirmed the loss of a Tornado, while video evidence was released showing the downing using a two-stage surface to air missile. Both pilots ejected and were captured by Houthis according to the Saudi Coalition.[425][426][427][428] The next day, the Saudi-led coalition launched airstrikes, targeting Yemen's northern Al Jawf Governorate and killed 31 civilians.[429]

March

  • On 1 March, Houthi forces captured the city of Al Hazm, the capital of Al Jawf Governorate.[430][431]
  • On 10 March, Houthis forces captured the town of Tabab Al-Bara and other portions of Sirwah District in Marib Governorate in their eastward offensive towards the city of Marib.[432][433]
  • On 30 March, the Saudi-led coalition carried out an airstrike on the Yemeni capital, Sanaa.[434] The attacks came despite the UN Secretary-General António Guterres and other organizations asking to maintain ceasefire during the COVID-19 pandemic. In their statement, a group of regional experts also said that all political prisoners should be released from prisons to tackle the appalling health care system, and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic from spreading in Yemen.[435]

April

  • On 5 April, at least 5 women were killed and 28 people injured when shelling hit the woman's section of Taiz's main prison. The shelling came from the part of the divided city controlled by the Houthis.[436] The attack was condemned by the High Commissioner of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) Michelle Bachelet, who called it a breach of international humanitarian law.[437][438]
  • After the United Nations urged both sides to pursue peace talks in order to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen,[439] the Saudi-led coalition called a unilateral ceasefire beginning 9 April at noon, to support efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.[440]
  • However, despite pledging ceasefire in Yemen, Saudi-led coalition carried out dozens of airstrikes in the span of a week. The Yemen Data Project stated that at least 106 Saudi-led airstrikes, across 26 raids in Yemen have been carried out by the Kingdom over the last week.[441]
  • On 26 April, the Southern Transitional Council (STC) announced it was establishing self-rule in the parts of south Yemen under their control. The move threatened to renew the conflict with the Saudi-backed Internationally Recognized Government (IRG) of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.[442]
  • By 28 April, Houthi forces said that they managed to capture eleven of the twelve districts and 95% of the Al-Jawf Governorate with only the eastern district of Khab and al-Shaaf still being in Saudi-led coalition control. They controlled all of North Yemen except for Marib Governorate.[58][59]

May

  • On 11 May, the Hadi government forces attacked the separatists' positions in the capital of Abyan province, Zinjibar. An STC official, Nabil al-Hanachi stated that they managed to "stop the attack and kill many of them". The renewed fight between the two sides brought additional risks to the already vague Riyadh Agreement.[443]
  • On 19 May, the President of STC Aidarus al-Zoubaidi visited Riyadh for two days, in order to discuss the prolonged impasse with the Hadi government. However, the talks were extended to the eighth day on 26 May, where the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was facing a challenge to resolve the conflict between the Hadi government it sponsors and the separatists backed by the UAE. The conflict between the two sides reflected rising differences within the Saudi-led coalition, giving rise to a “war within a war” that the two are fighting against the Houthi rebels.[444]

June

  • On June 15, an airstrike from the Saudi-led coalition on a vehicle carrying civilians killed 13, including four children.[445]
  • On June 14, the STC confiscated billions of Yemeni riyals en route to the central bank in the port city Aden.[446]
  • On June 21, the STC seized full control of Socotra, deposing governor Ramzi Mahroos, who denounced the action as a coup.[447]
  • On 30 June, Houthis forces made further advances on the North of Badya and the South of Marib, seizing 400 km of terrain and inflicting 250 killed, wounded and captured Pro-Hadi Government forces.[448]

July

  • On July 2, coalition fighter jets launched scores of airstrikes on several Yemeni provinces. The operation was a response to ballistic missile and drone launchings by the Houthis against Saudi Arabia. The air raids ended a ceasefire that had been in place since April, as part of efforts to battle the coronavirus.[449]
  • On July 21, 2020, the International Organization for Migration revealed that between March 30 and July 18, over 10,000 people got internally displaced citing fear of coronavirus.[450]

August

  • On August 19, Houthi forces said they captured part of Al Bayda after they launched an offensive.

December

On December 31, explosions and gunfire targeted Aden International Airport whilst a plane carrying members of the recently formed Yemeni government disembarked. The attack left 28 people dead and 107 others injured.[451] None of the passengers were hurt in the attack and the Yemeni cabinet members were quickly transported to Mashiq Palace for safety.[452]

2021

February

The Houthis launched another offensive on Marib Governorate in late February with the aim of capturing Marib city. After making steady advances in the governorate, the Houthis launched a three direction assault on the city with occasional ballistic strikes. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over 140,000 displaced refugees from western Marib fled fearing the Houthis' advance.[453]

CNN reported on 8 April 2015 that almost 10,160,000 Yemenis were deprived of water, food, and electricity as a result of the conflict. The report also added per source from UNICEF officials in Yemen that within 15 days, some 100,000 people across the country were dislocated, while Oxfam said that more than 10 million Yemenis did not have enough food to eat, in addition to 850,000 half-starved children. Over 13 million civilians were without access to clean water.[454]

A medical aid boat brought 2.5 tonnes of medicine to Aden on 8 April 2015.[455] A UNICEF plane loaded with 16 tonnes of supplies landed in Sanaa on 10 April.[456] The United Nations announced on 19 April 2015 that Saudi Arabia promised to provide $273.7 million in emergency humanitarian aid to Yemen. The UN appealed for the aid, saying 7.5 million people had been affected by the conflict and many were in need of medical supplies, potable water, food, shelter, and other forms of support.[457]

On 12 May 2015, Oxfam warned that the five days a humanitarian ceasefire was scheduled to last would not be sufficient to fully address Yemen's humanitarian crisis.[340] It has also been said that the Houthis are collecting a war tax on goods. The political analyst Abdulghani al-Iryani affirmed that this tax is: "an illegal levy, mostly extortion that is not determined by the law and the amount is at the discretion of the field commanders".[458]

As the war dragged on through the summer and into the fall, things were made far worse when Cyclone Chapala, the equivalent of a category 2 Hurricane,[459] made landfall on 3 November 2015. According to the NGO Save the Children, the destruction of healthcare facilities and a healthcare system on the brink of collapse as a result of the war will cause an estimated 10,000 preventable child deaths annually. Some 1,219 children have died as a direct result of the conflict thus far. Edward Santiago, the NGO's Yemen director, asserted in December 2016:[460]

Even before the war tens of thousands of Yemeni children were dying of preventable causes. But now, the situation is much worse and an estimated 1,000 children are dying every week from preventable killers like diarrhea, malnutrition, and respiratory tract infections.

In March 2017, the World Food Program reported that while Yemen was not yet in a full-blown famine, 60% of Yemenis, or 17 million people, were in "crisis" or "emergency" food situations.[461]

In June 2017, a cholera epidemic resurfaced which was reported to be killing a person an hour in Yemen by mid June.[462] News reports in mid June stated that there had been 124,000 cases and 900 deaths and that 20 of the 22 provinces in Yemen were affected at that time.[463] UNICEF and WHO estimated that, by 24 June 2017, the total cases in the country exceeded 200,000, with 1,300 deaths.[464] 77.7% of cholera cases (339,061 of 436,625) and 80.7% of deaths from cholera (1,545 of 1,915) occurred in Houthi-controlled governorates, compared to 15.4% of cases and 10.4% of deaths in government-controlled governorates, since Houthi-controlled areas have been disproportionately affected by the conflict, which has created conditions conducive to the spread of cholera.[465]

On 7 June 2018, it was reported that the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) had pulled 71 of its international staff out of Yemen, and moved the rest of them to Djibouti, with some 450 ICRC employees remaining in the country. The partial evacuation measure came on the eve of an ICRC worker, a Lebanese national, being killed on 21 April by unknown gunmen in the southwestern city of Taiz. The ICRC stated, "our current activities have been blocked, threatened and directly targeted in recent weeks, and we see a vigorous attempt to instrumentalize our organization as a pawn in the conflict." In light of the serious security deterioration for ICRC personnel, the international organization has called for all parties of the conflict "to provide it with concrete, solid and actionable guarantees so that it can continue working in Yemen." Since the beginning of the conflict, more than 10,000 people have been killed and at least 40,000 wounded, mostly from air raids.[466]

The International Rescue Committee stated in March that at least 9.8 million people in Yemen were acutely in need of health services. The closure of Sanaʽa and Riyan airports for civilian flights and the limited operation of civilian airplanes in government-held areas, made it impossible for most to seek medical treatment abroad. The cost of tickets provided by Yemenia, Air Djibouti and Queen Bilqis Airways, also put traveling outside Yemen out of reach for many.[467][468]

The United Nations Development Programme published a report in September 2019 that said if the war continues, Yemen will become the poorest country in the world, with 79% of the population living below the poverty line and 65% in extreme poverty by 2022.[469]

On 3 December 2019, the International Day of Person's with Disabilities, Amnesty International released a report highlighting how the almost 5-year old Yemen war has left millions of people living with disabilities and excluded from medical attention. The armed conflict led by Saudi Arabia and UAE as part of the former's coalition in the Arab nation against Houthis and terror groups, has given birth to the worst humanitarian crisis, as stated by the United Nations.[470]

Humanitarian aid provided to Houthi-controlled Yemen will be scaled-down in March 2020 because donors doubt if it's actually reaching the people in need, UN official said.[471]

In June 2020, the UNHCR said that following more than five years of war in Yemen, more than 3.6 million people have been forced to flee their homes, while 24 million are in dire need of aid. The group also informed that a significant gap in funding has been recorded with only US$63 million received thus far, while at least US$211.9 million is needed to run the operations in 2020.[472]

On 2 July 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that detainees at Aden's Bir Ahmed facility were facing serious health risks from the rapidly spreading coronavirus pandemic. The informal detention facility, controlled by Yemeni authorities affiliated with the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, is grossly overcrowded and was deprived of health care facilities.[473]

The World Food Programme (WFP) projected in March 2021 that if the Saudi-led blockade and war continues, more than 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 years old could die from acute malnutrition before the end of the year as the blockade devastates nation.[474][475][476]

War crime accusations

Destroyed house in the south of Sanaa, 13 June 2015

According to Farea Al-Muslim, direct war crimes have been committed during the conflict; for example, an IDP camp was hit by a Saudi airstrike, while Houthis have sometimes prevented aid workers from giving aid.[477] The UN and several major human rights groups discussed the possibility that war crimes may have been committed by Saudi Arabia during the air campaign.[478]

Human Rights Watch (HRW) wrote that the Saudi-led air campaign that began on 26 March 2015, had "conducted airstrikes in apparent violation of the laws of war, such as the March 30 attack on a displaced person camp in Mazraq, northern Yemen, that struck a medical facility and a market". HRW also said that the Houthis had "unlawfully deployed forces in densely populated areas and used excessive force against peaceful protesters and journalists". In addition, HRW said that by providing logistical and intelligence assistance to coalition forces, "the United States may have become a party to the conflict, creating obligations under the laws of war".[479] Other incidents noted by HRW that had been deemed as "indiscriminate or disproportionate" or "in violation of the laws of war" were: a strike on a dairy factory outside the Red Sea port of Hodaida (31 civilian deaths);[480] a strike that destroyed a humanitarian aid warehouse of the international aid organization Oxfam in Saada;[481] the Saudi Arabia-led coalition's blockade of Yemen which kept out fuel desperately needed for the Yemeni population's survival.[482]

Amnesty International said that several Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes, documented by it, hit five densely populated areas (Saada, Sanaa, Hodeidah, Hajjah and Ibb), and "raise concerns about compliance with the rules of international humanitarian law".[483][484] Amnesty International added, that according to its research, at least 139 people, including at least 97 civilians (33 of whom were children) were killed during these strikes, and 460 individuals were injured (at least 157 whom were civilians).[483] HRW also said that pro-Houthi fighters may have committed war crimes when two women were killed in Yemen and aid workers were arrested for two weeks.[485]

U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes van der Klaauw, said that air strikes by the Saudi-led coalition on Sa'ada city in Yemen, where many civilians were trapped, were in breach of international humanitarian law, despite calls for civilians to leave the area. Scores of civilians were reportedly killed and thousands forced to flee their homes after the Saudi-led coalition declared the entire governorate a military target, he said.[486][487] Van der Klaauw also said that coalition strikes had targeted schools and hospitals, in breach of international law,[488]

Yemeni capital Sanaa after airstrikes, 9 October 2015

A group of 17 aid agencies working in Yemen condemned the growing intensity of airstrikes in the north of Yemen on 8 and 9 May 2015. Save the Children's Country Director in Yemen, Edward Santiago, said that the "indiscriminate attacks after the dropping of leaflets urging civilians to leave Sa'ada raises concerns about the possible pattern being established in breach of International Humanitarian Law".[489] Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor has claimed that Houthi militias in alliance with the militants of exiled former president Ali Abdullah Saleh killed purposely at least 22 civilians in Taiz. According to eyewitnesses, the militants launched Katyusha rockets targeting the markets and residential neighborhoods in the center of Taiz. As a result, many civilians were killed and wounded. On the other hand, local media belonging to Houthi militias have denied such accusation, accusing Saudi and ISIL for committing these attacks.[490]

In December 2015, HRW claimed that six "unlawful airstrikes" were carried out in the capital by the Saudi-led coalition in September and October, which killed 60 civilians. They also criticized the United States, a party to the conflict, for refusing to investigate the attacks.[491] In January 2016, local sources in the Yemeni capital of Sanaʽa reported that a Saudi-led coalition airstrike targeted the Noor Center for the Blind.[citation needed] On 8 October 2016, a Saudi-led airstrike on a funeral ceremony that killed roughly 100 people and injured 500, including children. HRW is calling the attack an apparent war crime.[492]

In November 2017, U.S. Senator Chris Murphy accused the United States of complicity in war crimes and the humanitarian crisis on the Senate floor, stating "there is a humanitarian catastrophe inside this country – that very few people in this nation can locate on a map – of absolutely epic proportion. This humanitarian catastrophe – this famine … is caused, in part, by the actions of the United States of America."[493] In August 2018 the headline of article on Foreign Policy magazine was "America in committing war crimes in Yemen and it doesn't even know why."[494] British researcher Alex de Waal has found that the "responsibility for Yemen goes beyond Riyadh and Abu Dhabi to London and Washington. Britain has sold at least £4.5 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia and £500 million to the UAE since the war began. The US role is even bigger: Trump authorized arms sales to the Saudis worth $110 billion last May. Yemen will be the defining famine crime of this generation, perhaps this century."[495] In July 2017, and after a challenge mounted by human rights campaigners against ministers who the campaigners accused of "acting illegally by not suspending weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, the UK High Court ruled that the government arms sales were lawful."[496]

On 28 August 2018, at a Pentagon news conference in Washington, US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said that the US would continue to support the Saudi-led coalition. In spite of a commitment by Saudi that "everything humanly possible" would be done and no damage to innocent lives would be caused, the increased civilian casualties in the Yemen war remain unexplained.[497] UN's first report after the coalition claims this to be the world's worst humanitarian crisis, where more than 10,000 have been killed. The report also claims that the governments of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, may be responsible for war crimes, such as rape, torture, and use of child soldiers.[498]

