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28 de septiembre de 1912: Miles firman el Pacto del Ulster
22 de septiembre de 1912: Edwin Armstrong realiza la primera prueba exitosa del revolucionario circuito regenerativo.
21 de septiembre de 1912: Houdini revela el acto más peligroso hasta la fecha

Los siguientes eventos ocurrieron en septiembre de 1912 :

1 de septiembre de 1912 (domingo) [ editar ]

Fisher: "¡Un camino a través de los Estados Unidos!"
  • En Marruecos , las tropas francesas sofocaron un levantamiento nativo. [1]
  • En Indianápolis , el empresario Carl G. Fisher , presidente de la Compañía Prest-O-Lite y fundador de la carrera de las 500 Millas de Indianápolis , organizó una cena para sus colegas de la industria automotriz y dio a conocer sus planes para la autopista Lincoln . "¡Un camino a través de los Estados Unidos! ¡Construyémoslo antes de que seamos demasiado viejos para disfrutarlo!" El sendero para automóviles , que pavimentaba caminos para conectar las carreteras existentes, iría desde la ciudad de Nueva York a San Francisco y se completaría en 1925. [2]
  • El buque de inspección de la Royal Navy HMS  Waterwitch se hundió en el puerto de Singapur después de ser embestido accidentalmente por un bote de lanzamiento propiedad del gobernador colonial. La reflotaron dos días después y la vendieron como chatarra en octubre. [3]
  • La Capilla de Todos los Santos celebró su primer servicio dominical en el resort Poland Spring en Polonia, Maine . Fue agregado al Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos en 1977. [4]
  • Nació:
    • Gwynfor Evans , político galés, fundador y primer presidente del partido nacionalista galés Plaid Cymru , miembro del parlamento de Carmarthen de 1966 a 1970 y de 1974 a 1979, en Barry , Gales (m. 2005 )
    • Bernard Sarnat, cirujano plástico estadounidense y desarrollador de técnicas de cirugía craneofacial , en Chicago (m. 2011) [5]
  • Murió: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor , 37, compositor inglés, apodado "El Mahler africano", colaborador del poema épico The Song of Hiawatha (n. 1875 )

2 de septiembre de 1912 (lunes) [ editar ]

  • Woodrow Wilson abrió su campaña presidencial con un discurso del Día del Trabajo en Buffalo, Nueva York . [6]
  • Se llevó a cabo la primera Estampida de Calgary , que duró seis días, tuvo una duración de seis días y atrajo a 80.000 personas. [7]
  • En el Reino Unido , el presidente del Congreso de Sindicatos , Will Thorne, inauguró la conferencia anual del TUC con una demanda de propiedad común y un ataque al gobierno por su comportamiento en las huelgas recientes. [1]
  • El presidente de los Estados Unidos, William Howard Taft, firmó una orden ejecutiva que establece la primera "Reserva de petróleo naval" (NPR-1) que se utilizará para la Armada de los Estados Unidos en caso de guerra. NPR-1 estaba ubicado en un campo petrolero propiedad del gobierno en el condado de Kern, California . [8]
  • La muy esperada película rumana Independența României se estrenó en Bucarest , que describe los acontecimientos de la guerra ruso-turca que llevaron a la independencia de Rumanía . La respuesta fue mixta, en parte porque la película fue una producción por primera vez para la mayoría de los actores y el equipo involucrado y muchos errores llegaron a la pantalla. Sin embargo, la película finalmente se convirtió en un éxito financiero y se considera un hito para el cine rumano. [9]
  • Nació:
    • David Daiches , crítico literario británico, autor de The Place of Meaning in Poetry y A Critical History of English Literature , en Sunderland , Inglaterra (m. 2005 )
    • Imre Finta , oficial del ejército húngaro-canadiense, primera persona procesada por crímenes de guerra bajo la ley canadiense, en Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungría (ahora Cluj-Napoca , Rumania) (m. 2003 )
    • Xuân Thủy , funcionario vietnamita, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Vietnam del Norte , en el distrito de Hà Đông , Indochina francesa (m. 1985 )

3 de septiembre de 1912 (martes) [ editar ]

