Un Twenty20 International ( T20I ) es una forma de cricket , jugado entre dos de los miembros internacionales del International Cricket Council (ICC), en el que cada equipo se enfrenta a un máximo de veinte overs . Los partidos tienen un estatus de primera clase y son el estándar T20 más alto. El juego se juega bajo las reglas del cricket Twenty20 . A partir del inicio del formato en 2005, el estado T20I solo se aplicaba a los miembros de pleno derecho y algunos equipos de miembros asociados . Sin embargo, en abril de 2018, la CPI anunció que otorgaría el estatus T20I a todos sus 105 miembros a partir del 1 de enero de 2019.
El formato abreviado se introdujo inicialmente para reforzar las multitudes para el juego nacional, y no estaba destinado a jugarse internacionalmente, pero el primer Twenty20 International tuvo lugar el 17 de febrero de 2005 cuando Australia derrotó a Nueva Zelanda , y el primer torneo se jugó dos años después. con la introducción de la Copa del Mundo ICC T20 . En 2016, por primera vez en un año calendario, se jugaron más partidos Twenty20 International (100) que partidos ODI (99). [1] A partir del 3 de mayo de 2019, 80 naciones figuran en la clasificación de equipos ICC T20I. [2] [3]
El formato Twenty20 International también ve un powerplay obligatorio tomado en los primeros seis overs. Este formato más corto del juego hace que alcanzar los hitos tradicionales de anotar un siglo o tomar cinco terrenos en una entrada sea más difícil, y pocos jugadores los han logrado. El puntaje individual más alto en un Twenty20 International es 172, obtenido por Aaron Finch de Australia contra Zimbabwe en 2018, mientras que Deepak Chahar de India tiene las mejores cifras de bolos de 6/7 contra Bangladesh en noviembre de 2019.
Orígenes
El cricket en sí probablemente se jugó por primera vez en Inglaterra a finales de la Edad Media , pero no saltó a la fama hasta el siglo XVIII. En 1744 se redactó un conjunto de leyes y el juego alcanzó un nivel de estandarización relativa a finales del siglo XIX. [4] El cricket de un día se probó en 1962, y el primer torneo nacional se jugó al año siguiente, [5] y en 1971, Inglaterra y Australia disputaron el primer One Day International . El partido consistió en una entrada para cada lado, con 40 overs de ocho bolas . [6]
En la década de 1990, varios países estaban explorando la posibilidad de un juego más corto aún: en Nueva Zelanda, Martin Crowe desarrolló Cricket Max , en el que cada equipo batea para 10 pases de ocho bolas, [7] mientras que en Australia consideraban un ocho -Un concurso paralelo al que llamaron "Super 8s". Al mismo tiempo, la Junta de Críquet de Inglaterra y Gales (ECB) realizó una investigación de los consumidores y propuso la idea de un concurso de 20 overs por lado, que duraría unas tres horas. [8] El primer partido se jugó en 2003 entre Hampshire y Sussex . [ cita requerida ]
Historia
El primer partido de Twenty20 International entre dos equipos masculinos se jugó el 17 de febrero de 2005, en el que participaron Australia y Nueva Zelanda . Wisden Cricketers 'Almanack informó que "ninguno de los bandos se tomó el juego especialmente en serio", [9] y ESPNcricinfo señaló que, de no haber sido por una gran puntuación para Ricky Ponting , "el concepto se habría estremecido". [10] Sin embargo, el propio Ponting dijo que "si se convierte en un juego internacional, estoy seguro de que la novedad no estará ahí todo el tiempo". [11]
Ese año se jugaron dos partidos más; Inglaterra venció a Australia en junio y Sudáfrica fue derrotada por Nueva Zelanda en octubre. [12] A principios del año siguiente, una competencia entre Nueva Zelanda y las Indias Occidentales terminó como el primer partido empatado , y se jugó un desempate por primera vez en el cricket internacional masculino: las dos partes participaron en un juego de bolos para determinar un ganador; Nueva Zelanda ganó 3-0. [13]