In July 2019, a large shipment of Australian-built remote weapons systems was exported from Sydney airport. The Guardian reported that the shipment was purchased by the governments of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[499] In August 2019, human rights groups urged Australia to suspend the arms sales to the two countries that have been “waging the bloody war in Yemen”. The United Nations confirmed deaths and injuries of 17,700 civilians, in addition to the increasing humanitarian crisis and displacements.[500]

On 3 August 2019, the United Nations investigators said the US, UK, and France may potentially be complicit in committing war crimes in Yemen by selling weapons to the Saudi-led coalition which is deliberately using starvation against the civilian population as a tactic of warfare.[501][502]

On 7 October 2019, Yemeni health officials said an explosive device blasted in Wadi Nakhla, Hudaydah, killing at least four children, and wounding two others. The officials blamed Houthi rebels for the blast.[503]

In February 2019, an exclusive investigation led by CNN reported the violation of the US arms agreement with the UAE and Saudi Arabia. According to the report, Saudi Arabia and its coalition partners, including UAE, transferred US-made weapons to fighters associated to extremist and terrorist groups like al Qaeda, Salafi militias, and other extremist factions fighting in Yemen, violating Saudi-led coalition's agreement with the United States.[504]

In November 2019, US State Department and Pentagon assigned teams to visit the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia to probe into CNN's conclusion claiming that American-made weapons are being transferred for use by the separatist militias and rebel fighters in Yemen.[505]

In February 2020, British law firm, Stoke White appealed the authorities in Britain, the U.S., and Turkey to arrest senior officials from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for allegedly carrying out acts of war crimes and torture in Yemen. The complaints were lodged under the provision of ‘universal jurisdiction’, wherein the nations must probe breaches of the Geneva Convention for possible war crimes.[506]

In March 2020, the Saudi military forces fighting insurgents and Houthi rebel groups in the Yemeni civil war, was accused of carrying out abuse of Yemeni civilians in the country's remote eastern province, al-Mahrah. The Saudi-backed Yemeni forces and Saudi's own military forces have been accused by the Human Rights Watch of carrying out serious abuse of human rights in the proxy war ongoing since 2015, by arbitrarily arresting, torturing, and illegally transferring detainees to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[507][508]

On 21 June 2020, The Guardian reported that after a strong campaign against arms trade in the UK in 2019, a court of appeal listed supply of arms to Saudi Arabia as unlawful. However, the UK government allegedly continued the arms supply to Saudi Arabia and ignored the landmark ruling that declared it unlawful.[509]

On 30 June 2020, the Yemeni human rights group Mwatana reported hundreds of cases of forced disappearance, torture, and killing in secret prisons in Yemen. The reports documented the cases from May 2016 to April 2020 and revealed more than 1,600 cases of arbitrary detentions, 770 forced disappearances, 344 cases of torture and at least 66 deaths in unofficial detention centers have been recorded. Further bifurcating it said that the UAE-backed forces are responsible for 327 disappearances, 141 cases of torture, and 25 deaths in detention, while the Saudi-backed Yemeni government bears the responsibility for 65 cases of torture and more than two dozen deaths.[510]

The United Nations confirmed that an airstrike hit the northern province of Yemen on 6 August 2020, which led to an undocumented, but a large number of civilian casualties. The health minister of Yemen's Houthi-controlled area confirmed that 9 children were among those killed, while 12 children and women were injured in the airstrike carried out by the Saudi-led coalition.[511]

On 14 September 2020, Human Rights Watch (HRW) wrote that Houthis have a “particularly egregious record of obstructing aid agencies from reaching civilians in need”.[512]

On 17 September 2020, a coalition of 39 human rights organizations signed a letter urging Canada Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to end arms exports to Saudi Arabia, which has committed war crimes in the Yemen war. The letter came after a United Nations panel listed Canada among the countries helping in fueling the war.[513]

An investigation led by the Sky News disclosed the evidence of a 12 July 2020 air-strike that hit northern Yemen. It was reportedly carried out by the Saudi-led coalition backed by the United Kingdom and the United States government. The air-strike hit a family home, killing nine people, which included six children and three women. The investigators found fragments of the bomb and some of the shrapnel which seemed to be the part of a GBU-12, 500lb fin-guided bomb, manufactured in the United States of America. The Joint Incidents Assessment Team is still investigating the attack.[514]

According to the official statistics released on 6 October 2020 by the Department for International Trade (DIT), British manufacturers have exported arms to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia worth about £11bn in 2019. The export took place despite a halt on the sale of weapons to Saudi Arabia, for their potential use in Yemen where the Saudi-led coalition has committed multiple counts of war crimes.[515] Britain ranked on the second number after the United States, which tops the list. As of 10 October 2020, the Britain sales were reported to have exceeded, with the UK issuing almost one record average of arms license to Saudi Arabia per day.

Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates hired child soldiers from Sudan (especially from Darfur), and Yemen to fight against Houthis during the civil war.[516][517][518]

British SAS special forces are allegedly involved in training child soldiers in Yemen. Reportedly at least 40% of soldiers fighting for the Saudi-led coalition are children.[519]

Saudi Arabia is also hiring Yemeni child soldiers to guard the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border against Houthis.[520]

In June 2019, Mike Pompeo, the US secretary of state, has blocked the inclusion of Saudi Arabia on the US list of countries that recruit child soldiers, dismissing his experts’ findings that a Saudi-led coalition has been using children in Yemen's civil war.[521]

Refugees

Djibouti, a small country in the Horn of Africa across the Bab-el-Mandeb strait from Yemen, has received an influx of refugees since the start of the campaign.[243][522][523] Refugees also fled from Yemen to Somalia, arriving by sea in Somaliland and Puntland starting 28 March.[524][525] On 16 April 2015, 2,695 refugees of 48 nationalities were reported to have fled to Oman in the past two weeks.[526]

According to Asyam Hafizh, an Indonesian student who was studying in Yemen, Al-Qaeda of Yemen has rescued at least 89 Indonesian civilians who were trapped in the conflict. Later on he arrived in Indonesia and he told his story to local Media.[527] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported in August 2015 that a total of almost 100,000 people fled Yemen, especially to regional countries, like Saudi Arabia and Djibouti.[528] In September 2016, UNHCR estimated displacement of 2.4 million Yemenis within the country and 120,000 seeking asylum.[529]

In 2018, 500 refugees fleeing the civil war in Yemen came to Jeju Island, causing unease among the residents of Jeju Island.[530][531][532][533][534][535]

According to the International Organisation for Migration, despite the dangerous situation, nearly 150,000 migrants from Ethiopia arrived in Yemen in 2018, most of whom were on their way to Saudi Arabia in search of employment.[536]

In October 2019, Kuwait donated $12 million to the UNHCR to support its humanitarian programs in Yemen. Salvatore Lombardo, Chief of Staff at office of the UNHCR, said that the donation will be allocated to address the issues of Yemen's internally displaced persons (IDPs).[537]

Evacuation of foreign nationals from Yemen

Registration of Indian citizens evacuating from Yemen in March 2015

The Royal Saudi Navy evacuated diplomats and United Nations staff from Aden to Jeddah on 28 March 2015 as the Houthis targeted the city.[538]

Pakistan dispatched two special PIA flights to evacuate from Aden some 500 stranded Pakistanis on 29 March 2015.[539] Several UN staff members and Arab diplomats were also evacuated following the airstrikes.[540]

The Indian government responded by deploying ships and planes to Yemen to evacuate stranded Indians. India began evacuating its citizens from Aden on 2 April by sea.[541] An air evacuation of Indian nationals from Sanaa to Djibouti started on 3 April, after the Indian government obtained permission to land two Airbus A320s at the Houthi-controlled airport.[542] The Indian Armed Forces carried out rescue operation codenamed Operation Raahat and evacuated more than 4640 overseas Indians in Yemen along with 960 foreign nationals of 41 countries.[543] The Sanaa air evacuation ended on 9 April 2015 while the Aden evacuation by sea ended on 11 April 2015.[544] The United States did not undertake an evacuation of private U.S. citizens from the country,[545] but some Americans (as well as Europeans) took part in an evacuation organized by the Indian government.[546]

A Chinese missile frigate docked in Aden on 29 March to evacuate Chinese nationals.[547] The ship reportedly deployed soldiers ashore on 2 April to guard the evacuation of civilians from the city.[548] Hundreds of Chinese and other foreign nationals were safely evacuated aboard the frigate in the first operation of its kind carried out by the Chinese military.[549] The Philippines announced that 240 Filipinos that had grouped in Sanaa were evacuated across the Saudi border to Jizan, before boarding flights to Riyadh and then to Manila.[550]

The Malaysian government deployed two Royal Malaysian Air Force C-130 aircraft to evacuate their citizens from the safe airports in Djibouti and Dubai.[551] From Aden they were recuperated first by sea,[552] and there were many in Hadhramaut Governorate.[551] On 15 April, around 600 people were evacuated to Malaysia, also comprising citizens of other Southeast Asian countries such as 85 Indonesians, 9 Cambodians, 3 Thais and 2 Vietnamese.[552]

The Indonesian Air Force also sent a Boeing 737-400 and a chartered aircraft to evacuate Indonesian citizens. Indonesians remained in Tarim, Mukallah, Aden, Sanaa and Hudaydah.[553]

The Ethiopian Foreign Ministry said it would airlift its citizens out of Yemen if they requested to be evacuated.[554] There were reportedly more than 50,000 Ethiopian nationals living and working in Yemen at the outbreak of hostilities.[555] More than 3,000 Ethiopians registered to evacuate from Yemen, and as of 17 April, the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry had confirmed 200 evacuees to date.[556]

Throughout April Russian military forces evacuated more than 1,000 people of various nationalities, including primarily Russian citizens, on at least nine flights to Chkalovsky Airport, a military air base near Moscow. In early April around 900 had come from Houthi-controlled Sanaa, and the balance from Aden.[557]

The UNSC Resolution 2216 was then agreed on 14 April 2015.[558]

Impact on citizens

Children and women

Code Pink anti-war activists protest U.S. Senators supporting Saudi-U.S. arms deals, December 2017

Yemeni refugee women and children are extremely susceptible to smuggling and human trafficking.[559] NGOs report that vulnerable populations in Yemen were at increased risk for human trafficking in 2015 because of ongoing armed conflict, civil unrest, and lawlessness. Migrant workers from the Somalia who remained in Yemen during this period suffered from increased violence, and women and children became most vulnerable to human trafficking. Prostitution on women and child sex workers is a social issue in Yemen. Citizens of other gulf states are beginning to be drawn into the sex tourism industry. The poorest people in Yemen work locally and children are commonly sold as sex slaves abroad. While this issue is worsening, the plight of Somali's in Yemen has been ignored by the government.[560]

Children are recruited between the ages of 13 and 17, and as young as 10 years old into armed forces despite a law against it in 1991. The rate of militant recruitment in Yemen increases exponentially. According to an international organization, between 26 March and 24 April 2015, armed groups recruited at least 140 children.[561] According to the New York Times report, 1.8 million children in Yemen are extremely subject to malnutrition in 2018.[562]

Both the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthis were blacklisted by the UN over the deaths of children during the war. In 2016 Saudi Arabia was removed from the list after alleged pressure from Gulf countries who threatened to withdraw hundreds of millions of dollars in assistance to the UN, the decision was criticized by human rights groups and the coalition added again in 2017 and was accused of killing or injuring 683 children, and attacking many of schools and hospitals in 38 confirmed attacks, while the Houthis were accused of being responsible for 414 child casualties in 2016.[563][564][565]

In mid-May 2019, a series of Saudi/Emirati-led airstrikes hit Houthi targets on the outskirts of Sanaa. One of the airstrikes destroyed several homes, killing five civilians and injuring more than 30. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, while 4,800 of about 7,000 civilian fatalities have been caused by the Saudi-led coalition since 2016, the Houthis are accountable for 1,300 civilian deaths.[566]

According to UNICEF, two million children have dropped out of school in Yemen since the conflict began in March 2015. The education of other 3.7 million children is uncertain as the teachers have not received salaries in the last two years.[567]

On 9 October 2019, children's advocacy group, Save the Children warned of a significant rise in cholera cases in northern Yemen. The crisis caused by increase in fuel shortages has affected several thousand children and their families.[568]

Between October 2016 and August 2019, over 2,036,960 suspected cholera cases were reported in Yemen, including 3,716 related deaths (fatality rate of 0.18%).[569]

The seasonal flu virus in Yemen has claimed more than 270 lives since October 2019. Poor medical facilities and widespread poverty in Yemen due to the war waged by Saudi-led coalition and Houthis have led to the deaths of many infected patients in their homes.[570]

On 15 June 2020, the Saudi-led coalition killed 13 civilians including four children. An airstrike struck a vehicle carrying civilians in Saada, Yemen.[571]

On 16 June 2020, the United Nations removed the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen war from an annual blacklist of parties violating children's rights. The decision was taken despite the UN finding that the coalition operations killed or injured nearly 222 children in Yemen, in 2019. The Saudi-led coalition's removal from the blacklist leaves Yemeni children vulnerable to future attacks.[572]

As of March 2020, the Jewish Cemetery in Aden was destroyed; as of April 2020, the fate of the last 50 Jews in Yemen was reported to be unknown.[573] On 13 July 2020 it is reported that the Houthi Militia is capturing the last Jews of Yemen of the Kharif District.[574] On 16 July 2020, 5 Jews were allowed to leave Yemen by the Houthi leaving 33 Jews in the Country[575] In July 2020, the Mona Relief reported on their Website that as of 19 July 2020, of the Jewish Population in Yemen there were only a "handful" of Jews in Sanaa[576] On 29 March 2021, the Iranian-backed Houthi government deported the last remaining Yemenite Jews to Egypt, ending the continuous presence of a community that dated back to antiquity.[577]

Education

The civil war in Yemen severely impacted and degraded the country's education system. The number of children who are out of school increased to 1.8 million in 2015–2016 out of more than 5 million registered students, according to the 2013 statistics released by the Ministry of Education.[578] Moreover, 3600 schools are directly affected; 68 schools are occupied by armed groups, 248 schools have severe structural damage, and 270 are used to house refugees. The Yemen government has not been able to improve this situation due to limited authority and manpower.

Some of the education system's problems include: not enough financial resources to operate schools and salaries of the teachers, not enough materials to reconstruct damaged schools, and lack of machinery to print textbooks and provide school supplies. These are caused by the unstable government that cannot offer enough financial support since many schools are either damaged or used for other purposes.

Due to warfare and destruction of schools, the education ministry, fortunately, was able to send teams to oversee primary and secondary schools' final exam in order to give students 15–16 school year certificates.[578] Currently, UNICEF is raising money to support students and fix schools damaged by armed conflicts.

Residential condition

The Yemeni quality of life is affected by the civil war and people have suffered enormous hardships. Although mines are banned by the government, Houthi forces placed anti-personnel mines in many parts of Yemen including Aden.[579] Thousands of civilians are injured when they accidentally step on mines; many lose their legs and injure their eyes. It is estimated that more than 500,000 mines have been laid by Houthi forces during the conflict. The pro-Hadi Yemen Army was able to remove 300,000 Houthi mines in recently captured areas, including 40,000 mines on the outskirts of Marib province, according to official sources.[580]

In addition, the nine-country coalition led by Saudi Arabia launched many airstrikes against Houthi forces; between March 2015 and December 2018 more than 4600 civilians have been killed and much of the civilian infrastructure for goods and food production, storage, and distribution has been destroyed.[581][582] Factories have ceased production and thousands of people have lost their jobs. Due to decreased production, food, medicines, and other consumer staples have become scarce. The prices of these goods have gone up and civilians can no longer afford them for sustenance.

