Esta página es una lista progresiva y etiquetada de los órdenes de magnitud del área SI , con ciertos ejemplos adjuntos a algunos objetos de la lista.
10 - 70 a 10 - 9 metros cuadrados
Factor (m 2 ) | Múltiple | Valor | Artículo |
---|---|---|---|
10 - 70 | 2,6 × 10 - 70 m 2 | Área de Planck ,[1] | |
10 - 52 | 10 - 52 m 2 | 1 cobertizo [2] | |
10 - 48 | 1 yoctómetro cuadrado (ym 2 ) | 1 año 2 | |
10 - 43 | 100.000 años 2 | 1 femtobarn [3] | |
10 −42 | 1 zeptómetro cuadrado (zm 2 ) | 1 zm 2 | |
10 −36 | 1 attometre cuadrado (am 2 ) | 1 am 2 | |
10 −30 | 1 femtómetro cuadrado (fm 2 ) | 1 fm 2 | |
10 −29 | 66.52 fm 2 | Sección transversal de Thomson del electrón [4] | |
10 −28 | 100 fm 2 | 1 granero , aproximadamente el área de la sección transversal de un núcleo de uranio [5] | |
10 -24 | 1 picómetro cuadrado (pm 2 ) | 1 pm 2 | |
10 −20 | 1 angstrom cuadrado (Å 2 ) | 10,000 pm 2 | |
10 -19 | 100.000 pm 2 | Área de una bicapa lipídica , por molécula [6] | |
75.000–260.000 pm 2 | Superficie de los 20 aminoácidos estándar [7] | ||
10 −18 | 1 nanómetro cuadrado (nm 2 ) | 1 nm 2 | |
10 −16 | 100 millas náuticas 2 | Proteínas globulares : área de superficie accesible al solvente de una proteína globular típica, que tiene una masa molecular típica de ~ 35000 u (bastante variable) [8] | |
10 −14 | 17.000 millas náuticas 2 | Área de sección transversal de un complejo de poros nucleares en vertebrados [9] | |
10 -12 | 1 micrómetro cuadrado (μm 2 ) | 6 μm 2 | Área de superficie de una bacteria E. coli [10] |
10 −10 | 100 μm 2 | Área de superficie de un glóbulo rojo [11] | |
10 −9 | 6.000-110.000 μm 2 | Rango de tamaños de píxeles de pantalla LCD comunes [12] | |
7.000 μm 2 | Área de un punto impresa con una resolución de 300 puntos por pulgada [13] | ||
8.000 μm 2 | Área de la sección transversal de un cabello humano liso de 100 μm [14] de diámetro [15] |
10 −8 a 10 −1 metros cuadrados
Factor (m 2 ) | Múltiple | Valor | Artículo |
---|---|---|---|
10 −8 | 55.000 μm 2 | Tamaño de un píxel en una pantalla de computadora moderna típica | |
10 −7 | 2-400.000 μm 2 | Área de la sección transversal de la mina de un portaminas (0,5-0,7 mm de diámetro) [16] | |
10 −6 | 1 milímetro cuadrado (mm 2 ) | 1-2 mm 2 | Área de una fóvea humana [17] |
2 mm 2 | Área de la cabeza de un alfiler | ||
10 −5 | 30–50 mm 2 | Área de un agujero de 6 a 8 mm perforado en una hoja de papel con una perforadora [18] | |
10 −4 | 1 centímetro cuadrado (cm 2 ) | 290 mm 2 | Área de un lado de un centavo estadounidense [19] [20] |
500 mm 2 | Área de un sello postal típico | ||
10 −3 | 1.100 mm 2 | Área de una retina humana [21] | |
4.600 mm 2 | Área del anverso de una tarjeta de crédito [22] | ||
4.800 mm 2 | Lado más grande de una caja de cigarrillos | ||
10 -2 | 1 decímetro cuadrado (dm 2 ) | 10.000 mm 2 | Ficha (3 × 5 pulgadas ) [23] |
60.000 mm 2 | Papel de carta estadounidense (11 × 8,5 pulgadas , tamaño "A") | ||
62.370 mm 2 | Papel A4 internacional (210 × 297 mm) | ||
92.903 mm 2 | 1 pie cuadrado [24] | ||
10 −1 | 125.000 mm 2 | Papel A3 internacional (297 × 420 mm) | |
180.000 mm 2 | Superficie de una pelota de baloncesto (diámetro 24 cm) [25] [26] | ||
250.000 mm 2 | Papel internacional A2 (420 × 594 mm) | ||
500.000 mm 2 | Papel internacional A1 (594 × 841 mm) |
10 0 a 10 7 metros cuadrados
Factor (m 2 ) | Múltiple | Valor | Artículo |
---|---|---|---|
10 0 | 1 metro cuadrado | 1 m 2 | Papel internacional A0 (841 × 1189 mm) |
1,73 m 2 | Un número comúnmente utilizado como el área de superficie corporal promedio de un ser humano [27] | ||
