El Partido Conservador ( Bokmål : Høyre , Nynorsk : Høgre , lit. 'Derecha', H ) es un partido político liberal-conservador [13] en Noruega . Es el partido principal del centro-derecha noruego y el partido líder en el gabinete gobernante de Solberg . La actual líder del partido es la Primera Ministra Erna Solberg . El partido es miembro de la Unión Demócrata Internacional y miembro asociado del Partido Popular Europeo .
Partido Conservador Høyre | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Abreviatura | H |
Líder | Erna Solberg |
Líder parlamentario | Trond Helleland |
Fundado | 25 de agosto de 1884 |
Sede | Stortingsgaten 20 0161 Oslo (Høyres hus) |
Ala juvenil | Jóvenes conservadores noruegos |
Ala LGBT | Åpne Høyre [1] |
Membresía (2020) | ![]() |
Ideología | Conservadurismo [3] [4] [5] Conservadurismo liberal [6] Proeuropeismo [7] [8] |
Posicion politica | Centro derecha [9] |
Afiliación europea | Partido Popular Europeo (asociado) |
Afiliación internacional | Unión Demócrata Internacional |
Afiliación nórdica | Grupo conservador |
Colores | Azul |
Eslogan | "Vi tror på Norge" ( Creemos en Noruega ) [10] |
Storting | 45/169 |
Consejos comarcales | 167/777 |
Ayuntamientos [11] | 1.954 / 10.620 |
Parlamento Sami [12] | 1/39 |
Sitio web | |
www.høyre.no | |
El partido es tradicionalmente un partido pragmático y moderadamente conservador fuertemente asociado con las élites tradicionales dentro de la administración pública y la vida empresarial noruega. Durante el siglo XX el partido ha abogado por el liberalismo económico , los recortes de impuestos , los derechos individuales , el apoyo al monarquismo , la Iglesia de Noruega y las Fuerzas Armadas , el anticomunismo , el proeuropeismo y el apoyo al modelo nórdico ; con el tiempo, los valores del partido se han vuelto más liberales socialmente en áreas como la igualdad de género, los derechos LGBT y las cuestiones de inmigración e integración, y el partido es relativamente laico a pesar de su apoyo nominal a la Iglesia de Noruega ; el partido se define a sí mismo como un partido que persigue una " política progresista conservadora basada en los valores culturales cristianos, el gobierno constitucional y la democracia". [14] [15] En línea con su alineación occidental, el partido apoya firmemente a la OTAN , que Noruega cofundó, y ha sido consistentemente el partido más abiertamente pro-Unión Europea en Noruega, apoyando la membresía noruega durante los referéndums de 1972 y 1994 . [dieciséis]
El Partido Conservador tradicionalmente atiende a la élite educada; tiene los votantes más educados de todos los partidos y es el partido más popular entre los grupos de élite. [17] [18] En la era de la posguerra, el partido formó un gran consenso con el Partido Laborista con respecto a la política exterior y de seguridad, frecuentemente expresada por la máxima "la política exterior está resuelta" ( utenrikspolitikken ligger fast ), que llevó a Noruega a co - fundó la OTAN y entabló una estrecha alianza con Estados Unidos , y las políticas económicas de las partes se han ido volviendo cada vez más similares. Ambos partidos son pragmáticos, relativamente tecnocráticos, anti-populistas y cercanos al centro político. [19] El partido apoya el modelo nórdico , sino también una cierta cantidad de semi- privatización a través de servicios privados financiados por el estado. [20]
Fundado en 1884, el Partido Conservador es el segundo partido político más antiguo de Noruega después del Partido Liberal . [21] En la era de entreguerras , uno de los principales objetivos del partido era lograr una alianza de centro-derecha contra el creciente movimiento obrero , cuando el partido entró en declive. En la posguerra hasta 2005 el partido participó en seis gobiernos; dos década de 1960 los gobiernos nacionales ( Gabinete de Lyng y el gabinete de Borten ), uno de 1980 del Partido Conservador del gobierno minoritario ( de Willoch primer gabinete ), dos década de 1980 los gobiernos tripartitos ( de Willoch segundo gabinete y el gabinete de Syse ), en la década de 2000 Segundo Gabinete de Bondevik , y desde 2013 se ha sido el socio dominante en un gobierno de coalición que actualmente también incluye a los demócratas cristianos y al Partido Liberal. [20]
Historia
The Conservative Party of Norway (Høire, now spelled Høyre, lit. "The Right") was founded in 1884 after the implementation of parliamentarism in Norway. The jurist Emil Stang was elected the first chairman of the party. Stang underlined important principles for the work in Høyre. The party was to be a social party of reforms that worked within the constitutional frames set by a parliamentary democracy. Høyre's electoral support has varied. In the 1981 election, Høyre got 31.7%, the best result since 1924. The result in 1993 was 17%, which saw the election influenced by the EU membership issue which divided the Liberal Party. The 1997 parliamentary election resulted in the lowest support since 1945, with only 14.3% of the votes. Høyre has since then seen support ranging from just over 14% to just under 27%.
