Mayor general (abreviado MG , [1] maj. Gen. Y similar) es un rango militar utilizado en muchos países. Se deriva del rango más antiguo de sargento mayor general . La desaparición del "sargento" en el título explica la aparente confusión de un teniente general que supera a un mayor general, mientras que un mayor supera a un teniente. [2]
En el Commonwealth y en los Estados Unidos , cuando se le asigna un comando de campo, un general de división suele estar al mando de una división que consta de alrededor de 6.000 a 25.000 soldados (varios regimientos o brigadas ). Allí, es un rango de dos estrellas que está subordinado al rango de teniente general y superior al rango de brigadier o general de brigada . En la Commonwealth, el general de división equivale al rango de contralmirante de la marina , y en las fuerzas aéreas, con una estructura de rango separada, equivale al vicemariscal de aire .
En algunos países, incluida gran parte de Europa del Este , el general de división es el más bajo de los rangos de oficiales generales , sin rango de grado de brigada.
Países
Australia
Austria
En el antiguo ejército austrohúngaro , el general de división se llamaba generalmajor . [3] El ejército federal austríaco de hoy todavía usa el mismo término.
Bangladesh
El general de división del Ejército de Bangladesh es equivalente al contraalmirante de la Armada de Bangladesh y al vicemariscal aéreo de la Fuerza Aérea de Bangladesh . El rango es más alto que un general de brigada y más bajo que un teniente general .
Brasil
El general de Brigada ( general de brigada ) es el rango más bajo de oficiales generales del Ejército brasileño . Un General de Brigada lleva dos estrellas, ya que este es el nivel de entrada para los oficiales generales del Ejército Brasileño. Consulte Rangos militares de Brasil y Brigadier (rango de oficial en América Latina) para obtener más información.
Canadá
En las Fuerzas Armadas Canadienses , el rango de mayor general (MGen) ( mayor general y Mgén en francés ) es tanto un rango del Ejército Canadiense como de la Real Fuerza Aérea Canadiense equivalente al rango de contraalmirante de la Marina Real Canadiense . Un general de división es un oficial general , el equivalente a un oficial de bandera naval . El rango de mayor general es superior a los rangos de general de brigada y comodoro , y de menor rango a teniente general y vicealmirante . Antes de 1968, la Fuerza Aérea usó el rango de vice-mariscal aéreo , en su lugar.
La insignia de rango para un general de división en la Real Fuerza Aérea Canadiense es una trenza ancha debajo de una sola trenza estrecha en el puño, así como dos hojas de arce plateadas debajo de una espada y un bastón cruzados, todo coronado por la Corona de San Eduardo. En el ejército canadiense, la insignia de rango es una trenza ancha en el puño, así como dos hojas de arce doradas debajo de la espada y el bastón cruzados, todo coronado por la corona de San Eduardo. Se usa en las correas de los hombros de la túnica de gala de servicio y en los otros uniformes sin cordones. En la visera de la gorra de servicio hay dos filas de hojas de roble dorado.
Los generales de división se tratan inicialmente como "generales" y nombran, al igual que todos los oficiales generales; a partir de entonces por subordinados como "señor" o "ma'am" según corresponda en inglés o mon général en francés. Los generales de división normalmente tienen derecho a vehículos de estado mayor .
Estonia
En el ejército de Estonia , el rango general mayor se llama kindralmajor .
Finlandia, Dinamarca y Suecia
El equivalente militar finlandés es kenraalimajuri en finlandés y generalmajor en sueco y danés.
Francia
El equivalente francés al rango de mayor general es général de division .
En el ejército francés, mayor general no es un rango sino un nombramiento conferido a algunos generales, generalmente de rango de general de cuerpo de armamento , que actúan como jefe de estado mayor de una de las fuerzas armadas. El mayor general asiste al jefe de estado mayor del ejército francés en asuntos tales como recursos humanos, gestión y disciplina, y su función es aproximadamente análoga a la posición del ejército británico de ayudante general de las fuerzas . El puesto de mayor general puede considerarse el equivalente a un subjefe de gabinete. Los cinco generales mayores son: el Mayor General de las Fuerzas Armadas, el Jefe del Estado Mayor General, el Mayor General del Ejército , el Mayor General de la Armada , el Mayor General de Gendarmería y el Mayor General de la Fuerza Aérea .
En el ejército francés, el general de división (en su totalidad "general de división del ejército", mayor general de l'armée de terre ) es un puesto y el general de división es normalmente del rango de general de cuerpo .
