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Archduke Joseph of Austria, Palatine of Hungary, about 1788
Aerial view of the remains of his palace at Alcsútdoboz
Joseph was one of fifteen children born to Leopold II and Maria Louisa of Spain. He was born in Florence, where his father was ruling as Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In 1796, he was made Palatine of Hungary (nádor in Hungarian). This old title was, in effect, a deputy of the king, when he was absent from the country. Throughout his years in office he supported and promoted economic reforms, public works, and construction projects that aimed to bring Hungary closer to Europe. He did not govern with a heavy hand, harsh measures were usually imposed from Vienna. His years saw the first steamboat and railroad in Hungary, the regulation of the Danube, and the founding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
He was very popular among the Magyars, and became the founder of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg family. His statue now stands in a place of honor at the very heart of Budapest in a square named for him, in front of the Ministry of Finance.
First marriage[edit]
Joseph married the Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (1783–1801), on 30 October 1799 at Saint Petersburg. He was 23 years old, while she was 16. She died of puerperal fever soon after delivering a short-lived daughter, the Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria, on 9 March 1801 in Buda.[citation needed]
Second marriage[edit]
Joseph's second wife was Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1797–1817). They were married on 30 August 1815 at Schaumburg Castle, when he was 39 and she was 17. She died in childbirth two years later. Both of Joseph's children with Hermine died unmarried and without issue. They were Archduchess Hermine of Austria (14 September 1817, Buda – 13 February 1842, Vienna), and Archduke Stephen of Austria (14 September 1817, Buda – 19 February 1867, Menton).
Third marriage[edit]
Joseph third wife was the Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg, whom he wed on 24 August 1819 at Kirchheim unter Teck. He was 43 years old, and she was 21. They were the parents of five children:
Archduchess Franziska Marie Elisabeth of Austria (31 July 1820, Buda – 23 August 1820 Buda);
Archduke Alexander of Austria (6 June 1825, Buda – 12 November 1837, Buda);
Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria, (17 January 1831, Buda, Hungary – 14 February 1903, Vienna, Austria);
Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (2 March 1833, Pozsony, now Bratislava in Slovakia – 13 June 1905, Fiume, now Rijeka in Croatia); and,
Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria (23 August 1836 – 19 September 1902).
Joseph had one illegitimate son: Gavio Clùtos (2 March 1810 – January 1859).
Ancestry[edit]
Ancestors of Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)[1]
8. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
4. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
9. Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
2. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
10. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
5. Maria Theresa of Austria
11. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
1. Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary
12. Philip V of Spain
6. Charles III of Spain
13. Elisabeth Farnese
3. Maria Louisa of Spain
14. Augustus III of Poland
7. Maria Amalia of Saxony
15. Maria Josepha of Austria
References[edit]
^Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109.
vteAustrian archdukes
Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.
1st generation
Frederick V
Albert VI
Sigismund
2nd generation
Maximilian I
3rd generation
Philip I of Castile
4th generation
Charles I
Ferdinand I
5th generation
Philip II of SpainS
Maximilian II
Ferdinand II
Charles II
6th generation
Charles, Prince of AsturiasS
Rudolf V
Ernest
Matthias
Maximilian III
Albert VII
Ferdinand, Prince of AsturiasS
Diego, Prince of AsturiasS
Philip III of SpainS
Ferdinand III
Maximilian Ernest
Leopold V
Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw
7th generation
Philip IV of SpainS
CharlesS
Ferdinand IV
FerdinandS
AlonsoS
Leopold Wilhelm
Ferdinand Charles
Sigismund Francis
8th generation
Balthasar Charles, Prince of AsturiasS
Ferdinand IV of Hungary
Leopold VI
Charles Joseph
Philip Prospero, Prince of AsturiasS
Charles II of SpainS
9th generation
Joseph I
Leopold Joseph
Charles III
10th generation
Leopold Joseph
11th generation
Joseph IIT
Charles JosephT
Leopold VIIT
FerdinandT
Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of CologneT
12th generation
Emperor Francis IT
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of TuscanyT
CharlesT
Alexander LeopoldT
JosephT
Anton VictorT
JohnT
Rainer JosephT
LouisT
Cardinal RudolfT
Joseph Franz
Francis IV, Duke of Modena
Ferdinand Karl Joseph
Maximilian
Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary
13th generation
Emperor Ferdinand I
Leopold II, Grand Duke of TuscanyT
Franz Karl
Johann Nepomuk
Albrecht
Stephen
Karl Ferdinand
Francis V, Duke of Modena
Frederick Ferdinand
Ferdinand Karl Viktor
Leopold Ludwig
Ernest
Rainer Ferdinand
Wilhelm Franz
Heinrich Anton
Joseph Karl
14th generation
Emperor Franz Joseph I
Maximilian I of Mexico
Karl Ludwig
Ludwig Viktor
Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of TuscanyT
Karl SalvatorT
Ludwig SalvatorT
John SalvatorT
Friedrich
Charles Stephen
Eugen
Joseph August
15th generation
Crown Prince Rudolf
Franz Ferdinand
Otto Francis
Ferdinand Karl
Leopold FerdinandT
Josef FerdinandT
Peter FerdinandT
Leopold SalvatorT
Franz SalvatorT
Albrecht Franz
Karl Albrecht
Leo Karl
Wilhelm
Joseph Francis
16th generation
Emperor Charles I
Maximilian Eugen
HabsburgTuscany
GottfriedT
RainerT
Leopold MariaT
AntonT
Franz JosephT
Karl PiusT
Hubert SalvatorT
Palatinesof Hungary
Joseph Árpád
Géza
17th generation
Descent ofCharles I
Crown Prince Otto
Robert
Felix
Carl Ludwig
Rudolf
Tuscany
Leopold FranzT
StephanT
DominicT
Markus Emanuel SalvatorT
Palatines
Edward Karl
18th generation
Charles
Karl
Georg
LorenzB
Karl Philipp
Carl Christian
Simeon
Tuscany
SigismundT
19th generation
Charles
Ferdinand Zvonimir
AmedeoB
JoachimB
S: also an infante of Spain
T: also a prince of Tuscany
B: also a prince of Belgium
vteTuscan princes
Generations are numbered from the children of Francesco de' Medici, first Grand Duke of Tuscany. Later generations are included but the grand duchy was abolished in 1860.
1st generation
Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Cardinal Giovanni
Prince Garzia
Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Prince Pietro
2nd generation
Philip de' Medici
Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Cardinal Carlo, Bishop of Ostia
Prince Filippo "Filippino", Grand Prince of Tuscany