The United Nations representative Baroness Amos, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, said on 2 April 2015 that she was "extremely concerned" about the fate of civilians trapped in fierce fighting, after aid agencies reported 519 people killed and 1,700 injured in two weeks. The UN children's agency reported 62 children killed and 30 injured and also children being recruited as soldiers.[583]

Russia called for "humanitarian pauses" in the coalition bombing campaign, bringing the idea before the United Nations Security Council in a 4 April emergency meeting.[584] However, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United Nations questioned whether humanitarian pauses would be the best way of delivering humanitarian assistance.[585]

On 14 April 2015, the United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution placing sanctions on Abdul-Malik al-Houthi and Ahmed Ali Saleh, establishing an arms embargo on the Houthis, and calling on the Houthis to withdraw from Sanaʽa and other areas they seized.[586] The Houthis condemned the UN resolution and called for mass protests.[587]

Jamal Benomar, the UN envoy to Yemen who brokered the deal that ended Ali Abdullah Saleh's presidency during the 2011–12 revolution, resigned on 15 April.[588] Mauritanian diplomat Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, formerly the head of the UN's Ebola response mission, was confirmed as the new UN Envoy to Yemen on 25 April.[589] The Panel of Experts on Yemen mandated by the Security Council, UN submitted a 329-page report to the latter's president on 26 January 2018 denouncing the UAE, the Yemeni government and the Houthis for torturing civilians in the Yemeni conflict.[590]

In December 2018, UN-sponsored talks between the Houthis and the Saudi-backed government were expected to start. The UN also started using its jets to carry wounded Houthi fighters out of the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, to Oman, paving the way for planned peace talks after nearly four years of civil war.[591]

According to United Nations, more than 3.6 million Yemenis have been displaced in the 5-year-old conflict. The World Food Programme, which feeds more than 12 million Yemenis needs more funding to continue the ongoing operations and ramp back up operations in the north. Without funding, 30 of 41 major aid programmes in Yemen would close in the next few weeks.[592]

On 27 September 2020, the United Nations announced that the Iran-backed Houthi rebels and the Hadi government supported by the Saudi-led military coalition, agreed to exchange about 1,081 detainees and prisoners related to the conflict as part of a release plan reached in early 2020. The deal stated the release of 681 rebels along with 400 Hadi government forces, which included fifteen Saudis and four Sudanese. The deal was finalized after a week-long meeting held in Glion, Switzerland, co-chaired by UN Special Envoy for Yemen, Martin Griffiths. The prisoner-swap deal was done by the UN during 2018 peace talks in Sweden and both parties were agreed on several measures including the cease-fire in the strategic port city of Hodeida. A prisoner swap deal was made as part of the 2018 peace talks held in Sweden. However, the implementation of the plan clashed with military offensives from Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition, which aggravated the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, leaving millions suffering medical and food supply shortages.[593]

On 4 April 2015, the International Committee of the Red Cross called for a 24-hour ceasefire to deliver aid and supplies after the Saudi-led coalition blocked three aid shipments to Yemen.[303][594] On 5 April, Reuters quoted a Houthi leader as saying the group would be willing to sit down for peace talks if the airstrikes stopped and a neutral party acted as mediator.[595] On 7 April, China added its support of a ceasefire in Yemen, following an appeal by the ICRC and Russia for a humanitarian pause.[596]

Despite Saudi Arabia asking for Pakistan's support to join the coalition,[597] the Pakistan government also called for a ceasefire in order to help negotiate a diplomatic solution.[598] Alongside Turkey, Pakistan has taken initiatives to arrange a ceasefire in Yemen.[599] According to analysis written in U.S. News, Pakistan's strategic calculations firmly believes that if the Saudis enter into a ground war in Yemen – with or without Pakistani military – it will become a stalemate; therefore, Pakistan is increasing its efforts to potentially help engineer a face-saving solution to achieve a ceasefire and end the war.[597]

On 12 April, Saudi Arabia rejected Iran's request about a ceasefire in Yemen. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal said in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, at a news conference with his French counterpart Laurent Fabius, that "Saudi Arabia is a responsible for establishing legitimate government in Yemen and Iran should not interfere."[600] Australia called for the ceasefire in Yemen, because of the civilian casualties numbers.[601] On 16 April, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon requested an immediate ceasefire in Yemen. Also he said all parties must stop war as soon as possible.[602]

Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif submitted four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations. In this letter he pointed to enormous civilian casualties and destruction of civilian infrastructure. He said the only way to stop the war is to require that Yemeni parties form a national unity government without any foreign military intervention.[603] Furthermore, since 21 April 2016, peace talks have started in Kuwait at the Bayan Palace.[604] In June 2015, a solution to ending the Saudi intervention in Yemen sought the participation of a Yemeni delegation to the Geneva peace talks; the delegation came under attack in the Geneva peace talks.[605]

On 10 April 2016, cease fire agreement reached in Yemen, after months of negotiation,[606] but peace talks were suspended on 6 August.[607]

A second Yemeni ceasefire attempt on 21 November 2016, collapsed within 48 hours.[608]

The U.S. and U.K. have put immense pressure on Saudi Arabia following the bombing campaign in Yemen and the brutal killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post journalist. On 30 October 2018, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said "It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction." Pompeo emphasized that the Houthi rebels must stop firing missiles at Saudi and the UAE, but he also added that "subsequently, coalition airstrikes must cease in all populated areas in Yemen," aiming at Saudi Arabia.[609] Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said all the parties involved in the war need to take part in peace talks initiated by the UN within 30 days.[610] On 10 November 2018, the U.S. announced it would no longer refuel coalition aircraft operating over Yemen. The Saudi-led coalition issued a statement confirming the decision, saying the cessation of aerial refueling was made at the request of the coalition due to improvements in their own refueling capabilities. The move was expected to have minimal impact on the Saudi effort.[611] The U.S. still provides support for the Saudi-led intervention via weapons sales and intelligence sharing.[612]

Many U.S. senators were upset with Trump's response on the murder of Khashoggi. The disapproval of the Trump administration's support then took another turn as U.S. senators advanced a motion to withdraw American support from the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. The senators voted 63–37 to take forward the bipartisan motion, giving a severe blow to Trump administration, which was in favor of Saudi Arabia.[613]

On 13 March 2019, the U.S. Senate voted 54–46 in favor of ending U.S. support for the Saudi-led war in Yemen and called on the President to revoke U.S. forces from the Saudi-led coalition.[614]

In July 2020, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he would be prepared to mediate between the hostile parties in Yemen to end the war.[615]

Armed Houthis ransacked Al Jazeera's news bureau in Sanaʽa on 27 March 2015, amid Qatar's participation in the military intervention against the group. The Qatar-based news channel condemned the attack on its bureau.[616] On 28 March, Ali Abdullah Saleh stated neither he nor anyone in his family would run for president, despite recent campaigning by his supporters for his son Ahmed to seek the presidency. He also called on Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi to step down as president and said new elections should be held.[617]

Rumors about Saleh's whereabouts swirled during the conflict. Foreign Minister Riad Yassin, a Hadi loyalist, claimed on 4 April that Saleh left Yemen aboard a Russian aircraft evacuating foreign nationals from Sanaa International Airport.[618] Later in the month, Saleh reportedly asked the Saudi-led coalition for a "safe exit" for himself and his family, but the request was turned down.[619]

King Salman reshuffled the Saudi cabinet on 28 April, removing Prince Muqrin as his designated successor. The Saudi royal palace said Muqrin had asked to step down, without giving a reason, but media speculation was that Muqrin did not demonstrate sufficient support for the Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen.[620] A spokesman for Yemen's exiled government told Reuters on 29 April that the country would officially seek membership in the Gulf Cooperation Council.[621] Media reports have noted that the civil war has reached nearly all of Yemen, with one notable exception being the remote Indian Ocean archipelago of Socotra,[622] where the war spread due to the South Yemen insurgency in 2017.[623]

On 30 September 2019, Houthi rebels released 290 Yemeni prisoners in a move, stated by the United Nations as a revival of peace process, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said.[624]

In early 2020, news emerged that an Attar statue which was smuggled from a temple in Maryamah, Hadhramaut Governorate, was later owned by Qatari royals to be exhibited at the Château de Fontainebleau in 2018, then, a year later, at the Tokyo National Museum (TNM).[625][626]

In August 2020, confidential Saudi documents revealed the kingdom's strategy in Yemen. The 162 pages of classified Saudi documents dates back prior to 2015. The pages showed the kingdom's inaction in stopping the Houthis from capturing Sanaa, despite Saudi intelligence reports. The records also exposed that Saudi Arabia hampered German and Qatari reconstruction efforts in Saada after a ceasefire had largely terminated years of fighting between the Houthis and the government in 2010.[627]

In September 2020, the United Nations announced a swap of "1081 conflict-related prisoners" between the two opponents, including Saudi and Sudanese troops fighting for the Saudi-led coalition.[628] In October 2020, two American hostages Sandra Loli and Mikael Gidada who had been captives for 16 months, were freed by the Houthi rebels in exchange for releasing 240 former Houthi combatants in Oman.[629]

In January 2021, the US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced his intentions of declaring the Houthi movement in Yemen as a “foreign terrorist organization”. Under the plan, the three leaders of Houthis, known as Ansarallah, were to be listed as Specially Designated Global Terrorists. However, it induced a fear among the diplomats and aid groups that the move would cause issues in the peace talks and in delivering aid to the Yemen crisis.[630]

On 3 March 2021, a court in Rome ordered an extension of an investigation for six months around the allegations that Saudi Arabia used Italian weapons in an October 2016 bombing campaign that killed a six-member Ahdal family. The export of Italian arms to Saudi Arabia dramatically expanded between 2014 and 2016, under the then-Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. The Italian Senator was crucially criticized for his increasing ties with Riyadh, where he attended an investment forum and even interviewed the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The investigation into Italian involvement was initiated as the fragments of the bomb were linked to RWM Italia, which is a unit of the German arms manufacturer Rheinmetall AG. The Italian export authority, Unit for the Authorizations of Armament Materials (UAMA) was also being investigated.[631]

Water

Yemen is facing one of the world's worst Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) outbreaks. The lack of governance has left Yemen without a viable water supply. Poor sanitation and the lack of clean water has had a deteriorating effect on the health of Yemenis, which is apparent through the increasing cases of cholera in Yemen since 2015. The entire country has been affected by a water shortage and the price of drinking water has more than doubled. Drinking water has become unaffordable for most Yemenis. The problem in Yemen is widespread, thus making it difficult to reduce the problem from escalating because it is hard to supply everyone on a regular basis.

The Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at UNICEF, Geert Cappelaere, has explained that the fuel shortages in Yemen have deepened the water and health crisis. The water pumping stations in Yemen have been jeopardized as they are quickly running out of fuel and over 3 million people are dependent on these water pumps which have been established through public networks. The ICRC has been working closely with vulnerable people where the resources are limited but aim to prevent the water crisis from worsening by buying 750,000 liters of diesel to provide clean water for people living in Yemen. Already a scarce commodity, the amount of water withdrawn from wells in 2016 reached unsustainable levels. The ICRC has also been working carefully with local authorities to provide water to 330,000 people in Aden. They have also installed wells nearby Aden to provide water to the neighborhood when they are experiencing shortages of water.

Water resources have been used by both sides during the war as a tactic during the conflict. Unlike other countries in the Middle East, Yemen has no rivers to depend on for water resources. In 2017, 250,¬000 people of Taiz's total population of 654,330 were served by public water supply networks. As a result of the ongoing conflict NGO's have struggled to reach the sanitation facilities due to security issues. Since the aerial bombardment, Taiz has been left in a critical situation as the current water production is not sufficient for the population.

Water availability in Yemen has decreased.[632] Water scarcity with an intrinsic geographical formation in highlands and limited capital to build water infrastructures and provision service caused a catastrophic water shortage in Yemen. Aquifer recharge rates are decreasing while salt water intrusion is increasing.[633] After the civil war began in 2015, the water buckets were destroyed significantly and price of water highly increased. Storing water capacity has been demolished by war and supply chains have been occupied by military personnel, which makes the delivery of water far more difficult. In 2015, over 15 million people need healthcare and over 20 million need clean water and sanitation—an increase of 52 percent since the intervention, but the government agencies can not afford to deliver clean water to displaced Yemeni citizens.[634]

Agriculture

The Yemen civil war resulted in a severe lack of food and vegetation. Agricultural production in the country has suffered substantially leaving Yemen to face the threat of famine. Yemen has been since UNSC resolution 2216 was approved in April 2015,[558] under blockade by land, sea, and air which has disrupted the delivery of many foreign resources to Houthi-controlled territory. In a country where 90% of the food requirements are met through imports, this blockade has had serious consequences concerning the availability of food to its citizens.[635] It is reported that out of the population of 24 million in Yemen, everyday 13 million are going hungry and 6 million are at risk of starvation.[635] In October 2016, Robert Fisk reported that there is strong evidence suggesting that the agricultural sector in Houthi-controlled territory was being deliberately destroyed by the Saudi-led coalition, thus exacerbating the food shortage and leaving the Houthis dependent solely on imports, which are difficult to obtain in view of the blockade.[636]

  • Casualty recording
  • Famine in Yemen (2016–present)
  • 2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak
  • Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen
  • Arab Spring
  • Arab Winter
  • Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
  • Saudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present)
  • Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
  • United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra
  • Volcano 1
  • Volcano H-2
  • Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
  • Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
  • Libyan Civil War (2014–present)
  • Syrian Civil War
  • Spillover of the Syrian Civil War
  • List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
  • Muna Luqman

