Área metropolitana de Nueva York

Este artículo trata sobre el área que rodea la ciudad de Nueva York. Para otras áreas similares en el estado, consulte Áreas metropolitanas del estado de Nueva York .

Megacity in the United States

Área metropolitana de Nueva York Nueva York – Newark – Bridgeport, NY, NJ, CT, PA
Megaciudad
Nueva York , descrita como la capital cultural, [1] [2] [3] [4] financiera, [5] [6] [7] diplomática y mediática [8] [9] del mundo. [10] [11] Manhattan (arriba), funciona como el núcleo financiero y cultural de toda el área metropolitana de Nueva York.
Coordenadas: 40 ° 48′31 ″ N 74 ° 1′13.39 ″ W / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W / 40.80861; -74.0203861 Coordenadas : 40 ° 48′31 ″ N 74 ° 1′13.39 ″ W  / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W / 40.80861; -74.0203861
País	Estados Unidos
Estados	Nueva York Nueva Jersey Connecticut Pensilvania
Ciudad central	Nueva York
Otros municipios 100.000+ población	Babilonia Bridgeport Brookhaven Edison Elizabeth Hempstead Huntington Yo resbalo Jersey City New Haven Newark North Hempstead Bahía de las ostras Paterson Smithtown Stamford Waterbury Woodbridge Yonkers
Área[12]
•  Megaciudad	3.450,2 millas cuadradas (8.936 km 2 )
Población (2010) [12]
• Densidad	5.318 millas cuadradas (2.053 / km 2 )
•  Metro	18,351,295
•  MSA (2017)	20,320,876 [13] ( 1º )
•  CSA (2016)	21,689,255 [14] ( 1º )
Zona horaria	UTC-05: 00 ( EST )
• Verano ( DST )	UTC-04: 00 ( EDT )
Código (s) de área	201 , 203 , 212 , 332 , 272 , 347 , 475 , 484 , 516 , 551 , 570 , 609 , 610 , 631 , 640 , 646 , 718 , 732 , 845 , 848 , 860 , 862 , 908 , 914 , 917 , 929 , 973
GMP	1,7 billones de dólares [15]
La elevación más alta es de 4.180 pies / 1.274 m ( Slide Mountain (Condado de Ulster, Nueva York) , en las montañas Catskill ). La elevación más baja 0 pies / 0 m ( nivel del mar ) en el Océano Atlántico , Long Island Sound y en las vías fluviales del estuario del río Hudson .

El área metropolitana de Nueva York es el área metropolitana más grande del mundo por masa de tierra urbana , con 4.669,0 millas cuadradas (12.093 km ² ), ^[16] y una de las aglomeraciones urbanas más pobladas del mundo. El área metropolitana incluye la ciudad de Nueva York (la ciudad más poblada de los Estados Unidos ), Long Island y Mid and Lower Hudson Valley en el estado de Nueva York ; las cinco ciudades más grandes de Nueva Jersey : Newark , Jersey City , Paterson, Elizabeth y Edison y sus alrededores; y seis de las siete ciudades más grandes de Connecticut : Bridgeport , New Haven , Stamford , Waterbury , Norwalk y Danbury , y sus alrededores. El área metropolitana de Nueva York se encuentra dentro de la megalópolis más grande del noreste .

El área metropolitana de Nueva York es la más poblada de los Estados Unidos, según la definición del área estadística metropolitana (20,3 millones de residentes en 2017) ^[13] y el área estadística combinada (23,7 millones de residentes en 2016). El área metropolitana alberga aproximadamente al 6% de la población de los Estados Unidos. ^[17] Es la décima aglomeración urbana más grande del mundo. ^{[18] [19] [20]} El área metropolitana de Nueva York sigue siendo la principal puerta de entrada para la inmigración legal a los Estados Unidos , ^{[21] [22] [23] [24]} con la mayorpoblación nacida en el extranjero de cualquier región metropolitana del mundo. El MSA cubre 17.405 km ² (6.720 millas cuadradas ), mientras que el área de CSA es 34.493 km ² (13.318 millas cuadradas ), que abarca una región étnica y geográficamente diversa. La población del área metropolitana de Nueva York es mayor que la del estado de Nueva York, y el espacio aéreo metropolitano acomodaba a más de 130 millones de pasajeros en 2016. ^[25]

Como centro de muchas industrias, incluyendo finanzas, Fintech , el comercio internacional , las noticias y los medios de comunicación tradicionales, los bienes raíces, la educación, la moda, el entretenimiento , el turismo, la biotecnología , la ley y la fabricación, la región metropolitana de Nueva York es uno de los aspectos económicos más importantes regiones del mundo. A partir de 2019 ^[update], se estima que el área metropolitana de Nueva York producirá un producto metropolitano bruto ( GMP ) de 1,7 billones de dólares. Si el área metropolitana de Nueva York fuera un estado soberano , tendría la octava economía más grande del mundo. El área metropolitana de Nueva York alberga el mayor número de multimillonariosde cualquier metrópoli del mundo. Según Forbes , en 2014, el área metropolitana de Nueva York albergaba ocho de los diez códigos postales principales en los Estados Unidos por precio medio de la vivienda, con seis solo en Manhattan . ^[26] El área metropolitana de Nueva York también alberga cinco de los diez lugares más ricos de Estados Unidos, según Bloomberg . Estos son Scarsdale , NY; Short Hills , Nueva Jersey; Old Greenwich , CT; Bronxville , Nueva York; y Darien , CT. ^[27]

De la región metropolitana de Nueva York a la red de educación superior comprende cientos de colegios y universidades, entre ellos tres de la Ivy League universidades : Columbia , Yale y Princeton .

Definiciones

Área estadística metropolitana

Vista nocturna del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Nueva York, la conurbación más iluminada del mundo y la masa de tierra urbana más grande. Long Island se extiende 120 millas hacia el este desde Manhattan , el núcleo central de la conurbación.

Parte del Parque Interstate Palisades , los acantilados de New Jersey Palisades del condado de Bergen dan al río Hudson, así como al Bronx y al Alto Manhattan en Nueva York .

Rodeada por el Océano Atlántico y Long Island Sound , la ciudad de Nueva York y Long Island son el hogar de aproximadamente 11 millones de residentes en conjunto.

El puente Bear Mountain que conecta los condados de Westchester y Orange , Nueva York , a través del río Hudson, visto desde Bear Mountain

La Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto de EE. UU. Utiliza dos definiciones del área: el área estadística metropolitana (MSA) y el área estadística combinada (CSA). La definición de MSA se titula Área estadística metropolitana de Nueva York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA , e incluye una población de 20,3 millones de personas según las estimaciones del censo de 2017, aproximadamente 1 de cada 16 estadounidenses y casi 7 millones más que el segundo. lugar el área metropolitana de Los Ángeles en los Estados Unidos. ^[13] La MSA se subdivide en cuatro divisiones metropolitanas. La MSA de 23 condados incluye 10 condados en el estado de Nueva York (en conjunto con los cinco condados de Nueva York, los dos condados restantes de Long Islandy tres condados en el valle inferior del Hudson ); 12 condados en el norte y centro de Nueva Jersey ; y un condado en el noreste de Pensilvania . El área urbanizada más grande de los Estados Unidos se encuentra en el corazón del área metropolitana, el área urbanizada de Nueva York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT (que tenía un terreno de 3450 millas cuadradas en 2010 según el censo de 2010, y no se volverá a informar hasta el censo de 2020). Entre las áreas urbanizadas de más de 1,000,000 de residentes, el censo de 2010 informó que Nueva York ocupaba el cuarto lugar en densidad (5,319 por milla cuadrada), después de Los Ángeles (6,999), San Francisco (6,266) y San José (5,820).

Los condados y agrupaciones de condados que constituyen el área metropolitana de Nueva York se enumeran a continuación, con las cifras del censo de 2010:

Área estadística metropolitana de Nueva York – Newark – Jersey City, NY – NJ – PA (19,043,386)

• Nueva York – Jersey City – White Plains, NY – NJ Metropolitan Division (11,732,233)
  • Condado de Kings, NY (el distrito de Brooklyn en Nueva York)
  • Condado de Queens, NY (el distrito de Queens en Nueva York)
  • Condado de Nueva York, NY (el distrito de Manhattan en Nueva York)
  • Condado del Bronx, NY (el distrito del Bronx en Nueva York)
  • Condado de Richmond, NY (el distrito de Staten Island en Nueva York)
  • Condado de Westchester, NY
  • Condado de Bergen, NJ
  • Condado de Hudson, Nueva Jersey
  • Condado de Passaic, NJ
  • Condado de Putnam, NY
  • Condado de Rockland, NY
• Condado de Nassau – Condado de Suffolk, División Metropolitana de NY (2,832,882)
  • Condado de Suffolk, NY
  • Condado de Nassau, NY
• New Brunswick-Lakewood, División Metropolitana de Nueva Jersey (2,383,854)
  • Condado de Middlesex, Nueva Jersey
  • Condado de Monmouth, NJ
  • Condado de Ocean, NJ
  • Condado de Somerset, Nueva Jersey
• Newark , NJ – PA Metropolitan Division (2,174,944)
  • Condado de Essex, NJ
  • Condado de Union, NJ
  • Condado de Morris, Nueva Jersey
  • Condado de Sussex, Nueva Jersey
  • Condado de Hunterdon, Nueva Jersey
  • Condado de Pike, PA

Área estadística combinada

Las áreas estadísticas combinadas (ASC) agrupan áreas estadísticas centrales adyacentes con un alto grado de interconexión económica. ^[28] El área estadística combinada de Nueva York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA tenía una población estimada de 23,7 millones en 2014. ^[17] Aproximadamente uno de cada quince estadounidenses reside en esta región, que incluye ocho condados adicionales. en Nueva York, Nueva Jersey, Connecticut y Pensilvania. Esta área, menos la porción de Pensilvania, a menudo se conoce como el área de los tres estados y, con menos frecuencia, la región de los tres estados . El área de mercado designada para la televisión de la ciudad de Nueva York (DMA) incluye el condado de Pike, Pensilvania ,^[29] que también se incluye en la CSA.

Además de las áreas estadísticas metropolitanas (MSA) de Nueva York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA, las siguientes áreas estadísticas básicas también se incluyen en la CSA de Nueva York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA:

• Bridgeport – Stamford – Norwalk – Danbury, CT MSA (916,829)
  • Condado de Fairfield
• New Haven - Milford, CT MSA (862,477)
  • Condado de New Haven, Connecticut
• Trenton - Princeton, NJ MSA (396,811)
  • Condado de Mercer
• Torrington, CT área estadística micropolitan (189,927)
  • Condado de Litchfield
• Kingston, NY MSA (182,693)
  • Condado de Ulster
• East Stroudsburg, PA MSA (169,842)
  • Condado de Monroe, Pensilvania
• Poughkeepsie – Newburgh – Middletown, NY MSA (670,301)
  • Condado de Dutchess
  • Condado de Orange, NY

Geografía

High Point Monument visto desde el lago Marcia en High Point, condado de Sussex , la elevación más alta de Nueva Jersey a 1.803 pies (550 m) sobre el nivel del mar. ^[30]

La zona se divide con frecuencia en las siguientes subregiones: ^{[31] [32]}

• Nueva York (centro de la región, que comprende cinco distritos , uno de los cuales es Manhattan , el núcleo geográfico, cultural y económico de toda el área metropolitana)
• Centro y este de Long Island ( condados de Nassau y Suffolk , separados por agua del resto de la región excepto la ciudad de Nueva York; sin incluir el condado de Queens o el condado de Kings ( Brooklyn ), que son simultáneos con dos de los cinco distritos de Nueva York)
• North Jersey (parte norte de Nueva Jersey)
• Central Jersey (parte media de Nueva Jersey)
• Hudson Valley (suburbios de Lower Hudson Valley de los condados de Westchester , Putnam y Rockland ; y áreas de Mid-Hudson de los condados de Dutchess, Sullivan, Orange y Ulster)
• Oeste de Connecticut (solo los condados de Fairfield , New Haven y Litchfield son parte de la región y están separados por la línea estatal)
• Poconos del sur y del este ( condados de Monroe y Pike en Pensilvania)

Las ocho subregiones a menudo se dividen aún más. Por ejemplo, Long Island se puede dividir en las costas sur y norte (generalmente cuando se habla del condado de Nassau y el condado de Suffolk occidental) y el East End. El valle de Hudson y Connecticut a veces se agrupan y se conocen como los suburbios del norte, en gran parte debido al uso compartido del sistema de ferrocarril Metro-North . ^[33]

Subregiones

Ciudad de Nueva York

Artículo principal: Ciudad de Nueva York

Panorama del horizonte de Manhattan de diez millas ( 120th St. hasta Battery ) visto desde Weehawken, Nueva Jersey a través del Hudson en febrero de 2018.