El juego se había desarrollado inicialmente para aumentar el interés en el cricket nacional, y para ayudar a esto, a los equipos internacionales solo se les permitió albergar tres T20I cada año. El gerente de cricket del ICC, David Richardson , también comentó que "Parte del éxito del cricket Twenty20 es asegurarse de que pueda coexistir con el cricket Test y los one-dayers". [14] A pesar de esto, el primer torneo internacional se celebró en 2007 en Sudáfrica; el ICC World Twenty20 de 2007 . [14] Ese torneo fue ganado por India , que derrotó a sus rivales cercanos Pakistán en la final. Al escribir para The Guardian , Dilip Premachandran sugirió que el éxito de la competencia significó que "el formato llegó para quedarse". [15] El próximo torneo estaba programado para 2009, y se decidió que se llevaría a cabo cada dos años (con más frecuencia que la Copa Mundial de Cricket 50 over , que se realiza una vez cada cuatro años). [16] En el partido inaugural del World Twenty20 2007, Chris Gayle anotó el primer siglo con un T20I , el logro se alcanzó en el vigésimo partido del formato. [17]
El partido número 500 T20I fue disputada entre Irlanda y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos en el Estadio Sheikh Zayed , Abu Dhabi el 16 de febrero de 2016. [18]
ICC decidió utilizar el Sistema de Revisión de Decisiones de Árbitros (DRS) en Twenty20 Internacionales desde finales de septiembre de 2017, [19] [20] con su primer uso en la serie India-Australia T20I en octubre de 2017. [21]
Rankings internacionales actuales
Clasificación por equipos ICC T20I masculino | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rango | Equipo | Partidos | Puntos | Clasificación |
1 | Inglaterra | 22 | 6.088 | 277 |
2 | India | 25 | 6.811 | 272 |
3 | Nueva Zelanda | 23 | 6.048 | 263 |
4 | Pakistán | 30 | 7.818 | 261 |
5 | Australia | 23 | 5.930 | 258 |
6 | Sudáfrica | 19 | 4.703 | 248 |
7 | Afganistán | 12 | 2.826 | 236 |
8 | Sri Lanka | 13 | 2,957 | 227 |
9 | Bangladesh | 13 | 2,921 | 225 |
10 | Indias occidentales | 18 | 3.992 | 222 |
11 | Zimbabue | 19 | 3.628 | 191 |
12 | Irlanda | 18 | 3.388 | 188 |
13 | Nepal | 19 | 3,556 | 187 |
14 | Escocia | 11 | 2.035 | 185 |
15 | Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 11 | 2.023 | 184 |
dieciséis | Papúa Nueva Guinea | 14 | 2.501 | 179 |
17 | Países Bajos | 20 | 3,504 | 175 |
18 | Omán | 10 | 1,732 | 173 |
19 | Namibia | 14 | 2.204 | 157 |
20 | Singapur | 12 | 1,678 | 140 |
21 | Katar | 11 | 1.422 | 129 |
22 | Canadá | 10 | 1,263 | 126 |
23 | Hong Kong | 13 | 1,572 | 121 |
24 | Jersey | 13 | 1,481 | 114 |
25 | Kenia | 8 | 894 | 112 |
26 | Italia | 6 | 663 | 111 |
27 | Kuwait | 8 | 866 | 108 |
28 | Arabia Saudita | 4 | 428 | 107 |
29 | Dinamarca | 6 | 606 | 101 |
30 | islas Bermudas | 6 | 568 | 95 |
31 | Malasia | 20 | 1,723 | 86 |
32 | Uganda | 10 | 847 | 85 |
33 | Alemania | 9 | 759 | 84 |
34 | Estados Unidos | 8 | 644 | 81 |
35 | Botswana | 10 | 786 | 79 |
36 | Nigeria | 5 | 375 | 75 |
37 | Guernsey | 9 | 645 | 72 |
38 | Noruega | 5 | 355 | 71 |
39 | Austria | 10 | 639 | 64 |
40 | España | 8 | 457 | 57 |
41 | Bahréin | 4 | 227 | 57 |
42 | Rumania | 8 | 453 | 57 |
43 | Bélgica | 9 | 502 | 56 |
44 | Tanzania | 3 | 167 | 56 |
45 | Filipinas | 5 | 241 | 48 |
46 | México | 7 | 313 | 45 |
47 | Islas Caimán | 3 | 132 | 44 |
48 | Vanuatu | 10 | 435 | 44 |
49 | Belice | 5 | 209 | 42 |
50 | Argentina | 5 | 206 | 41 |
51 | Perú | 5 | 179 | 36 |
52 | Fiyi | 3 | 105 | 35 |
53 | Malawi | 9 | 312 | 35 |
54 | Panama | 5 | 162 | 32 |
55 | Samoa | 5 | 159 | 32 |
56 | Costa Rica | 4 | 126 | 32 |
57 | Japan | 4 | 126 | 32 |
58 | Malta | 7 | 214 | 31 |
59 | Luxembourg | 12 | 358 | 30 |
60 | Thailand | 7 | 175 | 25 |
61 | Portugal | 5 | 119 | 24 |
62 | Czech Republic | 16 | 356 | 22 |
63 | Finland | 5 | 106 | 21 |
64 | South Korea | 4 | 78 | 20 |
65 | Mozambique | 9 | 175 | 19 |
66 | Isle of Man | 4 | 77 | 19 |