Históricamente, el ejército francés tenía algunos sargentos mayores généraux , también llamados sargentos de bataille , cuya tarea era preparar la disposición del ejército en el campo antes de una batalla. Estos sargentos mayores généraux se convirtieron en un nuevo rango, el mariscal de camp (no lo mismo que un mariscal de campo, en el ejército francés desde la antigüedad llamado Maréchal de France ), que era el equivalente al rango de mayor general. Sin embargo, el término de mayor general no se olvidó y se usó para describir el nombramiento de jefes de estado mayor de los ejércitos. Un importante general francés muy conocido fue el mariscal Louis Alexandre Berthier ; Mayor general de la Grande armée de Napoleón . Además, maréchal de camp pasó a llamarse general de brigada ( general de brigada ) en 1793. Se decidió que el rango correspondiera a general de brigada después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Georgia
In Georgia, the rank major-general (გენერალ მაიორი) has one star as for security forces. The army, however, does not follow the traditional soviet model and uses the now more common two-star insignia.
Germany
The German Army and Luftwaffe referred to the rank as Generalmajor (OF-7) until 1945. Prior to 1945, the rank of Generalleutnant (OF-8) was used to define a division commander, whereas Generalmajor was a brigade commander.
West Germany
With the remilitarization of Germany in 1955 on West Germany's admission to NATO, the Heer adopted the rank structure of the U.S., with the authority of the three lower ranks being moved up one level, and the rank of Brigadegeneral (brigadier general, OF-6) added below them. The rank of Generaloberst (OF-9, colonel general) was no longer used.
GDR National People's Army
The Nationale Volksarmee of the German Democratic Republic continued the use Generalmajor (OF-6), abbreviated as "GenMaj", as the lowest general officer rank until reunification in 1990. It was equivalent to Konteradmiral (KAdm).
Hungary
In the Magyar Honvédség (Hungarian Defence Force), the equivalent rank to major general is vezérőrnagy.
India
Major general in the Indian Army is equivalent to rear admiral in the Indian Navy and air vice marshal in the Indian Air Force. The rank is higher than a brigadier and lower than a lieutenant general.
Indonesia
In the Indonesian Army and Indonesian Marine Corps the rank "major general" is known as Mayor Jenderal TNI or Mayjen in short. Officers with this rank commonly hold the office of principal commands (such as regional military commands, special forces command, army strategic command divisions, and marine corps).
Iran
In the Iranian army and air force, the ranks above colonel are respectively sartip dovom (second brigadier general with no equivalent in other countries), sartip (brigadier general), sarlashkar (major general), sepahbod (lieutenant general), and arteshbod (general); nonetheless, major general is the highest available rank for current Iranian commanders.
Ireland
The Irish Defence Forces have two major generals. They are deputy chiefs of staff with separate responsibility for operations (DCOS Ops) and support (DCOS Sp).
Israel
In the Israel Defense Forces, a major general is called an aluf and is the second-highest rank, subordinate to rav aluf (lieutenant general or general), the rank held by the chief of staff.
Italy
In Italy, the equivalent of major general is the army rank of generale di divisione. In the army, the generale di divisione is the commander of a division.
Japan
Because no brigadier-general rank is used in Japan, major-general is the rank of brigade commander. Therefore, the designation in the French Revolutionary System is the brigade general. In the past, rikugun-shōshō (陸軍少将) in the Imperial Japanese Army was equivalent to major-general; in the current Japan Self-Defense Forces, rikushō-ho (陸将補) in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force and kūshō-ho (空将補) in the Japan Air Self-Defense Force are equivalent to it.
Kazakhstan
In the Kazakh Army, major general is the lowest of the field officer rank and is the third-highest rank in the army. It is equivalent to the rear admiral in the Kazakh Navy.
Kenya
In Kenya, major general is the third-highest rank, subordinate to general and lieutenant general, and superior to brigadier and colonel.
North Korea
The rank of sojang is also used in North Korea, where it is the lowest general officer and flag officer rank, equivalent to a one-star general. The North Korean equivalent to a two-star general is jungjang, which roughly translates as lieutenant general.
South Korea
In South Korea, the rank of major general is known as sojang (Korean: 소장; Hanja: 少將). In the Republic of Korea Army, a sojang typically commands a division of size ~10,000 soldiers. In the Republic of Korea Navy, a sojang typically commands a fleet. They both can operate an independent field operation. In the Republic of Korea Air Force, a sojang is typically the head of a command headquarter and a junjang, one rank lower than sojang, takes charge of operations. A Republic of Korea Marine Corps sojang commands a division and the South Korean Marine Corps is organized under the Navy.
