Varias unidades estratigráficas en Colombia han proporcionado fósiles . Las formaciones más ricas son las Formaciones Devónico Cuche y Floresta , la Formación Cretácica Paja , la Formación Paleoceno Cerrejón y el sitio Mioceno La Venta . Este último es el Konzentrat-Lagerstätte más rico del norte de Sudamérica y comprende las formaciones del Grupo Honda .
Las formaciones están ordenadas según su edad más joven.
La edad | Formaciones | Ubicaciones | Departamentos | Fósiles | Imagen | Notas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cenozoico | Holoceno | Aluvión cuaternario | Yumbo Turbaná | Valle del Cauca Bolívar | Stegomastodon waringi | [1] [nota 1] | |
Curití | Santander | pecarí de collar ( Tayassu tajacu ), tapir sudamericano ( Tapirus terrestris ), pecarí de labios blancos ( Tayassu pecari ), Cryptotis sp. , Hydrochoerus sp. , Mazama sp. | [2] | ||||
Pleistoceno ( luyano ) | Haplomastodon chimborazi | [2] [3] | |||||
Pleistoceno tardío | Sabana Fm. | Tibitó , Checua , Bosa , Guasca , Guatavita , Soacha , Tunjuelito , Mosquera , Tocancipá , Sabana de Bogotá | Cundinamarca | Cuvieronius hyodon , Equus amerhippus lasallei , Haplomastodon waringi o H. chimborazi | [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [nota 1] | ||
Soatá Fm. | Soatá | Boyacá | Colombibos atactodontus , Haplomastodon waringi | [8] [9] [10] [11] | |||
Neochoerus sp. , Odocoileus salinae | [11] | ||||||
Pleistoceno medio | Quipile | Cundinamarca | Megatherium sp. | [12] [13] | |||
Tocaima | Cundinamarca | Haplomastodon waringi | [12] [13] [nota 1] | ||||
pleistoceno | Rotinet Fm. | Rotinet, Repelón | Atlántico | Haplomastodon waringi | [14] [15] [16] | ||
Arboleda El Remolino, Taminango | Nariño | Haplomastodon sp. | [6] [nota 1] | ||||
Mercaderes | Cauca | Haplomastodon sp. | [6] | ||||
Toro | Valle del Cauca | Stegomastodon sp. | [6] | ||||
Medellin | Antioquia | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
El Cocuy , Duitama , Sáchica , Socotá , Tunja , Villa de Leyva | Boyacá | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] [18] | ||||
Salamina | Caldas | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
Fusagasugá | Cundinamarca | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [19] | ||||
Carrizal, Uribia | La guajira | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
Cabrera y San Alfonso, Villavieja | Huila | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
Cúcuta , Pamplona | Norte de Santander | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] [20] | ||||
Agualinda, Lebrija Vélez | Santander | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] [18] | ||||
Ibagué , Ortega | Tolima | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
La Victoria , Zarzal | Valle del Cauca | Gomphotheriidae indet. | [6] | ||||
Cocha Verde, Taminango | Nariño | Selenogonus nariñoensis | [21] | ||||
Plioceno | |||||||
Piacenziano | Ware Fm. (3.4-2.78 Ma) [22] | Cuenca de Cocinetas | La guajira | Chapalmalania sp. , Hydrochoeropsis wayuu , Tardigrada n. gen. & sp. , Lestodontini n. gen. & sp. , Cichlidae sp. , Sciaenidae sp. , Doradidae sp. , Pimelodidae sp. , Characidae sp. , Cynodontidae sp. , Serrasalmidae sp. , Podocnemididae sp. , Aves sp. , Crocodylidae sp. , Alligatoridae sp. , Toxodontidae sp. , Hydrochoeridae sp. , Caviidae sp. , Erethizontidae sp. ,Pampatheriidae sp. , Megatheriidae sp. , Glyptodontidae sp. , Proterotheriidae sp. , Camelidae sp. , Myliobatidae sp. , Pristidae sp. , Carcharhinidae sp. , Sphyrnidae sp. , Megalonychidae n. gen. & sp. , Mylodontidae n. gen. & sp. , Scelidotheriinae n. gen. & sp. | [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] | ||
Pliomegatherium lelongi , Nothrotherium sp. | [30] [31] | ||||||
Mioceno tardío | Honda Gp. Cerbatana Mb. | La Venta | Huila | Geochelone hesterna | [32] | ||
Serravallian ( Laventan ) | Honda Gp. Villavieja Fm. (17.0-12.1 Ma) [33] La Victoria Fm. (13,82-12,38 Ma) [34] | La Venta | Huila Tolima | Lycopsis longirostrus | [35] [36] | ||
Dukecynus magnus | [36] | ||||||
Huilatherium pluriplicatum | [37] [38] | ||||||
Granastrapotherium snorki | [38] [39] | ||||||
Hapalops sp. | [40] | ||||||
Anachlysictis gracilis | [36] | ||||||
Theosodon sp. | [38] | ||||||
Hilarcotherium castanedaii | [41] | ||||||
Purussaurus neivensis | [42] | ||||||
Sebecus huilensis | [43] | ||||||