  1. ^ Eleonora Ardemagni (19 March 2018). "Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords". IPSI. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  2. ^ "Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh?". Middle East Eye. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  3. ^ See:
    • "Exclusive: Iran Steps up Support for Houthis in Yemen's War – Sources". U.S. News & World Report. 21 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • "Arab coalition intercepts Houthi ballistic missile targeting Saudi city of Jazan". english.alarabiya.net. Al Arabiya. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • Taleblu, Behnam Ben; Toumaj, Amir (21 August 2016). "Analysis: IRGC implicated in arming Yemeni Houthis with rockets". www.longwarjournal.org. Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • Segall, Michael (2 March 2017). "Yemen Has Become Iran's Testing Ground for New Weapons". jcpa.org. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • "Exclusive: Iran steps up weapons supply to Yemen's Houthis via Oman – officials". Reuters. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017.
    • "US involvement in the Yemen war just got deeper | Public Radio International". Pri.org. 14 October 2016. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
      Kube, Courtney. "U.S. Officials: Iran Supplying Weapons to Yemen's Houthi Rebels". NBC News. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
    • Wright, Galen (1 October 2015). "Saudi-led Coalition seizes Iranian arms en route to Yemen". armamentresearch.com. Armament Research Services. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  4. ^ See:
    • Al-Abyad, Said (11 March 2017). "Yemeni Officer: 4 Lebanese 'Hezbollah' Members Caught in Ma'rib". english.aawsat.com. Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • Pestano, Andrew V. (25 February 2016). "Yemen accuses Hezbollah of supporting Houthi attacks in Saudi Arabia". www.upi.com. Sanaa, Yemen: United Press International. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • Hatem, Mohammed (24 February 2016). "Yemen Accuses Hezbollah of Helping Houthis in Saudi Border War". www.bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • "Yemen government says Hezbollah fighting alongside Houthis". www.reuters.com. Reuters. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
    • "Report: Houthi Commander Admits Iran, Hezbollah Training Fighters in Yemen". www.thetower.org. The Tower. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  5. ^ الحوثيين, مأرب برس-الحكومة العراقية تعد معسكرات لتدريب. "الحكومة العراقية تعد معسكرات لتدريب الحوثيين". مأرب برس. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  6. ^ "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". The Huffington Post. 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015. North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces.
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ a b "North Korea is hiding nukes and selling weapons, alleges confidential UN report". CNN. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019. The summary also accuses North Korea of violating a UN arms embargo and supplying small arms, light weapons and other military equipment to Libya, Sudan, and Houthi rebels in Yemen, through foreign intermediaries.
  9. ^ "Secret UN report reveals North Korea attempts to supply Houthis with weapons". Al-Arabiya. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018. The report said that experts were investigating efforts by the North Korean Ministry of Military Equipment and Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) to supply conventional arms and ballistic missiles to Yemen's Houthi group.
  10. ^ "Panel investigates North Korean weapon used in Mogadishu attack on UN compound". NK PRO. 3 March 2021.
  11. ^ Misto, Mohamad; Emre Özcan, Ethem. "Iran boosting Yemeni Houthis with Syrian fighters: Local sources". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  12. ^ "My enemy's enemy is my ally: How al-Qaeda fighters are backed by Yemen's government". Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  13. ^ "Hadi counts on Saleh kin to revive elite forces". Gulf News. 23 March 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  14. ^ a b c "Military reshuffle in Yemen aimed at tackling Saleh family". The Arab Weekly. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause". Reuters. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Believed dead, ex-president's nephew shows up in Yemen". Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  17. ^ "Republican Guard Chooses to Liberate Yemen from Houthis". Asharq al-Awsat. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Saudi Arabia Begins Air Assault in Yemen". The New York Times. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
    Felicia Schwartz, Hakim Almasmari and Asa Fitch (26 March 2015). "Saudi Arabia Launches Military Operations in Yemen". The Wall Street Journal.
  19. ^ "UNITED ARAB EMIRATES/YEMEN: Abu Dhabi gets tough with Yemen's pro-Coalition loyalists – Issue 778 dated 08/03/2017". Intelligence Online. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
    "UAE to Saudi: Abandon Yemen's Hadi or we will withdraw our troops – Middle East Monitor". Middle East Monitor. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
    "EXCLUSIVE: Yemen president says UAE acting like occupiers". Middle East Eye. 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  20. ^ "Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance". Reuters. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Egypt, Jordan, Sudan and Pakistan ready for ground offensive in Yemen: report". the globe and mail. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Yemen conflict: Saudi-led strike 'hits wrong troops'". BBC News. 17 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015. Hundreds of Sudanese troops reportedly arrived in the southern port city of Aden on Saturday, the first batch of an expected 10,000 reinforcements for the Saudi-led coalition.
  23. ^ "Sudan recalls majority of troops from Yemen war". Reuters. 24 August 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Morocco sends ground troops to fight in Yemen". Gulf News.
  25. ^ "Morocco recalls envoy to Saudi Arabia as diplomatic tensions rise". Reuters. 8 February 2019.
  26. ^ "UAE, Egypt and Saudi Arabia cut ties with Qatar". SBS. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  27. ^ a b "Use of Mercenaries by the Saudi-led Coalition to Violate Human Rights in Yemen and Impede the Exercise of the Yemeni People's Right to Self-determination". Arabian Right Watch Association. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  28. ^ Carlsen, Laura (3 December 2015). "Mercenaries in Yemen—the U.S. Connection".
  29. ^ "Almost 100 Sudanese mercenaries killed by Yemen defence – Yemen Resistance Watch". yemen-rw.org.
  30. ^ "UAE Outsourcing Yemen Aggression from Ugandan Mercenaries: Report". 16 April 2018.
  31. ^ "French troops fighting Houthis in Yemen alongside UAE forces, Le Figaro claims". Daily Sabah. 16 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  32. ^ "French Elite Forces, Saudi-led Coalition Cooperate to Fight Houthi in Yemen". Albawaba. 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  33. ^ "French special forces on the ground in Yemen: Le Figaro". Reuters. 16 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  34. ^ "Mauritania to send ground boots to Yemen, military source". www.northafricapost.com. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  35. ^ Spencer, Richard (15 January 2015). "UK military 'working alongside' Saudi bomb targeters in Yemen war". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  36. ^ a b "Senegal to support Yemen campaign". BBC News. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. The coalition includes eight Arab states. The US, the UK and France are providing logistical support.
  37. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. ^ "Yemen — and what it means for Pakistan - Daily Times". dailytimes.com.pk. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  39. ^ "Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Husi terörüne karşı Yemen'e destek verdi". turkiyegazetesi.com.tr. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  40. ^ "Ankara transfers Syrian, Turkish mercenaries to Yemen". ypagency.net. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  41. ^ "Horn of Africa States Follow Gulf into the Yemen War". Crisis Group. 25 January 2016.
  42. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com.
  43. ^ "Brothers no more: Yemen's Islah party faces collapse of Aden alliances". Middle East Eye. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  44. ^ "What is going on in southern Yemen?". Al Jazeera. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  45. ^ "A killer or a hero? Nephew of former Yemeni president divides Taiz". Middle East Eye. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  46. ^ "Is Tareq Saleh making a comeback to battle Yemen's Houthis with UAE-funded militias?". The New Arab. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  47. ^ Osama bin Javaid (28 January 2018). "Yemen: Separatists take over government headquarters in Aden". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  48. ^ "Yemen'in güneyinde çatışmalar: 'Darbe yapılıyor'". Evrensel. 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  49. ^ "Jetzt bekriegen sich auch einstige Verbündete". Tagesschau. 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  50. ^ a b "Report: Saudi-UAE coalition 'cut deals' with al-Qaeda in Yemen". Al-Jazeera. 6 August 2018.
  51. ^ "US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen". Fox News. 7 August 2018.
  52. ^ a b "Allies cut deals with al Qaeda in Yemen to serve larger fight with Iran". San Francisco Chronicle. 6 August 2018.
  53. ^ name="The Integration Of Southern Yemeni's in Aqap"> "How Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen has made al Qaeda stronger – and richer". Reuters. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  54. ^ "US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen". Fox News. 7 August 2018.
  55. ^ "US arms sold to Saudi Arabia and UAE end up in wrong hands". www.cnn.com.
  56. ^ "ISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al Qaeda". CNN. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  57. ^ "Yemeni implosion pushes southern Sunnis into arms of al-Qaeda and Isis". The Guardian. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017.
    "Desknote: The Growing Threat of ISIS in Yemen". American Enterprise Institute. 6 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  58. ^ a b "Audience Question: Did Ansar Allah Liberated 95% of al-Jawf?". Islamic World News. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  59. ^ a b "Yemen: Houthi army spokesman declares end of Jawf operation, holds 'key to Marib'". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  60. ^ Rafi, Salman (2 October 2015). "How Saudi Arabia's aggressive foreign policy is playing against itself". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  61. ^ Ryan Songalia (28 May 2015). "Mysterious junior flyweight Ali Raymi killed in Yemen". Ring TV. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  62. ^ "Yahya Hassan Al-Emad dead in Sanaa". yemen press. 8 October 2016.
  63. ^ Kamel al Matari (9 October 2016). "sources confirmed death of Ahmed Mohsen Ali Al-Harbi brother-in-law of Abdulmalik al-Houthi". alarabiya.
  64. ^ "Disclose the identity of 33 people dead in the incident consolation Rowaishan lounge .. (names + labor)". yemen-24. 8 October 2016.
  65. ^ ""Ali Aldhifeef" most prominent pro-Houthi and responsible for the fall in the Great Hall of Amran Sana'a leaders". yemen-press. 9 October 2016.
  66. ^ "Commander of the Republican Guard and the commander of the Yemeni capital, security forces among the victims of the raids that targeted a funeral in Sanaa". National Broadcasting Network. 8 October 2016.
  67. ^ a b "military leaders among the victims of the martyrs of the massacre Sanaa". Al-Alam News Network. 8 October 2016.
  68. ^ "image killing of a senior officer in uniform in the ballroom in Sana'a consolation Al Rowaishan family". gulfeyes. 8 October 2016.
  69. ^ "Al-Manar correspondent: the commander of the Republican Guard and the commander of the Yemeni Central Security Forces among the martyrs of the massacre Sanaa". Al-Manar. 8 October 2016.
  70. ^ "Yemen: Blasts hit event attended by Jalal al-Ruweishan". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017.
  71. ^ "Defense Staff Brigadier Mansour Tenaian Namran". General People's Congress. 15 October 2016.
  72. ^ "Colonel Ahmad Al-Khatib killed in airstrike in Saada". yemen press. 17 October 2016.
  73. ^ "Yemen war: Houthi political leader 'killed in air raid'". BBC. 23 April 2018.
  74. ^ "Coalition forces kill Houthi general on Saudi-Yemen border: sources". reuters. 24 September 2016. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017.
  75. ^ "Houthi militiamen carry the coffin of a senior Houthi military leader, Hashim al-Barawi, killed three days ago while fighting Saudi-backed forces". Alamy. 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  76. ^ "Houthi leader who participated in Kuwait talks killed". alarabiya. 22 October 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
  77. ^ "Brother of Houthis' top leader believed dead after air strike". The National (Abu Dhabi). 1 September 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  78. ^ "Yemen army captures Houthi militias in Marib". Al Arabiya. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
  79. ^ "Yemen army captures Houthi militia leaders in Marib". International Islamic News Agency. 5 October 2016.[permanent dead link]
  80. ^ "Clashes in southern Yemen; rebels leader's brother killed". Globe and Mail. Associated Press. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  81. ^ "DEBKAfile, Political Analysis, Espionage, Terrorism, Security". Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  82. ^ "Saudi officer killed in cross-border fire from Yemen". Al-Ahram (AFP). 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  83. ^ France-Presse, Agence (27 September 2015). "Saudi general killed on Yemen border while 'defending country', army says". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
  84. ^ a b Reuters Editorial (14 December 2015). "Two top Gulf commanders killed in Yemen rocket strike – sources". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  85. ^ "GULF TIMES". Gulf-Times. 26 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016.
  86. ^ "Mine Kills Saudi Officer On Yemen Border". Defense News. 18 June 2015.
  87. ^ "Arab coalition commander assassinated in southern Yemen". Almasdar.com. 21 September 2019.
  88. ^ "ابن ملك البحرين ربما أصيب في اليمن". As-Safir. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  89. ^ "Gunmen assassinate top army commander in Yemen's Aden". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016.
  90. ^ Mohammed Mukhashaf (22 February 2017). "Senior Yemeni general killed in Houthi missile attack | Reuters". Uk.reuters.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  91. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  92. ^ "Recordings: Houthi leaders planned general's killing". Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016.
  93. ^ "Flash – Gunmen kill Yemen intelligence officer: security source". France 24. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  94. ^ Ali, Ajaz. "Yemeni fighter buried in Jazan". Saudi Gazette. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  95. ^ a b "105 Yemeni troops, Houthis reportedly killed, injured in Marib". Debriefer. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  96. ^ "Death toll rises to 49 in attacks in Yemen's Aden". Anadolu Agency. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  97. ^ "Ex-Guantanamo detainee prominently featured in al Qaeda propaganda". The Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016.
  98. ^ a b "Saudi forces say they have captured leader of Yemen branch of Islamic State". Reuters. 25 June 2019.
  99. ^ "This Man Is The Leader In ISIS's Recruiting War Against Al-Qaeda In Yemen". Buzzfeed. 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  100. ^ "Thousands Expected to die in 2010 in Fight against Al-Qaeda". Al-Qaeda Announces Holy War against Houthis Yemen Post. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  101. ^ "Saudi Arabia launches airstrikes in Yemen". CNN. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  102. ^ a b c d e f g h "Saudi warplanes bomb Houthi positions in Yemen". Al Arabiya. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  103. ^ "AP Explains: How Emirates troop drawdown impacts Yemen's war". AP News. 25 July 2019.
  104. ^ "More Bahrain troops for Yemen". Emirates 24/7.
  105. ^ "Qatar sends 1,000 ground troops to Yemen conflict: al Jazeera". Reuters. 7 September 2015. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  106. ^ "Yemen Sunni grand alliance: Sudan commits troops as Saudi jets pound Sana'a". International Business Times UK. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  107. ^ "Sudan denies plane shot down by Yemen's Houthis". World Bulletin. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  108. ^ Arab, The New. "Yemen's Houthi rebels kill 'several Sudanese soldiers' in Taiz attack". alaraby.
  109. ^ "Sudan withdraws 10,000 troops from Yemen". Sudan Tribune. 30 October 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  110. ^ "Four Egyptian warships en route to Gulf of Aden". Al-Ahram. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  111. ^ "Egypt navy and air force taking part in military intervention in Yemen: Presidency". Al-Ahram. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  112. ^ "In Yemen War, Mercenaries Launched by Blackwater Head Were Spotted Today – Not Good News" Forbes
  113. ^ "AP Investigation: US allies, al-Qaida battle rebels in Yemen". AP News. 7 August 2018.
  114. ^ Eric Schmitt (3 March 2017). "United States Ramps up Airstrikes against Al Qaeda in Yemen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  115. ^ "Country Reports on Terrorism 2015 Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations". State.gov. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  116. ^ "Flexing New Authorities, US Military Unleashes Barrage on AQAP". Voanews.com. 3 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  117. ^ "In Yemen chaos, Islamic State grows to rival al Qaeda". Reuters. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  118. ^ a b "Arab Coalition: 83 ballistic missiles fired by Houthis toward Saudi Arabia so far". Saudi Gazette. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  119. ^ "More than 1,000 Saudi troops killed in Yemen since war began". Al Jazeera. 28 May 2018.
  120. ^ "'Yemen's war is becoming as messy as the conflict in Syria'". The Independent. 17 March 2016.
