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Siglos :
Décadas :
Años :
1781 por tema
Artes y ciencia
Países
Listas de líderes
Categorías de nacimiento y muerte
Categorías de establecimientos y desestabilizaciones
Categoría de obras
1781 en varios calendarios
Calendario Gregoriano1781
MDCCLXXXI
Ab urbe condita2534
Calendario armenio1230
ԹՎ ՌՄԼ
Calendario asirio6531
Calendario saka balinés1702-1703
Calendario bengalí1188
Calendario bereber2731
Año de reinado británico21  Geo. 3  - 22  Geo. 3
Calendario budista2325
Calendario birmano1143
Calendario bizantino7289–7290
calendario chino庚子年( Rata de metal  )
4477 o 4417
    - a -
辛丑 年( Buey de metal  )
4478 o 4418
Calendario copto1497–1498
Calendario discordiano2947
Calendario etíope1773-1774
Calendario hebreo5541–5542
Calendarios hindúes
 - Vikram Samvat1837–1838
 - Shaka Samvat1702-1703
 - Kali Yuga4881–4882
Calendario del Holoceno11781
Calendario igbo781–782
Calendario iraní1159-1160
Calendario islámico1195-1196
Calendario japonésAn'ei 10 / Tenmei 1
(天明 元年)
Calendario javanés1706-1707
calendario julianoGregoriano menos 11 días
Calendario coreano4114
Calendario Minguo131 antes de la República de China
民 前 131 年
Calendario Nanakshahi313
Calendario solar tailandés2323–2324
Calendario tibetano阳 金 鼠年
( Rata de hierro macho )
1907 o 1526 o 754
    - a -
阴 金牛 年
( Buey de hierro hembra )
1908 o 1527 o 755
13 de marzo : se descubre Urano .

1781 ( MDCCLXXXI ) fue un año común que comenzaba el lunes del calendario gregoriano  y un año común que comenzaba el viernes del calendario juliano , el año 1781 de las designaciones de Era Común (EC) y Anno Domini (AD), el año 781 de la Segundo milenio , el año 81 del siglo XVIII y el segundo año de la década de 1780 . A principios de 1781, el calendario gregoriano estaba 11 días por delante del calendario juliano, que permaneció en uso localizado hasta 1923.

Eventos [ editar ]

Enero-marzo [ editar ]

  • Enero : William Pitt el Joven , más tarde Primer Ministro de Gran Bretaña , ingresa al Parlamento , a los 21 años.
  • 1 de enero - Revolución industrial : El Puente de Hierro se abre sobre el río Severn en Inglaterra. [1]
  • 2 de enero : Virginia aprueba una ley que cede sus reclamaciones territoriales occidentales , allanando el camino para que Maryland ratifique los Artículos de la Confederación .
  • 5 de enero - Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos : las fuerzas navales británicas , lideradas por Benedict Arnold , incendian Richmond, Virginia .
  • 6 de enero - Batalla de Jersey : las tropas británicas impiden que los franceses ocupen Jersey en las Islas del Canal .
  • 17 de enero - Guerra Revolucionaria Americana - Batalla de Cowpens : El Ejército Continental Americano , bajo el mando de Daniel Morgan , derrota decisivamente a las fuerzas británicas en Carolina del Sur . [2]
  • 2 de febrero : Maryland , el decimotercer y último estado en hacerlo, ratifica los Artículos de la Confederación .
  • 3 de febrero - Cuarta Guerra Anglo-Holandesa - Captura de Sint Eustatius : las fuerzas británicas toman la isla caribeña holandesa de Sint Eustatius , con solo unos pocos disparos. El 26 de noviembre es retomada por fuerzas francesas aliadas holandesas.
  • Marzo - Los disturbios estallan en Socorro, Santander y se extienden a otras ciudades.
  • 1 de marzo - El Congreso Continental de los Estados Unidos implementa los Artículos de la Confederación, formando su Unión Perpetua cuando los Estados Unidos en el Congreso se reúnen.
  • 13 de marzo : Sir William Herschel descubre el planeta Urano . Originalmente lo llama Georgium Sidus (la estrella de George), en honor al rey Jorge III de Gran Bretaña .
  • 15 de marzo - Guerra Revolucionaria Estadounidense - Batalla del Palacio de Justicia de Guilford : El general estadounidense Nathanael Greene pierde ante los británicos.