Charactosuchus fieldsi | [44] | ||||||
Chelus colombiana | [45] [46] | ||||||
Colombophis portai | [47] | ||||||
Dracaena colombiana ( sin. Paradracaena colombiana ) | [48] | ||||||
? Eunectes stirtoni | [49] | ||||||
Gryposuchus colombianus | [50] | ||||||
Mourasuchus atopus | [51] | ||||||
Colossoma macropomum , Lepidosiren paradoxa , cf. Acanthicus , Arapaima sp. , Brachyplatystoma cf. B. vaillanti , Brachyplatystoma promagdalena , cf. Corydoras sp. , Hoplias sp. , cf. Hoplosternum , Hydrolycus sp. , Phractocephalus hemiliopterus , Serrasalmus sp. , Pygocentrus sp. , o Pristobrycon sp. ( cf. Myletes sp. ), Ariidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis , Characidae cf. Tetragonopterinae gen. et. sp. ,Cichlidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis , Doradidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis 1-3 , Loricariidae gen. et. sp. Incertae sedis 1 y 2 , Potamotrygonidae | [52] [53] [54] [55] | ||||||
Sylviocarcinus piriformis | [52] | ||||||
Hoazinoides magdalenae | [56] | ||||||
Galbula hylochoreutes | [57] | ||||||
Aramus paludigrus | [57] | ||||||
Aotus dindensis | [58] | ||||||
Nuciruptor rubricae | [59] [60] [61] | ||||||
Stirtonia tatacoensis ( sin. Kondous laventicus ) | [59] [61] [62] [63] | ||||||
Stirtonia victoriae | [59] [61] [64] | ||||||
Hondadelphys fieldsi | [36] [65] [66] | ||||||
Neotamandua borealis | [40] [67] | ||||||
Patasola magdalenae | [59] [61] | ||||||
Potamosiren magdalenensis | [68] | ||||||
Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi | [38] | ||||||
Cebupithecia sarmientoi | [59] [61] [69] [70] | ||||||
Lagonimico conclucatus | [59] [61] | ||||||
Micodon kiotensis | [59] [71] | ||||||
Miocallicebus villaviejai | [59] [72] [73] | ||||||
Mohanamico hershkovitzi | [59] [61] | ||||||
Neosaimiri annectens ( sin. Laventiana annectens ) | [59] [61] [74] [75] | ||||||
Neosaimiri fieldsi | [59] [61] | ||||||
Pachybiotherium minor | [36] [76] | ||||||
Micoureus laventicus | [36] | ||||||
Thylamys colombianus | [36] [77] | ||||||
Thylamys minutus | [36] [78] | ||||||
Hondathentes cazador | [36] [79] | ||||||
Pithiculites chenche | [36] [80] | ||||||
Anadasypus hondanus | [36] [81] | ||||||
Precursor de Pedrolypeutes | [36] [82] | ||||||
Nanoastegotherium prostatum | [36] | ||||||
Scirrotherium hondaensis | [40] [83] | ||||||
Boreostemma gigantea ( sin. Asterostemma ) | [40] [84] | ||||||
Boreostemma acostae ( sin. Asterostemma ) | [85] | ||||||
Neoglyptatelus originalis | [40] [86] | ||||||
Brievabradys laventensis | [40] [87] | ||||||
Huilabradys magdaleniensis | [88] | ||||||
Pseudoprepotherium confusum | [40] [89] | ||||||
Neonematherium flabellatum | [40] [90] | ||||||
Microsteiromys jacobsi | [40] | ||||||
Neoreomys huilensis | [40] [91] | ||||||
Microscleromys paradoxalis | [40] | ||||||
Microscleromys cribiphilus | [40] | ||||||
Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana | [92] | ||||||
Scleromys colombianus | [61] [93] | ||||||
Scleromys schurmanni | [61] [94] | ||||||
Prodolichotis pridiana | [61] | ||||||
Acarechimys minutissimus | [61] | ||||||
Ricardomys longidens | [61] | ||||||
Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis | [38] [95] | ||||||
Prothoatherium colombianus | [38] [96] | ||||||
Megadolodus molariformis | [38] | ||||||
Villarroelia totoyoi | [38] | ||||||
Pericotoxodon platignathus | [38] | ||||||
Miocochilius anomopodus | [38] | ||||||
Notonycteris magdalenensis | [97] | ||||||
Notonycteris sucharadeus | [97] | ||||||
Palynephyllum antimaster | [97] | ||||||
Mormopterus colombiensis | [97] | ||||||
Potamops mascahehenes | [97] [98] | ||||||
Kiotomops lopezi | [99] [100] | ||||||
Diclidurus sp. | [97] | ||||||
Eumops sp. | [97] | ||||||
Olenopsis sp. | [61] | ||||||
? Steiromys sp. | [40] | ||||||
Tonatia sp. o Lophostoma sp. | [97] | ||||||
Dolichotinae sp. | [61] | ||||||
Megatheriinae sp. | [40] | ||||||
Nothrotheriinae sp. | [40] | ||||||
? Echimyidae sp. | [61] | ||||||
sapo de caña ( Bufo marinus ) | [101] | ||||||
murciélago bulldog menor ( Noctilio albiventris ) | [97] | ||||||
Murciélago de alas de disco de LaVal ( Thyroptera lavali ) | [97] | ||||||
Thyroptera robusta | [102] | ||||||
Murciélago de alas de disco de Spix ( Thyroptera tricolor ) | [97] | ||||||
Sincelejo Fm. | Calle Fría-Segovia | Sucre | Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus | [103] | |||