  121. ^ Mohammed Mukhashaf (28 March 2016). "Saudi-led alliance says completes Yemen prisoner swap". Reuters UK. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  122. ^ "Two pilots killed when helicopter comes down on Saudi-Yemen border – coalition". Reuters UK. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  123. ^ Wam. "Saudi warplane crashes in Yemen, pilot killed". khaleejtimes.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  124. ^ "Two Saudi pilots killed in helicopter crash: state media". Reuters. 14 September 2018.
  125. ^ "Saudi prince killed in helicopter crash". The Independent. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  126. ^ Agencies (18 April 2017). "19Saudi soldiers martyred in Yemen helicopter crash". Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  127. ^ "Two pilots killed when helicopter comes down on Saudi-Yemen border..." Reuters. 21 August 2015 – via uk.reuters.com.
  128. ^ "Houthis claim responsibility for fall of coalition plane"."Yemen's Houthi rebels 'shoot down Apache helicopter in Hodeida". Retrieved 10 June 2017.
    "Saudi military helicopter crashes in Yemen, killing 12 officers". Reuters. 18 April 2017.
  129. ^ "Two Saudi pilots killed in crash near Yemen". Al Arabiya English.
  130. ^ "Saudi Losses in Yemen War Exposed by US Tank Deal". Defense One.
  131. ^ "Two killed after Houthis attack Saudi warship". Al Arabiya English.
  132. ^ "UAE Rulers celebrate Armed Forces' efforts in Yemen". The National.
  133. ^ Wam. "Video: Two UAE fighter pilots martyred in Yemen laid to rest". khaleejtimes.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  134. ^ Mohammed Mukhashaf (14 March 2016). "UAE plane crashed in Yemen due to technical fault, pilots killed: coalition". Reuters. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  135. ^ "Funerals for four UAE soldiers killed in Yemen helicopter crash held". The National.
  136. ^ Trevithick, Joseph. "Houthi Rebels In Yemen Attacked Another UAE Ship and That's All We Know For Certain". The Drive.
  137. ^ "'The Yemen war death toll is five times higher than we think – we can't shrug off our responsibilities any longer'". The Independent. 26 October 2018.
  138. ^ "Yemen war: Houthis say Sudan troops suffering heavy casualties". www.aljazeera.com.
  139. ^ "Bahrain Defense Force mourns the martyrdom of the National Force" (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  140. ^ "Bahrain Says Three Soldiers in Yemen Coalition Killed". Naharnet.
  141. ^ "Bahrain F-16 crashes in Saudi near Yemen border after 'technical issue'". Middle East Eye.
  142. ^ "First Qatari soldier killed in Yemen". Gulf News. 11 November 2015.
  143. ^ "Three Qatari soldiers killed in Yemen". Al Arabiyah English. 13 September 2016.
  144. ^ "Saudi Coalition, Houthi Rebels Intensify Attacks In Yemen Ahead Of Proposed Ceasefire". International Business Times. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  145. ^ a b "Crash d'un F-16 marocain au Yémen: Le corps du pilote marocain pourrait avoir été repéré". The Huffington Post Maghreb. AFP. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  146. ^ "Jordan warplane crashes in Saudi, pilot survives". Gulf Times. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  147. ^ "UAE aims to wipe out Yemen Al Qaeda branch". Dawn. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  148. ^ "UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from 'indirect causes'".
  149. ^ "Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War".
  150. ^ "World Report 2021: Yemen | Human Rights Watch".
  151. ^ Saudi UN envoy decries Houthi border attacks
    Archived 6 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  152. ^ a b "Yemen war: Saudi-led air strike 'kills 26 at Saada market'". BBC News. November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  153. ^ "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Yemen". Human Rights Watch. 17 January 2019.
  154. ^ "More than 3 million displaced in Yemen – joint UN agency report". 22 August 2016. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  155. ^ "Save the Children says 85,000 kids may have died of hunger in Yemen". Associated Press.
  156. ^ CSR. "Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 25 October 2018". www.emro.who.int. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  157. ^ Orkaby, Asher (25 March 2015). "Houthi Who?". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  158. ^ Abdul-Aziz Oudah. "Yemen observer". Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  159. ^ "Yemen's president flees Aden as rebels close in". The Toronto Star. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  160. ^ a b "Saudi Arabia: Yemen's President Hadi Arrives In Saudi Capital Riyadh". The Huffington Post. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  161. ^ "Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, Yemen leader, flees country". CBS.CA. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  162. ^ Juneau, Thomas (1 May 2016). "Iran's policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment". International Affairs. 92 (3): 647–663. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12599.
  163. ^ "Yemen crisis: Why is there a war?". BBC News. 21 March 2019.
  164. ^ McKernan, Bethan (21 November 2018). "Who are the Houthis and why are they fighting the Saudi coalition in Yemen?". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  165. ^ "Hadi urges Saudi intervention to stop UAE support for separatists". www.aljazeera.com.
  166. ^ "Yemen in Crisis". Council on Foreign Relations. 8 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015.
  167. ^ "20 Killed in Saudi Airstrike in Yemen". Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  168. ^ "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says". chicagotribune.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  169. ^ "Yemen could be 'worst famine in 100 years'". BBC. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  170. ^ "Yemen: Faces of the world's forgotten war". Sky News.
  171. ^ "YEMEN WAR: NO END IN SIGHT". www.amnesty.org.
  172. ^ Saudi Arabia and al-Qaeda Unite in Yemen Archived 10 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post, "Despite the international community's condemnation of Saudi Arabia's bombing of civilian areas in Yemen, ... "
  173. ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan (27 March 2019). "Airstrike by Saudi-led coalition said to hit near Yemeni hospital, killing 8, including 5 children". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  174. ^ Gould, Joe (14 March 2019). "Senate passes resolution to end US support of Saudi Arabia in Yemen, 54–46". Defense News. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  175. ^ Gould, Joe (3 May 2019). "Senate fails to override Trump veto on Yemen military assistance". Defense News. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  176. ^ Strobel, Warren P. (27 January 2021). "Biden Re-Examining U.S. Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia, U.A.E." The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  177. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (5 February 2021). "Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen". AP News. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  178. ^ Emmons, Alex. "MONTHS AFTER BIDEN PROMISED TO END SUPPORT FOR YEMEN WAR, CONGRESS STILL HAS NO DETAILS". Intercept. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  179. ^ Barak A. Salmoni; Bryce Loidolt; Madeleine Wells (28 April 2010). Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon. Rand Corporation. p. 72. ISBN 9780833049742.
  180. ^ Farhad Daftary (2 December 2013). A History of Shi'i Islam (revised ed.). I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857735249. Since 1962, republicans in Yaman have continuously used al-Shawkani's teachings and works to undermine the past doctrines of the Zaydi imamate and Zaydi Shi'ism itself. The modern Yamani state has indeed pursued an anti-Zaydi policy in the guise of Islamic reform, drawing extensively on al-Shawkani's teachings.
  181. ^ "Yemeni forces kill rebel cleric". BBC News. 10 September 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  182. ^ "Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis". IRIN. 24 July 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  183. ^ "Debunking Media Myths About the Houthis in War-Torn Yemen · Global Voices". GlobalVoices.org. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  184. ^ Riedel, Bruce (18 December 2017). "Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  185. ^ Streuly, Dick (12 February 2015). "5 Things to Know About the Houthis of Yemen". WSJ. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  186. ^ "Yemen tells Shi'ite rebels to disband or face war". San Diego Union-Tribune. 29 January 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  187. ^ "Yemen's government, Shiite rebels negotiate end to 3-year conflict". The Seattle Times. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  188. ^ "Saudi-Houthi border fighting ends". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  189. ^ Taylor, Adam (22 January 2015). "Who are the Houthis, the group that just toppled Yemen's government?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  190. ^ "Yemen's president compares protests to 'influenza'". CNN. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  191. ^ Jubran, Jamal (5 December 2011). "Post-Saleh Yemen: A Brewing Battle between Houthis and Salafis". Al-Akhbar. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  192. ^ Hatem, Mohammed (14 February 2012). "Yemen's Houthi Rebels Vow to Boycott Presidential Elections". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  193. ^ Al-Hassani, Mohammed (23 January 2014). "HOUTHIS THROW A WRENCH IN NDC FINAL DOCUMENT". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 21 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  194. ^ a b "CABINET AND HADI RESIGN". Yemen Times. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  195. ^ Al-Moshki, Ali Ibrahim (4 September 2014). "The Houthis: From a Local Group to a National Power". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  196. ^ Watkins, Ali; Grim, Ryan; Ahmed, Akbar Shahid (20 April 2015). "Iran Warned Houthis Against Yemen Takeover". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  197. ^ Davidson, Christopher (6 October 2016). Shadow Wars: The Secret Struggle for the Middle East. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781786070029. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017.
  198. ^ "Yemen crisis: Kerry warns Iran over Houthi rebel 'support'". BBC News. 9 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  199. ^ "Iranian support seen crucial for Yemen's Houthis". Reuters. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  200. ^ خامنه‌ای خطاب به رهبران حوثی: در برابر عربستان و امارات بایستید (in Persian). Euronews. 14 August 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  201. ^ "Iran's Khamenei backs Yemen's Houthi movement, calls for dialogue". Reuters. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  202. ^ سردار شعبانی: حوثی‌ها به خواست ما دو نفتکش سعودی را زدند (in Persian). Deutschewelle. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  203. ^ اشاره یک فرمانده سپاه پاسداران به هدایت نیروهای شورشی یمن علیه عربستان؛ گفتیم و نفتکش را زدند (in Persian). VOA. 13 August 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  204. ^ a b "Eritrea denies channeling Iranian support to Houthis". The Journal of Turkish Weekly. 1 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  205. ^ "Houthi rise in Yemen raises alarm in Horn of Africa". World Bulletin. 12 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  206. ^ "North Korea has not stopped nuclear, missile program: confidential U.N. report". Reuters. 3 August 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018. The U.N report said North Korea is cooperating militarily with Syria and has been trying to sell weapons to Yemen's Houthis.
  207. ^ Wong, Kristina (6 August 2013). "Al Qaeda on rise despite U.S. support to Yemen". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  208. ^ Whitlock, Craig (17 March 2015). "Pentagon loses track of $500 million in weapons, equipment given to Yemen". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  209. ^ "Exclusive: Saudi suspends aid to Yemen after Houthi takeover – sources". Reuters. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  210. ^ "Yemen's horror exposes the deadly hypocrisy of arms exporters like the UK and the USA". www.amnesty.org. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  211. ^ "Yemen: US-made bomb used in deadly air strike on civilians", Amnesty International, retrieved 25 September 2019
  212. ^ "Review of the Department of State's Role in Arms Transfers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates" (PDF). Office of Inspector General. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  213. ^ Al-Batati, Saeed (September 2014). "Yemenis are shocked by Houthis' quick capture of Sana'a". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  214. ^ "Houthis sign deal with Sanaa to end Yemen crisis". Al Arabiya. 21 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  215. ^ Ghobari, Mohammed (21 September 2014). "Houthi rebels sign deal with Yemen parties to form new government". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  216. ^ "Held hostage". The Economist. 24 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  217. ^ Mona El-naggar (25 January 2015). "Shifting Alliances Play Out Behind Closed Doors in Yemen". New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  218. ^ "Yemen's Houthis dissolve parliament, assume power: televised statement". Reuters. 6 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  219. ^ "Yemen's Hadi flees house arrest, plans to withdraw resignation". CNN. 21 February 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  220. ^ "Yemen's Hadi says Houthis' decisions unconstitutional". Al Jazeera. 21 February 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  221. ^ "Yemen's ousted president Hadi calls for Houthis to quit capital". The Star. 22 February 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  222. ^ "Ex-Yemen leader asks President Hadi to go into exile". Al Jazeera. 10 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  223. ^ "Yemen anti-Hadi officer 'escapes assassination'". Arab Today. 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  224. ^ Hendawi, Hamza (19 March 2015). "Warplanes Bomb Presidential Palace In Yemen's Aden". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  225. ^ Al-Karimi, Khalid (23 March 2015). "SOUTHERNERS PREPARE FOR HOUTHI INVASION". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  226. ^ "Beleaguered Hadi says Aden Yemen 'capital'". Business Insider. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  227. ^ Tejas, Aditya (25 March 2015). "Yemeni President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi Flees Aden as Houthis Advance". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  228. ^ "Yemen mosque bombings 'could only be done by the enemies of life' – president". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 July 2016.
  229. ^ "Yemeni president demands Houthis quit Sanaa; U.S. evacuates remaining forces". Reuters. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  230. ^ "Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'". Deutsche Welle. 21 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  231. ^ Al-Homaid, Fareed (23 March 2015). "HOUTHIS APPOINT NEW DEFENSE MINISTER". The Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  232. ^ "Rebel Fighters Advance Into Yemen's Third-Largest City". Bloomberg L.P. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  233. ^ "Yémen: les milices houthis prennent le contrôle de l'aéroport de Taëz" (in French). RFI. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  234. ^ a b "Yémen : les rebelles chiites prennent Taëz" (in French). RTL. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  235. ^ "Houthis Seize Strategic City In Yemen, Escalating Power Struggle". The Huffington Post. 22 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  236. ^ "Q&A: Yemen's slide into civil war". Financial Times. 22 March 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  237. ^ "UN envoy: Yemen on brink of civil war". Al Jazeera. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  238. ^ Shaheen, Kareem (25 March 2015). "Yemen edges towards all-out civil war as rebels advance on city of Aden". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  239. ^ "Yemen's Houthi rebels move on strategic Gulf waterway". The National. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  240. ^ "Yemen's Ansarullah fighters enter port of Mocha, two towns in south". Iran Daily. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  241. ^ "Key waterway under threat as Houthi militiamen advance". Saudi Gazette. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  242. ^ "Saudi Coalition Hits Houthi Stronghold as Aden Battle Rages". Bloomberg L.P. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  243. ^ a b Richardson, Paul (2 April 2015). "Yemeni Rebels Strengthen Positions at Entrance to Red Sea". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  244. ^ a b "Les forces hostiles au président resserrent l'étau sur Aden" (in French). Romandie. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  245. ^ "Hadi forces check Houthi push towards Yemen's Aden". Reuters. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  246. ^ "Heavy clashes on Saudi-Yemeni border; Hadi government pleads for troops". Reuters. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  247. ^ "Pro-Houthi brigade disintegrates in Yemen's Ad Dali". World Bulletin. 1 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  248. ^ "Yemen's pro-government forces retake city from Shite rebels". The Record. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  249. ^ "Yémen : les forces hostiles au président s'emparent d'une base proche d'Aden (militaire)". L'Orient Le Jour (in French). 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  250. ^ "Yemen Air Base Formerly Used by U.S. Forces Is Seized by Houthi Rebels". The New York Times. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  251. ^ "AL-SUBAIHI CAPTURED AND LAHJ FALLS AS HOUTHIS MOVE ON ADEN". Yemen Times. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  252. ^ a b "Yemen's President Hadi Flees Houthi Rebel Advance on Aden: AP". nbcnews. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  253. ^ "Des tirs signalés à Aden, les Houthis à 20 km". L'Orient Le Jour (in French). 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  254. ^ "Yemen president's forces shell Houthi-held al-Anad base near Aden, some Houthis flee". The Jerusalem Post. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  255. ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed (26 March 2015). "Saudi airstrikes target rebel bases in Yemen". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  256. ^ Mukhashaf, Mohammed (27 March 2015). "Saudi-led campaign strikes Yemen's Sanaa, Morocco joins alliance". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  257. ^ "WRAPUP 6-Yemen Houthi rebels advance despite Saudi-led air strikes". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  258. ^ "Yemen's Houthis close in on Aden". The Daily Star. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  259. ^ "Yémen : fermeture de l'aéroport d'Aden pour des raisons de sécurité (source aéropotuaire)" (in French). L'Orient Le Jour. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  260. ^ "L'aéroport d'Aden aux mains des milices chiites" (in French). Le Figaro. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  261. ^ Aboudi, Sami (25 March 2015). "Allies of Yemen Houthis seize Aden airport, close in on president". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  262. ^ Browning, Noah (27 March 2015). "Yemen Houthi forces gain first foothold on Arabian Sea – residents". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  263. ^ "Saudi Arabia evacuates diplomats as attacks intensify in Yemen". The Washington Post. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  264. ^ "Clashes continue in Yemen's Aden as Saudis vow to push on with airstrikes". middleeasteye. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  265. ^ "Yemen crisis: Rebels storm presidential palace in Aden". 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  266. ^ "Fierce fighting as rebels move on holdouts in Yemen's Aden". Houston Chronicle. 6 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  267. ^ "Saudi Arabia-led troops in 'limited' first Yemen deployment". Hindustan Times. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  268. ^ McDowall, Angus (4 May 2015). "Yemen's foreign minister: Aden troops were Gulf-trained locals". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  269. ^ "Saudi-backed Yemeni troops and fighters control Aden". Rudaw. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  270. ^ "Yemen war: Does capture of air base mark a turning point?". BBC. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  271. ^ "Saudi Arabia confirms arrival of Sudanese troops to Yemen". Sudan Tribune. 17 October 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  272. ^ "Sudan to send 10,000 troops to join Arab forces in Yemen: report". Sudan Tribune. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  273. ^ "Yemen army commander shot dead in Aden". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016.