1. Iglesia de Riverside
2. Time Warner Ctr
3. 220 Central Park Sur
4. Torre del Central Park
5. One57
6. 432 Park Ave
7. 53W53
8. edificio Chrysler
9. Torre del Bank of America
10. Edificio Conde Nast
11. Edificio del New York Times
12. edificio Empire State
13. Manhattan Oeste
14. a: 55 Hudson Yards , b: 35 Hudson Yards , c: 10 Hudson Yards , d: 15 Hudson Yards
15. 56 Leonard St
16. 8 Spruce St
17. Edificio Woolworth
18. 70 Pine St
19. 30 Park Pl
20. 40 Wall St
21. 3 Ctr de Comercio Mundial
22. 4 Ctr de Comercio Mundial
23. 1 Ctr de Comercio Mundial

El centro geográfico, cultural y económico del área metropolitana es la ciudad de Nueva York, que consta de cinco distritos , cada uno de los cuales es también un condado del estado de Nueva York . ^{[ cita requerida ]} Los cinco distritos - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , Bronx y Staten Island - se consolidaron en una sola ciudad en 1898. ^[34] Con una población estimada por el censo de 8.550.405 en 2015 (8.491.079 en 2014 ^{[35] [36]} ), distribuida en una superficie de solo 305 millas cuadradas (790 km ² ), ^[37]Nueva York es la ciudad principal más densamente poblada de los Estados Unidos. ^[38] Una ciudad de poder global , ^[39] la ciudad de Nueva York ejerce un impacto significativo sobre el comercio, las finanzas, los medios, el arte, la moda, la investigación, la tecnología, la educación y el entretenimiento, su ritmo rápido ^{[40] [41] que} define el término Minuto de Nueva York . ^[42] Hogar de la sede de las Naciones Unidas , ^[43] Nueva York es un centro importante para la diplomacia internacional . ^[44] Nueva York es una ciudad global ^[45] y ha sido descrita como la ciudad cultural, ^{[46] [47]} financiera , ^{[5] [6]} y capital mediática ^{[8] [9]} del mundo, así como la ciudad económicamente más poderosa del mundo. ^{[11] [6] [48] [7]}

Long Island

The Village of Garden City en el condado de Nassau , la ciudad de Hempstead en Long Island , que con más de 770.000 habitantes es el municipio individual más poblado del área metropolitana de Nueva York fuera de la ciudad de Nueva York. ^[49]

Westhampton , condado de Suffolk, Nueva York , en el East End de Long Island

Artículo principal: Long Island

Long Island es una isla ubicada frente a la costa noreste de los Estados Unidos y una región totalmente dentro del estado estadounidense de Nueva York y el área metropolitana de Nueva York. Extendiéndose de este a noreste desde el puerto de Nueva York hasta el Océano Atlántico , la isla comprende cuatro condados: Kings y Queens (estos forman los distritos neoyorquinos de Brooklyn y Queens , respectivamente) al oeste; luego Nassau y Suffolkhacia el este. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas en el área metropolitana de Nueva York (incluso las que viven en Queens y Brooklyn) utilizan coloquialmente el término "Long Island" (o "La isla") exclusivamente para referirse colectivamente al área del condado de Nassau-Suffolk, que es principalmente suburbana. en personaje. ^{[50] Al} norte de la isla se encuentra Long Island Sound , a través del cual se encuentran los estados de Connecticut y Rhode Island , en Estados Unidos .

Con una población estimada por el censo de 7,838,722 en 2015, lo que constituye casi el 40% de la población del estado de Nueva York, ^{[51] [52] [53] [54] [55]} la mayoría de los residentes de la ciudad de Nueva York, 58% en 2015, ahora viven en Long Island, es decir, los 4.896.398 residentes estimados que viven en los distritos de Brooklyn y Queens de la ciudad de Nueva York . ^[56] Long Island es la isla más poblada de cualquier estado o territorio de EE. UU. Y la decimoséptima isla más poblada del mundo (por delante de Irlanda , Jamaica y Hokkaidō ). Su densidad de poblaciónes de 5.571 habitantes por milla cuadrada (2.151 / km ² ). Si Long Island constituyera geográficamente un área estadística metropolitana independiente, ocuparía el cuarto lugar más poblado de los Estados Unidos; mientras que si fuera un estado de EE. UU., Long Island ocuparía el puesto 13 en población y el primero en densidad de población . Queens es la zona urbana con mayor diversidad étnica del mundo. ^{[57] [58]} La ciudad de Hempstead en el condado de Nassau, con una población estimada de 770,367 en 2016, es el municipio más poblado del área metropolitana de Nueva York fuera de la ciudad de Nueva York. ^[49]

Long Island es la isla más poblada de los Estados Unidos y la decimoséptima isla más poblada del mundo , pero es más conocida por su recreación, paseos en bote y millas de playas públicas, que incluyen numerosos parques de ciudades, condados y estatales, así como Fire Island National Seashore y enclaves residenciales costeros ricos y caros. A lo largo de la costa norte, la Costa Dorada de Long Island , que aparece en la película The Great Gatsby , es una sección exclusiva de los condados de Nassau y el oeste de Suffolk que alguna vez contó con muchas mansiones lujosas construidas y habitadas por ricos magnates de los negocios en los primeros años del siglo XX. siglo, de los cuales solo unos pocos se conservan como sitios históricos. El East Endde Long Island (conocido como "Twin Forks" debido a su forma física) cuenta con espacios abiertos para tierras de cultivo y bodegas . El South Fork, en particular, comprende numerosas ciudades y pueblos conocidos colectivamente como " Los Hamptons " y tiene una reputación internacional como un "patio de recreo para los ricos y famosos", con algunas de las comunidades más ricas de los Estados Unidos. En 2015, según Business Insider , el código postal 11962 que abarca Sagaponack , dentro de Southampton , fue catalogado como el más caro de los EE. UU. Por el sitio de anuncios inmobiliarios Property Shark, con un precio medio de venta de viviendas de $ 5,125,000. ^[59]Durante la temporada de verano, muchas celebridades y los ricos visitan o residen en mansiones y casas frente al mar, mientras que otros pasan los fines de semana disfrutando de las playas, jardines, bares, restaurantes y clubes nocturnos.

Long Island cuenta con una red de avenidas y autopistas , siendo Long Island Expressway , Northern State Parkway y Southern State Parkway las principales rutas de este a oeste a través de partes importantes de la isla. El acceso ferroviario de pasajeros es proporcionado por la Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Long Island Rail Road , uno de los ferrocarriles suburbanos más grandes de los Estados Unidos. Varios aeropuertos satisfacen las necesidades de transporte aéreo. Dentro de Queens, la isla alberga el Aeropuerto Internacional John F. Kennedy y el Aeropuerto LaGuardia., dos de los tres principales centros de aerolíneas que sirven al área de Nueva York (siendo el Aeropuerto Internacional Newark Liberty el tercero; los tres principales aeropuertos son operados por la Autoridad Portuaria de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey). El aeropuerto Long Island MacArthur (que presta servicios a aerolíneas comerciales) y el aeropuerto Farmingdale / Republic (vuelos privados y de cercanías) se encuentran en el condado de Suffolk.

Lower Hudson Valley

Artículo principal: Hudson Valley

Conocido por su terreno montañoso , entornos pintorescos y pintorescos pueblos y aldeas , el valle inferior del Hudson se centra alrededor del río Hudson al norte de la ciudad de Nueva York y se encuentra dentro del estado de Nueva York. Los condados de Westchester y Putnam están ubicados en el lado este del río, y los condados de Rockland y Orange están ubicados en el lado occidental del río. Los condados de Westchester y Rockland están conectados por el puente New Tappan Zee , muy transitado , así como por el puente Bear Mountain cerca de sus extremos norte. Varias ramas de la MTA Metro-North Railroadservir a los viajeros ferroviarios de la región. El sur del condado de Westchester contiene áreas más densamente pobladas e incluye las ciudades de Yonkers, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle y White Plains. Aunque muchas de las comunidades suburbanas de Westchester son conocidas por su riqueza y gastos (algunos ejemplos: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Katonah y Briarcliff Manor), el valle inferior del Hudson en su conjunto es una de las áreas de más rápido crecimiento en el área metropolitana debido a los altos costos de vivienda en Nueva York y los suburbios del interior.

Históricamente, el valle fue el hogar de muchas fábricas, incluidas las papeleras, pero un número significativo ha cerrado. Después de años de contaminación persistente, los esfuerzos de limpieza para mejorar la calidad del agua del río Hudson están actualmente planificados y serán supervisados ​​por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA). ^[60]

Mid-Hudson Valley

La región de Mid-Hudson Valley del estado de Nueva York está a medio camino entre la ciudad de Nueva York y la capital del estado de Albany . El área incluye los condados de Dutchess , Ulster y Sullivan , así como la parte norte del condado de Orange , siendo las principales ciudades de la región Poughkeepsie , Newburgh , Kingston y Beacon . The Walkway over the Hudson , es la segunda pasarela peatonal más larga del mundo. Cruza el río Hudson que conecta Poughkeepsie y Highland. El sendero Dutchess Rail Trail de 13 millas de largo se extiende desde Hopewell Junction hasta el comienzo de la pasarela sobre el Hudson en Poughkeepsie. El área alberga el Distrito Escolar Central de Wappingers , que es el segundo distrito escolar más grande del estado de Nueva York . El Newburgh Waterfront en la ciudad de Newburgh alberga muchos restaurantes de alto nivel.

La US Route 9 , la I-84 y la Taconic State Parkway atraviesan el condado de Dutchess. La estación de tren Metro-North Railroad , New Hamburg , está ubicada en la ciudad de Poughkeepsie y va desde Poughkeepsie hasta Grand Central Terminal en la ciudad de Nueva York .

Norte de Nueva Jersey

Las grandes cataratas del río Passaic en Paterson , condado de Passaic, Nueva Jersey , dedicada como Parque Histórico Nacional en noviembre de 2011, incorpora una de las cascadas más grandes del este de los Estados Unidos. ^[61]

Artículo principal: North Jersey

El norte de Nueva Jersey, también conocido coloquialmente como el norte de Jersey , se define típicamente como el que comprende los siguientes condados:

• Condado de Bergen
• Condado de Essex
• Condado de Somerset (cualquier lugar al norte del municipio de Bridgewater )
• Condado de Hudson
• Condado de Hunterdon (cualquier lugar al norte del municipio de Readington )
• Condado de Morris
• Condado de Passaic
• Condado de Sussex
• Condado de Union (cualquier lugar al norte de Westfield )
• Condado de Warren

El Departamento de Turismo del Estado de Nueva Jersey divide el norte de Jersey en la Región Gateway urbana y la Región Skylands, que es más rural . El norte de Nueva Jersey alberga cuatro de las ciudades más grandes de ese estado: Newark , Jersey City , Paterson y Elizabeth .