Abril-junio [ editar ]

  • 4 de abril - Guerra Revolucionaria Americana: Los españoles capturaron el balandro de guerra HMS  St Fermin frente a Málaga , España.
  • 6 de abril - La rebelión de Túpac Amaru II , contra el gobierno colonial español de Perú, termina cuando Tupac, su esposa y dos de sus hijos son capturados en Checacupe . [3]
  • 10 de abril : el futuro presidente de Estados Unidos, Andrew Jackson , de 14 años, es acuchillado por la espada de un oficial británico en su casa cerca de Waxhaw, Carolina del Norte , después de negarse a limpiar las botas del oficial, un evento que deja cicatrices físicas y psicológicas. [4]
  • 14 de abril - El Congreso Continental vota una resolución agradeciendo al Capitán de los Estados Unidos John Paul Jones por sus servicios. [5]
  • 18 de abril : el futuro alcalde de Nueva York, James Duane , el representante de Carolina del Norte, William Sharpe, y el futuro gobernador de Connecticut, Oliver Wolcott, entregan el primer informe al Congreso Continental de los Estados Unidos sobre la deuda nacional e informan que es de 24.057.157 y 2/5 dólares. [6]
  • 25 de abril - La batalla de Hobkirk's Hill tuvo lugar en Camden, Carolina del Sur.
  • 9 de mayo - El general John Campbell , defensor de la colonia británica de Florida Occidental , entrega la capital en Pensacola a las fuerzas españolas comandadas por Bernardo de Gálvez . [7]
  • 18 de mayo - Un ejército español enviado desde Lima sofoca las rebeliones incas, captura y ejecuta salvajemente a Túpac Amaru II .
  • 4 de junio - La comisión [ ¿cuál? ] está de acuerdo con los rebeldes ' [ ¿dónde? ] términos: reducción de la alcabala y del tributo forzoso de los indios, abolición de los nuevos impuestos al tabaco y preferencia de los criollos sobre los peninsulares en los cargos de gobierno.
  • 12 de junio - Ohmiya (近 江 屋), como predecesora de Takeda , una importante marca farmacéutica en todo el mundo, fundada en Doshomachi (道 修 町), Osaka , Japón . [ página necesaria ]

Julio-septiembre [ editar ]

  • July 27 – French spy François Henri de la Motte is hanged and drawn before a large crowd at Tyburn, London in England for high treason.
  • July 29 – American Revolution – Skirmish at the House in the Horseshoe: A Tory force under David Fanning attacks Phillip Alston's smaller force of Whigs, at Alston's home in Cumberland County, North Carolina (in present day Moore County, North Carolina). Alston's troops surrender, after Fanning's men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw.
  • August 30 – American Revolution: A French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, cutting British General Charles Cornwallis off from escape by sea.
  • September 4 – Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula ("City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula"), by a group of 44 Spanish settlers in California.
September 5: Battle of the Chesapeake
  • September 5 – American Revolution – Battle of the Chesapeake: A British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, but is unable to break through to relieve the Siege of Yorktown.
  • September 6 – American Revolution – Battle of Groton Heights: A British force under Benedict Arnold attacks a fort in Groton, Connecticut, achieving a strategic victory.
  • September 8 – American Revolution – Battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina: The war's last significant battle, in the Southern theatre, ends in a narrow British tactical victory.
  • September 10 – American Revolution: Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, leaving Cornwallis to his fate.
  • September 28 – American Revolution: American and French troops begin a siege of the British at Yorktown, Virginia.

October–December[edit]

  • October 12 – The first bagpipes competition is held in the Masonic Arms, Falkirk, Scotland.
  • October 19 – American Revolution: Following the Siege of Yorktown, General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the armed struggle of the American Revolution.
  • October 20 – A Patent of Toleration, providing limited freedom of worship, is approved in the Habsburg Monarchy.
  • November 5 – John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress.
  • November 29
    • English slave traders begin to throw approximately 142 slaves taken on in Accra overboard alive from the slave ship Zong in the Caribbean Sea to conserve supplies for the remainder; the Liverpool owners subsequently attempt to reclaim part of their value from insurers.[8]
    • Henry Hurle officially founds the Ancient Order of Druids in London, England.
  • December – A school is founded in Washington County, Pennsylvania that will later be known as Washington & Jefferson College.[9]
  • December 12 – American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Ushant: The British Royal Navy, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt in HMS Victory, decisively defeats the French fleet in the Bay of Biscay.

Date unknown[edit]

  • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor abolishes serfdom.
  • The Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress.
  • Charles Messier publishes the final catalog of Messier objects.
  • Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers tungsten.
  • Immanuel Kant publishes his Critique of Pure Reason.
  • Reverend Samuel Peters publishes his General History of Connecticut, using the term blue law for the first time.
  • Phillips Exeter Academy is founded in New Hampshire.