67 | Bulgaria | 9 | 159 | 18 |
68 | Bhutan | 4 | 47 | 12 |
69 | Maldives | 7 | 65 | 9 |
70 | Saint Helena | 6 | 55 | 9 |
71 | Brazil | 5 | 39 | 8 |
72 | Chile | 5 | 19 | 4 |
73 | Gibraltar | 5 | 13 | 3 |
74 | Myanmar | 3 | 1 | 0 |
75 | China | 4 | 0 | 0 |
76 | Turkey | 3 | 0 | 0 |
77 | Eswatini | 3 | 0 | 0 |
78 | Rwanda | 3 | 0 | 0 |
79 | Lesotho | 3 | 0 | 0 |
80 | Indonesia | 3 | 0 | 0 |
References: ICC T20I rankings, ESPNcricinfo, Updated on 24 May 2021 | ||||
"Matches" is the number of matches played in the 12-24 months since the May before last, plus half the number in the 24 months before that. |
Equipos con estado T20I
Permanent T20I status
Prior to 2019, permanent T20I status was limited to the Test-playing nations (the full members of the ICC), which included 12 teams after the promotion of Afghanistan and Ireland to full member status in 2017. In April 2018, the ICC announced that it would grant T20I status to all of its 105 members from 1 January 2019.[22][2][23] Nations that have played T20I cricket are listed below, with the date of their first T20I after gaining permanent T20I status shown in brackets (some of these nations had previously played T20Is with Temporary status):
- New Zealand (17 February 2005)
- Australia (17 February 2005)
- England (13 June 2005)
- South Africa (21 October 2005)
- West Indies (16 February 2006)
- Sri Lanka (15 June 2006)
- Pakistan (28 August 2006)
- Bangladesh (28 November 2006)
- Zimbabwe (28 November 2006)
- India (1 December 2006)
- Afghanistan (5 February 2018)
- Ireland (12 June 2018)
- Bahrain (20 January 2019)
- Saudi Arabia (20 January 2019)
- Kuwait (20 January 2019)
- Maldives (20 January 2019)
- Qatar (21 January 2019)
- Nepal (31 January 2019)
- United Arab Emirates (31 January 2019)
- Netherlands (13 February 2019)
- Scotland (13 February 2019)
- Oman (13 February 2019)
- United States (15 March 2019)
- Papua New Guinea (22 March 2019)
- Philippines (22 March 2019)
- Vanuatu (22 March 2019)
- Malta (29 March 2019)
- Spain (29 March 2019)
- Belize (25 April 2019)
- Mexico (25 April 2019)
- Costa Rica (25 April 2019)
- Panama (25 April 2019)
- Belgium (11 May 2019)
- Germany (11 May 2019)
- Kenya (20 May 2019)
- Nigeria (20 May 2019)
- Ghana (20 May 2019)
- Namibia (20 May 2019)
- Botswana (20 May 2019)
- Uganda (20 May 2019)
- Italy (25 May 2019)
- Guernsey (31 May 2019)
- Jersey (31 May 2019)
- Norway (15 June 2019)
- Denmark (16 June 2019)
- Malaysia (24 June 2019)
- Thailand (24 June 2019)
- Samoa (8 July 2019)
- Finland (13 July 2019)
- Singapore (22 July 2019)
- Bermuda (18 August 2019)
- Canada (18 August 2019)
- Cayman Islands (18 August 2019)
- Austria (29 August 2019)
- Romania (29 August 2019)
- Luxembourg (29 August 2019)
- Turkey (29 August 2019)
- Czech Republic (30 August 2019)
- Argentina (3 October 2019)
- Brazil (3 October 2019)
- Chile (3 October 2019)
- Peru (3 October 2019)
- Hong Kong (5 October 2019)
- Bulgaria (14 October 2019)
- Serbia (14 October 2019)
- Greece (15 October 2019)
- Portugal (25 October 2019)
- Gibraltar (26 October 2019)
- Malawi (6 November 2019)
- Mozambique (6 November 2019)
- Bhutan (5 December 2019)
- Iran (23 February 2020)
- Isle of Man (21 August 2020)
Temporary T20I status
Between 2005 and 2018, the ICC granted temporary ODI and T20I status to a selection of other teams (known as Associate members). Teams earned this temporary status for a period of four years based on their performance in the quadrennial ICC World Cricket League – or, more specifically, based on the top six finishing positions at the ICC World Cup Qualifier, which is the final event of the World Cricket League.[24] Teams could also earn this status by qualifying for the ICC T20 World Cup.
Twelve nations held this temporary T20I status before being promoted to T20I status or relegated after underperforming at the World Cup Qualifier or World Twenty20 Qualifier:
- Kenya (from 1 September 2007, until 30 January 2014)
- Scotland (from 12 September 2007, until 20 June 2018)
- Ireland (from 2 August 2008, until 12 March 2017)
- Netherlands (from 2 August 2008, until 29 July 2018)
- Canada (from 2 August 2008, until 28 January 2014)
- Bermuda (from 3 August 2008, until 8 April 2009)
- Afghanistan (from 1 February 2010, until 5 June 2017)
- Nepal (from 16 March 2014, until 29 July 2018)
- Hong Kong (from 16 March 2014, until 18 January 2017)
- United Arab Emirates (from 17 March 2014, until 22 October 2018)
- Papua New Guinea (from 13 July 2015, until 17 March 2018)
- Oman (from 25 July 2015, until 19 January 2017)
The ICC has also given special T20I status to the ICC World XI team for:
- The 2017 Independence Cup, a three match series versus Pakistan national team to help revive international cricket in Pakistan.[25]
- The Hurricane Relief T20 Challenge, a one-off match against West Indies on 31 May 2018, to raise funds for stadiums damaged by Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria in September 2017.[26]
Cricket en eventos multideportivos internacionales
Cricket was played as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics, when England and France contested a two-day match.[27] In 1998, cricket was played as part of the Commonwealth Games, on this occasion in the 50-over format. There was some talk about Twenty20 cricket being part of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which were held in Delhi, but at the time the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), were not in favour of the short format of the game, and it was not included.[28]
Cricket was played in 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China[29] and 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea.[30] India skipped both times.[31] There was further calls for subsequent Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games. The Commonwealth Games Federation asked the ICC to participate in the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, but the ICC turned down the invitation.[32] In 2010, the International Olympic Committee recognised the International Cricket Council as a governing body that complied to the requirements of the Olympic charter which in turn meant that cricket could apply to be included in the Olympic Games,[33] but in 2013 the ICC announced that it had no intentions to make such an application, primarily due to opposition from the BCCI. ESPNcricinfo suggested that the opposition might be based on the possible loss of income.[citation needed] In April 2016, ICC chief executive David Richardson said that Twenty20 cricket can have a chance of getting in for the 2024 Summer Games, but there must be collective support shown by the ICC's membership base, in particular from BCCI, in order for there to be a chance of inclusion.[34]
Estadísticas
The highest team total in a T20I was made by Afghanistan versus Ireland when they scored 278/3.[35][36] The lowest total was recorded in 2019, when Czech Republic bowled out the Turkey for just 21 runs.[37] The highest successful chase was made in February 2018, when Australia scored 245 runs to overhaul New Zealand's target and win the match.[38]
As of 26 September 2020,[update] Virat Kohli has scored the most runs in the format with 2,794.[39] Aaron Finch has made the highest individual score in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018.[40] Sri Lankan bowler Lasith Malinga holds the records for the most wickets, having taken 107 wickets in 84 matches,[41] whilst India's Deepak Chahar recorded the best bowling figures when he took 6 wickets for 7 runs against Bangladesh in November 2019.[42]
Ver también
- List of International Cricket Council members
- Women's Twenty20 International
Referencias
- ^ "More results, more Rohit Sharma 2452 runs, and more T20Is than ODIs". ESPNcricinfo. 3 January 2017.