  274. ^ Al-Moshki, Ali Ibrahim (8 April 2015). "FIGHTING IN ABYAN GOVERNORATE CONTINUES AS ANTI-HOUTHI FORCES ADVANCE". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  275. ^ Mohammed Mukhashaf (2 December 2015). "Al Qaeda militants take over two south Yemen towns, residents say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016.
  276. ^ "Another town in southern Yemen reportedly falls to AQAP". The Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  277. ^ "Saudi Arabia asks UN to move aid workers away from rebel-held areas". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  278. ^ a b "Latest updates on Yemeni fronts in the period March 2019– March 2020". IWN.
  279. ^ "Affiliate of Al Qaeda Seizes Major Yemeni City, Driving Out the Military". The New York Times. 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  280. ^ Bacchi, Umberto (2 April 2015). "Yemen: Al-Qaeda frees 300 in al-Mukalla prison attack". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  281. ^ "Warplanes hit Yemen's Sanaa overnight, clashes in Mukalla: residents". Reuters. 5 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  282. ^ "Suspected al Qaeda militants take Yemen border post with Saudi". Reuters. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  283. ^ MOHAMED MUKASHAF. "Egypt and Saudi Arabia discuss manoeuvres as Yemen battles rage". Star Publications. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  284. ^ "Arab coalition enters AQAP stronghold in port city of Mukalla, Yemen". The Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  285. ^ Dana Ford, CNN (15 June 2015). "Top al Qaeda leader reported killed in Yemen". CNN. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  286. ^ "Houthi Offensive Continues in Yemen". Durdurnews. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  287. ^ "38 Killed as Yemen's Houthis Clash with Tribesmen in Oil Rich South". anti war. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  288. ^ "Yemen's Houthis Seize Provincial Capital Despite Saudi-Led Airstrikes". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015.
  289. ^ Reuters Editorial (1 February 2016). "Al Qaeda militants seize southern Yemeni town: residents". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 June 2017.
  290. ^ Avi Asher-Schapiro (February 2016). "Al Qaeda Is Making Serious Gains Amid Chaos of Yemen's Civil War". VICE News. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016.
  291. ^ "15 Houthis, 5 tribesmen killed in clashes in Yemen – Middle East – Worldbulletin News". World Bulletin. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  292. ^ "Attack on Ethiopian embassy in Yemen not deliberate". Sudan Tribune. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  293. ^ "Saudi-led airstrikes hit Yemen's south amid ground fighting". Boston Herald. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  294. ^ "Flash – At least 27 dead in fighting in Yemen's Taez – France 24". France 24. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015.
  295. ^ "30 killed in fighting between Hadi's forces, Houthis in Yemen's Taiz". chinagate.cn. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015.
  296. ^ "At least 76 dead in Yemen air raids, fighting". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015.
  297. ^ "Yemen militia says it is besieging rebels at strategic base". miningjournal.net. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015.
  298. ^ "Yemen rebel leader vows resistance against Saudi-led air war". AFP. 20 April 2015.
  299. ^ "170 reported dead in two weeks of fighting in Marib". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016.
  300. ^ "Yemen crisis: UAE launches fresh Yemen attacks". BBC.com. 5 September 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  301. ^ "Yemen officials say rebels have pushed pro-government troops out of southern Bayda province". U.S. News & World Report. 16 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  302. ^ Almasmari, Hakim (24 March 2015). "Yemen's Houthi Militants Extend Push Southward". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  303. ^ a b c "Arab League to discuss Yemen intervention plea on Thursday". Reuters. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  304. ^ "Saudi and Arab allies bomb Houthi positions in Yemen". Al Jazeera. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  305. ^ [1] Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  306. ^ "Saudi warplanes bomb Houthi positions in Yemen". Al Arabiya. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  307. ^ Shaheen, Kareem; Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (26 March 2015). "Gulf states consider Yemen ground offensive to halt Houthi rebel advance". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015.
  308. ^ "Saudis launch air campaign to defend Yemen government". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  309. ^ "Iran's Zarif urges immediate end to Saudi attacks on Yemen". 16 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015.
  310. ^ Mukhashaf, Mohammed (10 April 2015). "Pakistan declines Saudi call for armed support in Yemen fight". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  311. ^ "Crisis in Arabian Peninsula: Pakistan unlikely to budge on Yemen". 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  312. ^ Browning, Noah (22 April 2015). "Saudis end air campaign in Yemen, seek political solution". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  313. ^ "Saudi-led coalition launches air strikes throughout Yemen: residents". Reuters. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  314. ^ a b "The Arab coalition is making progress against extremists in Yemen". The Washington Post. 12 September 2018.
  315. ^ "AP Investigation: US allies, al-Qaida battle rebels in Yemen". The Associated Press. 7 August 2018.
  316. ^ "UAE responds to AP report on deals with al-Qaida in Yemen". Associated Press. 13 August 2018.
  317. ^ a b Trew, Bel (15 August 2018). "Inside the UAE's war on al-Qaeda in Yemen". The Independent.
  318. ^ "Pentagon denies reports of U.S. allies bribing, recruiting al Qaeda fighters in Yemen". Washington Times. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  319. ^ Hubbard, Ben (12 September 2018). "Yemen Civilians Keep Dying, but Pompeo Says Saudis Are Doing Enough". New York Times. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  320. ^ Fang, Lee; Emmons, Alex (21 September 2018). "State Department Team Led by Former Raytheon Lobbyist Pushed Mike Pompeo to Support Yemen War Because of Arms Sales". The Intercept.
  321. ^ "Spain will go ahead with sale of 400 bombs to Saudi Arabia". Reuters. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  322. ^ a b c d e f Quinn, Ben (10 April 2019). "Dozens of Saudi military cadets trained in UK since Yemen intervention". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  323. ^ "Canadian LAVs in Yemen bring Saudi arms deal under radar". True News Source. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  324. ^ "Britain boosts arms sales to repressive regimes by £1bn". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  325. ^ "Alleged breaches of international law by Saudi forces in Yemen exceed 500". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  326. ^ "Abu Dhabi crown prince targeted by French torture probe: sources". France 24. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  327. ^ "Biden announces end to US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  328. ^ "Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises". Reuters. 29 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  329. ^ "Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises". Reuters. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  330. ^ "U.S. government's refusal to discuss drone attacks comes under fire". The Washington Post. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  331. ^ Millis, Joe (7 May 2015). "US drone strike in Yemen 'kills al Qaeda man behind Paris Charlie Hebdo and Jewish shop attacks'". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
    Shane, Scott (14 April 2015). "U.S. Drone Kills a Top Figure in Al Qaeda's Yemen Branch". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  332. ^ "Al-Qaida in Yemen says US drone killed man who claimed Charlie Hebdo attack". The Guardian. 7 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  333. ^ "Charts on US Strikes in Yemen". The Long War Journal. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  334. ^ "Death by Drone". Open Society Foundations. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  335. ^ "ISIS Global Intelligence Summary March 1 – May 7" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. 10 May 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  336. ^ "Yemen crisis: Islamic State claims Sanaa mosque attacks". BBC. 21 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  337. ^ "Seven killed in Islamic State suicide bombing in Yemeni capital". Reuters. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  338. ^ a b c "Islamic State claims suicide attacks on Yemeni government, Gulf troops". Reuters. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  339. ^ "Yemen's Houthi Rebels Accept Five-Day Truce Proposal". The Wall Street Journal. 10 May 2015. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  340. ^ a b "Yemen conflict: Aid effort begins as truce takes hold". BBC News. 13 May 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  341. ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed (16 May 2015). "Fighting Rages in Yemen on 4th Day of Humanitarian Truce". ABC News. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  342. ^ "South Yemen clashes kill dozens as ceasefire nears end". France 24. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.[dead link]
  343. ^ Editorial, Reuters. "Yemen's Houthis, Saleh's party accept U.N. peace terms, eye talks". U.S. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  344. ^ "Oman breaks from GCC on Yemen conflict". Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  345. ^ Al-Araal-Jadeed staff. "Oman offers seven-point peace plan for Yemen". alaraby. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  346. ^ a b Staff writers (20 August 2016). "Shia Yemenis rally in support of Houthi governing council". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  347. ^ a b c Bulos, Nabih (21 August 2016). "Thousands march in support of Yemen rebels who oppose Saudi and U.S.-backed government". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  348. ^ Staff writers. "Yemen conflict: Major pro-rebel demonstration in Sanaa". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  349. ^ Ackerman, Spencer; Burke, Jason; Borger, Julian (1 February 2017). "Eight-year-old American girl 'killed in Yemen raid approved by Trump'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  350. ^ Rozsa, Matthew (3 February 2017). "Former Obama official: Trump's deadly Yemen raid wasn't planned under Obama's watch". Salon. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  351. ^ Eric Schmitt & David E. Sanger, Raid in Yemen: Risky From the Start and Costly in the End Archived 3 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (1 February 2017).
  352. ^ Ewen MacAskill, Spencer Ackerman & Jason Burke, Questions mount over botched Yemen raid approved by Trump Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (2 February 2017).
  353. ^ Yemen: US Should Investigate Civilian Deaths in Raid Archived 27 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Human Rights Watch (24 February 2017).
  354. ^ "Accelerating Yemen campaign, U.S. conducts flurry of strikes targeting al-Qaeda". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
  355. ^ "Targeting AQAP: U.S. Airstrikes in Yemen". Critical Threats. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017.
  356. ^ a b "Pro-Houthi court sentences Yemen president to death for treason". Reuters. 25 March 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  357. ^ "Pro-Houthi court sentences exiled Yemeni president Hadi to death for "high treason"". Xinhua. 26 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  358. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  359. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    "Saudi coalition downs Yemeni rebel missile near Mecca". 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  360. ^ Mizokami, Kyle (2 October 2017). "U.S. Reaper Drone Shot Down Over Yemen". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  361. ^ Jeremy Binnie and Neil Gibson (5 October 2017). "US Reaper shot down over Sanaa". Jane's Defence Weekly. IHS. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  362. ^ Snow, Shawn (2 October 2017). "US MQ-9 drone shot down in Yemen".
  363. ^ Trevithick, Joseph. "Houthi Rebels Shoot Down U.S. Air Force MQ-9 Reaper Over Yemen". Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  364. ^ The New York Times, 3 May 2018, "Army Special Forces Secretly Help Saudis Combat Threat From Yemen Rebels"
  365. ^ "First US airstrike targeting ISIS in Yemen kills dozens". CNN. 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017.
  366. ^ Leith Fadel (2 December 2017). "Violence escalates in Sanaa as Saleh loyalists battle Houthis". Al Masdar News. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  367. ^ "Bloody Battles Waged On The Streets Of Yemen's Capital, As Alliances Appear To Shift". NPR.org. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  368. ^ "Yemen powerbroker dies in Sanaa fighting". BBC News. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  369. ^ Aboudi, Sami; Browning, Noah (5 December 2017). "Exiled son of Yemen's Saleh takes up anti-Houthi cause". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  370. ^ "Saudi-backed fighters capture coastal area in Yemen from Houthis". Reuters. December 7, 2017. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  371. ^ "Yemeni army captures 80 Houthis within two days in Shabwa". Al Arabiya English. 16 December 2017.
  372. ^ "Yemen crisis: Separatists seize government buildings in Aden". BBC. 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  373. ^ "Yemen separatists capture Aden, government confined to palace: residen". Reuters. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  374. ^ Rashad, Marwa; Dadouch, Sarah; al-Ansi, Abdulrahman (28 March 2018). "Barrage of missiles on Saudi Arabia ramps up Yemen war". Reuters.
  375. ^ Al-Batati, Saeed; Gladstone, Rick (2 April 2018). "Saudi Bombing Is Said to Kill Yemeni Civilians Seeking Relief From the Heat". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  376. ^ "Yemen forces kill two senior Al Qaida operatives in Abyan". Gulf News. 19 April 2018.
  377. ^ a b Almasmari, Hakim. "Houthi political leader confirmed dead Monday; airstrikes kill more than 30 at Yemen wedding". CNN. Cable News Network. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  378. ^ "Saudi attack on Yemen wedding kills up to 33, wounds dozens". South China Morning Post. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  379. ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed. "Saudi airstrikes hit presidency building in Yemen, killing 6". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  380. ^ "Heavy Clashes Near Yemen's Hodeidah as U.N. Seeks Ceasefire". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  381. ^ Arraf, Jane. "U.N. Withdraws From Yemeni Port City Amid Fears Of Devastating Attack". NPR : National Public Radio. npr.
  382. ^ "600 dead reported in Yemen clash". ArkansasOnline. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Inc.
  383. ^ Ibrahim, Arwa. "Tales of torture and horror: Inside Houthi prisons in Yemen". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network.
  384. ^ Cheslow, Daniella. "Airstrike Reportedly Hits Doctors Without Borders Facility In Yemen". NPR : National Public Radio. npr.
  385. ^ "US supplied bomb that killed 40 children on Yemen school bus". Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  386. ^ "Yemen war: Truce for lifeline port city of Hudaydah".
  387. ^ "The Top Conflicts to Watch in 2019".
  388. ^ "Conflict to Watch in 2019".
  389. ^ Doucet, Lyse (28 January 2019). "Shaky truce in key Yemeni port of Hudaydah". BBC News. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  390. ^ "Saudi-led air raids 'kill at least 11 civilians' in Yemen's Sanaa". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. 7 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  391. ^ "Explosion in Yemen Warehouse Kills at Least 13, Including 7 Children". nytimes.com. Nytimes. 7 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  392. ^ The Washington Post (8 April 2019). "Yemenis recount horror of mysterious blast in capital".