La región es geográficamente diversa con humedales , montañas y valles en toda el área. Tiene una gran red de autopistas y servicios ferroviarios de transporte público , operados principalmente por New Jersey Transit . El norte de Nueva Jersey también contiene el segundo aeropuerto más transitado del área metropolitana de Nueva York, el Aeropuerto Internacional Newark Liberty .

El centro de Trenton en el condado de Mercer , incluida la Casa del Estado de Nueva Jersey coronada por su cúpula dorada, junto al río Delaware.

El centro de New Brunswick , condado de Middlesex, Nueva Jersey , un distrito educativo y cultural en proceso de gentrificación

Aunque es una región rural y suburbana de Nueva York , gran parte de la región Gateway está muy urbanizada. La totalidad del condado de Hudson, el este del condado de Essex, el sur del condado de Passaic y Elizabeth en el condado de Union son áreas densamente pobladas.

Nueva Jersey central

Artículo principal: Central Jersey

Central Jersey es la parte media del estado de Nueva Jersey. Los municipios que incluyen Trenton (la capital del estado de Nueva Jersey y la única capital del estado de EE. UU. Dentro del área metropolitana de Nueva York) y Princeton (sede de la Universidad de Princeton ) se encuentran en esta subregión, al igual que una parte importante de la costa de Jersey .

• Condado de Middlesex
• Condado de Mercer
• Condado de Monmouth
• Condado de Ocean
• Condado de Union (cualquier cosa al sur de Westfield )
• Condado de Hunterdon (cualquier cosa al sur del municipio de Readington )
• Condado de Somerset (cualquier cosa al sur del municipio de Bridgewater )

Belmar , condado de Monmouth , en la costa de Jersey

La Mohonk Mountain House , condado de Ulster , Nueva York, en el valle de Hudson, fue designada Monumento Histórico Nacional en 1986. ^[62]

Sugarloaf Hill en el condado de Putnam , Nueva York, en el valle de Hudson

Un ciervo en una calle suburbana ( Highland Park , Middlesex County , Nueva Jersey )

Connecticut occidental

La zona de esquí de Mohawk Mountain , Cornwall , el condado de Litchfield, Connecticut , en las montañas de Berkshire.

Artículos principales: condado de Fairfield, Connecticut ; El condado de New Haven, Connecticut ; y el condado de Litchfield, Connecticut

Los condados de Fairfield, New Haven y Litchfield en el oeste de Connecticut (como el estado en general) son conocidos por su riqueza. Las grandes empresas se encuentran dispersas por toda el área, principalmente en el condado de Fairfield. La tierra es plana a lo largo de la costa con colinas bajas que eventualmente dan paso a colinas más grandes, como The Berkshires, más hacia el interior, hasta la frontera de Massachusetts . La mayoría de las ciudades más grandes del estado se encuentran en el condado de New Haven (sede de la Universidad de Yale ) y el condado de Fairfield.

Condado de Pike, Pensilvania

Dingmans Falls en el área recreativa nacional Delaware Water Gap , condado de Pike , noreste de Pensilvania

Artículo principal: Condado de Pike, Pensilvania

El condado de Pike se encuentra en el noreste de Pensilvania . Según el censo de 2010, la población era de 57,369. ^[63] Su asiento de condado es Milford . ^[64] Parte de la región de Pocono Mountains se encuentra dentro del condado de Pike, que se ha clasificado entre los condados de más rápido crecimiento de Pensilvania. ^{[sesenta y cinco]}

Zonas urbanas de la región

El centro de Stamford en el condado de Fairfield, Connecticut

El Distrito Histórico Verde de New Haven en Connecticut fue designado Distrito Histórico Nacional en 1970. ^[66]

El área estadística combinada es una región metropolitana multinúcleo que contiene varias áreas urbanas.

Vista aérea de Newark , el condado de Essex , la ciudad más poblada de Nueva Jersey

Biblioteca pública en Yonkers , condado de Westchester, Nueva York

Barnum Museum en Bridgeport , Fairfield County, la ciudad más poblada de Connecticut

Paterson , condado de Passaic, Nueva Jersey, conocida como la "Ciudad de la Seda", ^[67] vista aquí desde Garret Mountain Reservation , es un destino principal para un grupo diverso de inmigrantes internacionales . ^{[68] [69]}

Rango de población	Zona urbanizada	Estado (s)	Población 2010
1	Nueva York – Newark	Nueva York - Nueva Jersey - CT	18,351,295
48	Bridgeport – Stamford	CT - Nueva York	923,311
72	New Haven	Connecticut	562,839
89	Poughkeepsie – Newburgh	Nueva York	423,566
128	Trenton-Princeton	Nueva Jersey	296,668
185	Waterbury	Connecticut	194,535
201	Danbury	CT - Nueva York	168,136
429	Twin Rivers-Hightstown	Nueva Jersey	64,037
453	Middletown	Nueva York	58,381
457	Kingston	Nueva York	57,442

Principales ciudades y pueblos

La siguiente es una lista de "ciudades principales" y sus respectivas estimaciones de población de la publicación de la Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. De 2010. Las ciudades principales son generalmente aquellas donde hay un mayor número de puestos de trabajo que los residentes empleados. ^{[70] [71] [72] [73]}

• Nueva York – Norte de Nueva Jersey – Long Island MSA
  • Ciudad de Nueva York : 8,175,133
  • Hempstead, Nueva York : 759,757
  • Brookhaven, Nueva York : 486,040
  • Islip, Nueva York : 335,543
  • Oyster Bay, Nueva York : 293,214
  • Newark, Nueva Jersey : 277,140
  • Jersey City, Nueva Jersey : 247,597
  • North Hempstead, Nueva York : 226,322
  • Babylon, Nueva York : 213,603
  • Huntington, Nueva York : 203,264
  • Yonkers, Nueva York : 195,976
  • Paterson, Nueva Jersey : 146,199
  • Elizabeth, Nueva Jersey : 128,640
  • Ramapo, Nueva York : 126.595
  • Smithtown, Nueva York : 117,801
  • Edison, Nueva Jersey : 99,967
  • Municipio de Woodbridge, Nueva Jersey : 99,265
  • Nueva Rochelle, Nueva York : 77.062
  • Mount Vernon, Nueva York : 67,292
  • White Plains, Nueva York : 56,853
  • Passaic, Nueva Jersey : 72,500
  • Union, Nueva Jersey : 56,642
  • Wayne, Nueva Jersey : 54,717
• Trenton – Princeton MSA
  • Trenton, Nueva Jersey : 84,913
  • Princeton, Nueva Jersey : 28.572
• Bridgeport – Stamford – Norwalk – Danbury MSA
  • Bridgeport, Connecticut : 144,229
  • Stamford, Connecticut : 122,643
  • Norwalk, Connecticut : 85.603
  • Danbury, Connecticut : 80.893
  • Stratford, Connecticut : 51,384
• New Haven – Milford MSA
  • New Haven, Connecticut : 129.779
  • Waterbury, Connecticut : 109.272
  • Milford, Connecticut : 51.271
• Poughkeepsie – Newburgh – Middletown MSA
  • Poughkeepsie, Nueva York : 32,736
  • Newburgh, Nueva York : 28,866
  • Middletown, Nueva York : 28.086
• Kingston MSA
  • Kingston, Nueva York : 23,893
• Área de Torrington Micropolitan
  • Torrington, Connecticut : 36,383

Clima

Según la clasificación climática de Köppen , la ciudad de Nueva York, el oeste (y partes del este) de Long Island y la costa de Jersey experimentan un clima subtropical húmedo ( Cfa ), ^{[74] [75]} y, por lo tanto, Nueva York es la ciudad principal más septentrional del Continente norteamericano con este tipo de clima.

Gran parte del resto del área metropolitana se encuentra en la zona de transición de un clima subtropical húmedo ( Cfa ) a un clima continental húmedo ( Dfa ), ^{[74] [75]} y es sólo el interior, las áreas más exurbanas lejos al norte y al oeste, como el condado de Sussex, Nueva Jersey, que tienen un promedio diario de enero de -3 ° C (26,6 ° F) o menos y son continentales completamente húmedos; el régimen Dfb (subtipo de verano cálido) solo se encuentra tierra adentro a una mayor elevación, ^[74] y recibe más nevadas ^[76] que el Dfaregión. Los condados de Carbon, Monroe y Pike en Pensilvania también tienen un clima continental completamente húmedo, al igual que las áreas más frías de los condados de Lehigh y Northampton.

La zona climática oceánica ( Cfb ) solo existe en North Fork , islas en Peconic Bay y Fishers Island . Es raro en el este de América del Norte.

Los veranos en la zona suelen ser cálidos y húmedos. Las condiciones nocturnas en los cinco distritos de Nueva York y sus alrededores a menudo se ven agravadas por el fenómeno de las islas de calor urbano , y las temperaturas superan los 90 ° F (32 ° C) en promedio de 7 a 8 días (en las costas inmediatas de Long Island Sound y del Atlántico) , hasta más de 27 días (suburbios del interior de Nueva Jersey) cada verano y puede exceder los 100 ° F (38 ° C). ^{[ cita requerida ]} . Normalmente, las temperaturas cálidas a cálidas comienzan a mediados de mayo y duran hasta principios de octubre. Los veranos también presentan tormentas pasajeras que se acumulan en el calor del día y luego caen lluvias breves pero intensas.

Los inviernos son fríos con una mezcla de lluvia y nieve. Aunque los vientos predominantes en invierno son mar adentro y moderan los efectos moderadores del Océano Atlántico, el Atlántico y el blindaje parcial de los Apalaches del aire más frío mantienen el área de Nueva York más cálida en el invierno que las áreas metropolitanas del interior de América del Norte ubicadas en similares o menos latitudes como Pittsburgh , Cincinnati e Indianápolis . Los períodos cálidos con temperaturas de 50 ° F (10 ° C) + pueden ocurrir ocasionalmente también durante el invierno. ^[77] La zona de resistenciaen el área metropolitana de Nueva York varía en un amplio rango desde 5a en las áreas más altas de los condados de Dutchess, Monroe y Ulster hasta 7b en la mayor parte de la ciudad de Nueva York, así como el condado de Hudson desde Bayonne hasta el lado este de Palisades hasta la ruta 495, la la mayor parte del condado de Nassau, la costa norte del condado de Monmouth y el puerto de Copiague, Lindenhurst y Montauk en el condado de Suffolk. [4]

Casi toda el área metropolitana recibe al menos 42 pulgadas (1,070 mm) de precipitación anualmente, que se distribuye de manera relativamente uniforme a lo largo del año, y muchas áreas reciben más de 50 pulgadas (1270 mm). El promedio de nevadas invernales de 1981 a 2010 varía desde poco menos de 25 pulgadas (64 cm) a lo largo de la costa de Long Island hasta más de 50 pulgadas (127 cm) en algunas áreas del interior, pero esto generalmente varía considerablemente de un año a otro. ^{[78] Los} huracanes y las tormentas tropicales han impactado el área de los tres estados en el pasado, aunque un impacto directo es raro. Varias áreas en Long Island, Nueva Jersey y la costa de Connecticut se han visto afectadas por graves marejadas ciclónicas en el pasado. Las zonas del interior se han visto afectadas por las fuertes lluvias y las inundaciones de los ciclones tropicales. ^[79]