  • Sheik Shawish fue arrestado en El Cairo acusado de conspiración contra Lord Kitchener y el Jedive . [10]
  • Nadie ganó la mayoría en las elecciones estatales para gobernador de Vermont , y el asunto se envió a la legislatura estatal para decidir el 2 de octubre. [11]
  • El príncipe Arturo , gobernador general de Canadá , inauguró oficialmente el edificio de la legislatura de Alberta en Edmonton , aunque la construcción del edificio del gobierno provincial continuó hasta 1913. [12]
  • La Opus No. 16 de Arnold Schoenberg , compuesta en 1909 y titulada Cinco piezas para orquesta , recibió su primera interpretación pública. Sir Henry Wood dirigió el estreno en el Queen's Hall de Londres . [13]
  • El drama histórico Drake of England del dramaturgo Louis N. Parker se representó por primera vez en el Her Majesty's Theatre de Londres y tuvo 221 funciones. [14]

4 de septiembre de 1912 (miércoles) [ editar ]

  • La revuelta albanesa terminó cuando el Imperio Otomano aceptó las demandas de los rebeldes albaneses en su provincia de Montenegro . [15]
  • Catorce personas murieron en la explosión de una mina de carbón en Clarence Coal Company en Pas-de-Calais , Francia . [10]
  • En Londres , 22 resultaron heridos en una colisión de metro en la línea Piccadilly , el primer accidente de este tipo en el metro de Londres . [1]
  • Murió: William John McGee , 59, geólogo estadounidense, nota por sus estudios del valle del Mississippi y los lagos cuaternarios de California y Nevada (n. 1853 )

5 de septiembre de 1912 (jueves) [ editar ]

  • Un barco, que traía el monumento para conmemorar la victoria francesa de Napoleón sobre los rusos en Borodino , se hundió, matando a todos a bordo. [10]
  • Quince cristianos fueron masacrados por los turcos en Heimeli, cerca de Scutari .
  • Ellen Gric, una mujer blanca de 22 años que vive en el condado de Forsyth, Georgia , informó que había sido atacada y casi violada por dos hombres negros cerca de su casa. Las acusaciones resultantes desencadenaron una serie de ataques violentos contra residentes negros en el condado y el arresto de hombres negros sospechosos del crimen, incluso cuando surgieron dudas sobre su validez. [dieciséis]
  • Arthur MacArthur Jr. , ex gobernador general de Filipinas y padre del futuro general Douglas MacArthur , sufrió un derrame cerebral fatal mientras pronunciaba un discurso en una reunión del 24 ° regimiento de Wisconsin que había comandado durante la Guerra Civil estadounidense . MacArthur estaba en Milwaukee , y después de relatar "una de las expediciones de exploración más notables de la guerra", dijo a sus hombres, "Su indomable coraje ...", luego detuvo su discurso con las palabras, "Camaradas, yo también soy débil para continuar ". Volvió a sentarse y se derrumbó, muriendo momentos después. [17]
  • The Girl in the Taxi , una opereta inglesa adaptada por Jean Gilbert de la operertta alemana Die keusche Susanne , se estrenó en el Lyric Theatre de Londres , donde tuvo 385 funciones. [18]
  • Nació:
    • John Cage , compositor estadounidense, figura destacada de la música de vanguardia en Estados Unidos , que incluye obras como 4′33 ″ , en Los Ángeles (f. 1992 )
    • Kristina Söderbaum , actriz sueco-alemana, conocida por sus papeles en películas de la era nazi , en Estocolmo (m. 2001 )
    • Frank Thomas , artista de la animación estadounidense, miembro de la Nueve Ancianos de Disney , conocido por los Walt Disney películas Blancanieves y los siete enanitos , Pinocho y Bambi , en Santa Mónica, California (m. 2004 )

6 de septiembre de 1912 (viernes) [ editar ]