  393. ^ "Houthis Say US Reaper Drone Shot Down, Release Video, Pics". Breaking Defense. 14 June 2019.
  394. ^ "CENTCOM: MQ-9 Reaper shot down over Yemen last week". Military Times. 15 June 2019.
  395. ^ "Yemen's Houthis hit Saudi airport, killing one, wounding 21: Saudi-led coalition". Reuters. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  396. ^ "UAE reduces military forces in Yemen amid Gulf tensions: Report". Middle East Affairs. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  397. ^ "U.A.E. Moves to Extricate Itself From Saudi-Led War in Yemen". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  398. ^ Sarah El Sirgany and Ivana Kottasová. "Yemen separatists say they've seized the key port of Aden". CNN. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  399. ^ "U.S. drone shot down over Yemen: officials". 21 August 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  400. ^ "Yemen Fires 10 Ballistic Missiles at Saudi Airport". Yemen News. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  401. ^ "'I curse myself': Yemeni mercenaries say their Saudi fighting days are over". Middle East Eye. 3 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  402. ^ "Yemen colonel: Airstrikes kill at least 30 troops near Aden". Fox Baltimore. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  403. ^ "Islamic State claims suicide bomb assault on separatist fighters in Yemen's Aden -Amaq – Breaking Information". Danilfineman. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  404. ^ "Saudi-led airstrikes kill at least 60 at rebel-run prison". The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  405. ^ "Saudi Arabia, UAE urge Yemen govt and separatists to halt military actions". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  406. ^ Business, John Defterios and Victoria Cavaliere, CNN. "Drone strikes knock out half of Saudi oil capacity, 5 million barrels a day". CNN. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  407. ^ Eoin Higgins (25 September 2019), "'Grief and Anger' in Yemen After US-Backed Saudi Bombing Kills Seven Children, Nine Others", Common Dreams
  408. ^ "Yemen officials: Defense minister escapes attack on convoy". Reading Eagle. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  409. ^ "Saudi, Yemen's Houthis keep 'indirect talks' in Oman to end war". GO Tech Daily. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  410. ^ Inc, Midwest Communications. "Blast hits military parade in Yemen, at least five dead". WSAU. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  411. ^ "Yemen's Houthis list 6 targets in Saudi, 3 in UAE – al-Masirah TV". BOE Report. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  412. ^ "Kuwait reiterates willingness to host Yemeni peace talks". Debriefer. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  413. ^ "Peace Talks in Yemen Back on After Pressure from World Leaders". Law Street. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  414. ^ "Peace deal announced amongst Yemeni govt, separatists". Go Tech Daily. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  415. ^ "Gulf of Aden Security Review – December 5, 2019". Critical Threats. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  416. ^ Net, Al-Thawra. "Saudi CH-4 drone shot down by Yemeni air defnces in Jawf | Al-Thawra Net".
  417. ^ "Video footage of downing Saudi CH-4 drone released". 7 January 2020.
  418. ^ "Shiite missile kills Yemen troops". Journal Gazette. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  419. ^ "Yemen missile attack kills at least 80 soldiers". 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  420. ^ "Yemen war: Death toll in attack on military base rises to 111". BBC News. 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  421. ^ "Yemeni rebels claim new drone attacks on Saudi Aramco". www.worldoil.com. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  422. ^ Semones, Evan. "Trump appears to confirm killing of al Qaeda leader in Yemen via retweet". POLITICO.
  423. ^ "Yemeni Armed Forces: "Compact Structure" Campaign Liberated an Area of 2500 Sq. Kilometers, Killed, Injured or Arrested Thousands of Mercenaries (Video)". 31 January 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  424. ^ "Hadi Holds Meeting at Joint Command HQ in Riyadh". Asharq AL-awsat.
  425. ^ "Saudi Coalition confirms Tornado pilots captured by Yemeni Armed Forces". Iran Press. 16 February 2020.
  426. ^ "Saudi Tornado two pilots captured by Houthis". debriefer.net. 16 February 2020.
  427. ^ Cenciotti, David (15 February 2020). "IR Video Shows The Moment A Saudi Tornado Attack Jet Was Shot Down by Houthi Rebels Over Yemen".
  428. ^ "Saudi Pilots Missing as Yemen Rebels Say They Downed Fighter Jet". Bloomberg.(subscription required)
  429. ^ "War in Yemen: Spree of Hostilities Surround as Militias Down War Jet". Mirror Herald. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  430. ^ "Yemen Houthis seize strategic city bordering Saudi Arabia". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  431. ^ "Officials say Yemen's rebels seize strategic northern city". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  432. ^ "Yemen's Houthis advance in Marib, Saudi border areas". Al-Monitor. 12 March 2020.
  433. ^ "Yemen Houthi control strategic areas in Marib governorate". Middle East Monitor. 12 March 2020.
  434. ^ "Air strikes hit Houthi-held Yemeni capital Sanaa:witnesses". Reuters. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  435. ^ Link 2: "Release inmates in Yemen to avert nationwide coronavirus outbreak, experts urge". UN. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  436. ^ Chmaytelli, Maher; Ghobari, Muhammad (5 April 2020). "Yemen's warring parties accuse each other of attacking pipeline". Reuters. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  437. ^ "Yémen: une enfant et sept détenues tuées dans le bombardement d'une prison". Mediapart. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  438. ^ "UNHCHR condemns Houthi militia's attack on central prison in Tai". Saba Net. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  439. ^ "As coronavirus spreads, U.N. seeks Yemen urgent peace talks resumption". Reuters. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  440. ^ "Ceasefire begins in Yemen to help combat virus". BBC News. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  441. ^ "Saudi-led coalition bombs Yemen 'dozens' of times despite declaring ceasefire last week to combat coronavirus". Independent. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  442. ^ "Yemen separatists announce self-rule in south, complicating peace efforts". Reuters. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  443. ^ "Yemen govt, southern separatists clash over Zinjibar". France 24. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  444. ^ "Can Saudi Arabia fix Yemen's anti-Houthi coalition?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  445. ^ "Yemen's rebels:Saudi coalition airstrike kills 13 civilians". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  446. ^ "Yemeni separatist STC seizes billions of riyals set for central bank". Middle East Eye. 14 June 2020.
  447. ^ "Yemeni separatists seize island of Socotra from Saudi-backed government". The Guardian. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020 – via Reuters.
  448. ^ "Yemeni Armed Forces spokesperson press conference regarding the operation in north of Baydha". 30 June 2020.
  449. ^ "Saudi-led coalition hits Houthi-held areas in renewed air raids". Al Jazeera. 2 July 2020.
  450. ^ "COVID-19 emerges as new cause of Yemeni displacement". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  451. ^ Mukhashaf, Mohammed (30 December 2020). "Twenty-two killed in attack on Aden airport after new Yemen cabinet lands". Reuters. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  452. ^ Al-Haj, Ahmed; Magdy, Samy (30 December 2020). "Yemeni officials: Blast at Aden airport kills 25, wounds 110". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  453. ^ "Looming battle for Yemen's Marib city risks humanitarian disaster". BBC News. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  454. ^ Tim Lister (8 April 2015). "The war in Yemen is getting worse – and a civilian catastrophe is looming". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
    Maria abi-habib (6 April 2015). "Humanitarian Crisis Deepens in Embattled Yemen City". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  455. ^ "Medical aid boat docks in Yemen's Aden". Business Insider. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  456. ^ Melvin, Don. "UNICEF: Shipment of medical supplies, other aid reaches Yemen's capital". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015.
  457. ^ "Fighting, airstrikes hit across Yemen as Saudi Arabia pledges aid". Fox News. 19 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  458. ^ chronicle.fanack.com. "Yemeni People Suffer as the World Turns its Back". fanack.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  459. ^ "Cyclone Chapala a Rare, Destructive Landfall in Yemen". The Weather Channel. 29 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  460. ^ "YEMEN HOSPITALS ON THE BRINK OF CLOSURE AS HEALTH SYSTEM COLLAPSES LEAVING 8 MILLION CHILDREN WITHOUT ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE". Save the Children. 19 December 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  461. ^ http://www.forumarmstrade.org/uploads/1/9/0/8/19082495/crs_yemen_report_march_2017.pdf
  462. ^ "Yemen cholera epidemic reaches 'devastating proportions' as deaths mount". ABC News Australia. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  463. ^ "Cholera death toll in Yemen doubles in two weeks". Al Jazeera. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  464. ^ "Statement from UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan on the cholera outbreak in Yemen as suspected cases exceed 200,000". UNICEF. 24 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  465. ^ Kennedy, Jonathan; Harmer, Andrew; McCoy, David (October 2017). "The political determinants of the cholera outbreak in Yemen". The Lancet Global Health. 5 (10): e970–e971. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30332-7. PMID 28826973.
  466. ^ Red Cross pulls 71 foreign staff out of Yemen over security risks. (7 June 2018). Al Jazeera News Houthis. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  467. ^ "Closure of Yemen's main airport puts millions of people at risk". International Rescue Committee (IRC). 15 August 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  468. ^ "Statement by the humanitarian community on the blockade in Yemen". International Rescue Committee (IRC). 16 November 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  469. ^ "Prolonged conflict would make Yemen the poorest country in the world, UNDP study says". UNDP. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  470. ^ "Yemen: War and exclusion leave millions of people with disabilities in the lurch". Amnesty International. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  471. ^ "Aid to Houthi-controlled Yemen to be reduced over diversion risks – sources". TODAYonline. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  472. ^ "For Yemenis on the brink, aid funding gap spells disaster". UNHCR. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  473. ^ "Yemen: Aden Detainees Face Dire Covid-19 Risk". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  474. ^ ""Hell on Earth": Yemeni Children Starve to Death as U.S.-Backed Saudi Blockade Devastates Nation". Democracy Now!. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  475. ^ "As Conflict, Humanitarian Crisis Grows, Yemen 'Speeding towards Massive Famine', Under-Secretary-General Warns, in Briefing to Security Council – Yemen | ReliefWeb".
  476. ^ "At least 400,000 Yemeni children under 5 could die of starvation this year – UN agencies | Reuters".
  477. ^ Kasinof, Laura. "How Yemen's Civil Conflict Turned Into a Regional Proxy War". The Nation. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015.
  478. ^ "Human Rights Watch: Saudi-Led Coalition Bombing Yemen with Banned U.S.-Made Cluster Munitions". Archived from the original on 8 May 2015.
  479. ^ "Saudi Coalition/US: Curb Civilian Harm in Yemen". Human Rights Watch. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  480. ^ "Yemen: Factory Airstrike Killed 31 Civilians – Saudi-Led, US-Backed Attack Raises Laws-of-War Concerns". Human Rights Watch. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  481. ^ "Yemen: Warehouse Strike Threatens Aid Delivery – Inquiry Still Needed If Saudi-Led Bombing Campaign Ends". Human Rights Watch. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  482. ^ "Yemen: Coalition Blocking Desperately Needed Fuel – Tankers Wait Offshore as Civilians Go Without Water, Electricity". Human Rights Watch. 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  483. ^ a b "Yemen: Relentless airstrikes that have left hundreds of civilians dead must be investigated". Amnesty International. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  484. ^ "Yemen: Mounting evidence of high civilian toll of Saudi-led airstrikes". Amnesty International. 8 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  485. ^ "Yemen: Pro-Houthi Forces Attack, Detain Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 7 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  486. ^ Miles, Tom (9 May 2015). "Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: U.N. coordinator". Reuters U.S. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  487. ^ "Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw (9 May 2015) [EN/AR]" (PDF). reliefweb.int (original: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair, UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen). 9 May 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  488. ^ Erin Cunningham (11 May 2015). "Intense clashes in Yemen endanger prospects of humanitarian cease-fire". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  489. ^ "Aid Agencies Call For an Immediate and Permanent Cease Fire as an Additional 70,000 People Flee Coalition Airstrikes in Northern Yemen". Save the Children. 10 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  490. ^ "Humanitarian catastrophe is imminent in Yemeni city of Taiz as houthis target civilians". Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015.
  491. ^ Yemen: Coalition Bombs Homes in Capital Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Human Rights Watch. 21 December 2015.
  492. ^ Yemen: Saudi-Led Funeral Attack Apparent War Crime Archived 15 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Human Rights Watch. 13 October 2016.
  493. ^ Emmons, Alex (14 November 2017). "Chris Murphy Accuses the U.S. of Complicity in War Crimes from the Floor of the Senate". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  494. ^ "America is committing war crimes in Yemen and it doesn't even know why". Foreign Policy. 15 August 2018.
  495. ^ "Monuments to Famine". London Review of Books. 7 March 2019.
  496. ^ "UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia lawful". BBC. 10 July 2017.
  497. ^ "US to continue backing Saudi coalition in Yemen war". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  498. ^ "UN experts: Possible war crimes by all parties in Yemen". Associated Press. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  499. ^ "Australian weapons shipped to Saudi and UAE as war rages in Yemen". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  500. ^ "Australia told to halt arms sales as Yemen catastrophe unfolds". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  501. ^ "U.N. Says Western Countries May Be Complicit in Yemen War Crimes Days After Air Raid Kills 100 Prisoners". Democracy Now. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  502. ^ Wintour, Patrick (3 September 2019). "UK, US and France may be complicit in Yemen war crimes – UN report". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  503. ^ "Yemeni officials say explosive device has killed 4 children". Star Tribune. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  504. ^ "Exclusive Report: Sold to an ally, lost to an enemy". CNN.
  505. ^ "US sends investigators to UAE and Saudi to probe CNN weapons violations findings". CNN. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  506. ^ Reuters (12 February 2020). "Britain, US asked to investigate UAE 'war crimes' in Yemen". Business Recorder. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  507. ^ "Human rights group accuses Saudi forces in Yemen of abuses". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  508. ^ "Human Rights Group Accuses Saudi Forces in Yemen of Abuses". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  509. ^ "UK accused of selling arms to Saudi Arabia a year after court ban". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  510. ^ "Yemenis Are Being Disappeared, Tortured, Then Killed in Unofficial Prisons". VICE. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  511. ^ "U.N. Condemns Air Strikes in Yemen That Reportedly Killed Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  512. ^ Al-Shamahi, Abubakr. "'Egregious record': Yemen's Houthis denounced for blocking aid". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  513. ^ "Trudeau urged to end arms exports to Saudi Arabia after Canada cited for fueling Yemen war". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  514. ^ "Evidence of potential war crime by Saudi coalition". Sky News. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  515. ^ "UK 'complicit in atrocities' with arms licenses issued to Saudi Arabia at record high". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  516. ^ "Child soldiers from Darfur fighting at front line of war in Yemen, returned soldiers say | The Independent". Archived from the original on 30 December 2018.
  517. ^ "Saudi Arabia recruited Darfur children to fight in Yemen: NYT | Saudi Arabia News | Al Jazeera". Archived from the original on 1 January 2019.
  518. ^ "On the Front Line of the Saudi War in Yemen: Child Soldiers From Darfur – The New York Times". Archived from the original on 1 January 2019.
  519. ^ "'Serious' questions over SAS involvement in Yemen war | UK news | The Guardian". Archived from the original on 28 March 2019.
  520. ^ "Exclusive: Yemeni child soldiers recruited by Saudi-UAE coalition | Saudi Arabia News | Al Jazeera". Archived from the original on 2 April 2019.
  521. ^ "Pompeo blocks inclusion of Saudi Arabia on US child soldiers list | US news | The Guardian".