Early 1900s
In the beginning of the 20th century Høyre took the initiative to construct a modern Norwegian communications network. After the devastating First World War it was important for Høyre to work for the reconstruction of sound, economic politics. An example of this is the resolution Høyre passed in 1923 introducing old-age insurance. But because of the State's finances it was not possible to continue this effort. Høyre was the leading party in opposition in the post-war years in Norway. Høyre fought against the Labour Party's regulating policy. Høyre wanted another future for Norway consisting of private initiative and creative forces.
Høyre has been a protagonist in the construction of the welfare system in Norway, and has on several occasions taken the initiative to correct injustices in social care regulations.[citation needed] Additionally, Høyre has advocated that the state's activity must concentrate on its basic problems and their solutions.
Post-war years
During the post-war years Høyre has consolidated its position as a party with appeal to all parts of the nation. Non-socialist co-operation as an alternative to socialism has always been one of Høyre's main aims. Høyre has led several coalition governments. The Christian Democratic Party was one of Høyre's coalition partners both in 1983–86 and 1989–90.
The party strongly supported the Western alignment of Norway during the Cold War; it strongly supports NATO, which Norway co-founded in 1949, and has consistently been the most outspokenly pro-European Union party in Norway, supporting Norwegian membership during both the 1972 and 1994 referendums.[16]
At the parliamentary election in 1993, it was impossible to present a credible non-socialist government alternative, because Høyre's former coalition parties, The Christian Democrats and the Centre Party, both campaigned strongly against Norwegian membership of the EU.
Before the parliamentary election in 1997 the Labour party proclaimed that they would not be willing to govern the country if they did not obtain more than 36.9% of the votes. As it turned out, they got 35%, and other parties had to form a government. Originally, there were serious discussions between Høyre, The Christian Democrats and Venstre to take on this task, but the end result was that the two latter parties joined forces with the Centre Party to create a minority government without Høyre.
Today
In the parliamentary election in September 2001, Høyre obtained 21.2 percent of the votes. After a series of discussions Høyre was once again able to take part in a coalition government, this time with the Christian Democratic Party (KrF), and the Liberal Party (V). The total percentage obtained for these three parties at last general election was 37.5. Høyre, as the largest party in the coalition government, had 38 members in the present Storting, and 10 of the 19 ministers in the Government were Høyre representatives. Høyre's three focal areas this period were to establish a rise in quality in Norway's educational system, lower taxes and produce a higher service level in state sectors.
In the 2005 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 14.1% of the votes. The election outcome put Høyre back in opposition, and the party got 23 members in the present Storting.
In the 2009 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 17.2% of the votes, and 30 members in the present Storting.
During the local elections of 2011, however, the party gained 27.6 percent of the vote, and it has since then, without exceptions, polled first and second.
In the 2013 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 26.8 percent of the votes, and 48 members in the present Storting. Høyre formed a minority government, with confidence and supply from KrF and V. The Government was reelected in 2017 and became a majority Government in 2019.
Ideología
Høyre defines itself as a party pursuing a "conservative progressive policy based on Christian cultural values, constitutional government and democracy."[14]
Høyre is considered a centre-right reform party profess to the moderately conservative political tradition, similar to the CDU of Germany. The party broadly supports the Nordic model, like all large parties in Norway. In relative terms the party advocates a degree of fiscal free-market policies, including tax cuts and relatively little government involvement in the economy, while still supporting the welfare state and the social market economy.
Høyre is also the only party in the Storting which proposes a reduction in public spending. The party is often associated with wealth and has historically been attacked by the left for defending the country's richest, although this argument is rarely presented any more.[citation needed]
Traditionally the party supports established institutions such as the monarchy, the armed forces, and the state Church of Norway. Its social policies were always considered moderate and pragmatic for its time, but have gradually become more socially liberal. The party voted in 2008 for a law that recognised same-sex marriage and gay adoption rights.[22]
Membresía y votantes demográficos
The party has around 30,000 registered members (2018). The Central Board of the Conservative Party meets seven times a year to discuss important matters such as budget, organisational work, plans, party platforms, and drawing up political lines.