New Zealand
In the New Zealand Army, major-general is the rank held by the chief of army (formerly the chief of general staff). The more senior rank of lieutenant-general is reserved for when an army officer holds the position of chief of defence force, who commands all New Zealand's armed forces. This position is subject to rotation between the heads of the air force, army, and navy.
Norway
In the Norwegian Army, the Air Force and the Home Guard, generalmajor is the lowest general officer rank, equivalent to kontreadmiral in the Navy.
Pakistan
Major general in the Pakistan Army is equivalent to rear admiral in the Navy and air vice marshal in the Air Force. It is the lowest of the general officer ranks, ranking between brigadier and lieutenant general.
Poland
Generał dywizji, literally "general of a division (military)", abbreviated gen. dyw.) is the second rank for generals in the Polish Army (both in the land forces and in the Polish air force). Depending on the context, it is equivalent to either the modern rank of major general, or the rank of brigadier general (mostly in historical context). However in navy the equivalent is Kontradmirał, the Rear admiral. In special forces, it is usually the rank of Chief of Special Forces.
Portugal
The rank of major-general was reintroduced in the Portuguese Army, Air Force and National Republican Guard in 1999, replacing the former rank of brigadier in the role of brigade commander. As a rank, it had previously been used in the Army only for a brief period (from 1862 to 1864). It is equivalent to the rank of contra-almirante (rear-admiral) in the Portuguese Navy. In 2015, the rank of major-general was moved up one level, with the role of brigade commander being assumed by the below rank of brigadier-general.
In most of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, major-general was not used as a rank in the Portuguese military, but as an appointment title conferred to the general officer that acted as the military head of a service branch. The roles of Major-General of the Navy (Major-General da Armada) and Major-General of the Army (Major-General do Exército) became extinct in 1950, with their roles being unified in the then created Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
Russia
In the Russian Army, the rank "major general" is known as генера́л-майо́р. Rated OF-6, it is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and to brigadier general in the US Army.
Sri Lanka
In the Sri Lanka Army, major-general ranks below lieutenant-general and above brigadier, and is thus the lowest of the general officer ranks. Divisions are usually commanded by major-generals.
Somalia
In Somalia, major general is used within the Somali Armed Forces (SAF) for the highest-ranking military official in the Air Force and Navy and the second highest-ranking military official in the Army.[4]
Sweden
In Sweden, the rank of generalmajor (Genmj) is used in the Army, the Amphibious Corps and the Air Force. It is the equivalent to konteramiral in the Swedish Navy. It is typically held by the heads of the three service branches, and the head of the Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, the rank of generalmajor is called Divisionär (German) or Divisionaire (French).
Thailand
In Thailand, the rank of major general is called pon-tree "พลตรี" for the Royal Thai Army, which is equivalent to rear admiral (Pon-reu-tree "พลเรือตรี") for the Navy, and air vice marshal (Pon-akat-tree "พลอากาศตรี") for the Air Force.
Turkey
The Turkish Army and Air Force refer to the rank as tümgeneral. The Turkish Navy equivalent is tümamiral. The name is derived from tümen, the Turkish word for a military division (tümen itself is an older Turkish word meaning "10,000"). Thus, linguistically, it is similar to the French equivalent for a major general, général de division.
United Kingdom
In the British Army and Royal Marines, major-general ranks below lieutenant-general and above brigadier, and is thus the lowest of the general officer ranks. Divisions are usually commanded by major-generals, and they also hold a variety of staff positions. The professional head of the Royal Marines currently holds the rank of major-general.
From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force maintained the rank of major-general. It was superseded by the rank of air vice-marshal on the following day.
Major-general, rated as OF-7, is equivalent to rear admiral in the Royal Navy and air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force.
United States
In the United States Army, a major general (MG) typically commands a division of 10,000–20,000 soldiers and is capable of fully independent field operations. They may also serve as deputy commanders in 3-star commands or as senior directors on Army and joint staffs. In the case of the Army National Guard, they may also serve as The Adjutant General (TAG) for their state, commonwealth or territory.
In the United States Marine Corps, major generals (MajGen) typically serve as commanding generals of Marine Expeditionary Forces, Marine Divisions, Marine Aircraft Wings, Joint Task Force Commanders, deputy commanders in 3-star commands or as senior directors on Marine Corps and joint staffs.