El área metropolitana de Nueva York tiene un promedio de 234 días con al menos algo de luz solar y el 59% de la posible luz solar al año, ^[80] acumulando de 2400 a 2800 horas de sol al año. ^[81]

v t mi Datos climáticos de Nueva York ( Belvedere Castle , Central Park ), normales de 1991 a 2020, [a] extremos de 1869 al presente [b]
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Registro alto ° F (° C)	72 (22)	78 (26)	86 (30)	96 (36)	99 (37)	101 (38)	106 (41)	104 (40)	102 (39)	94 (34)	84 (29)	75 (24)	106 (41)
Máximo medio ° F (° C)	60,4 (15,8)	60,7 (15,9)	70,3 (21,3)	82,9 (28,3)	88,5 (31,4)	92,1 (33,4)	95,7 (35,4)	93,4 (34,1)	89,0 (31,7)	79,7 (26,5)	70,7 (21,5)	62,9 (17,2)	97,0 (36,1)
Promedio alto ° F (° C)	39,5 (4,2)	42,2 (5,7)	49,9 (9,9)	61,8 (16,6)	71,4 (21,9)	79,7 (26,5)	84,9 (29,4)	83,3 (28,5)	76,2 (24,6)	64,5 (18,1)	54,0 (12,2)	44,3 (6,8)	62,6 (17,0)
Media diaria ° F (° C)	33,7 (0,9)	35,9 (2,2)	42,8 (6,0)	53,7 (12,1)	63,2 (17,3)	72,0 (22,2)	77,5 (25,3)	76,1 (24,5)	69,2 (20,7)	57,9 (14,4)	48,0 (8,9)	39,1 (3,9)	55,8 (13,2)
Promedio bajo ° F (° C)	27,9 (−2,3)	29,5 (−1,4)	35,8 (2,1)	45,5 (7,5)	55,0 (12,8)	64,4 (18,0)	70,1 (21,2)	68,9 (20,5)	62,3 (16,8)	51,4 (10,8)	42,0 (5,6)	33,8 (1,0)	48,9 (9,4)
Mínimo medio ° F (° C)	9,8 (−12,3)	12,7 (−10,7)	19,7 (−6,8)	32,8 (0,4)	43,9 (6,6)	52,7 (11,5)	61,8 (16,6)	60,3 (15,7)	50,2 (10,1)	38,4 (3,6)	27,7 (−2,4)	18,0 (−7,8)	7,7 (−13,5)
Grabar bajo ° F (° C)	−6 (−21)	−15 (−26)	3 (−16)	12 (−11)	32 (0)	44 (7)	52 (11)	50 (10)	39 (4)	28 (−2)	5 (−15)	−13 (−25)	−15 (−26)
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm)	3,64 (92)	3,19 (81)	4,29 (109)	4.09 (104)	3,96 (101)	4,54 (115)	4,60 (117)	4,56 (116)	4,31 (109)	4,38 (111)	3,58 (91)	4,38 (111)	49,52 (1.258)
Nevadas promedio pulgadas (cm)	8,8 (22)	10,1 (26)	5,0 (13)	0,4 (1,0)	0,0 (0,0)	0,0 (0,0)	0,0 (0,0)	0,0 (0,0)	0,0 (0,0)	0,1 (0,25)	0,5 (1,3)	4,9 (12)	29,8 (76)
Días de precipitación promedio (≥ 0.01 in)	10,8	10.0	11,1	11,4	11,5	11,2	10,5	10.0	8.8	9.5	9.2	11,4	125,4
Promedio de días de nieve (≥ 0,1 pulg.)	3,7	3.2	2.0	0,2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0,2	2.1	11,4
Media de humedad relativa (%)	61,5	60,2	58,5	55,3	62,7	65,2	64,2	66,0	67,8	65,6	64,6	64,1	63,0
Punto de rocío medio ° F (° C)	18,0 (−7,8)	19,0 (−7,2)	25,9 (−3,4)	34,0 (1,1)	47,3 (8,5)	57,4 (14,1)	61,9 (16,6)	62,1 (16,7)	55,6 (13,1)	44,1 (6,7)	34,0 (1,1)	24,6 (−4,1)	40,3 (4,6)
Promedio de horas de sol mensuales	162,7	163,1	212,5	225,6	256,6	257,3	268,2	268,2	219,3	211.2	151,0	139,0	2.534,7
Porcentaje posible de luz solar	54	55	57	57	57	57	59	63	59	61	51	48	57
Índice ultravioleta medio	2	3	4	6	7	8	8	8	6	4	2	1	5
Fuente 1: NOAA (humedad relativa y sol 1961-1990; punto de rocío 1965-1984) [83] [84] [85] [86]
Fuente 2: Atlas meteorológico [87] Consulte Clima de la ciudad de Nueva York para obtener información adicional sobre el clima de los distritos exteriores.

Los datos climáticos de Nueva York
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Temperatura promedio del mar ° F (° C)	41,7 (5,4)	39,7 (4,3)	40,2 (4,5)	45,1 (7,3)	52,5 (11,4)	64,5 (18,1)	72,1 (22,3)	74,1 (23,4)	70,1 (21,2)	63,0 (17,3)	54,3 (12,4)	47,2 (8,4)	55,4 (13,0)
Fuente: Weather Atlas [87]

Los datos climáticos de Newark, Nueva Jersey ( Newark Liberty Int'l )
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Registro alto ° F (° C)	74 (23)	76 (24)	89 (32)	97 (36)	99 (37)	102 (39)	108 (42)	105 (41)	105 (41)	93 (34)	85 (29)	76 (24)	108 (42)
Promedio alto ° F (° C)	38,8 (3,8)	42,3 (5,7)	50,7 (10,4)	62,0 (16,7)	72,1 (22,3)	81,5 (27,5)	86,0 (30,0)	84,0 (28,9)	76,7 (24,8)	65,3 (18,5)	54,6 (12,6)	43,5 (6,4)	63,1 (17,3)
Promedio bajo ° F (° C)	24,5 (-4,2)	26,9 (−2,8)	33,6 (0,9)	43,7 (6,5)	53,3 (11,8)	63,3 (17,4)	68,7 (20,4)	67,5 (19,7)	59,7 (15,4)	48,0 (8,9)	39,0 (3,9)	29,6 (−1,3)	46,5 (8,1)
Grabar bajo ° F (° C)	−8 (−22)	−14 (−26)	6 (−14)	16 (−9)	33 (1)	41 (5)	51 (11)	45 (7)	35 (2)	25 (−4)	12 (−11)	−8 (−22)	−14 (−26)
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm)	3,53 (90)	2,88 (73)	4,18 (106)	4,20 (107)	4.09 (104)	4.02 (102)	4,76 (121)	3,70 (94)	3,82 (97)	3,60 (91)	3,65 (93)	3,80 (97)	46,24 (1.174)
Nevadas promedio pulgadas (cm)	8,9 (23)	9,5 (24)	4,4 (11)	0,9 (2,3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.4 (1.0)	5,4 (14)	29,5 (75,3)
Días de precipitación promedio (≥ 0.01 pulgadas)	10,4	9,8	11,0	11,5	11,3	11,0	10.1	9,7	8,6	8.7	9.5	10,6	122,1
Promedio de días de nieve (≥ 0,1 pulgada)	5,0	3,7	2.4	.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	.4	2.9	14,7
Fuente: NOAA (normales de 1981 a 2010) [ cita requerida ]

Los datos climáticos de White Plains, Nueva York ( Aeropuerto de Westchester Co. )
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Promedio alto ° F (° C)	35,4 (1,9)	38,8 (3,8)	46,8 (8,2)	58.0 (14.4)	68,0 (20,0)	77,0 (25,0)	81,6 (27,6)	79,9 (26,6)	72,5 (22,5)	61,5 (16,4)	51,4 (10,8)	40,4 (4,7)	59,4 (15,2)
Promedio bajo ° F (° C)	21,1 (−6,1)	22,9 (−5,1)	29,3 (−1,5)	39,3 (4,1)	48,6 (9,2)	58,9 (14,9)	63,9 (17,7)	62,9 (17,2)	55,1 (12,8)	43,7 (6,5)	36,0 (2,2)	26,8 (−2,9)	42,5 (5,8)
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm)	3,78 (96)	2,99 (76)	4,52 (115)	4,40 (112)	4,12 (105)	4,25 (108)	3,71 (94)	4,16 (106)	4,72 (120)	4,41 (112)	3,97 (101)	4,32 (110)	49,35 (1.255)
Nevadas promedio pulgadas (cm)	8,9 (23)	8,8 (22)	5,4 (14)	1,0 (2,5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0,3 (0,76)	5,5 (14)	29,9 (76,26)
Días de precipitación promedio (≥ 0.01 pulgadas)	9.3	8.5	10,3	10,3	10,9	9,9	9.0	9.5	8.7	9.0	9,9	10,4	115,7
Promedio de días de nieve (≥ 0,1 pulgada)	3.6	2,7	2.0	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	.3	2.3	11,2
Fuente: NOAA (normales de 1981 a 2010) [ cita requerida ]

Los datos climáticos de West Point, Nueva York
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Registro alto ° F (° C)	71 (22)	72 (22)	86 (30)	96 (36)	97 (36)	102 (39)	106 (41)	105 (41)	105 (41)	92 (33)	82 (28)	72 (22)	106 (41)
Promedio alto ° F (° C)	34,8 (1,6)	38,6 (3,7)	47,7 (8,7)	60,6 (15,9)	71,3 (21,8)	79,8 (26,6)	84,5 (29,2)	82,5 (28,1)	74,8 (23,8)	62,5 (16,9)	51,3 (10,7)	39,6 (4,2)	60,7 (15,9)
Promedio bajo ° F (° C)	20,1 (−6,6)	22,4 (−5,3)	29,4 (-1,4)	40,1 (4,5)	49,8 (9,9)	59,1 (15,1)	63,7 (17,6)	63,0 (17,2)	55,2 (12,9)	44,5 (6,9)	35,8 (2,1)	26,2 (−3,2)	42,4 (5,8)
Grabar bajo ° F (° C)	−15 (−26)	−17 (−27)	−2 (−19)	12 (−11)	25 (−4)	39 (4)	40 (4)	35 (2)	28 (−2)	20 (−7)	5 (−15)	−16 (−27)	−17 (−27)
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm)	3,73 (95)	2,97 (75)	3,93 (100)	4,00 (102)	4,15 (105)	4,59 (117)	4,59 (117)	4,54 (115)	4,47 (114)	4,99 (127)	4,33 (110)	4,27 (108)	50,55 (1.284)
Nevadas promedio pulgadas (cm)	12,2 (31)	11,2 (28)	5,6 (14)	0,2 (0,51)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0,6 (1,5)	5,5 (14)	35,3 (89,01)
Días de precipitación promedio (≥ 0.01 pulgadas)	9,8	7.8	9.2	10,6	11,4	11,3	10,2	9.3	8.2	8.8	9.4	10.0	115,9
Promedio de días de nieve (≥ 0,1 pulgada)	5.1	3.1	1,6	.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	.3	1,7	11,9
Fuente: NOAA (normales de 1981 a 2010) [ cita requerida ]