The party traditionally caters to the educated elite; it has the most highly educated voters of all parties, and is the most popular party among elite groups.[17][18]
Lista de presidentes y líderes de partidos
- Emil Stang, 1884–1889
- Christian Homann Schweigaard, 1889–1891
- Emil Stang, 1891–1893
- Christian Homann Schweigaard, 1893–1896
- Emil Stang, 1896–1899
- Francis Hagerup, 1899–1902
- Ole Larsen Skattebøl, 1902–1905
- Edm. Harbitz, 1905–1907
- Fredrik Stang, 1907–1911
- Jens Bratlie, 1911–1919
- Otto Bahr Halvorsen, 1919–1923
- Ivar Lykke, 1923–1926
- Carl Joachim Hambro, 1926–1934
- Johan H. Andresen, 1934–1937
- Ole Ludvig Bærøe, 1937–1940
- Arthur Nordlie, 1945–1950
- Carl Joachim Hambro, 1950–1954
- Alv Kjøs, 1954–1962
- Sjur Lindebrække, 1962–1970
- Kåre Willoch, 1970–1974
- Erling Norvik, 1974–1980
- Jo Benkow, 1980–1984
- Erling Norvik, 1984–1986
- Rolf Presthus, 1986–1988
- Kaci Kullmann Five, 1988
- Jan P. Syse, 1988–1991
- Kaci Kullmann Five, 1991–1994
- Jan Petersen, 1994–2004
- Erna Solberg, 2004–
Resultados electorales
Date | Votes | Seats | Position | Size | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | ± pp | # | ± | |||
1885 | 33,284 | 36.6 | ![]() | 30 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition | 2nd |
1888 | 36,564 | 38.7 | ![]() | 51 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition (1888) | ![]() |
Minority (from 1889) | |||||||
1891 | 50,059 | 49.2[b] | ![]() | 35 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1894 | 81,462 | 49.3[b] | ![]() | 40 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1897 | 77,682 | 46.7[b] | ![]() | 25 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1900 | 96,092 | 40.8[b] | ![]() | 31 / 114 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1903 | 106,042 | 44.8[b] | ![]() | 47 / 117 | ![]() | Coalition (1903–1905, H–V–S) | ![]() |
Coalition (1905–1906, H–V–MV) | |||||||
1906 | Within the Coalition Party | ![]() | 36 / 123 | ![]() | Opposition | 2nd | |
1909 | 175,388 | 41.5[d] | ![]() | 64 / 123 | ![]() | Opposition (1909–1910) | ![]() |
Coalition (from 1910, H–FV) | |||||||
1912 | 162,074 | 33.2[d] | ![]() | 24 / 123 | ![]() | Coalition (1912–1913, H–FV) | ![]() |
Opposition (from 1913) | |||||||
1915 | 179,028 | 29.0[d] | ![]() | 21 / 123 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1918 | 201,325 | 30.4[d] | ![]() | 49 / 126 | ![]() | Opposition (1918–1920) | ![]() |
Coalition (from 1920, H–FV) | |||||||
1921 | 301,372 | 33.3[d] | ![]() | 57 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition (1921–1923) | ![]() |
Coalition (from 1923, H–FV) | |||||||
1924 | 316,846 | 32.5[d] | ![]() | 54 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition (1924–1926) | ![]() |
Coalition (from 1926, H–FV) | |||||||
1927 | 240,091 | 24.0[d] | ![]() | 31 / 150 | ![]() | Coalition (1927–1928, H–FV) | ![]() |
Opposition (from 1928) | |||||||
1930 | 327,731 | 27.4[d] | ![]() | 44 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1933 | 252,506 | 20.2[d] | ![]() | 30 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1936 | 310,324 | 21.3[d] | ![]() | 36 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1945 | 252,608 | 17.0 | ![]() | 25 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1949 | 279,790 | 18.3[e] | ![]() | 23 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1953 | 327,971 | 18.6[e] | ![]() | 27 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1957 | 301,395 | 18.9[e] | ![]() | 29 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1961 | 354,369 | 20.0[e] | ![]() | 29 / 150 | ![]() | Opposition[f] | ![]() |
1965 | 415,612 | 21.1[e] | ![]() | 31 / 150 | ![]() | Coalition (1965–1969, H–V–Sp–KrF) | ![]() |
1969 | 406,209 | 19.6[e] | ![]() | 29 / 150 | ![]() | Coalition (1969–1971, H–V–Sp–KrF) | ![]() |
Opposition (from 1971) | |||||||
1973 | 370,370 | 17.4[e] | ![]() | 29 / 155 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1977 | 563,783 | 24.8[e] | ![]() | 41 / 155 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1981 | 780,372 | 31.7 | ![]() | 53 / 155 | ![]() | Minority (1981–1983) | ![]() |
Coalition (from 1983, H–KrF–Sp) | |||||||
1985 | 791,537 | 30.4 | ![]() | 50 / 157 | ![]() | Coalition (1985–1986, H–KrF–Sp) | ![]() |
Opposition (from 1986) | |||||||
1989 | 588,682 | 22.2 | ![]() | 37 / 165 | ![]() | Coalition (1989–1990, H–KrF–Sp) | ![]() |
Opposition (from 1990) | |||||||
1993 | 419,373 | 17.0 | ![]() | 28 / 165 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
1997 | 370,441 | 14.3 | ![]() | 23 / 165 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