Langhian | Castilletes Fm. (16.7-14.2 Ma) [22] | Cuenca de Cocinetas | La guajira | Lycopsis padillai , ? Hyperleptus sp. , Astrapotheriidae , Odontoceti , Mysticeti , Glyptodontidae , Pampatheriidae , Macraucheniidae , Proterotheriidae , Leontinidae , Toxodontidae , Interatheriidae , Megatheriidae , Dinomyidae , Sirenia , Sparassodonta , Aves indet. | [35] [104] [105] | ||
Chelus colombiana , Chelus sp. , Chelonoidis sp. , cf. Crocodylus sp. , cf. Mourasuchus sp. , cf. Purussaurus sp. , Alligatoridae gen. et sp. indet. , Boidae , Crocodylidae gen et sp. indet. , cf. Eusuchia gen et sp. indet. , Gavialoidea gen. et sp. indet. , Podocnemididae incertae sedis | [106] [107] | ||||||
Characidae , Serrasalmidae , Sciaenidae , Sparidae , Sphyraenidae , Ariidae , Callichthyidae , Doradidae , Pimelodidae , Carcharhinidae , Hemigaleidae , Sphyrnidae , Lamnidae , otodontidae , Dasyatidae , Myliobatidae , Rhinopteridae , ginglymostomatidae , Pristiophoridae , Pristidae , Rhynchobatidae , Rhynobatidae, Lepidosirenidae | [105] | ||||||
Calliostoma sp. , Arene sp. , Nerita cf. fulguranos , Neritina n. sp. aff. woodwadi , Modulus tamanensis , Turritella (Bactrospira) sp. cf. altilira , Turritella (Turritella) cocoditana , Turritella (Turritella) machapoorensis , Turritella (Turritella) matarucana , Architectonica (Architectonica) nobilis , Bittium sp. , Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava) venada , Potamides suprasulcatus , Terebralia dentilabris , Petaloconchus esculturatus , Bostrycapulus sp. ,Crepidula cantaurana , Crepidula insculpta , Crepidula plana , Calyptraea sp. cf. centralis , Crucibulum (Dispotaea) sp. cf. springvaleense , Aylacostoma n. sp. , Doryssa n. sp. , Sheppardiconcha n. sp. , Charadreon n. sp. , Natica sp. , Naticarius sp. , Glossaulax paraguanensis , Polinices sp. cf. nelsoni , Sinum gabbi , Stigmaulax sp. , Strombus sp. , Malea sp. , Bursa rugosa ,Ficus sp. cf. carbasea , Distorsio sp. , Chicoreus (Triplex) sp. cf. cornurectus , Chicoreus (Triplex) corrigendum , Luria sp. , Muracypraea sp. cf. hiena , Calotrophon sp. cf. gatunensis , Cymia cocoditana , Eupleura kugleri , Hesperisternia sp. , Phyllonotus n. sp. , Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) cf. sawkinsi , Siratus cf. denegatus , Vokesimurex sp. cf. gilli , Antillophos sp. cf. gatunensis , Cymatophos cocoditana , Cymatophos paraguanensis, Gordanops sp. cf. baranoanus , Pallacera maracaibensis , Solenosteira sp. , Granolaria sp. cf. gorgasiana , Latirus sp. , Nassarius sp. , Turbinella falconensis , Melongena consors , Anachis sp. , Sincola sp. , Strombina sp. , Persicula venezuelana , Prunum quirosense , Agaronia sp. aff. testacea , Oliva sp. , Aphera sp. , Bivetiella sp. cf. gabbiana , Euclia sp. cf. dinota ,Euclia werenfelsi , Narona sp. , Trigonostoma woodringi , Conus sp. aff. jaspideus , Agladrillia sp. , Crassispira conica , Fusiturricula sp. , Gemmula vaningeni , Glyphostoma dentiferum , Paraborsonia cantaurana , "Chiton" sp. , Saccella gnomon , Noetia dauleana , Bulla sp. , Crenella sp. , Brachidontes sp. , Atrina sp. , Argopecten sp. , Anadara (Rasia) democraciana ,Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis , Conus sp. cf. chipolanus , Conus sp. cf. molis , Conus talis , Strioterebrum ulloa , Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera , Clathrodrillia sp. , Cruziturricula sp. , Hindsiclava henekeni , Knefastia sp. , Polystira sp. , Adrana sp. , Politoleda forcati , Anadara (Cunearca) zuliana , Anadara (Grandiarca) chiriquiensis , Anadara (Potiarca) inutilis , Anadara (Rasia) sp. cf. cornellana ,Anadara (Tosarca) sp. cf. veatchi , Tucetona sp. cf. democraciana , Mytilus sp. cf. canoasensis , Anomia peruviana , Cavilinga sp. , Lucinisca mirandana , Diplodonta sp. , Harvella elegans , Mulinia sp. , Raeta sp. , Angulus sp. , ? Macoma sp. , Strigilla sp. , Leopecten sp. , Lindapecten buchivacoanus , Crassostrea sp. , Dendostrea democraciana , Plicatula sp. , Anodontia sp. ,Lucina sp. cf. pensylvanica , Phacoides sp. cf. pectinatus , Glyptoactis paraguanensis , Arcinella yaquensis , Chama berjadinensis , Dallocardia sp. cf. sanctidavidis , Apiocardia n. sp. aff. aminensis , Crassinella sp. , Eucrassatella (Hybolophus) venezuelana , Micromactra maracaibensis , Eurytellina paraguanensis , Psammacoma falconensis , Psammotreta hadra , Donax