- ^ a b "T20s between all ICC members to have international status". ESPNcricinfo. 26 April 2018.
- ^ "ICC Ranking for T20 teams International Cricket Council". www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ^ Birley, Derek (2003) [1999]. A Social History of English Cricket. Aurum Press. pp. 3–107. ISBN 1-85410-941-3.
- ^ Williamson, Martin (9 April 2011). "The low-key birth of one-day cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ Williamson, Martin (22 June 2010). "The birth of the one-day international". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Cricket Max – The Game Invented By Martin Crowe". ESPNcricinfo. 2 February 1996. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "History of Twenty20 cricket". England and Wales Cricket Board. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ Ramsay, Andrew (2006). "New Zealand v Australia". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ English, Peter (18 February 2005). "Saved by Private Ricky". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "South Africa's Superman". ESPNcricinfo. 17 May 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ "Records / 2005 / Twenty20 Internationals / Match results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "WI beat NZ in historical tiebreaker". International Cricket Council. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Is twenty plenty?". ESPNcricinfo. 24 March 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ Premachandran, Dileep (26 September 2007). "Great win, but easy on the chest-thumping". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Global Tournaments". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ Gopalakrishna, HR; Vaghese, Mathew (11 September 2007). "Gayle and Gibbs run riot". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "(500) games of T20I cricket". cricket.com.au. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- ^ "Uniform DRS likely from October". ESPNcricinfo. 6 February 2017.
- ^ "ICC takes a huge decision which may slow down T20s". DNA India. 4 February 2017.
- ^ "Australia denied advantage of new rules". ESPNcricinfo. 8 October 2017.
- ^ "All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ "T20s between all ICC members to have international status". ESPNcricinfo. 27 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "Nepal, Netherlands get T20 international status". ESPNcricinfo. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ^ "ICC confirms plans for World XI tour to Pakistan for three-game T20 series in September". Firstpost. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ "West Indies, Rest of the World XI to play fundraising T20I". ESPNcricinfo. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Buchanan, Ian (1993). Mallon, Bill (ed.). "Cricket at the 1900 Games" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. International Society of Olympic Historians. 1 (2): 4.
- ^ "Cricket unlikely at 2010 Games". ESPNcricinfo. 23 January 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition". ESPNcricinfo.
- ^ "Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition". ESPNcricinfo.
- ^ "India to skip Asian Games again". ESPNcricinfo. 1 August 2014.
- ^ "ICC rejects 2018 offer, cricket stays out of Commonwealth Games". Reuters. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Cricket gets Olympic approval". ESPNcricinfo. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "ICC's Richardson wants more teams in World T20". ESPNcricinfo. 3 April 2016.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Highest innings totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Largest margin of victory (by runs)". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Lowest innings totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Statistics / Statsguru / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Bowling records / Most wickets in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Bowling records / Best figures in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2020.