Los datos climáticos de Bridgehampton, Nueva York
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Registro alto ° F (° C)	67 (19)	63 (17)	79 (26)	92 (33)	93 (34)	95 (35)	102 (39)	100 (38)	94 (34)	88 (31)	75 (24)	70 (21)	102 (39)
Promedio alto ° F (° C)	38,9 (3,8)	40,5 (4,7)	47,0 (8,3)	56,3 (13,5)	66,1 (18,9)	75,2 (24,0)	81,0 (27,2)	80,2 (26,8)	73,5 (23,1)	63,2 (17,3)	53,7 (12,1)	43,8 (6,6)	60,0 (15,6)
Promedio bajo ° F (° C)	23,8 (-4,6)	25,5 (−3,6)	31,0 (−0,6)	39,6 (4,2)	48,2 (9,0)	58,3 (14,6)	64,0 (17,8)	63,2 (17,3)	56,0 (13,3)	45,1 (7,3)	37,5 (3,1)	28,6 (−1,9)	43,4 (6,3)
Grabar bajo ° F (° C)	−11 (−24)	−12 (−24)	6 (−14)	14 (−10)	29 (−2)	36 (2)	46 (8)	41 (5)	35 (2)	22 (−6)	10 (−12)	−6 (−21)	−12 (−24)
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm)	4,00 (102)	3,72 (94)	5,07 (129)	4,52 (115)	3,78 (96)	4,12 (105)	3,45 (88)	3,92 (100)	4,60 (117)	4,20 (107)	4,37 (111)	4,38 (111)	50,13 (1.275)
Nevadas promedio pulgadas (cm)	7,8 (20)	8,4 (21)	5,0 (13)	0,9 (2,3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0,7 (1,8)	3,9 (9,9)	26,7 (68)
Días de precipitación promedio (≥ 0.01 pulgadas)	9,9	8,9	10,2	10,5	10,7	8.8	7,9	7.7	8.1	8.4	9.5	10.0	110,6
Promedio de días de nieve (≥ 0,1 pulgada)	3.2	3,0	1,9	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	.2	1,7	10,3
Fuente: NOAA (normales de 1981 a 2010) [ cita requerida ]

Los datos climáticos de Bridgeport, Connecticut ( Aeropuerto de Sikorsky )
Mes	ene	feb	mar	abr	Mayo	jun	jul	ago	sep	oct	nov	dic	Año
Registro alto ° F (° C)	68 (20)	67 (19)	84 (29)	91 (33)	97 (36)	97 (36)	103 (39)	100 (38)	99 (37)	89 (32)	78 (26)	76 (24)	103 (39)
Average high °F (°C)	37.1 (2.8)	39.7 (4.3)	47.2 (8.4)	57.6 (14.2)	67.6 (19.8)	77.0 (25.0)	82.1 (27.8)	80.8 (27.1)	74.0 (23.3)	63.2 (17.3)	53.1 (11.7)	42.3 (5.7)	60.1 (15.6)
Average low °F (°C)	23.1 (−4.9)	25.2 (−3.8)	31.4 (−0.3)	41.0 (5.0)	50.5 (10.3)	60.2 (15.7)	66.3 (19.1)	65.6 (18.7)	58.0 (14.4)	46.4 (8.0)	37.9 (3.3)	28.4 (−2.0)	44.5 (6.9)
Record low °F (°C)	−7 (−22)	−5 (−21)	4 (−16)	18 (−8)	31 (−1)	41 (5)	49 (9)	44 (7)	36 (2)	26 (−3)	16 (−9)	−4 (−20)	−7 (−22)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.10 (79)	2.79 (71)	4.04 (103)	4.13 (105)	3.80 (97)	3.64 (92)	3.46 (88)	3.96 (101)	3.48 (88)	3.64 (92)	3.39 (86)	3.33 (85)	42.75 (1,086)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	9.2 (23)	8.2 (21)	5.4 (14)	.9 (2.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.7 (1.8)	5.5 (14)	30.0 (76)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch)	10.9	9.7	11.3	11.0	11.8	11.1	8.9	8.9	8.2	8.8	10.0	11.1	121.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 inch)	5.0	3.6	2.4	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	.5	3.1	15.0
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]

Climate data for Danbury, Connecticut
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	71 (22)	77 (25)	92 (33)	95 (35)	97 (36)	105 (41)	106 (41)	104 (40)	100 (38)	91 (33)	82 (28)	80 (27)	106 (41)
Average high °F (°C)	35.6 (2.0)	39.6 (4.2)	48.7 (9.3)	61.0 (16.1)	71.9 (22.2)	80.8 (27.1)	84.9 (29.4)	82.5 (28.1)	74.5 (23.6)	62.7 (17.1)	51.3 (10.7)	39.9 (4.4)	61.1 (16.2)
Average low °F (°C)	19.2 (−7.1)	21.8 (−5.7)	28.6 (−1.9)	38.9 (3.8)	48.4 (9.1)	58.5 (14.7)	63.4 (17.4)	61.8 (16.6)	53.4 (11.9)	41.8 (5.4)	33.6 (0.9)	24.6 (−4.1)	41.2 (5.1)
Record low °F (°C)	−18 (−28)	−16 (−27)	−9 (−23)	14 (−10)	25 (−4)	35 (2)	38 (3)	37 (3)	23 (−5)	16 (−9)	0 (−18)	−11 (−24)	−18 (−28)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.76 (96)	3.18 (81)	4.43 (113)	4.36 (111)	4.57 (116)	4.74 (120)	4.99 (127)	4.55 (116)	4.66 (118)	4.89 (124)	4.54 (115)	4.16 (106)	52.83 (1,343)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	14.9 (38)	13.1 (33)	9.7 (25)	1.6 (4.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.2 (3.0)	9.7 (25)	50.2 (128.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch)	11.5	10.0	11.8	11.5	12.2	12.0	10.4	9.4	9.3	9.2	10.0	11.6	128.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 inch)	7.9	5.4	4.2	.9	0	0	0	0	0	.1	1.0	5.0	24.5
Source: NOAA (1981–2010 normals)[citation needed]

Climate data for Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	72 (22)	74 (23)	87 (31)	96 (36)	97 (36)	110 (43)	104 (40)	103 (39)	106 (41)	95 (35)	98 (37)	72 (22)	110 (43)
Average high °F (°C)	35 (2)	39 (4)	49 (9)	61 (16)	72 (22)	80 (27)	85 (29)	83 (28)	75 (24)	64 (18)	51 (11)	40 (4)	61 (16)
Average low °F (°C)	16 (−9)	17 (−8)	26 (−3)	36 (2)	46 (8)	55 (13)	59 (15)	58 (14)	50 (10)	38 (3)	30 (−1)	22 (−6)	38 (3)
Record low °F (°C)	−25 (−32)	−21 (−29)	−14 (−26)	10 (−12)	24 (−4)	32 (0)	36 (2)	32 (0)	20 (−7)	14 (−10)	2 (−17)	−14 (−26)	−25 (−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.98 (101)	3.01 (76)	3.84 (98)	4.00 (102)	5.01 (127)	4.56 (116)	4.42 (112)	4.28 (109)	4.89 (124)	3.81 (97)	4.26 (108)	3.92 (100)	49.98 (1,270)
Source: Weatherbase[88]

Climate data for Morristown, New Jersey
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	38 (3)	41 (5)	50 (10)	61 (16)	71 (22)	80 (27)	85 (29)	83 (28)	75 (24)	65 (18)	54 (12)	43 (6)	62 (17)
Average low °F (°C)	18 (−8)	19 (−7)	27 (−3)	36 (2)	46 (8)	54 (12)	59 (15)	58 (14)	51 (11)	39 (4)	32 (0)	23 (−5)	39 (4)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	4.50 (114)	3.00 (76)	4.41 (112)	4.64 (118)	5.09 (129)	4.40 (112)	5.29 (134)	4.37 (111)	5.33 (135)	4.17 (106)	4.37 (111)	4.10 (104)	53.67 (1,363)
Source: [89]

History

Main article: History of New York City

Peter Minuit is credited with the purchase of the island of Manhattan in 1626.

New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it New York

Little Italy, Lower East Side, Manhattan, circa 1900.

The United Nations Headquarters, established in Midtown Manhattan in 1952

Liberty Enlightening the World, known as the Statue of Liberty, on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, is a globally recognized symbol of both the United States and ideals such as freedom, democracy, and opportunity.^[90]

One World Trade Center, built in its place and opened in 2014.

During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of the New York metropolitan region today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

The Unisphere in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, iconic of Queens, the most ethnically diverse U.S. county and a borough of New York.^[91][92]

At the time of European contact the region was inhabited by Native Americans, predominantly the Lenape,^[93] and others. The Native Americans used the abundant waterways in the area for many purposes, such as fishing and trade routes. Sailing for France in 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to enter the local waters and encounter the residents, but he did not make landfall. Henry Hudson, sailing for the Dutch in 1609, visited the area and built a settlement on Lower Manhattan Island that was eventually renamed New Amsterdam by Dutch colonists in 1626.^[94] In 1664, the area went under English control,^[94][95] and was later renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.^[96][97]

As the fur trade expanded further north, New York became a trading hub, which brought in a diverse set of ethnic groups including Africans, Jews, and Portuguese. The island of Manhattan had an extraordinary natural harbor formed by New York Bay (actually the drowned lower river valley of the Hudson River, enclosed by glacial moraines), the East River (actually a tidal strait), and the Hudson River, all of which merge at the southern tip, from which all later development spread. During the American Revolution, the strategic waterways made New York vitally important as a wartime base for the British navy. Many battles such as the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of New York were fought in the region to secure it. New York was captured by the British early in the war, becoming a haven for Loyalist refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790,^[98] after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York has been the country's largest city since 1790.^[99] In 1792, the Buttonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange.

The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries^[100] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.^[101] Large-scale immigration into New York was a result of a large demand for manpower. A cosmopolitan attitude in the city created tolerance for various cultures and ethnic groups. German, Irish, and Italian immigrants were among the largest ethnic groups. Today, many of their descendants continue to live in the region. Cultural buildings such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Opera, and the American Museum of Natural History were built. New York newspapers were read around the country as media moguls James Gordon Bennett, Sr., Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst battled for readership. In 1884, over 70% of exports passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five boroughs of New York — The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island — were consolidated into a single city in 1898.^[102][103]

The main concourse of Grand Central Terminal, which opened in 1913.

The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities. The New York City Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, one of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and the Independent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations such as Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station helped fuel suburban growth. During the era of the Prohibition, when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The Broadway Theater District developed with the showing of the musical, Show Boat.

The Great Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City planner Robert Moses began his automobile-centered career of building bridges, parkways, and later expressways. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by blockades of German U-boats, which limited shipping with Europe.

After its population peaked in 1950, much of the city's population left for the suburbs of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result of white flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses leaving for the suburbs and other cities. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated the decay in Midtown Manhattan to a certain extent, but later failed. There was little reported social disruption during the Northeast Blackout of 1965, but the New York City Blackout of 1977 caused massive rioting in some parts of the city. A rare highlight was the completion of the former World Trade Center, which once stood as the tallest buildings in the world.

In the 1980s, the city economy was booming. Wall Street was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market. Despite this, crime was still an issue. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially. Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century.

A flooded Avenue C in Manhattan just moments before the explosion at an electrical substation caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012.^[104]

A major event in the region's and the nation's history was the September 11th attacks in 2001, which killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number of high-rise residences. In 2003, another blackout occurred, the 2003 North America blackout, but the city suffered no looting and a building boom in New York continues to this day.

On October 29 and 30, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with record-high storm surge, severe flooding, and high winds, causing power outages for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and malfunctions at electrical substations, leading to gasoline shortages and snarling mass transit systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms of physical infrastructure and private property as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of dollars.^[105] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.^[106][107]

Statistical history

The U.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as standard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The "New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties (Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic) became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In 1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers within a wider labor market area. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12 PMSAs.

Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic, Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex, Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a new set of standards was established using the Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) model was adopted and remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, Trenton–Princeton, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford (includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,^[108] and assimilated Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–PA MSA. In 2018, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA was removed from the Combined Statistical Area.^[109]

Proposals for the region

See also: Partition and secession in New York

The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states. This has to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitutional complexity of the metropolitan region being cross-state. Within the State of New York over the last 30 years,^[110] discussions have emerged of splitting the states into different regions with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the same state — as opposed to seeing New York and its metropolitan area being split into a separate state.^[111][112] The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in the state legislature.^[113][114]

The discussion surrounding the re-organisation of New York State has commonly been in two models: The two-region model creates a "downstate" New York region which would consist of all five New York City boroughs, Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties, then Upstate would be the remaining 53;^[113][111] and the three-region model is New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of New York State.^{[113][112][115]} This debate was reported as recent as February 2019, when Republican state Senator Daphne Jordan supported the state being split into two states,^[113][111] however it was believed that the proposal would require an act of congress for it to be passed.^[116]

Demographics

Historical populations – New York Metropolitan Area (MSA)
Census	Pop.		%±
1950	12,911,994		—
1960	13,570,926		5.1%
1970	14,787,249		9.0%
1980	14,139,713		−4.4%
1990	16,264,981		15.0%
2000	17,770,162		9.3%
2010	19,567,410		10.1%
2019 (est.)	19,216,182		−1.8%
U.S. Decennial Census 2011 estimate

Spanish Harlem (El Barrio) in Upper Manhattan

Chinatown, Manhattan (紐約華埠). The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest population of overseas Chinese outside of Asia, over three-quarters of a million in 2013.^[117][118]

Bergen County (버겐 카운티), New Jersey, is home to all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population, led by Palisades Park (벼랑 공원) (above), a borough where Koreans comprise the majority (52%) of the population.^[119][120]

Further information: Chinese in the New York City metropolitan region, Indians in the New York City metropolitan region, Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region, Koreans in the New York City metropolitan region, Japanese in the New York City metropolitan region, Russians in the New York City metropolitan region, Jews in the New York City metropolitan region, Puerto Ricans in the New York City metropolitan region, and LGBT culture in New York City

India Square, Jersey City, New Jersey, known as Little Bombay,^[121] home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the Western Hemisphere.^[122]

2010 Census

Racial composition	2010
White	73.4%
—Non-Hispanic White	51.7%
—Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	21.7%
Black or African-American	15.3%
Asian	9%
Native American or Alaskan Native	0.2%
Other	0.5%
Two or more races	1.6%

As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865 per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7% White (non-Latino), 21.7% Latino, 15.3% African-American, 9.0% Asian-American, 0.16% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.03% Pacific Islands American, 0.5% Other, and 1.6% Multiracial.^[123]

The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6% were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while females were 51.7% of the population.^{[citation needed]}

97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There were 8,103,731 households, of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436 were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.^{[citation needed]}

26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639) were born in Latin America, 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born in Asia, 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born in Europe, 3.8% or 224,109 were born in Africa, and 0.2% or 11,957 were born in Oceania.^{[citation needed]}

Population estimates

As of July 1, 2015, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the New York metropolitan area at 23,723,696, an increase of 647,032 from 2010.^[17]

The New York metropolitan region is ethnically diverse. Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.^[124] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.^[125] The New York borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.^[126][127] The Han Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State; multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown (紐約華埠), in Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and around Flushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban Nassau County.^[128] on Long Island,^[129] as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas.^{[130][131][132][133][134][135]} In 2012, 6.3% of New York was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.^[136] In particular, the New York area has over 100,000 Fuzhounese people.^[137] A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族) or Joseonjok (Korean: 조선족)) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens.^[138] Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.^[139] Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,^[140] as well as Malaysians^[21] and other Southeast Asians;^[141] while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian immigrants.

New York has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.^[142] The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.^[143] People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000 and 14,000 people.^[144] Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,^[145] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,^[146] most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.^[147]

The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest gay and bisexual community in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[148][149]

The wider New York metropolitan area is also ethnically diverse.^[150] The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most popular gateway regions.^{[151][152][153][154]} It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe.^[138] The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;^[155][156] the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,^[130] Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American^[130] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;^[143] and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone,^[157] with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 819,527 uniracial overseas Chinese as of 2014 Census estimates,^[158] the largest outside of Asia.^[117][118]

Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.^[159] Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.

The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[148][149] Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.^[160] The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade) traverses southward down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending at Greenwich Village, and rivals the Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.^[161]

Religion

The landmark Neo-Gothic Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral, Midtown Manhattan.

Brooklyn's rapidly growing Orthodox Jewish (יהודי) community is the largest in the United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals.^[162]

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York (Arabic: المركز الثقافي الإسلامي في نيويورك‎) in Upper Manhattan.

Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam (Telugu: శ్రీ మహావల్లభ గణపతి దేవస్థానం) or (Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்), in Flushing, Queens, the oldest Hindu temple in the United States.

The Chuang Yen Monastery (莊嚴寺), in Kent, Putnam County, houses the largest indoor statue of Buddha in the Western Hemisphere.^[163]

Atheism, promoted on an electronic billboard in Times Square, is observed by a significant proportion of New Yorkers.

The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed that the religious makeup of the New York metro area was as follows:

Religious affiliation in the New York City metro area (2014)^[164]

Affiliation	% of New York population
Christian	59	59
Catholic	33	33
Protestant	23	23
Evangelical Protestant	9	9
Mainline Protestant	8	8
Black church	6	6
Other Christian	3	3
Unaffiliated	24	24
Nothing in particular	15	15
Agnostic	4	4
Atheist	4	4
Jewish	8	8
Hindu	3	3
Muslim	3	3
Buddhist	1	1
Other faiths	1	1
Don't know/refused answer	1	1
Total	100	100

County	2016 Estimate	2010 Census	Change	Area	Density
Bronx County, New York	1,455,720	1,385,108	+5.10%	42.10 sq mi (109.0 km2)	34,578/sq mi (13,351/km2)
Dutchess County, New York	294,473	297,488	−1.01%	795.63 sq mi (2,060.7 km2)	370/sq mi (143/km2)
Kings County, New York	2,629,150	2,504,700	+4.97%	70.82 sq mi (183.4 km2)	37,124/sq mi (14,334/km2)
Nassau County, New York	1,361,500	1,339,532	+1.64%	284.72 sq mi (737.4 km2)	4,782/sq mi (1,846/km2)
New York County, New York	1,643,734	1,585,873	+3.65%	22.83 sq mi (59.1 km2)	71,999/sq mi (27,799/km2)
Orange County, New York	379,210	372,813	+1.72%	811.69 sq mi (2,102.3 km2)	467/sq mi (180/km2)
Putnam County, New York	98,900	99,710	−0.81%	230.31 sq mi (596.5 km2)	429/sq mi (166/km2)
Queens County, New York	2,333,054	2,230,722	+4.59%	108.53 sq mi (281.1 km2)	21,497/sq mi (8,300/km2)
Richmond County, New York	476,015	468,730	+1.55%	58.37 sq mi (151.2 km2)	8,155/sq mi (3,149/km2)
Rockland County, New York	326,780	311,687	+4.84%	173.55 sq mi (449.5 km2)	1,883/sq mi (727/km2)
Suffolk County, New York	1,492,583	1,493,350	−0.05%	912.05 sq mi (2,362.2 km2)	1,637/sq mi (632/km2)
Westchester County, New York	974,542	949,113	+2.68%	430.50 sq mi (1,115.0 km2)	2,264/sq mi (874/km2)
Bergen County, New Jersey	939,151	905,116	+3.76%	233.01 sq mi (603.5 km2)	4,031/sq mi (1,556/km2)
Essex County, New Jersey	796,914	783,969	+1.65%	126.21 sq mi (326.9 km2)	6,212/sq mi (2,398/km2)
Hudson County, New Jersey	677,983	634,266	+6.89%	46.19 sq mi (119.6 km2)	14,678/sq mi (5,667/km2)
Hunterdon County, New Jersey	124,676	128,349	−2.86%	427.82 sq mi (1,108.0 km2)	291/sq mi (113/km2)
Middlesex County, New Jersey	837,073	809,858	+3.36%	308.91 sq mi (800.1 km2)	2,710/sq mi (1,046/km2)
Monmouth County, New Jersey	625,846	630,380	−0.72%	468.79 sq mi (1,214.2 km2)	1,335/sq mi (515/km2)
Morris County, New Jersey	498,423	492,276	+1.25%	460.18 sq mi (1,191.9 km2)	1,083/sq mi (418/km2)
Ocean County, New Jersey	592,497	576,567	+2.76%	628.78 sq mi (1,628.5 km2)	917/sq mi (354/km2)
Passaic County, New Jersey	507,945	501,226	+1.34%	184.59 sq mi (478.1 km2)	2,752/sq mi (1,062/km2)
Somerset County, New Jersey	333,751	323,444	+3.19%	301.81 sq mi (781.7 km2)	1,106/sq mi (427/km2)
Sussex County, New Jersey	142,522	149,265	−4.52%	519.01 sq mi (1,344.2 km2)	275/sq mi (106/km2)
Union County, New Jersey	555,630	536,499	+3.57%	102.85 sq mi (266.4 km2)	5,402/sq mi (2,086/km2)
Pike County, Pennsylvania	55,562	57,369	−3.15%	544.96 sq mi (1,411.4 km2)	102/sq mi (39/km2)
Total	20,153,634	19,567,410	+3.00%	8,294.21 sq mi (21,481.9 km2)	2,430/sq mi (938/km2)

Economy

Main article: Economy of New York City

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on the North Shore of Long Island is an internationally renowned biomedical research facility and home to eight scientists awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

The New York City regional economy is the largest in the United States and the second-largest in the world, behind the Greater Tokyo Area. In 2015, the CSA had a GDP of $1.83 trillion, which would rank 8th among countries. Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York,^[165] as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.^[166] In 2012 and 2015, New York topped the first and second Global Economic Power Index lists, respectively, as published by The Atlantic, with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on five different lists as published by five separate entities.^[11][167] Finance, international trade, new and traditional media, real estate, education, fashion and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing are the leading industries in the area.