sp. , Tagelus (Mesopleura) n. sp. aff. divisus , Solecurtus sp. , Solena sp., Abra sp. , Agriopoma (Pitarella) paraguanensis , Hysteroconcha sp. , Leukoma sp. , Pitar sp. , Transennella sp. , Tenuicorbula n. sp. aff. lupina , Semele sp. , Chione sp. , Chionopsis paraguanensis , Clementia dariena , Cyclinella venezuelana , Dosinia sp. , Lamelliconcha labreana , Lirophora quirosensis , Macrocallista n. sp. aff. maculata , Panchione n. sp. aff. macrtropsis , Caryocorbula fortis, Caryocorbula quirosana , Hexacorbula cruziana , Dentalium sp. , Balanidae indet. , Buccinidae indet. , Callianassidae indet. , Pectinidae indet. , Portunidae indet. , Ranellidae indet. , Sphaeriidae indet. , Sportellidae indet. , Tellinidae indet. , Turridae indet. , Unioidae indet. , Veneridae indet. | [108] [109] | ||||||
Burdigalian | |||||||
mioceno | Honda Gp. | Coyaima | Tolima | Granastrapotherium snorki , Sebecus sp. , Gavialis sp. , Cochilius sp. , Miocochilis sp. , Scleromys sp. , Dasypodidae sp. , Leontiniidae sp. , Megalonychidae sp. , Toxodontidae sp. | [110] [111] [112] | ||
Oligoceno tardío | |||||||
Oligoceno temprano | Pedeyita, Cartagena del Chairá | Caquetá | Eosteiromys sp. | [113] | |||
Barzalosa Fm. | Alto San José, Chaparral | Tolima | Balanerodus logimus | [114] | |||
Lophiodolodus chaparralensis | [115] | ||||||
Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis | [116] | ||||||
Protheosodon sp. | [117] | ||||||
Proadinotherium sp. | [118] | ||||||
Eoceno tardío | Gualanday Gp. | Colombitherium tolimense | [113] [119] | ||||
Eoceno temprano | Bogotá Fm. | Ciudad Bolívar , Bogotá | Cundinamarca | Anemocardium margaritae , Etayoa bacatensis , Menispina Evidens , Palaeoluna bogotensis , Stephania palaeosudamericana , Foveotriletes margaritae , Foveotricolpites perforatus , Hickeycarpum peltatum , Proxapertites operculatus , Ulmoideipites krempii , Carpolithus sp. , Annonaceae sp. , Arecaceae sp. , Fabaceae sp. , Lauraceae sp. , Malvaceae sp. , Salicaceae sp. , Salvinia sp. , Theaceae sp., muchos aún sin nombre | [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] | ||
Paleoceno medio | |||||||
Cerrejón Fm. | Cerrejón | Cesar La Guajira | Titanoboa cerrejonensis | [129] [130] | |||
Carbonemys cofrinii | [131] [132] | ||||||
Acherontisuchus guajiraensis | [133] [134] | ||||||
Anthracosuchus balrogus | [135] [136] | ||||||
Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki | [137] [138] | ||||||
Cerrejonisuchus improcerus | [139] [140] | ||||||
Puentemys mushaisaensis | [141] [142] | ||||||
Aerofructus dillhoffi , Menispermites cerrejonensis , M. guajiraensis , Montrichardia aquatica , Petrocardium cerrejonense , P. wayuuorum , Stephania palaeosudamericana , Ulmoidicarpum tupperi , Acrostichum sp. , Amaryllidaceae sp. , Anacardiaceae sp. , Annonaceae sp. , Apocynaceae sp. , Araceae sp. , Arecaceae sp. , Dicotyledonae sp. , Elaeocarpaceae sp. , Euphorbiaceae sp. , Fabaceae sp., Lauraceae sp. , Malvaceae sp. , Malvoideae sp. , Meliaceae sp. , Monocotyledoneae sp. , Moraceae sp. , Pinales sp. , Pteridophyta sp. , Salicaceae sp. , Salvinia sp. , Sapotaceae sp. , Stenochlaena sp. , Sterculioideae sp. , Violaceae sp. , Zingiberales sp. | [123] [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [148] [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] | ||||||
Proxapertites operculatus , Gemmatus phanocolpites gemmatus , Mauritidlites franciscoi , M. franciscoi var. pachyexinatus , Ctenolophonidites lisamae , Psilatriatriletes guaduensis , Foveotriletes cf. margaritae , Psilamonocolpites sp. , Longapertites vaneenderburgi , Retidiporites magdalenensis | [158] | ||||||
Manantial Fm. Hato Nuevo Fm. | Subcuenca Ranchería | Cesar La Guajira | Rzehakina epigona , Globorotalia conicotruncana , Globigerina eugubina , Fovetriletes margaritae , Psilatriletes guaduensis , P. martinensis , Zonotricolpites cf. variabilis , Proxapertites opercutatus , P. maracaiboensis , P. humbertoides , Psilabrevitricolpites marginatus , Ctenolophonidites sp. | [158] | |||
Paleoceno temprano | |||||||
