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El brote de tornados de marzo de 1990 en el centro de Estados Unidos afectó partes de las regiones de las Grandes Llanuras y el Medio Oeste de los Estados Unidos desde Iowa hasta Texas del 11 al 13 de marzo de 1990. El brote produjo al menos 64 tornados en la región, incluidos cuatro tornados violentos; dos tornados, que tocaron tierra al norte y al oeste de Wichita, Kansas , fueron clasificados como F5, incluido el tornado que azotó a Hesston. En Nebraska, varios tornados fuertes aterrizaron en la parte sur y central del estado, incluido un tornado F4 (posiblemente una familia de tornados) que viajó a lo largo de 131 millas (211 km), lo que lo convirtió en el tornado más largo del brote. Dos personas murieron en el brote, una cada una por los dos tornados F5 en Kansas.

Resumen [ editar ]

El brote de tornados en el centro de Estados Unidos del 13 de marzo de 1990 fue uno de los brotes más violentos jamás documentados en marzo (solo superado por el brote de tornados del Domingo de Ramos de 1920 en términos de tornados violentos y la Secuencia de brotes de tornados de marzo de 2006 en términos de número total de tornados notificados). Numerosos tornados tocaron tierra en Nebraska , Kansas , Oklahoma e Iowa . Se observaron dos tormentas eléctricas tornádicas con vidas excepcionales / familias de tornados, una de las cuales produjo un tornado F4 en el este de Nebraska que estuvo en el suelo por más de 100 millas (160 km). El otro produjo una extensa familia de tornados.en el sur de Kansas que incluyó dos tornados F5. El primero de ellos golpeó la ciudad de Hesston, Kansas , y fue uno de los tornados violentos más fotografiados y documentados de la historia. [ cita requerida ]

Tornados confirmados [ editar ]

(basado en datos de tormentas de la NOAA )

Evento del 11 de marzo [ editar ]

Evento del 12 de marzo [ editar ]

Evento del 13 de marzo [ editar ]

The Hesston and Goessel Tornado Family[edit]

The Hesston, Kansas tornado as it passed through town near Interstate 135.

The tornadoes that struck Hesston and Goessel were both spawned by the same supercell thunderstorm. They were part of what is known as a tornado family; a family that included several additional touchdowns after the Goessel storm dissipated.[2]

The first tornado of the Hesston storm touched down at approximately 4:34 p.m. CDT just to the northeast of Pretty Prairie. It was initially between 200 and 500 yards in diameter, and caused minimal (F1-F2) damage as it churned between Castleton and the Cheney Reservoir. Photographic evidence suggests significant widening as the tornado approached Haven and the Arkansas River. The damage path ranged between 1/2 and 3/4 miles near Haven, and several homes were completely demolished indicating F4 damage. Had the tornado moved through a more populated area in this stage of its life, it is likely that it would have caused much more dramatic damage. Fairly constant F3 damage was produced from Haven to Burrton and to the Little Arkansas River. The path width remained over 0.5 miles (0.80 km) in diameter.

Northeast of the Little Arkansas, the track abruptly decreased in width from 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to just over 300 yards (270 m). Photographs suggest what appears to be a re-organization of the tornadic circulation; initially a wedge like appearance, the funnel quickly became tall and narrow. The most significant damage was done in this stage, however. The tornado plowed into the town of Hesston, just northwest of Newton on I-135. A total of 226 homes and 21 businesses were destroyed, and several were swept completely from their foundations with only slabs and empty basements remaining. Several industrial buildings were obliterated, and vehicles were thrown and stripped down to their frames. Portions of the damage path in Hesston were rated F5. 20 farms were torn apart in rural areas outside of town. Light debris from Hesston was found 115 miles (185 km) away in Nebraska. One person died and 59 people were injured.

The series of events that occurred as the tornado moved past the Hesston area were most interesting. Eyewitness accounts observed the touchdown of an additional tornado just to the north. This is consistent with models of what is known as a "tornado handoff", in which an old mesocyclone and tornado occlude as a new mesocyclone and tornado further downwind becomes dominant.[3] Over the course of a few miles, the new tornado intensified and the original one abruptly constricted and apparently became a satellite tornado to the new tornado. Eventually, the Hesston tornado (after traveling nearly 48 miles (77 km)) occluded and merged with the new tornado, and the supercell began to re-intensify. The new tornado rapidly became very large, and violent damage was produced by the second tornado in Marion County. Several homes were again completely obliterated and swept away and one additional fatality was reported. The tornado produced very severe cycloidal ground scouring in farm fields, and damage near the town of Goessel was "extreme F5" according to NWS damage surveyors. The severity of the damage left behind by this tornado led some meteorologists to believe that the Goessel tornado was among the strongest ever documented at that time. The storm passed Goessel and then dissipated approximately 22 miles (35 km) from its genesis.[4][5]

See also[edit]

  • List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

References[edit]

  1. ^ Thomas P. Grazulis (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  2. ^ Jonathan M. Davies; C. A. Doswell; D. W. Burgess; J. F. Weaver (1994). "Some Noteworthy Aspects of the Hesston, Kansas, Tornado Family of 13 March 1990". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 75 (6): 1007–1017. Bibcode:1994BAMS...75.1007D. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1007:SNAOTH>2.0.CO;2.
  3. ^ Marshall, Tim (1995). Storm Talk. David Hoadley (illust.). Texas.
  4. ^ Thomas P. Grazulis (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  5. ^ Michael Smith (April 20, 1990). "Kansas twister might be the strongest ever recorded". Fort Scott Tribune. unknown: Fort Scott Tribune. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  • NOAA Storm Data
  • "Information on the 1990 Hesston Tornado". National Weather Service Wichita KS. 2000. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
  • Inglish, Howard (1990). Year of the Storms: The Destructive Kansas Weather of 1990. Hillsboro, KS: Hearth Pub.

External links[edit]

  • "Monster on the Prairie, Hesston, Kansas 1990"
  • Video of the tornado