  522. ^ Richardson, Paul (30 March 2015). "Djibouti Backs Military Intervention in Yemen, La Nation Reports". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  523. ^ Elbagir, Nima (9 April 2015). "'A window into hell:' Desperate Yemenis flee Saudi airstrikes by boat". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  524. ^ Guled, Abdi (31 March 2015). "Fleeing violence at home, dozens of Yemeni refugees arrive in Somalia". U.S. News and World Report. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  525. ^ Speri, Alice (2 April 2015). "Yemen's Conflict is Getting So Bad that Some Yemenis Are Fleeing to Somalia". VICE News. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  526. ^ "Oman receives 2,695 Yemen refugees in two weeks". Zawya. Reuters. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  527. ^ Purnama Putra, Erik. "Alqaeda Yaman Bantu Selamatkan WNI". Republika News. Event occurs at 21:24. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  528. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Almost 100,000 flee Yemen in four months since fighting started". Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  529. ^ "Yemeni Refugees Still Stuck on Wrong Side of the Water – Inter Press Service". Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  530. ^ Murphy, Brian (22 June 2018). "How hundreds of Yemenis fleeing the world's worst humanitarian crisis ended up on a resort island in South Korea". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  531. ^ "South Koreans outraged as 500 Yemeni refugees flee to island". Financial Times. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  532. ^ "Yemeni refugees' fate tested on Jeju Island". Korea Times. 17 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  533. ^ "South Korea to tighten laws amid influx of Yemeni asylum-seekers to resort island of Jeju". Straits Times. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  534. ^ "Justice Ministry proposes reinforcement measures to amend refugee act". The Korea Herald. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  535. ^ "제주 온 예멘인 500여 명 난민 신청..엇갈리는 시선". 다음 뉴스 (in Korean). 19 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  536. ^ Goldberg, Mark Leon (2 January 2019). "Yemen Received More Migrants in 2018 than Europe". UN Dispatch. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  537. ^ "Kuwait donates $12 million for UNHCR programs in Yemen". Yemen National Military Web. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  538. ^ "Diplomats and U.N. staff flee Yemen as Houthis target Aden". Reuters. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  539. ^ "Pakistan evacuates hundreds during pause in Yemen strikes – Saudi official". Reuters. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  540. ^ "Saudi Diplomats, U.N. Officials Evacuate Yemen". Newsweek. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  541. ^ "India begins evacuating citizens". The Hindu. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  542. ^ "Air evacuation from Yemen begins". 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  543. ^ Kumar, Hari (10 April 2015). "India Concludes Evacuation of Its Citizens From Yemen". NYTimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  544. ^ "India evacuates 4,640 nationals, 960 others from Yemen". www.oneindia.com. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
    "1000 nationals from 41 countries: India's Yemen evacuation finally ends and the world is floored". Firstpost. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
    "India appreciates Pakistan's gesture of evacuating its nationals from Yemen". The Times of India. 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
    "Yemen crisis: Number of Indian evacuees reach 4000 mark". Zee News. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
    "4,000 Indians rescued so far, Yemen air evacuation op to end on Wed". www.hindustantimes.com. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
    "India evacuates 232 foreigners including Americans, Europeans from Yemen". The Times of India. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  545. ^ Smitha Khorana & Spencer Ackerman (1 April 2015). "Americans in Yemen fear they have been left behind as bombing escalates". The Guardian.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  546. ^ "India evacuates 232 foreigners including Americans, Europeans from Yemen". The Times of India. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  547. ^ Browning, Noah (29 March 2015). "Chinese warship docks in Aden to evacuate nationals – port official". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  548. ^ Mukhashaf, Mohammed (2 April 2015). "'Armed guards who had disembarked from a Chinese ship' land in Yemen". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  549. ^ "China-led evacuation from war-torn Yemen said to include Canadians". CBC News. 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
    Rosen, James (6 April 2015). "U.S. agrees to refuel Saudi planes, but isn't evacuating Americans from Yemen". McClathyDC. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015. Beijing said Thursday that a Chinese naval frigate had evacuated 225 people from 10 countries from Aden.
  550. ^ "More Filipinos evacuated from Yemen". Arab News. 12 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015.
  551. ^ a b Jastin Ahmad Tarmizi (13 April 2015). "Malaysians from strife-torn Yemen". The Star. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  552. ^ a b Melissa Goh (15 April 2015). "Government working to evacuate Malaysians still in Yemen". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  553. ^ "Hundreds of Indonesians to arrive from Yemen". The Jakarta Post. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  554. ^ "Ethiopia to evacuate citizens from Yemen". World Bulletin. 1 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  555. ^ "Ethiopia mulls withdrawing citizens from Yemen". StarAfrica. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  556. ^ "Ethiopia pulling citizens out of Yemen". Ethiopian News Agency. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  557. ^ "Russia Evacuates 160 People from Yemen". MENAFN. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.
  558. ^ a b "Security Council Demands End to Yemen Violence, Adopting Resolution 2216 (2015), with Russian Federation Abstaining" (SECURITY COUNCIL 7426TH MEETING (AM)). United Nations. SC/11859. 14 April 2015.
  559. ^ "Human trafficking a growing concern in Yemen: Minister". Public Radio International. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  560. ^ "Desperate Somalis turn to prostitution in Yemen". Reuters. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  561. ^ "Yemen (Special Case)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  562. ^ Walsh, Declan (November 2018). "Yemen Girl Who Turned World's Eyes to Famine Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  563. ^ "The UN just condemned Saudi Arabia as child killers". The Independent. 6 October 2017. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  564. ^ "UN: Return Saudi-led Coalition to 'List of Shame'". Human Rights Watch. 8 June 2016. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  565. ^ Sengupta, Somini (6 June 2016). "Saudis Pressure U.N. to Remove Them From List of Children's Rights Violators". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  566. ^ Walsh, Declan (22 May 2019). "Saudi Warplanes, Most Made in America, Still Bomb Civilians in Yemen". The New York times. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  567. ^ "100 Russian mercenaries fighting for Haftar's forces on Tripoli frontlines". Libyan Express. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  568. ^ "Save the Children warns of cholera spike in Yemen's north – 660 NEWS". www.660citynews.com. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  569. ^ "2,036,960 Suspected cholera cases in Yemen | YemenOnline". www.yemenonline.info. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  570. ^ "Hundreds dead as Yemen flu outbreak spreads | SCI DEV NET". www.scidev.net. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  571. ^ "Yemen's rebels: Saudi coalition airstrike kills 13 civilians". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  572. ^ "Saudi-led coalition forces in Yemen taken off UN rights blacklist". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  573. ^ A March 5, 2020 report on the destruction of the Jewish Cemetery at Aden. See "Killing Jewish Dead...By Dr Cohan". Begin-Sadat Peace Center. Retrieved 6 July 2020.. On April 28, 2020 Yemenite Minister Moammer al-Iryani remarked the fate of the last 50 Jews in Yemen is unknown. See "Yemen minister says fate of country's last 50 Jews unknown". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 June 2020..A 2020 World Population Review with a Census of Jewish population by country has no listing of any Jews in Yemen.See "Jewish Population by country". worldpopulationreview.com accessed 23 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.]
  574. ^ "Baltimore Jewish Life | Report: Houthis Arrest Yemen's Last Remaining Jews In A Bid To Ethnically Cleanse The Country". www.baltimorejewishlife.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  575. ^ "Houthis (Arianize) Arabianize Jewish property in Yemen and force Jews to flee". jtf.org. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  576. ^ "Monareliefye.org delivering food aid baskets to Jewish community's members in Sana'a | monarelief". monarelief. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  577. ^ "Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews". Asharq AL-awsat.
  578. ^ a b Moheyddeen, Khalid (7 October 2016). "Education in Yemen Struggles after More than a Year of Conflict". Voices and Views: Middle East and North Africa. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  579. ^ "Yemen". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  580. ^ "Yemen army removes 300,000 Houthi landmines in liberated areas" 24 April 2018. Arab News. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  581. ^ "Bombing Businesses". Human Rights Watch. 10 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  582. ^ Walsh, Declan; Schmitt, Eric (25 December 2018). "Arms Sales to Saudis Leave American Fingerprints on Yemen's Carnage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  583. ^ AFP. "UN to consider pause in Yemen bombing as death toll rises". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  584. ^ Lederer, Edith (4 April 2015). "Russia Urges UN to Call for 'Humanitarian Pause' in Yemen". ABC News. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  585. ^ "Russia calls for pause in Yemen air strikes to evacuate foreigners". Reuters UK. 4 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015.
  586. ^ Melvin, Don (15 April 2015). "Three weeks of Saudi strikes in Yemen, no peace in sight". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  587. ^ "Houthis condemn UN resolution on Yemen". Al Jazeera. 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  588. ^ "U.N. envoy to Yemen resigns". Reuters. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  589. ^ "U.N. chief appoints Mauritanian diplomat as new Yemen envoy". Reuters. 25 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  590. ^ "UN report: All parties in Yemen committed torture". middleeastmonitor. 15 February 2018.
  591. ^ Yemen war: Wounded Yemeni rebels evacuated in UN plane bbc.com – Middle East
  592. ^ "Factbox: U.N. Programmes in Yemen at Risk of Going Broke". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  593. ^ "Yemen warring sides agree to swap over 1,000 prisoners". France 24. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  594. ^ "Yemen: Immediate 24-hour humanitarian pause needed to bring in medical help". International Committee of the Red Cross. 4 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015.
  595. ^ Bayoumy, Yara (5 April 2015). "Yemen's Houthis ready for talks if air strikes stop: senior member". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  596. ^ "China adds voice to call for Yemen ceasefire". Reuters India. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  597. ^ a b Riedel, Bruce (15 April 2015). "Why Pakistan Said No to King Salman". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  598. ^ Shahzad, Asif (13 April 2015). "Pakistani premier urges Iran to help bring Yemen's Shiite rebels to negotiations". USA Today. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  599. ^ Hussain, Tom (13 April 2015). "How long can Pakistan stay out of Yemen fight in face of Saudi pressure?". McClatchy Foreign Staff. McClatchy. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  600. ^ Mukhashaf and McDowall, Mohammed and Angus (12 April 2015). "Saudi Arabia Dismisses Iran Calls For Yemen Ceasefire". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  601. ^ Hurst Daniel (12 April 2015). "Australia calls for Yemen ceasefire on eve of Julie Bishop's visit to Iran". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  602. ^ "In Washington, UN chief calls for immediate ceasefire by all parties in Yemen". UN News Center. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  603. ^ Charbonneau Louis (17 April 2015). "Iran submits four-point Yemen peace plan to United Nations". reuters. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  604. ^ "Yemen Peace Talks: Drafting a Roadmap to a Destination Unknown". Fanack.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  605. ^ "Houthi Delegation Came under Attack in Geneva Peace Talks + Pics". ABNA. 19 June 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2015.
  606. ^ "Yemen conflict: Clashes rattle shaky truce". BBC News. 11 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
    "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  607. ^ Rod Nordland (6 August 2016). "Talks to End War in Yemen Are Suspended". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  608. ^ "Yemen: Populations at Risk – Current Crisis (15 January 2017) – Yemen | ReliefWeb". Reliefweb.int. 15 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  609. ^ Harris, Gardiner; Schmitt, Eric; Gladstone, Rick (31 October 2018). "U.S. and Britain Seek Yemen Cease-Fire as Relations With Saudis Cool". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  610. ^ "Yemen war: US presses Saudi Arabia to agree ceasefire". BBC News. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  611. ^ Ryan Browne, Barbara Starr (10 November 2018). "US to stop air refueling of Saudi-led coalition in Yemen". CNN. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  612. ^ "U.N.: A Yemeni Child Dies Every 10 Min. from War-Caused Disease, Hunger". Democracy Now!. 5 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  613. ^ "Yemen war: Vote in US Senate delivers rebuke to Trump". BBC News. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  614. ^ Sukin, Gigi (13 March 2019). "Senate votes to rebuke Trump, end U.S. military support for Saudi-led war in Yemen". Axios. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  615. ^ "Iran's Ahmadinejad sends letter to Saudi crown prince offering to mediate in Yemen conflict". Middle East Eye. 27 July 2020.
  616. ^ Yeranian, Edward (27 March 2015). "Egyptian, Saudi Vessels Approach Yemen Coast". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  617. ^ "Ex-Yemeni Leader Urges Truce and Successor's Ouster". The New York Times. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  618. ^ "Yemeni troops retake provinces as al-Qaeda captures port city of Mukalla". Middle East Eye. 4 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  619. ^ "Former Yemeni leader asks Gulf states for safe exit". Al Jazeera. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  620. ^ Hussain, Tom (28 April 2015). "Saudi king, facing challenges in Yemen, fires his heir, foreign minister". The News Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  621. ^ "Yemen government to request membership in GCC: official Yemeni spokesman". Reuters. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  622. ^ Hiel, Betsy (11 April 2015). "Socotra islanders prize peace in sea away from Yemen's civil war". TribLive. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
    Al Batati, Saeed (10 April 2015). "When Al Qaeda Stormed My City: Reporter's Notebook". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  623. ^ Faisal Edroos (20 October 2017). "UAE on the verge of splitting Yemen in two". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  624. ^ "Yemen Houthi rebels free 290 prisoners: ICRC". WION. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  625. ^ "VIDEO. De Fontainebleau à Tokyo, le bouquetin en bronze pillé au Yémen qui court les expositions". francetvinfo.fr (in French). 19 February 2019.
  626. ^ "Yemen demands UNESCO to return looted bronze ibex". saba.ye. 28 February 2021.
  627. ^ "وثائق سرية مسربة.. الجزيرة نت تكشف حقيقة المواقف السعودية من أبرز الملفات اليمنية". الجزيرة‎. 2 August 2020.
  628. ^ "2 US citizens released by Iran-backed militants in Yemen". Star Tribune. 14 October 2020.
  629. ^ "Houthi Rebels Free 2 American Hostages". The New York Times. 14 October 2020.
  630. ^ "US to declare Yemen's Houthi rebels as 'terrorist organization'". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  631. ^ "Italian judge extends inquiry into Yemen deaths". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  632. ^ Nicole Glass (June 2010). "The Water Crisis in Yemen: Causes, Consequences and Solutions" (PDF). Global Majority e-Journal. 1: 17–30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2016.
  633. ^ Werrell, Caitlin; Femia, Francesco (3 August 2016). "A Storm Without Rain: Yemen, Water, Climate Change, and Conflict". The Center for Climate & Security. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  634. ^ "The perfect humanitarian storm has arrived in Yemen | Brookings Institution". Brookings. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  635. ^ a b Rageh, Farea Al-Muslimi & Mansour. "Yemen's economic collapse and impending famine: The necessary immediate steps to avoid worst-case scenarios". Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  636. ^ "Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'". The Independent. 23 October 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

Media related to Yemeni Civil War (2015) at Wikimedia Commons

  • Demystifying Yemen's Conflict (Midwest Diplomacy)
  • Yemen and the Huthis: Genesis of the 2015 Crisis (Asian Affairs Journal)
  • Timeline: Yemen (BBC)
  • As Saudis Block a Human Rights Inquiry in Yemen, America Stays Quiet. Vice. 1 October 2015.
  • Yemen: Coalition Bombs Homes in Capital. Human Rights Watch. 21 December 2015.
  • The United States May Be Guilty of War Crimes in Yemen. The Nation. November 2016.
  • Tomgram: Rebecca Gordon, Yet Another Undeclared U.S. War (December 2016), TomDispatch.com
  • Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention Congressional Research Service
  • UAE and US guilty of war crimes in Yemen torture centers, Amnesty charges. World Socialist Web Site. 13 July 2018
  • Ending the Not-So-Futile War in Yemen. The American Interest. 4 October 2018