Paleoceno | Guaduas Fm. | Zipaquirá Tasco | Cundinamarca Boyacá | Archaeopaliurus boyacensis , Bacumorphomonocolpites tausae , Buttinia andreevi , Coussapoa camargoi , Echimonocolpites echiverrucatus , E. protofranciscoi , Ficus andrewsi , Foveotriletes margaritae , Geonomites zipaquirensis , Mauritiidites franciscoi , humbertoides Proxapertites , P. operculatus , Psilatriletes martinensis , claris Retimonocolpites , Retricolpites belskii , Scabrastephanocolpites guaduensis , Spinozonocolpites echinatus, S. tausae , Syncolporites lisamae , Zonotricolpites lineaus , Berhamniphyllum sp. , Dinogymniun sp. | [159] [160] [161] [162] [163] | ||
mesozoico | Maastrichtiano | ||||||
Maastrichtiano temprano | Guadalupe Gp. | San Luis de Gaceno Cucaita | Cundinamarca Boyacá | Ophthalmoplax Andina , ? Orthocarstenia clarki , ? S. cretacea , Ostrea tecticosta , Peroniceras (Gauthiericeras) bajuvaricum , Siphogenerinoides ewaldi | [164] [165] | ||
Santonian | |||||||
Maastrichtiano | Molino Fm. | Cuenca Cesar-Ranchería | Cesar La Guajira | Globotruncana fornicata , G. caniculata ventricosa , Globigerina cretacea , Gumbelina globulosa , G. excolta , Siphogenerinoides cretacea , S. bramlettei , Abathomphalus mayorensis , Guembelitria cretacea , Globorotruncanita Conica , gansserina Gansserina gansseri , Racemiguembelina fructicosa , Heferohelix striata , H. navarroensis , excolata Pseudoguembelina , P. palpebra , Globotruncana aegyptiaca , Echitriporites suescae, Echimonocolpites ruedae , Foveotriletes margaritae , Mauritildites protofranciscoi , Psilatriletes guaduensis , Araucariacites sp. , Rugutriletes sp. , Proxapertites operculatus , P. psilatus , Spiniferites cf. ramosus , Achomosphaera sp. , Dinogymnium sp. | [166] [167] | ||
Campaniano | |||||||
Oliní Gp. | Coello | Tolima | Eonatator coellensis | [168] [169] | |||
Santonian | Conejo Fm. | Toca Cucaita | Boyacá | Archaeglobigerina blowi , Codazziceras scheibei , Dicarinella concavata , D. primitiva , Gloriaceras correai , Heterohelix globulosa , H. reussi , Lenticeras baltai , Marginotruncana angusticarenata , M. sp. Connecticut. M. renzi , M. sp. cf. M. sinuosa , Protexamites cucaitaense , Protopholoe colombiana , Rosita tornicata , Sigalitruncana sigali , Whiteinella inornata , Baculites sp. , Barroisiceras sp. ,Exogyra sp. , Hedbergella sp. , Peroniceras sp. , Pryonocicloceras sp. | [170] [171] [172] [173] [174] | ||
Turoniano | |||||||
Coniacian | La Luna Fm. | Sardinata Aguachica Lebrija Cuenca Cesar-Ranchería | Norte de Santander Santander Cesar La Guajira | Erichsenites mirabilis , Niceforoceras sp. , Paralenticeras sp. , Neoptychites sp. , Holitoides sp. , Fagesia sp. , Prothocantoceras sp. , Eucalycoceras sp. , Cloleopoceras sp. , Baroisiceras sp. , Prionotropis sp. , Baculites sp. , Tissotis sp. , Perinoceras aff. moureti , Whiteinella archeocretacea | [175] [167] [176] | ||
Turoniano | |||||||
La Frontera Fm. | Yaguará | Huila | Yaguarasaurus columbianus | [177] [178] | |||
Boyacá Cundinamarca Huila | Anomia colombiana , Codazziceras ospinae , Coilopoceras cf. newelli , Hoplitoides ingens , H. cf. lagiraldae , H. wohltmanni , Kamerunoceras cf. turoniense , Neoptychites crassus , Vascoceras cf. constrictum , V. cf. venezolanum , Wrightoceras munieri , Inoceramus sp. , Mammites sp. , Prionocycloceras sp , ? Fagesia sp. | [179] [180] [181] | |||||
Coniacian | Loma Gorda Fm. | Aipe | Huila | Ankinatsytes venezolanus , Barroisiceras onilahyense , Codazziceras ospinae , Eulophoceras Jacobi , Fagesia catinus , Hauericeras madagascarensis , ingens Hoplitoides , H. lagiraldae , Mitonia gracilis , Mytiloides kossmati , M. goppelnensis , M. scupini , cf. Neoptychites andinus , Paralenticeras sieversi , Paramammites sp. , Peroniceras subtricarinatum , Prionocycloceras guayabanum , Reesidites subtuberculatum, Subprionotropis colombianus , Allocrioceras sp. , Anagaudryceras sp. , Anomia sp. , Benueites sp. , Choffaticeras sp. , Dydimotis sp. , Forresteria sp. , Gauthiericeras sp. , Morrowites sp. , Nannovascoceras sp. , Quitmaniceras sp. | [182] | ||
Turoniano | |||||||
Turoniano temprano | Otanche Fm. | Otanche | Boyacá | Crioceratites cf. apricus | [175] | ||
Albiano temprano | |||||||
Turoniano | Chipaque Fm. | Chipaque | Cundinamarca | Exogyra squamata , Ostrea syphax | [183] [184] [185] | ||
Cenomaniano | |||||||