Madera
Johnson
  • El levantamiento del pretendiente marroquí Ahmed al-Hiba terminó en una batalla en Sidi Bou Othmane , ya que su fuerza de 10,000 tropas fue diezmada por 5,000 tropas francesas dirigidas por el coronel Charles Mangin . Los pobres armados de las tribus marroquíes, prometidos por al-Hiba "que las balas francesas se convertirían en agua y las cáscaras francesas en sandías", atacaron a las tropas de Mangin, alineadas en cuadratura con la artillería en el centro. En dos horas, 2.000 soldados de al-Hiba murieron y miles más resultaron heridos; Las bajas francesas fueron cuatro muertos y 23 heridos. [19]
  • Los miembros del Royal Flying Corps , el capitán Patrick Hamilton y el teniente Athole Wyness Stuart, murieron en un accidente cerca de Willian, Hertfordshire, mientras volaban un monoplano Deperdussin . [20]
  • En lo que se ha descrito como "el evento deportivo más esperado y promocionado" [21] hasta ese momento, los dos mejores lanzadores de la Liga Americana , Smoky Joe Wood de los Boston Red Sox y Walter Johnson de los Washington Senators , se enfrentaron uno contra el otro ante una multitud desbordante en Fenway Park. Wood tenía una racha ganadora de 13 juegos consecutivos, mientras que Johnson había establecido un récord de 16 victorias consecutivas el mes anterior. En un duelo de lanzadores, los dos lanzaron cinco entradas en blanco cada uno, hasta que Johnson permitió una carrera para anotar en la sexta, el margen para una victoria de 1-; 0 para Wood y los Medias Rojas. Wood continuaría ganando dos juegos más para empatar, pero no romper, el récord de Johnson. [22]

7 de septiembre de 1912 (sábado) [ editar ]

  • Las tropas del ejército francés , dirigidas por el coronel Charles Mangin, rescataron a nueve civiles franceses que habían sido tomados como rehenes por el pretendiente marroquí El Hiba en Marrakech, pero El Hiba mismo escapó, preparando el escenario para una batalla final más tarde. [23]
  • El Ferrocarril Madeira-Mamoré se completó, bajo la dirección del empresario estadounidense Percival Farquhar , después de cinco años con la conducción de una púa dorada para unir la vía. [24]
  • Themistoklis Sofoulis , líder exiliado del pueblo griego en la isla de Samos , desembarcó con una fuerza de voluntarios griegos y expulsó a las tropas del Imperio Otomano allí. [25]
  • Roland Garros de Francia rompió el récord de altitud en un avión, alcanzando los 16,405 pies en Houlgate , cerca de Trouville . [26]
  • Jugando en el Chicago Golf Club en Wheaton, Illinois , Jerome Travers ganó el campeonato de golf de Estados Unidos por tercera vez. [27]
  • En la Iglesia Episcopal de Cristo en Harvard, Illinois , la señorita Dorothy Gardner estaba casada con el señor Leslie King . Poco después de que su hijo, Leslie Lynch King Jr., naciera el 14 de julio de 1913, Dorothy King dejaría a su esposo, se llevaría a su hijo con ella y solicitaría el divorcio. Se volvería a casar en 1917, rebautizando a Leslie Jr. como Gerald Ford , quien al crecer se convertiría en el 38º presidente de los Estados Unidos . [28]
  • Nacido: David Packard , cofundador (con Bill Hewlett ) de Hewlett-Packard , en Pueblo, Colorado (m. 1996 )
  • Murió: Bugs Raymond , 30, lanzador de los Detroit Tigers , St. Louis Cardinals y New York Giants , luego de una fractura de cráneo sostenida en una pelea en un bar (n. 1882 )

8 de septiembre de 1912 (domingo) [ editar ]

  • El motociclista Eddie Hasha perdió el control de su bicicleta durante una carrera en el Vailsburg Motordrome en Newark, Nueva Jersey , y se suicidó, seis espectadores y otro corredor, John Albright. Otras 17 personas de la multitud resultaron heridas. [29]
  • Cuatro espectadores murieron y casi 20 resultaron heridos cuando Pierre Biard perdió el control de su avión y se estrelló contra la multitud en un encuentro aéreo en Gray, Haute-Saône , Francia . [30]
  • La Fuerza Aérea Argentina se estableció como una escuela de vuelo militar en El Palomar, Buenos Aires . [31]
  • Nacido: Alexander Mackendrick , director de cine estadounidense-escocés, conocido por las películas The Ladykillers y Sweet Smell of Success , en Boston (f. 1993 )

9 de septiembre de 1912 (lunes) [ editar ]