2001 | 534,852 | 21.2 | ![]() | 38 / 165 | ![]() | Coalition (H–KrF–V) | ![]() |
2005 | 372,008 | 14.1 | ![]() | 23 / 169 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
2009 | 462,465 | 17.2 | ![]() | 30 / 169 | ![]() | Opposition | ![]() |
2013 | 760,232 | 26.8 | ![]() | 48 / 169 | ![]() | Coalition (H–FrP) | ![]() |
2017 | 731,621 | 25.1 | ![]() | 45 / 169 | ![]() | Coalition (2017–2018, H–FrP) | ![]() |
Coalition (2018–2019, H–FrP–V) | |||||||
Coalition (2019–2020, H–FrP–V–KrF) | |||||||
Coalition (from 2020, H–V–KrF) |
Ver también
- Politics of Norway
Notas
- ^ Compared to the Conservatives, a broad movement opposing parliamentarism prior to the creation of political parties (in contrast with the Liberals which supported it). The Conservative Party was formed in 1884 in connection with this dispute.
- ^ a b c d e Contested the election in alliance with the Moderate Liberal Party.
- ^ a b Compared to the combined seats and vote share of the Conservative Party, the Moderate Liberal Party, and the Coalition Party in the previous parliament.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Includes vote share and seats of the Free-minded Liberal Party (Statistics Norway).[23]
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Conservative Party ran on joint lists in a limited number of constituencies from 1949 to 1977. Vote numbers are from independent Conservative lists only, while vote percentage also includes the Conservative Party's estimated share from joint lists (Statistics Norway estimates).[24]
- ^ In government coalition from 28 August 1963 to 25 September 1963, see Lyng's Cabinet.
Referencias
- ^ "Forsiden - Åpne Høyre". Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "God medlemsvekst". Hoyre (in Norwegian). 14 January 2020.
- ^ Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ "Norway - Political parties" Archived 5 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Norsk samfunnsvitenskapelig datatjeneste.
- ^ "Høyre" Archived 26 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Store norske leksikon. "Høyre er et norsk konservativt politisk parti... Høyres politikk bygger på tankegods fra konservatismen og liberalismen."
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Norway". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ "Høyre" Archived 26 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Store norske leksikon. "Ved EF/EU-avstemningene i 1972 og 1994 var Høyre det klareste ja-partiet."
- ^ "Høyre" Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine Høyre's Politikk. "Høyre ønsker å erstatte EØS-avtalen med full deltagelse i EU."
- ^ "The political framework of Norway". Nordea. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ^ "Høyre - Vi tror på Norge". Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Høgre". Valg 2011 (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Landsoversikt per liste". Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "Valgomaten: Riksdekkende 2007". Aftenposten. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b Information about Høyre
- ^ Wayne C. Thompson (2012) Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2012, p.54.
- ^ a b Tvedt, Knut Are (31 October 2009). "Høyre". In Pettersen, Henrik (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Syv grafer som viser hvor forskjellige Høyre og Frp-velgerne faktisk er". www.aftenposten.no.
- ^ a b Nicolajsen, Av Stian. "Eliten skyr Frp og Sp". Klassekampen.
- ^ "På sitt beste har Ap ført bedre høyrepolitikk enn Høyre". Civita. 5 April 2020.
- ^ a b Helljesen, Vilje; Bakken, Laila Ø. "Høyre – skatter, skole og frihet". Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
- ^ "Partienes historie". Eidsvoll 1814. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ^ John Kaare Bjerkan: Historisk vedtak Archived 11 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine NRK, 11 June 2008
- ^ "Statistisk årbok 2000, Tabell 2: Stortingsvalg. Valgte representanter, etter parti. 1906–2001". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "Tabell 25.3 Stortingsvalg. Godkjente stemmer etter parti1. Prosent". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
enlaces externos
- (in Norwegian) Høyre – Official site
- (in English) Conservative Party (Høyre) – Information in English
- (in Norwegian) Unge Høyre – Official site of the Young Conservatives
- (in Norwegian) Høyres Studenterforbund – Site of the Conservative Students' Union
- Election results for the Conservative Party in the 2011 local elections