Turoniano | San Rafael Fm. | Pesca Samacá | Boyacá | Anomia colombiana , A. sp. cf. A. papyracea , Coilopoceras cf. lesseli , Hoplitoides cf. crassicostatus , H. cf. ingens , Kamerunoceras n. sp. aff. K. turoniense , Mammites nodosoidesappelatus , M. aff. después , Mytiloides kossmati , M. mytiloides , M. subhercynicus , Ophthalmoplax spinosus , Paramammites cf. gracilis , Archaeoglobigerina sp. , Clavihedbergella sp. , Dicarinella sp. , Globigerinelloides sp. ,Glyptoxoceras sp. , Guembelitria sp. , Hastigerinoides sp. , Hedbergella sp. , Helvetoglobotruncana sp. , Heterohelix sp. , Laeviheterohelix sp. , Watinoceras sp. , Whiteinella sp. , Wrightoceras sp. , ? Yubariceras sp. | [186] [187] | ||
Cenomaniano | |||||||
Cenomaniano tardío | Hondita Fm. | Aipe | Huila | Acanthoceras sp. , Rhynchostreon sp. | [182] | ||
Cenomaniano | Aguas Blancas Fm. | Cuenca Cesar-Ranchería | Cesar La Guajira | Ostrea scyfax , Exogyra toxaster , Choffatella decipiens , Cheloniceras sp. , Pseudosaynella sp. , Dufrenoya sp. , Turrulitas sp. , Acanthoceras sp. , ? Montelliceras sp. , ? Calvoceras sp. , Orbitolina conica texana , Heterohelix reussi , Marginotruncana sinuosa | [167] [176] | ||
Aptian | |||||||
Albiano temprano | Hiló Fm. | Prado | Tolima | Actinoceramus munsoni , A. aff. subsulcatiformis , Beudanticeras cf. rebouli , Desmoceras latidorsatum , Eubrancoceras cf. aegoceratoides , Exogyra aff. texana , Goodhallites aguilerae , Inoceramus anglicus , I. cf. cadottensis , I. aff. dunveganensis , I. aff. etheridgei , I. cf. ewaldi , I. aff. irenensis , I. prefragilis , I. cf. richensis , Lyelliceras pseudolyelli , Mojsisovicsia evansi , Mortoniceras arietiforme, Neocomiceramus neocomiensis , Neoharpoceras hugardianum , Oxytropidoceras intermedium , O. karsteni , O. laraense , O. multicostatum , O. nodosum , O. peruvianum , ? O. robustum , O. venezolanum , Prolyelliceras gevreyi , P. prorsocurvatum , Puzio media , Tegoceras mosense , Acompsoceras sp. , ? Bositra sp. , Camptonectes sp. , Entolium sp. , Hamites sp. ,Hysteroceras sp. , Mariella sp. , Ostrea sp. , Phelopteria sp. , ? Syncyclonema sp. | [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204 ] [205] [206] [207] [208] [209] | ||
Albiano temprano | Capotes Fm. | Bituima | Cundinamarca | Douvilleiceras solitae , Neodeshayesites columbianus , Paracrioceras sp. | [175] [210] | ||
Barremian | |||||||
Aptiano tardío | Yuruma Fm. Apón Fm. | Al sur de Cuiza | La guajira | Astarte cf. sieversi , Cheloniceras cf. subnodosocostatum , Crassatella cf. caudata , Cymatoceras perstriatum , Deshayesites aff. codazzianus , Hamites degenhardtii , Heinzia galeatoides , H. lindigii , H. aff. provincialis , Heteroceras cf. helicoceroides , Karsteniceras beyrichii , Nicklesia alicantensis , N. cf. colombiana , N. didayana , N. dumasiana , N. lenticulata , Parahoplites obliquus , Pedioceras caquesensis, P. undulatum , Phylloceras morelianum , P. velledae , Pinna robinaldina , Pseudoaustraliceras ramososeptatum , Pseudohaploceras aff. liptoviense , Psilotissotia maxima , Ptychoceras humboldtianum , Pulchellia caicedi , P. communis , P. elegans , P. fasciata , P. galeata , P. hettneri , P. multicostata , P. pseudokarsteni , P. radians , P. robusta , P. royoi ,Trigonia tocaimaana , Valdedorsella inca , Zurcherella zurcheri , Colombiceras sp. , Eogaudryceras sp. , Exogyra sp. , Paraspiticeras sp. , Uhligella sp. | [211] [212] [213] | ||
Barremiano temprano | |||||||
Aptiano tardío | Caballos Fm. Yaví Fm. | Alpujarra | Tolima | Araucarites sp. , Brachyphyllum sp. , Cladophlebis sp. , Weichselia sp. | [214] | ||
El Peñón Fm. | El Peñón | Cundinamarca | Cheloniceras sp. , Epicheloniceras sp. aff. carlosacostai | [210] | |||
Socotá Fm. | Útica | Cundinamarca | Acantoplitas (?) Leptoceratiforme , Dufrenoyia sanctorum , Parahoplitas (?) Hubachi , Stoyanowiceras treffryanus | [179] | |||
Aptian | Trincheras Fm. | Apulo | Cundinamarca | Heminautilus etheringtoni , Cheloniceras sp. , Heinzia sp. , Pseudohaploceras sp. , briozoos , moluscos , equinoides | [215] | ||
Aptiano temprano | Une Fm. Caballos Fm. | Firavitoba Payandé | Boyacá Tolima | Heminautilus etheringtoni | [216] | ||
Aptian | Paja Fm. | Villa de Leyva Sáchica | Boyacá | Kronosaurus boyacensis | [217] | ||
Callawayasaurus colombiensis | [218] | ||||||
Padillasaurus leivaensis | [219] | ||||||
Platypterygius sachicarum | [220] | ||||||
Desmatochelys padillai | [221] | ||||||
Brachauchenius sp. | [222] | ||||||
Stenorhynchosaurus munozi | [223] | ||||||
Muiscasaurus catheti | [224] | ||||||
Leyvachelys cipadi | [223] [225] | ||||||