Along with its wealth, the area has a cost of living that is among the highest in the United States.^[168]

The NY Stock Exchange on Wall St. is the world's largest by total market capitalization of listed companies.^[169][170]

Wall Street

Main article: Wall Street

New York's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. Anchored by Wall Street, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world,^{[11][171][172][173][174]} and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.^[169][170] The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.^[175]

Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m²) of office space in 2013,^[176] making it the largest office market in the United States,^[177] while Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the nation.^[178]

Lower Manhattan is the third largest central business district in the United States and is home to both the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013.^[170] Wall Street investment banking fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion,^[179] while in 2013, senior New York bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as US$324,000 annually.^[180]

In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association.^[181]

Many Wall Street firms have added or moved auxiliary financial or technical operations into Jersey City, to take advantage of New Jersey's relatively lower commercial real estate and rental prices, while offering continued geographic proximity to Manhattan's financial industry ecosystem.^[182]

Manhattan's Flatiron District was the cradle of Silicon Alley, now metonymous for the New York metropolitan region's high tech sector, which has since expanded beyond the area.^[183]

Silicon Alley

Main article: Silicon Alley

Further information: Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area and Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area

Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's high technology industries^[184] involving the Internet, new media, financial technology (fintech), telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$7.3 billion in venture capital investment,^[185] most based in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York and across the metropolitan region, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship,^[185] social tolerance,^[186] and environmental sustainability,^[187][188] as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines,^[189] the city's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity.^[190] Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City.^[191]

Butler Library at Columbia University, described as one of the most beautiful college libraries in the United States.^[192]

The biotechnology sector is also growing in the New York metropolitan region, based upon its strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then-New York mayor Michael Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build Cornell Tech, a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences on Roosevelt Island, Manhattan with the goal of transforming New York into the world's premier technology capital.^[193][194] By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m²) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology.^[195] Westchester County has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over US$1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016,^[196] earning the county the nickname Biochester.^[197]

Low Library, the Neoclassical centerpiece of the Columbia University campus

The bronze clock on Harkness Tower at Yale University, a structure reflecting the Collegiate Gothic architectural genre

Watercolor of Cleveland Tower, Princeton University, seen in the noon autumn sun

Port of New York and New Jersey

Main article: Port of New York and New Jersey

The Port of New York and New Jersey is the port district of the New York metropolitan area, encompassing the region within approximately a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. A major economic engine for the New York metropolitan area, the port includes the system of navigable waterways in the estuary along 650 miles (1,050 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York and the Gateway Region of northeastern New Jersey, as well as the region's airports and supporting rail and roadway distribution networks. In 2010, 4,811 ships entered the harbor carrying over 32.2 million metric tons of cargo valued at over $175 billion.^[198] The port handled $208 billion in shipping cargo in 2011. Approximately 3,200,000 TEUs of containers and 700,000 automobiles are handled per year.^[199] In the first half of 2014, the port handled 1,583,449 containers, a 35,000-container increase above the six-month record set in 2012,^[200] while the port handled a monthly record of 306,805 containers in October 2014.^[201]

Water purity and availability

Further information: Food and water in New York City and New York City water supply system

Water purity and availability are a lifeline for the New York metropolitan region. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.^[202] As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.^[203] The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water.^[204] The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history,^[205] with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.^[206] Much of the fresh water for northern and central New Jersey is provided by reservoirs, but numerous municipal water wells exist which accomplish the same purpose.

Education

The New York metropolitan area is home to many prestigious institutions of higher education. Three Ivy League universities: Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut – all ranked amongst the top 3 U.S. national universities as per U.S. News & World Report as of 2018^[207] – reside in the region,^[208] as well as New York University and The Rockefeller University, both located in Manhattan; all of the above have been ranked amongst the top 35 universities in the world.^[209] Rutgers University, a global university located 27 mi (43 km) southwest of Manhattan in New Brunswick, New Jersey, is by far the largest university in the region.^[210] New York Institute of Technology is located on two campuses, one in Old Westbury, Long Island and one near Columbus Circle in Manhattan. Hofstra University is Long Island's largest private university.^[211] Fordham University, also a Tier-1 university,^[212] is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the northeastern United States,^[213] and the third-oldest university in New York.^[214] The New York City Department of Education is the largest school district in the United States serving over 1.2 million students.^[215] The overall region also hosts many public high schools, some of which have been described as among the most prestigious in the country.^[216]

Attainment

According to the 2010 American Community Survey, of the 14,973,063 persons in this area over 25 years of age, 14.8% (2,216,578) had a graduate or professional degree, 21.1% (3,166,037) had a bachelor's degree, 6.4% (962,007) had an associate degree, 16.0% (2,393,990) had some college education but no degree, 26.8% (4,009,901) had a high school diploma or equivalent, 14.8% (2,224,557) had less than a high school education.^[217] In 2010, CNN Money ranked the area as one of the top 10 smartest regions in the United States.^[218]

Transportation

The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by length of routes and by number of stations.

The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) rapid transit rail system connects Manhattan and metropolitan northern New Jersey beneath the Hudson River.

An Acela Express train going to New York. The Acela Express, operated by Amtrak through the Northeast Corridor, is the sole high-speed rail service in the country.

The depth and intricacy of the transportation network in the New York region parallel the size and complexity of the metropolis itself.

In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan statistical area (New York MSA) had the lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (56.9 percent), with 18.9 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the New York MSA had a 2.2 percent decline of workers commuting by automobile.^[219]

Rail

About one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York metropolitan area.^[220][221]

New York City Subway

Main article: New York City Subway

The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. In 2006 it was the third largest when measured by annual ridership (1.5 billion passenger trips in 2006),^[222] However, in 2013, the subway delivered over 1.71 billion rides,^[223] but slipped to being the seventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world.^[224] New York's subway is also notable because nearly the entire system remains open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong,^[225][226] London, Seoul,^[227][228] Tokyo, and Toronto.

PATH

Main article: PATH (rail system)

PATH is a rapid transit system connecting the cities of Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City, in metropolitan northern New Jersey, with the lower and midtown sections of Manhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.^[229] The system has a total route length of 13.8 mi (22.2 km), not double-counting route overlaps.^[230]

Commuter rail

The metropolitan area is also fundamentally defined by the areas from which people commute into New York. The city is served by three primary commuter rail systems plus Amtrak.

The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), the busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[231] is operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), an agency of the State Government of New York that focuses on New York City-area transit). It has two major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan and Atlantic Terminal in Downtown Brooklyn, with a minor terminal at the Long Island City station and a major transfer point at the Jamaica station in Queens.

New Jersey Transit (NJT), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[231] is operated by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of the state of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North Railroad and Amtrak. It has major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, Hoboken Terminal, and Newark Pennsylvania Station, with a major transfer point at Secaucus Junction in Hudson County, New Jersey. New Jersey Transit also operates the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail through Hudson County, the Newark City Subway, and the River Line that runs along tracks shared with Conrail Shared Assets Operations from Trenton to Camden in southern New Jersey. NJ Transit also has commuter buses operating in and out of Manhattan.

Metro-North Railroad (MNRR), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[231] is also operated by the MTA, in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation and New Jersey Transit. Its major terminal is Grand Central Terminal. Trains on the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line terminate at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey; commuters may transfer at either Secaucus Junction for New Jersey Transit trains to New York Pennsylvania Station or at Hoboken Terminal for PATH trains into Manhattan.

Amtrak's Northeast Corridor offers service to Philadelphia, New Haven, and other points between and including Boston and Washington, D.C.

Major stations in the metropolitan area include:

Station	Railroad(s)	State	County	Type
New York Pennsylvania Station	Amtrak, LIRR, NJT	NY	New York	Terminal and Transfer
Grand Central Terminal	MNRR	NY	New York	Terminal
Newark Pennsylvania Station	Amtrak, NJT, PATH	NJ	Essex	Transfer
Hoboken Terminal	NJT, MNRR, PATH	NJ	Hudson	Terminal
Atlantic Terminal	LIRR	NY	Kings	Terminal
Hunterspoint Avenue	LIRR	NY	Queens	Terminal
Woodside Station	LIRR	NY	Queens	Transfer
Jamaica Station	LIRR	NY	Queens	Transfer
Secaucus Junction	NJT, MNRR	NJ	Hudson	Transfer
New Haven Union Station	Amtrak, MNRR, Shore Line East	CT	New Haven	Terminal and Transfer
Trenton Station	Amtrak, NJT, SEPTA	NJ	Mercer	Terminal and Transfer

The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):

Line or Branch	Railroad	Counties
Far Rockaway	LIRR	Kings, Queens, Nassau
Long Beach	LIRR	Nassau
Montauk	LIRR	Suffolk
Babylon	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
West Hempstead	LIRR	Kings (weekdays), Queens, Nassau
Hempstead	LIRR	Kings, Queens, Nassau
Ronkonkoma (Main Line)	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Port Jefferson	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Oyster Bay	LIRR	Nassau
Port Washington	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
New Haven	MNRR, Shore Line East, Amtrak	Westchester, Fairfield, New Haven
Harlem	MNRR	New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Hudson	MNRR, Amtrak	Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Pascack Valley	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Rockland
Port Jervis / Main Line / Bergen County	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, Orange
Montclair–Boonton	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Passaic, Morris, Warren
Morris & Essex (Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch)	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, Warren
Raritan Valley	NJT	Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon
Northeast Corridor and Princeton Branch	NJT, Amtrak	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Mercer
North Jersey Coast	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean

Major highways

The following highways serve the region:

The George Washington Bridge, connecting Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan across the Hudson River to Fort Lee in Bergen County, New Jersey, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.^[232][233] Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1/9 cross the river via the bridge, while U.S. Route 46, which lies entirely within New Jersey, ends halfway across the bridge at the state border with New York.

The Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian bridge,^[234] connects Ulster and Dutchess counties in New York.

Interstates

The Long Island Expressway (I-495), viewing eastbound in Corona, Queens

• I-78
• I-80
• I-84
• I-87
• I-91
• I-95
• I-195
• I-278 – serves as southern beltway around New York City
• I-280
• I-287 – serves as northern beltway around New York City
• I-295
• I-478
• I-495 − also known as Long Island Expressway or LIE
• I-678
• I-684
• I-878 – unsigned

U.S. Routes

• US 1
• US 5
• US 6
• US 7
• US 9
• US 22
• US 44
• US 46
• US 130
• US 202
• US 206
• US 209

State Routes

• Route 3
• Route 4
• Route 8
• NY 9A
• Route 15
• Route 17
• Route 18
• Route 21
• Route 23
• Route 24
• Route 25
• NY 25
• Route 27
• NY 27
• Route 29
• Route 31
• Route 139
• Route 208
• NY 440 / Route 440
• Route 495
• NY 895

Other limited-access roads

Heavy traffic on the Garden State Parkway in Wall Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey

Some of these roads have a numerical designation assigned to it:

• Belt Parkway
• Bronx River Parkway
• Conn. Turnpike (part of I-95)
• FDR Drive
• G.S. Parkway
• Grand Central Parkway
• Harlem River Drive
• Henry Hudson Parkway
• Hutchinson River Parkway
• Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly: Interboro Parkway)
• Merritt Parkway (part of Route 15)
• N.J. Turnpike (part of I-95)
• New York Thruway (part of I-87)
• Northern State Parkway
• Palisades Parkway
• Saw Mill River Parkway
• Southern State Parkway
• Sprain Brook Parkway
• Taconic State Parkway

Named bridges and tunnels

The Brooklyn Bridge

The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, one of the world's longest suspension bridges,^[235][236] connects Brooklyn and Staten Island across The Narrows.

The Great South Bay Bridge, in Suffolk County, connects the mainland of Long Island to barrier islands across the Great South Bay.