Births[edit]

  • January 26 – Achim von Arnim, German writer (d. 1831)
  • May 27 Kenneth parcel
  • January 30 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
  • February 17 – René Laennec, French physician, inventor (d. 1826)
  • March 4 – Rebecca Gratz, American educator, philanthropist (d. 1869)
  • March 13 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German architect, painter (d. 1841)
Swaminarayan
  • April 3 – Swaminarayan, Indian Hindu reformer and deity (d. 1830)
  • May 9 – Henri Cassini, French botanist, naturalist (d. 1832)
George Stephenson
  • June 9 – George Stephenson, English engineer, designer of railway locomotives Locomotion No. 1, Rocket (d. 1848)
  • June 21 – Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician, physicist (d. 1840)
  • July 6
    • Stamford Raffles, English founder of Singapore (d. 1826)
    • John D. Sloat, American naval officer (d. 1867)
  • July 25 – Merry-Joseph Blondel, French painter (d. 1853)
  • July 27 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1829)
  • September 3 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Napoleon's wife Joséphine (d. 1824)
  • September 5 – Anton Diabelli, Austrian music publisher, editor, composer (d. 1858)
  • October 1 – James Lawrence, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1813)
  • October 5 – Bernard Bolzano, Czech philosopher, mathematician (d. 1848)
  • November 1 – Joseph Karl Stieler, German painter (d. 1858)
  • November 6
    • Lucy Aikin, English writer (d. 1864)
    • Maha Bandula, Commander-in-chief of the Burmese military forces (d. 1825)
  • November 20 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German jurist (d. 1854)
  • November 29 – Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher, sociologist (d. 1865)
  • November 30 – Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (d. 1873)
  • December 11 – Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist (d. 1868)

date unknown[edit]

  • Sanité Bélair, Haitian national heroine (d. 1802)
  • William Williams of Wern, Welsh minister (d. 1840)

Deaths[edit]

  • January 12 – Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (b. 1691)
  • January 15 – Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain, queen regent of Portugal (b. 1718)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
  • February 15 – Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German author, philosopher (b. 1729)
  • February 22 – Anna Magdalena Godiche, Danish book printer, publisher (b. 1721)
  • February 23 – George Taylor, American signer of the Declaration of Independence
  • February 24 – Edward Capell, English critic (b. 1713)
  • March 17 – Johannes Ewald, Danish national dramatist, poet (b. 1743)
  • March 18 – Anne Robert Turgot, French statesman (b. 1727)
  • April 23 – James Abercrombie, British general (b. 1706)
  • April 28 – Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
  • May 3 – Charles Roe, English businessman (b. 1715)
  • May 8 – Richard Jago, English poet (b. 1715)
  • May 16 – Giacomo Puccini (senior), Italian composer (b. 1712)
Túpac Amaru II
  • May 18 – Túpac Amaru II, Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (b. 1742)
  • May 18 – Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua, Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (b. 1745)
  • May 27 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (b. 1716)
  • May 30 – John Conder, Independent English minister at Cambridge (b. 1714)
  • July 18 – Padre Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary (killed) (b. 1738)
  • July 23 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
  • August 16 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1719)
  • September 7 – Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781), second son of William Cavendish (b. 1752)
  • September 11 – Johann August Ernesti, German theologian and philologist (b. 1707)
  • September 12 – Peter Scheemakers, Flemish sculptor (b. 1691)
  • September 28 – William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British diplomat, statesman (b. 1717)
  • October 16 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British naval officer (b. 1705)
  • November 4
    • Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (b. 1721)
    • Charles Morris, Canadian judge (b. 1711)
  • November 21 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman (b. 1701)
  • December 2 – Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marqués de la Ensenada, Spanish noble (b. 1702)
  • December 30 – John Needham, British biologist and priest (b. 1713)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 333–334. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  2. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  3. ^ "The Rebellion of Tupac-Amaru II", in The Hispanic American Historical Review (February 1919) p20
  4. ^ William J. Bennett and John T.E. Cribb, The American Patriot's Almanac: Daily Readings on America (Thomas Nelson, Inc. 2013) p125
  5. ^ "John Paul Jones and Our First Triumphs on the Sea", in The American Monthly Review of Reviews" (July 1905) p42
  6. ^ Albert Bushnell Hart, ed., American History Told by Contemporaries (Macmillan, 1908) p600
  7. ^ Michael Lee Lannin, African Americans in the Revolutionary War (Citadel Press, 2005) p86
  8. ^ "BBC History British History Timeline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2007.
  9. ^ "History & Facts". Washington & Jefferson College. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2010.

Further reading[edit]

  • John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1781". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.