Bellcarcinus aptiensis , Cenomanocarcinus vanstraeleni , Colombicarcinus laevis , Joeranina colombiana , J. kerri , Notopocorystes kerri , Planocarcinus johnjagti , Rathbunassa gen. et sp. nov. , Telamonocarcinus antiquus | [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] | ||||||
Acanthoptychoceras triumphyi , Acrioceras julivertii , Ancyloceras vandenheckii velezianum , Buergliceras buerglii , Colchidites apolinari , C. breistrofferi , Crioceratites leivaensis , C. tener , C. aff. emerici , Frenelopsis cf. ramosissima , Karsteniceras beyrichi , Karsteniceras multicostatum sp. nov. , Macroscaphites yvani disjuncticostatus , Monsalveiceras monsalvense , Nicklesia pulchella , Pedioceras asymmetricum , P. ubaquense, Protanisoceras creutzbergi , Pseudoaustraliceras columbiae , Pseudocrioceras simitiense , Pseudohaploceras incertum , Ptychoceras aff. puzosianum , Teredolites clavatus , Dufrenoyia sp. , Gerhardtia sp. , Heinzia sp. , Olcostephanus sp. , Phylloceras sp. , Prodesheyesites sp. , Pseudofrenelopsis sp. , Pulchellia sp. , Toxancycloceras sp. , Valdedorsella sp. | [222] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] [236] | ||||||
Hauteriviano | Chipatá | Santander | Hamiticeras chipatai | [232] | |||
Ritoque Fm. | Villa de Leyva | Boyacá | Valanginites santafecinus , Acanthodiscus sp. , Favrella sp. , Subastieria sp. | [237] | |||
Tibasosa Fm. | Arcabuco Santa Rosa de Viterbo | Boyacá | Subsaynella boyacaensis n. sp. , Thurmanniceras santarosanum n. sp. , ? Pseudohaploceras sp. | [238] [239] | |||
Rosablanca Fm. | Arenal del Sur Simití Socorro Zapatoca | Bolívar Santander | Diaulax rosablanca , Natica cf. bulimoides , Toxaster roulini , Trigonia transitoria quintucoensis , Acanthodiscus sp. , Crioceras sp. , Favrella sp. , Hamulina sp. , ? Kilianella sp. , Nicklesia sp. , Olcostephanus sp. Pseudohaploceras sp. , Thurmanniceras sp. | [240] [241] [242] | |||
Valanginian | |||||||
Murca Fm. | Ubalá Labranzagrande | Cundinamarca Boyacá | Berriasella colombiana , Leptoceras ublanese n. sp. , Pseudoosterella ubalaensis | [243] [244] [245] [246] [247] [248] | |||
Berriasiano | |||||||
Berriasiano temprano | Arcabuco Fm. | Chíquiza | Boyacá | Huellas de dinosaurios | [249] | ||
Titoniano | |||||||
Jurásico tardío | Valle Alto Fm. | San Félix, Salamina | Caldas | Piazopteris branneri , Cladophlebis sp. , Classopollis sp. , Ctenozamites sp. , Desmiophyllum sp. , Gleichenites sp. , Nilssoniopteris sp. , Otozamites sp. , Pachypteris sp. , Ptilophyllum sp. , Rhabdoderas sp. , Sagenopteris sp. , Sandlingites sp. , Sphenopteris sp. , Substeuroceras sp. , Trigonia sp. , Zamites sp. | [250] [251] [nota 2] | ||
Kimmeridgian | Coquina Gp. Jipi Fm. | Serranía de Cocinas | La guajira | Adelocoenia dendroidea , Allocoenia trochiformis , Halysitastraea columbiana n. gen. norte. sp. , Stylina micrommata , Thamnasteria dendroidea , Calamophylliopsis sp. , Calamophyllia sp. , Heliocoenia sp. , Isastrea sp. , Pholadomya sp. , Algas indet. , Bryozoa indet. , Gastropoda indet. , Porifera indet. | [252] | ||
Triásico tardío | Saldaña Fm. Chicalá Mb. | Payandé, San Luis | Tolima | Cycloceltites cowichanensis , Lissonites canadensis , Peripleurites boeckhi , Peripleurites roemeri , Rhabdoceras suessi | [253] [254] [255] | ||
Triásico medio | Payandé Fm. | Payandé | Tolima | Cidaris cf. hausmanni , C. cf. scrobiculata , Costatoria jaworskii , Gruenewaldia multicostata , Isocrinus aff. trechmanni , Metasibirites annulosus , M. tolimensis n. sp. , Monotis subcircularis , Myophorigonia ex gr. paucicostata , Rhabdoceras ex gr. suessi , Spiriferina abichi , Zygopleura cf. modestum , Z. cf. sturi , Z. cf. subantofiloides , Coenothyris sp. , ? Discophyllites sp. , Gervillella sp. , Homomya sp., Leptochondria sp. , ? Limatula sp. , Loxonema sp. , Megalodon sp. , ? Myophoria sp. , ? Oxynautilus sp. , ? Pleuromya sp. , ? Pomarangina sp. , Schafhaeutlia sp. , ? Wittenburgella sp. , Brachiopoda indet. , Crinoidea indet. | [256] [257] [258] [259] | ||
Paleozoico | Pérmico medio | Palmarito Fm. | Río Molino | Magdalena | Mooreoceras sp. | [260] | |
Quebrada Manaure | La guajira | Perrinites hilli , Eumedlicottia sp. , ? Stearoceras sp. | [261] | ||||
Pérmico temprano | |||||||
Carbonífero medio | |||||||
Carbonífero temprano | Cuche Fm. | Floresta | Boyacá | Antarctilamna sp. , Asterolepis sp. , Bothriolepis sp. , Holoptychius sp. , ? Strepsodus sp. , ? Ginkgo lamariensis , Baiera sp. , Welleria sp. , Lingula sp. | [262] [263] | ||