• Alexander Hamilton Bridge connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95
• Basilone Bridge (part of I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike)
• Bayonne Bridge (part of NY 440 and NJ 440), underwent a $1 billion project to raise the roadway by 64 feet to 215 feet to allow taller container ships to pass underneath to access seaports in New York City and northern New Jersey.^[237]
• Bear Mountain Bridge (part of US 6 and US 202)
• Bronx–Whitestone Bridge (part of I-678) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens.
• Brooklyn Bridge, iconic of New York and designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. National Park Service on January 29, 1964.^[238] Connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (at Park Row and City Hall).
• Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel (part of I-478), officially renamed the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, in honor of the former New York State governor – connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (financial district).
• Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge (part of I-80 crossing the Delaware River)
• Driscoll Bridge (part of the Garden State Parkway), with a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes^[239] and one of the world's busiest.
• Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge (part of NY 25) – renamed in honor of former New York Mayor Edward I. Koch, also known informally as the "59th Street Bridge". Connects Queens and east side of Manhattan.
• George Washington Bridge (part of I-95 and US 1-9/46), the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge^[232][233] and one of the world's widest, with 14 lanes.^[239]
• Goethals Bridge (part of I-278)
• Great South Bay Bridge, Long Island
• Heroes Tunnel (formerly the West Rock Tunnel) (part of CT 15)
• Holland Tunnel (part of I-78 and NJ 139)
• Lincoln Tunnel (part of Route 495)
• Manhattan Bridge, connecting Brooklyn to Chinatown, Manhattan, carries 4 tracks of the B, ​D​, N, and ​Q trains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 7 lanes of traffic.
• Mid-Hudson Bridge (part of US 44 and NY 55)
• Newark Bay Bridge (part of I-78)
• New Hope – Lambertville Toll Bridge (part of US 202 crossing the Delaware River)
• Newburgh–Beacon Bridge (part of I-84 and NY 52)
• Otisville Tunnel (takes the Metro-North Railroad Port Jervis Line through the Shawangunk Ridge in Orange County, New York)
• Outerbridge Crossing (part of NY 440 and NJ 440)
• Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (part of I-95 and the Connecticut Turnpike)
• Poughkeepsie Bridge, also known as Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian bridge,^[234] connecting Ulster and Dutchess counties in New York
• Pulaski Skyway (part of US 1–9)
• Queens–Midtown Tunnel (part of I-495) – connects Queens and Midtown Manhattan.
• Scudder Falls Bridge (part of I-295 crossing the Delaware River)
• Sikorsky Memorial Bridge (part of CT 15 Merritt & Wilbur Cross Parkways)
• Tappan Zee Bridge (part of I-87, I-287, and the New York State Thruway), the longest bridge in New York State; underwent a $4 billion replacement.^[240]
• Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Bridge (part of US 9)
• Throgs Neck Bridge (part of I-295) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens (at western end of Long Island Sound).
• Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge (part of US 1)
• Triborough Bridge (part of I-278), officially renamed the Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) Bridge – connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Queens (hence its name).
• Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (part of I-278), the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the longest in the world (formerly the world's longest) – connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn.^[235][236]
• William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge (part of I-280)
• Williamsburg Bridge, carries 2 tracks of the J, M, and Z​ trains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 8 lanes of traffic – connects Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and the Lower East Side or Manhattan.

Commuter bus

New Jersey Transit, Academy Bus, Coach USA, Spanish Transportation, Trailways of New York, and several other companies operate commuter coaches into the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, and many other bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station.

Major airports

Main article: Aviation in the New York metropolitan area

The AirTrain at JFK International Airport in Jamaica, Queens

The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016, and the metropolitan area's airspace is the busiest in the nation.^[25]

Airport	IATA code	ICAO code	County	State
John F. Kennedy International Airport	JFK	KJFK	Queens	New York
Newark Liberty International Airport	EWR	KEWR	Essex/Union	New Jersey
LaGuardia Airport	LGA	KLGA	Queens	New York

The following smaller airports are also in the metro area and provide daily commercial service:

Airport	IATA code	ICAO code	County	State
Long Island MacArthur Airport	ISP	KISP	Suffolk	New York
Stewart International Airport	SWF	KSWF	Orange	New York
Trenton-Mercer Airport	TTN	KTTN	Mercer	New Jersey
Tweed New Haven Regional Airport	HVN	KHVN	New Haven	Connecticut
Westchester County Airport	HPN	KHPN	Westchester	New York

Commuter usage

According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 54.3% (5,476,169) of commuters used a car or other private vehicle alone, 7.0% (708,788) used a carpool, 27.0% (2,721,372) used public transportation, 5.5% (558,434) walked to work, 2.0% (200,448) used some other means of transportation such as a bicycle to get to work.^[241]

Culture and contemporary life

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, part of Museum Mile in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood of Manhattan's Upper East Side, is one of the largest museums in the world.^[242]

Citi Field in Flushing, Queens is the home of the New York Mets.

Yankee Stadium in the South Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees.

MetLife Stadium, in East Rutherford, New Jersey, home to the New York Giants and New York Jets, is the most expensive stadium ever built,^[243] at approximately $1.6 billion.^[244]

The New York Knicks, Rangers, and Liberty sports teams play at Madison Square Garden in Midtown Manhattan.

According to Travel + Leisure magazine's October 2011 survey, Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, iconified as the "Crossroads of the World",^{[245][246][247][248][249]} is the world's most visited tourist attraction, bringing in over 39 million visitors annually.^[250]

Main article: New York City § Culture and contemporary life

New York has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland^[251] and Latvia^[252] and by New York's own Baruch College.^[253] A book containing a series of essays titled New York, culture capital of the world, 1940–1965 has also been published as showcased by the National Library of Australia.^[254] Tom Wolfe has quoted regarding New York's culture that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."^[255]

Although Manhattan remains the epicenter of cultural life in the metropolitan area, the entire region is replete with prominent cultural institutions, with artistic performances and ethnically oriented events receiving international attention throughout the year.

Sports teams

Further information: Sports in the New York metropolitan area

New York is home to the headquarters of the National Football League,^[256] Major League Baseball,^[257] the National Basketball Association,^[258] the National Hockey League,^[259] and Major League Soccer.^[260] Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area.^[243] The New York metropolitan area has the highest total number of professional sports teams in these five leagues.

Listing of the professional sports teams in the New York metropolitan area:

• National Basketball Association (NBA)
  • Brooklyn Nets (Brooklyn, New York City)
  • New York Knicks (Manhattan, New York City)
• National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)
  • Sky Blue FC (Harrison, New Jersey)
• Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
  • New York Liberty (Brooklyn, New York City)
• Major League Baseball (MLB)
  • New York Mets (Queens, New York City)
  • New York Yankees (The Bronx, New York City)
• Major League Soccer (MLS)
  • New York City (The Bronx, New York City)
  • New York Red Bulls (Harrison, New Jersey)
• Minor League Baseball (MiLB)
  • Eastern League (AA)
    • Trenton Thunder (Yankees) (Trenton, New Jersey)
  • South Atlantic League (A)
    • Lakewood BlueClaws (Phillies) (Lakewood Township, New Jersey)
  • New York-Penn League (SS)
    • Brooklyn Cyclones (Mets) (Brooklyn, New York City)
    • Hudson Valley Renegades (Rays) (Fishkill, New York)
    • Staten Island Yankees (Yankees) (Staten Island, New York City)
• Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB)
  • Bridgeport Bluefish (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
  • Long Island Ducks (Central Islip, New York)
  • Somerset Patriots (Bridgewater Township, New Jersey)
• Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball (CanAm League)
  • New Jersey Jackals (Little Falls, New Jersey)
  • Newark Bears (Newark, New Jersey)
  • Rockland Boulders (Pomona, New York)
• National Football League (NFL)
  • New York Giants (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
  • New York Jets (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
• XFL
  • New York Guardians (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
• National Hockey League (NHL)
  • New Jersey Devils (Newark, New Jersey)
  • New York Islanders (Brooklyn, New York City)
  • New York Rangers (Manhattan, New York City)
• American Hockey League (AHL)
  • Bridgeport Sound Tigers (Islanders) (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
• Major League Lacrosse (outdoor) (MLL)
  • New York Lizards (Hempstead, New York)
• North American Rugby League (NARL)
  • New York City Rugby League (Harrison, New Jersey)
• College Sports (NCAA Division I)
  • Army Black Knights (West Point, New York)
  • Columbia University Lions (Manhattan, New York City)
  • Fairfield University Stags (Fairfield, Connecticut)
  • Fairleigh Dickinson University Knights (Teaneck, New Jersey)
  • Fordham University Rams (The Bronx, New York City)
  • Hofstra University Pride (Hempstead, New York)
  • Iona College Gaels (New Rochelle, New York)
  • Long Island University Blackbirds (Brooklyn, New York City)
  • Manhattan College Jaspers and Lady Jaspers (The Bronx, New York City)
  • Marist College Red Foxes (Poughkeepsie, New York)
  • Monmouth University Hawks (West Long Branch, New Jersey)
  • New Jersey Institute of Technology Highlanders (Newark, New Jersey)
  • Princeton University Tigers (Princeton, New Jersey)
  • Quinnipiac University Bobcats (Hamden, Connecticut)
  • Rider University Broncs (Lawrenceville, New Jersey)
  • Rutgers University Scarlet Knights (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
  • Sacred Heart University Pioneers (Fairfield, Connecticut)
  • St. Peter's University Peacocks and Peahens (Jersey City, New Jersey)
  • St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers (Brooklyn, New York City)
  • St. John's University Red Storm (Queens, New York City)
  • Seton Hall University Pirates (South Orange, New Jersey)
  • Stony Brook University Seawolves (Stony Brook, New York)
  • Wagner College Seahawks (Staten Island, New York City)
  • Yale University Bulldogs (New Haven, Connecticut)

Media

Main article: Media in New York City

The New York metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies, subsidiaries, and publications, including Thomson Reuters, The New York Times Company, the Associated Press, WarnerMedia, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, ViacomCBS, News Corporation, The Wall Street Journal, Fox News, ABC, CBS, and NBC. Local television channels broadcasting to the New York market include WCBS-TV 2 (CBS), WNBC 4 (NBC), WNYW 5 (FOX), WABC-TV 7 (ABC), WWOR-TV 9 (MyNetworkTV), WPIX 11 (CW), WNET 13 (PBS), WNYE-TV 25 (NYC Media) and WPXN-TV 31 (Ion). NY1 is a 24/7 local news provider available only to cable television subscribers. Radio stations serving the area include: WNYC, WKCR, WFMU, WABC-AM, and WFAN. Many television and radio stations use the top of the Empire State Building to broadcast their terrestrial television signals, while some media entities broadcast from studios in Times Square.

The New York metropolitan area is extensive enough so that its own channels must compete with channels from neighboring television markets (including Philadelphia, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, and Hartford) within its outlying counties. Cable companies offer such competition in the Pennsylvania portion, Connecticut, and a few counties in central New Jersey.

Theme parks

In New Jersey

Skyline of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, the world's largest theme park in 2013.^[261] To the far left is Kingda Ka, the world's tallest roller coaster.^[262]

Main Park	Other Parks	Location	Year Opened
Six Flags Great Adventure	Six Flags Wild Safari, Six Flags Hurricane Harbor	Jackson	1974
Land of Make Believe	None	Hope	1954
Mountain Creek Waterpark	None	Vernon	1998

In New York State

Coney Island, in Brooklyn, is considered one of America's first amusement parks.

Playland, Rye, Westchester County

Plans were unveiled by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on September 27, 2012 for the New York Wheel, a giant Ferris wheel, to be built at the northern shore of Staten Island, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline.^[263]

In Pennsylvania

• Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania
• Sesame Place in Langhorne, Pennsylvania

Area codes

The area is served by at least 26 area codes:

• 212: Serves Manhattan and is overlaid with 646 and 917.
• 718: Serves all other boroughs of New York City and is overlaid with 347, 917, and 929.
• 917: Serves all of New York City.
• 516: Serves Nassau County.
• 631: Serves Suffolk County.
• 914: Serves Westchester County.
• 845: Serves the Hudson Valley counties of Southern New York State.
• 570 & 272: Serves Pike CountyPennsylvania.
• 203 & 475: Serves Southwestern Connecticut,
• 860 & 959: Serves the rest of Connecticut not served by 203 or 475.
• 201: Serves most of Bergen County, as well as parts of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic in Northern New Jersey, and is overlaid with 551.
• 973: Serves portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and portions of Union County in New Jersey, and is overlaid with 862.
• 908: Serves communities in Union County, Somerset County, northern parts of Middlesex County, Hunterdon County, Warren County, and Morris County as well as some cell phones in Monmouth County in New Jersey.
• 732: Serves Middlesex County, Somerset County, portions of Union County, and Monmouth and northern Ocean counties in New Jersey; overlaid with 848.
• 609 & 640: Serves Mercer County and parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.

See also

• Biotech companies in the New York City metropolitan region
• Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area
• Cities and metropolitan areas of the United States
• Mass transit in New York City
• Regional Plan Association
• Transportation in New York City

Notes

1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
2. Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.^[82]

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• Government Census, Table 1.