  • Marko Trifković dimitió como Primer Ministro de Serbia , junto con su gabinete. [10]
  • En Atenas , las manifestaciones masivas exigieron la liberación de todos los griegos del dominio otomano . [1]
  • Sleety Mae Crow, an 18-year old white woman in Forsyth County, Georgia, was raped and murdered. Suspicions fell to 16-year black teen Ernest Knox, who allegedly confessed under suspected torture following his arrest. Three other black young men associated with him and arrested. A lynch mob stormed the county jail where one of the prisoners was killed, but Knox had already been moved for safety. [32]
  • Flying a Deperdussin Monocoque monoplane, Jules Védrines won his fourth Gordon Bennett Trophy race at a speed of 169.7 km/h (105.4 mph).[33]
  • A new comet was discovered by Australian astronomer Walter Frederick Gale.[10]
  • Screen legend siblings Lillian and Dorothy Gish made their screen debut together in the film short An Unseen Enemy, beginning their successful collaboration with filmmaker D. W. Griffith.[34]

September 10, 1912 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • A bomb explosion at a market at the Macedonian town of Doiran, near Salonika, killed 20 and injured 30.[35]
  • Royal Flying Corps officers Claude Bettington and Edward Hotchkiss were killed when the Britsol monoplane they were flying over Wolvercote, Oxfordshire, England crashed after one of the bracing writes to the wings detached. The crash resulted in all monoplanes being grounded for five months.[36]
  • The Bank in Winterthur and Toggenburger Bank merged to form the Union Bank of Switzerland in Zürich.[37]
  • Nippon Katsudō (Activity) Film Production was founded in Kyoto, as predecessor of the filmmaking and operating company Nikkatsu.[38]
  • The drama The Governor's Lady by Alice Bradley opened at the Republic Theatre in New York City and ran for 135 performances.[39]

September 11, 1912 (Wednesday)[edit]

  • Italian Army Captain Riccardo Moizo became the first pilot to become a prisoner of war after his Nieuport airplane was forced to land at Azizia in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War.[40]
  • Etta Duryea Johnson, 31, white wife of African-American boxing champion Jack Johnson died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.[41][42]
  • The crime play Within the Law, by Bayard Veiller, premiered at Empire Theatre on Broadway, New York City. The production was a hit and ran for 541 performances and adapted to film five times.[43]
  • Born: Robin Jenkins, Scottish writer, author of The Cone Gatherers, in Cambuslang, Scotland (d. 2005)

September 12, 1912 (Thursday)[edit]

Raymond Poincaré
  • After French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré signed an agreement in Moscow with the Russian Empire, Russia ratified the Franco-Russian Convention, providing that if the German Empire mobilized its troops, France and Russia would do the same.[44]
  • Born: Feroze Gandhi, Indian journalist and activist, publisher of the National Herald and Navjivan, husband of Indira Gandhi and father of Rajiv Gandhi who both served as Prime Minister of India after his death, and son-in-law of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, in Bombay (d. 1960)

September 13, 1912 (Friday)[edit]

  • The government of Santo Domingo (now the Dominican Republic) was threatened by revolution, prompting the United States to send aid.[10]
  • The funeral of the Emperor Meiji was held at Tokyo, after which the body was taken on its journey to Motoyama, Japan.[45] Following the Emperor's funeral, former General Nogi Maresuke, 62, committed ritual suicide with his 52-year old wife Nogi Shizuku. Maresuke had requested Emperor Meiji twice when he was alive for the monarch's permission to allow him to commit suicide and restore honor to his family after he lost too many men in the Battle of Port Arthur that opened the Russo-Japanese War.[46]
  • Born: Reta Shaw, American actress, best known for her supporting role in the 1960s supernatural television series The Ghost & Mrs. Muir, in South Paris, Maine (d. 1982)
  • Died: Joseph Furphy, Australian writer, author of novels Such Is Life and Rigby's Romance (b. 1843)

September 14, 1912 (Saturday)[edit]

  • Montenegro entered into an alliance with Serbia.[47]
  • Groundbreaking was held for the Trans-Australian Railway, with Governor-General Lord Denman turning the first spade of earth at Port Augusta, South Australia.[10] The railroad, which stretches to Kalgoorlie, Western Australia would be completed on October 17, 1917.[48]
  • Rioting at a soccer football match at Belfast injured 100 people.[49]
  • Cattle baron John Beal Sneed shot and killed Albert Boyce, Jr. in Amarillo, Texas on suspicion he orchestrated the murder of Sneed's father back in Georgetown, Texas, before surrendering to authorities. Sneed had shot Boyce's father dead in Fort Worth, Texas at the start over year over an affair between Boyce and Sneed's wife Lenora. Despite authorities concerned the bloody feud, which by now has claimed seven lives, would yield more violence, potential combatants dispersed within the town. Sneed was able to successfully defend both murders as justifiable and was acquitted for a second time.[50][51]
  • American pilot Howard W. Gill died from injuries sustained from a crash when he struck another plane taking off just as he was going in for a landing at Cicero Field in Chicago.[52]