In the United States Air Force, major generals (Maj Gen) typically serve as Numbered Air Force commanders, vice commanders of 3-star commands, joint task force commanders, warfare center, training center, weapons center, or logistics center commanders, or senior directors on Air Force and joint staffs. In the case of the Air National Guard, they may also serve as The Adjutant General (TAG) for their state, commonwealth or territory.
Vietnam
In Vietnam, the rank of major general is known as thiếu tướng. It is used in the army and the air force. In navy it is the equivalent to Chuẩn Đô đốc. Overall the major general is a one-star rank.
In the Vietnamese People's Army, a major general commands a corps of 30,000–40,000 soldiers and is capable of fully independent field operation.
Insignias
Army
Afghan National Army
Turan JenralAustralian Army
major generalAustrian Armed Forces
GeneralmajorBangladesh Army
Major generalArmed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
general majorCanadian Army
major generalColombian Army
Mayor GeneralCroatian Army
general bojnikCzech Army
generálmajorEgyptian Army
Major General
(Arabic: لواء)Estonian Army
kindralmajorFinnish Army
kenraalimajuriGeorgian Armed Forces
გენერალ მაიორიGerman Bundeswehr
GeneralmajorNationale Volksarmee of the GDR
GeneralmajorGreek Army
YpostratigosΥποστράτηγοςGuyana Defence Force
major generalIndian Army
major generalIndonesian Army
mayor jenderalIranian Army
sarlashkar-سرلشکرIranian Corps
sarlashkar-سرلشکرIrish Army
major generalItalian Army
generale di divisionemaggiore generaleJapan Ground Self-Defense Force
Rikushō-hoArmy of the Republic of Macedonia
Генерал мајор ( general major)Norwegian Army
generalmajorRoyal Netherlands Army
generaal-majoorPakistan Army
major generalPhilippine Army
Magat HeneralPolish Army
generał dywizjiPortuguese Army
major-generalRomanian Army
general-maiorRussian Army
Генера́л-майорSerbian Army
Генерал-мајорSingapore Armed Forces:
Major GeneralSwedish Army
generalmajorRoyal Thai Army
Phon TriTurkish Land Forces
TümgeneralUkrainian Army
Генерал-майорUK (British) Army
major generalU.S. Army
major generalVietnam Ground Force
major general
Air force
Royal Canadian Air Force
( French: Major-général)Czech Air Force
( Generálmajor)Royal Danish Air Force
( Generalmajor)Georgian Air Force Luftwaffe
( Generalmajor)Greece
( Υποπτέραρχος)Irish Air Corps
( Maor-ghinearál)Japan Air Self-Defense Force
(Kūshō-ho)Royal Malaysian Air Force
( Mejar Jeneral)Royal Netherlands Air Force
( Generaal-majoor)Philippine Air Force
( Magat Heneral)Poland Portuguese Air Force Romanian Air Force
( General-maior)Russian Air Force
( Генера́л-майор)Serbian Air Force
( Генерал-мајор)Swedish Air Force
( Generalmajor)Turkish Air Force
TümgeneralUkrainian Air Force
Генерал-майорUS Air Force
Major generalVietnam People's Air Force
major general
Swedish Amphibious Corps
( Generalmajor)UK Royal Marines US Marine Corps Indonesian Marine Corps
(mayor jenderal)Ukrainian Marine corps
(Генерал-майор)
Ver también
- Comparative military ranks
- Military unit
- Major General's Song
Referencias
Citations
- ^ MILITÄRISCHES STUDIENGLOSAR ENGLISCH Teil I, L – Z, Bundessprachenamt (Stand Januar 2001), page 742, definition: Major General [MG].
- ^ https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/why-does-a-major-general-rank-below-a-lieutenant-general-20030816-gdh98m.html
- ^ Bowden & Tarbox, p 24. The authors write that FML (field-marshal-lieutenant) is the same as lieutenant-general and General-feldwachtmeister the same as major-general, but they list no equivalent rank to brigadier-general. Nevertheless, the page cited is an excellent source of Austro-Hungarian ranks.
- ^ Somalia: A Country Study – Army Ranks and Insignia Archived 2012-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, www.marines.mil
Sources
- Boatner, Mark M., III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: David McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-679-50013-8.
- Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. Armies on the Danube 1809. Arlington, TX: Empire Games Press, 1980. OCLC 6649795.
- Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2. New York: Random House, 1986. ISBN 0-394-74621-X.
enlaces externos
Media related to Major generals at Wikimedia Commons