Frasnian | |||||||
Givetian temprano | Floresta Fm. | Platyceras aff. nudoso | [262] [264] | ||||
Peces placodermo , Colombianaspis carvalhoae gen. et sp. nov. , Schizobolus pilasiensis sp. nov. , Tarijactinoides sp. nov. , Anchiopsis armata , Barroisella sp. , Belenopyge contusa , Cordania gasepiou , Coronura cf. lessepsensis , Dechenella boteroi , Dipleura cf. dekayi , Greenops cf. grabaui , Kettneraspis callicera , Mannopyge sp. , Synphoria stemmata , ? Tarutiglossa sp. , Viaphacops cristata ,Acrospirifer olssoni , Anoplotheca cf. silvetii , Atrypa harrisi , Australospirifer cf. antarcticus , Aviculopecten wellsi , Brachyspirifer palmerae , Camarotoechia dotis , Chonetes cf. billingsi , C. comstockii , C. cf. stubeli , Chonostrophia knodi , Cyclotrypa boyaca , C. carribeana , C. dickeyi , C. reticulata , C. stellata , Cymostrophia dickeyi , C. schucherti , C. waringi ,Cypricardinia cf. subindenta , Cyrtina hamiltonensis , Dalmanitas cf. patacamayaensis , Dechenella boteroi , Dictyostrophia cooperi , Elytha colombiana , Eodevonaria imperialis , Favosites aff. hamiltonensis , Fenestrellina colombiana , F. olssoni , F. acuta , F. quadrata , F. harrisi , Fistulipora anomala , F. megalopora , Florestacanthus morenoi , Greenops cf. grabaui , Heliophyllum halli ,Intrapora fragilis , I. megalopora , Leiorhynchus mysia , Leptaena boyaca , Megastrophia hopkinsi , M. pygmaea , Meristella wheeleri , Nucleospira concinna , Meganteris australis , Odontopleura callicera , Pentagonia gemmisulcata , Phacops cf. salteri , Pholidops florestae , Platyostoma lineata , Pleurodictyum americanum , Polypora elegantula , P. granulifera , Prismopora inornata ,Schellwienella goldringae , Semicoscinium colombiensis , S. minutum , Spinocyrtia cf. valenteana , Spinulicosta spinulicosta , Spirifer kingi , Strophonella floweri , S. meridionalis , Sulcoretepora olssoni , S. subramosa , Taeniopora florestae , Tropidoleptus carinatus , Unitrypa casteri , Viaphacops cristata , Acanthograptus sp. , Actinopteria sp , Amphigenia sp. , Anthozoa sp. ,Aviculopecten sp. , Camarotoechia sp. , Cryptonella sp. , Cyphaspis sp. , Cryphaeus sp. , Dalmanites sp. , Derbyina sp. , Gastropoda sp. , Grammysia sp. , Homalonotus sp. , Leptostrophia sp. , Mediospirifer sp. , Orthoceras sp. , Ostracoda sp. , Orthis sp. , Paraspirifer sp. , Proetus sp. , Pterinea sp. , Strophodonta sp. , Thamnopora sp. ,Vitulina sp. | [264] [265] [266] [267] | ||||||
Emsian tardío | |||||||
devoniano | Río Cachirí Gp. | Cuenca Cesar-Ranchería | Cesar La Guajira | Acrospirifer olssoni ; Spirifer kingi , Leptaena boyaca , Fenestella venezuelansis , Neospirifer latus , Composita subtilita , Phricodrotis planoconvexa , Pecten sp. | [268] | ||
Devónico temprano | |||||||
siluriano | |||||||
Ordovícico tardío | |||||||
Ordovícico medio | Caño Cristales | Meta | Dichograptus sp. , Tetragraptus sp. , ? Lingulella sp. , ? Obolus sp. | [269] | |||
Darriwilian | El Higado Fm. Venado Fm. | Tarqui | Huila | Acodus deltatus , Anebolithus Tafuri , Costiconus iniquus , ? Costiconus cf. ethingtoni , Cryptograptus tricornis , Didymograptus artus , Didymograptus murchisoni , Drepanodus robustus , Drepanoistodus cf. tablepointensis , Hallograptus bimucronatus , Ogygiocarella cf. debuchii , Ogygiocaris cf. macrops , ? Paltodus deltifer , Parapaltodus simplicissimus , Paroistodus numarcuatus , Protolloydolithus cf. salax , Protopanderodus rectus, Semiacontiodus cf. cornuformis , Scolapodus striatus , Cerninella sp. , Cordylodus sp. , Glyptograptus sp. , ? Obolus sp. , Porterfieldia sp. , Schizocrania sp. , Asaphidae sp. | [270] [271] | ||
Floian | |||||||
Ordovícico temprano | ? Guapayito Fm. | Río Guaviare Serranía de la Macarena | Meta | Acrotreta sp. , ? Apheoorthis sp. , Basiliella sp. , Geragnostus sp. , Kainella sp. , ? Leptoplastides sp. , Lingulella sp. , Megistaspis sp. , ? Nanorthis sp. , ? Niobella sp. , ? Pseudokainella sp. , Raphiophorus sp. , Symphysurus sp. , ? Tropidodiscus sp. , Tropidopyge sp. , ? Westergaardia sp. | [272] [273] | ||
cambriano | Duda Fm. | El Dorado | Meta | Paradoxides sp. | [274] | ||
Proterozoico |
Algunos autores, Lucas , Mothé, Avilla et al., Proponen una reclasificación de los gomfoterios sudamericanos de la siguiente manera: [275] [276] [277] [278]
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