September 15, 1912 (Sunday)[edit]

  • In fighting between French forces and Moorish tribesmen at Sidi Kacem in Morocco, nine French soldiers were killed and 30 wounded.[10]
  • Ten recruits and a gunner's mate at the United States Navy training school at Chicago were drowned in the capsizing of a launch at Lake Michigan.[53]
  • John Flammang Schrank, a bartender from New York City, began working on his plan to assassinate former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, after having a dream that the late U.S. President William McKinley had pointed to Roosevelt and said, "This is my murderer, avenge my death." Schrank would catch up with Roosevelt, who was campaigning for a new term as President, on October 14.[54]
  • On the 91st anniversary of its independence, El Salvador adopted the flag that it uses today, restoring the blue and white tricolor flag that it had abandoned in 1865.[55]

September 16, 1912 (Monday)[edit]

  • A typhoon, with winds of more than 200 miles per hour, struck the city of Taito on the Japanese-controlled island of Formosa (now Taitung City of Taiwan). The winds killed 107 people, injured 293, and destroyed 91,400 houses. In addition, the storm sank the city's fishing boats and ruined the rice and sugar crops.[56]
  • Liang Ju-hao became the new Foreign Minister of China.[10][57] The initial dispatch from foreign correspondent mistakenly stated that "the new Minister is unable to read the Chinese language, though he is well educated from the Western point of view", which would cause the Times of London to run a correction on November 15.[58]
  • The musical The Count of Luxembourg made Broadway debut at the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York City for a run of 120 performances.[59]
  • The opera Zingari by Ruggero Leoncavallo premiered at the Hippodrome in London.[60]
  • Born: Don A. Jones, American army officer, last director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and first director of the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps, in Waldron, Michigan (d. 2000)

September 17, 1912 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • In a battle at Derna in modern-day Libya, 1,000 Turks and Arabs were killed, and 61 Italian forces died.[61]
  • Fifteen people were burned to death and 14 injured when a train caught fire at the Ditton railway station in Ditton, Cheshire, England.[10][62]
  • Starting at midnight, the Kingdom of Greece began drafting its adult male citizens into the Army and Navy in preparation for war.[63]
  • French aviator Georges Legagneux broke the altitude record, reaching 18,767 feet over Houlgate, France.[64]

September 18, 1912 (Wednesday)[edit]

  • Representatives of the four-nation banking consortium informed China's finance minister Zhou Xuexi, that the railway loan was subject to four conditions, including repayment through a new tax on salt, bank consortium approval of any financial reforms, and appointment of technicians from the four nations.[65]

September 19, 1912 (Thursday)[edit]

new version
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  • A force of 400 U.S. Marines under command of Smedley Butler defeated a Nicaraguan cavalry of 150 men under command of Benjamín Zeledón at Masaya, Nicaragua.[66]
  • The current Coat of arms of Australia was formally approved, after Prime Minister Andrew Fisher made various changes to the 1908 version.[67]
  • The Glamorgan County Hall opened in Cardiff.[68]

September 20, 1912 (Friday)[edit]

  • Sir Muirhead Collins, the Secretary of the Australian Department of Defence, approved a recommendation from the Army Chief of General Staff to create the Australian Flying Corps, beginning with the purchase of five aircraft and the hiring of two flight instructors.[69]
  • Salar-ed-Dowleh, pretender to the throne of Persia (now Iran) and uncle of the reigning Shah, captured the western city of Kermanshah, Persia.[10]
  • The "first transcontinental truck delivery" in the United States was completed when truck manufacturer ALCO (the American Locomotive Company) completed the transportation of three tons of Parrot Soap, specifically its olive silk variety. Delivery was made to the San Francisco City Hall, 91 days after an ALCO truck had started from Philadelphia.[70]
  • Association football club Regatas Brasil was established in Maceió, Brazil.[71]
  • Born: Frank Zeidler, American politician, member of the Socialist Party of America, 35th Mayor of Milwaukee, serving 1948 to 1960, in Milwaukee (d. 2006)

September 21, 1912 (Saturday)[edit]

  • The first airport was established in Norway at Kjeller.[72]
  • Harry Houdini gave the first public performance of his latest death-defying act, the escape from the Chinese Water Torture Cell. The trick, never done before by anyone, required Houdini to get out of a locked steel and glass tank of water while hanging upside-down. Houdini accomplished the stunt before an audience at the Circus Busch in Berlin.[73]
  • The first six-point touchdowns were scored in Carlisle Indian School's 50-7 win over Albright College, and Rhode Island's 7-0 defeat of Massachusetts Agricultural (now University of Massachusetts Amherst). Previously, touchdowns had been worth five points.[74]
  • English stage producer and actor Harley Granville-Barker's premiered a modern reworking of The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare at the Savoy Theatre in London, with simplified scenery, ensemble acting and an emphasis of delivering the play's verses more naturalistically.[75][76]
  • Zane Grey, the well-known Western novelist, co-founded the "Porpoise Club" with his friend Robert H. Davis of Munsey's Magazine, to popularize the sport of hunting of dolphins and porpoises. Their first catch off of Sea Bright, New Jersey, where they harpooned and then reeled in a bottlenose dolphin.[77][78]
  • Born:
    • Ted Daffan, American country musician, known for country hits including "Truck Drivers' Blues", in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana (d. 1996)
    • Chuck Jones, American animated filmmaker, best known for his work with Warner Bros. Cartoons and popularizing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, Pepé Le Pew and Porky Pig, founder of Sib Tower 12 Productions which produced Tom and Jerry and How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, and Horton Hears a Who!, in Spokane, Washington (d. 2002)

September 22, 1912 (Sunday)[edit]

Edwin H. Armstrong
  • Greece and Bulgaria strengthened their defense alliance, signed in May, with details for conditions and procedures for mobilization of their armed forces.[79]
  • Edwin Howard Armstrong, a 21-year-old electrical engineering student at Columbia University, made the first successful test of his invention, the regenerative circuit, amplifying faint radio signals to normal levels by repeatedly feeding current through the relatively new Audion grid. The regenerative circuit revolutionized the reception of radio waves, and, with in a few months, was used to improve radio transmission.[80]
  • The Friedenskirche Church was inaugurated in Johannesburg.[81]
  • Born:
    • Martha Scott, American actor, known for her film roles in Our Town, The Ten Commandments, and Ben-Hur, in Jamesport, Missouri (d. 2003)
    • Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr., American horse racing magnate, son of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt in London (d. 1999)

September 23, 1912 (Monday)[edit]

  • U.S. President William Howard Taft issued an executive order barring foreign ships, whether commercial or military, ships from the waters of Hawaii's Pearl Harbor, Cuba's Guantánamo Bay, and the Philippines' Subic Bay. The entire island of Guam was ordered completely off limits, effectively cutting its civilian population off from the outside world, with restrictions remaining in place until the 1950s.[82]
  • Born: Tony Smith, American sculptor, known for his minimalist works including Light Up and The Fourth Sign, in South Orange, New Jersey (d. 1980)

September 24, 1912 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • The Ottoman Empire mobilized its European forces, with 175,000 in the Western Army at Macedonia and 115,000 in the Eastern Army at Thrace.[83]
  • A group of 750 U.S. Marines was dispatched to the Dominican Republic to protect American interests.[84] The U.S. intervention led to a temporary halt in the civil war that had begun after the assassination of President Ramón Cáceres in November 1911.[85]
  • Born: Robert Lewis Taylor, American writer, author of The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, in Carbondale, Illinois (d. 1998)
  • Died: Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein, 69, German diplomat, former Foreign Minister of Germany (b. 1842)

September 25, 1912 (Wednesday)[edit]

  • In Nicaragua, General Luis Mena and 700 rebels surrendered when confronted by a 2,700 member force of U.S. Marines and U.S. Navy Bluejackets.[86]
  • British and French cruisers landed marines to protect foreigners on the island of Samos.[10]
  • The first radio transmissions from Antarctica were made, as a station on Macquarie Island was set up by five men from the Australasian Antarctic Expedition.[87]
  • The cornerstone of the new Students' Building was laid at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.[88]

September 26, 1912 (Thursday)[edit]

  • Aviation pioneer Charles Voisin died and Raymonde de Laroche suffered serious injuries in an automobile accident near Lyon, France.[89]
  • The Australian Inland Mission was created by decision of the members of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Australia. Organized by Presbyterian minister John Flynn, the A.I.M. sought to bring the Christian faith into Australia's outback, and to fulfill a secondary mission of insuring that "hospital and nursing facilities are provided within a hundred miles of every spot in Australia where women and children reside".[90]
  • The Elks of Canada fraternal organization, a counterpart to the American club, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, was founded in Canada. Currently the organization describes themselves: "The Elks of Canada is the largest, all-Canadian, fraternal organization in Canada with nearly 14,000 members in over 250 locations throughout the country."[91]
  • Born: Preston Cloud, American paleontologist, best known for developing the geologic time scale and research into the Cambrian explosion, in Upton, Massachusetts (d. 1991)

September 27, 1912 (Friday)[edit]

  • Leslie King began abuse of his new bride, Dorothy King, while the couple were on their honeymoon at the Multnomah Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The incident was the first of many recited in Mrs. King's divorce petition, found by historians later, after the couple's child had grown up to become U.S. President Gerald Ford.[92]

September 28, 1912 (Saturday)[edit]

Ulster Covenant
  • Japanese steamship Kiche Maru sank in a typhoon off Japan with over 1,000 dead. While casualties were second to the Titanic sinking in April, it was overshadowed as hundreds of other ships were lost during the storm.[93]
  • Signing of the Ulster Covenant, a protest by adult citizens of the province in northern Ireland against a proposal to give Ireland self-government apart from the United Kingdom, was completed. Over a period of six days, beginning on September 23, the Covenant was signed by 237,368 men, while a companion document, the Ulster Declaration, was signed by 234,046 women,[94] virtually the entire adult Protestant population of Ulster.[95]
  • In protest over the National Insurance Act, a majority of British doctors resigned their contracts with medical clubs.[10]
  • The French dreadnought Paris, with twelve 12-inch guns and 26 smaller cannons and described as "the most formidable ship in the French Navy", was launched at Touloun, France.[96]
  • At Seoul, 106 Koreans were sentenced on charges of conspiracy against Count Terauchi, with terms of 5 to 10 years. The most prominent of the convicts, former Korean cabinet minister Baron Yun Chi Ho, got a ten-year sentence. Nine other prisoners were released.[97]
  • Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army became the first enlisted service member to lose his life in an airplane accident. He and Lt. Lewis C. Rockwell perished in the crash of a Wright aircraft at College Park, Maryland.[98]
  • The Essendon Bombers defeated the South Melbourne Swans 5.17 (47) to 4.9 (33) in the 15th Victoria Football League Grand Final in Melbourne.[99]
  • American ragtime composer W. C. Handy self-published "The Memphis Blues" as an instrumental. Lyrics were later added when it was sold to George "Honey Boy" Evans as a minstrel piece.[100]

September 29, 1912 (Sunday)[edit]

  • The first airplane flight in Venezuela was made by Frank Boland, who circled Caracas for 27 minutes in a plane made of bamboo.
  • French and British marines captured the city of Vathy on the island of Samos.[10]
  • The first IAAF world record for the javelin throw was set by Eric Lemming of Sweden, at 62.32 meters (204.46 feet).[101]
  • Born: Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director, known for films including L'Avventura and Blowup, in Ferrara, Italy (d. 2007)

September 30, 1912 (Monday)[edit]

September 30, 1912: Columbia School of Journalism opens
  • Six British explorers, who had been left stranded in Antarctica by the Terra Nova Expedition, were able to leave the ice cave where they had stayed for seven months during a harsh winter. The men—Commander Victor Campbell, Dr. Murray Levick, Raymond Priestly, George Abbott, Frank Browning and Seaman Harry Dickason—still had to walk 200 miles to Cape Evans before their ordeal would be over.[102]
  • The prestigious Columbia School of Journalism, provided for by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, opened at Columbia University, with a class of 79 students.[103]
  • Aircraft designer Igor Sikorsky won the international military competition at Petrograd flying the Sikorsky prototype.[104]
  • The musical Oh! Oh! Delphine by C. M. S. McLellan and Ivan Caryll opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre in New York City and ran for 258 performances.[105]

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