1–4 m 2 | Área de la parte superior de un escritorio de oficina | ||
10 1 | 10-20 m 2 | Un espacio para estacionarse | |
70 m 2 | Área de superficie aproximada de un pulmón humano [28] | ||
10 2 | 1 decámetro cuadrado (presa 2 ) | 100 m 2 | Uno es (a) |
162 m 2 | Tamaño de una cancha de voleibol (18 × 9 metros) [29] | ||
202 m 2 | Superficie media de una casa suburbana de tres dormitorios en EE. UU. En 2010: 201,5 m 2 (2169 pies cuadrados ) [30] | ||
261 m 2 | Tamaño de una cancha de tenis [31] | ||
437 m 2 | Tamaño de una cancha de baloncesto NBA / WNBA / NCAA [32] | ||
10 3 | 1.000 m 2 | Superficie de un stremma o dunam moderno | |
1.250 m 2 | Superficie del agua en una piscina olímpica [33] | ||
4.047 m 2 | 1 acre [34] | ||
5.400 m 2 | Tamaño de un campo de fútbol americano [35] [36] | ||
7.140 m 2 | Tamaño de un campo de fútbol típico [37] [38] | ||
10 4 | 1 hectómetro cuadrado (hm 2 ) | 10,000 m 2 | 1 hectárea (ha) [39] |
17.000 m 2 | Área aproximada de un campo de cricket (límites teóricos: 6.402 m 2 a 21.273 m 2 ) [40] | ||
22.100 m 2 | Área de una cuadra de la ciudad de Manhattan | ||
53.000 m 2 | Base de la Gran Pirámide de Giza [41] [42] | ||
10 5 | 195.000 m 2 | Jardines Botánicos Nacionales de Irlanda [43] | |
490.000 m 2 | Ciudad del Vaticano [44] | ||
600.000 m 2 | Superficie total del Pentágono [45] | ||
10 6 | 1 kilómetro cuadrado (km 2 ) | 2 km 2 | Mónaco (país clasificado 192 por área) [46] |
2,59 kilometros 2 | 1 milla cuadrada [47] | ||
2,9 kilometros 2 | Ciudad de Londres (no todo el Londres moderno ) [48] | ||
10 7 | 59,5 kilometros 2 | Isla de Manhattan (superficie terrestre) [49] | |
61 kilometros 2 | San Marino [50] |
10 8 a 10 14 metros cuadrados
Factor (m 2 ) | Múltiple | Valor | Artículo |
---|---|---|---|
10 8 | 105 kilometros 2 | París (solo centro de la ciudad) [51] | |
110 km 2 | Walt Disney World [52] | ||
272 kilometros 2 | Ciudad de Taipei [53] | ||
630 kilometros 2 | Toronto [54] | ||
10 9 | 1100 kilometros 2 | Hong Kong [55] | |
1290 kilometros 2 | Los Ángeles, California , Estados Unidos (ciudad) [56] | ||
1962 kilometros 2 | Jacksonville, Florida ; ciudad más grande de EE . UU. continental [57] | ||
2188 kilometros 2 | Tokio [58] | ||
2511 kilometros 2 | Moscú | ||
5780 kilometros 2 | Zona administrativa de Bali [59] | ||
8030 km 2 | Comunidad de Madrid , España | ||
10 10 | 11.000 km 2 | Jamaica [60] | |
30.528 kilometros 2 | Bélgica | ||
68.870 km 2 | Lago Victoria [61] | ||
84.000 km 2 | Austria [62] | ||
10 11 | 100.000 km 2 | Corea del Sur [63] | |
167.996 kilometros 2 | Jiuquan en China | ||
301,338 kilometros 2 | Italia [64] | ||
357.000 kilometros 2 | Alemania [65] | ||
377,900 km 2 | Japón [66] | ||
510.000 km 2 | España [67] | ||
780.000 km 2 | Turquía [68] | ||
10 12 | 1 megametro cuadrado (Mm 2 ) | 1,0 milímetros 2 | Egipto ( país clasificado en el puesto 29 por área ) [69] |
2 milímetros 2 | México | ||
3,10 milímetros 2 | Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia (largest subnational governing body)[70] | ||
5 Mm2 | Largest extent of the Roman Empire[71][72] | ||
7.74 Mm2 | Australia (country ranked 6th by area)[73] | ||
8.5 Mm2 | Brazil | ||
9.5 Mm2 | China/ United States of America | ||
1013 | 10 Mm2 | Canada (including water)[74] | |
14 Mm2 | Antarctica[75] | ||
14 Mm2 | Arable land worldwide[76] | ||
16.6 Mm2 | Surface area of Pluto[77] | ||
17 Mm2 | Russia (country ranked 1st by area)[78] | ||
30 Mm2 | Africa[79] | ||
35.5 Mm2 | Largest extent of the British Empire[80] | ||
38 Mm2 | Surface area of the Moon[81] | ||
77 Mm2 | Atlantic Ocean[82] | ||
1014 | 144 Mm2 | Surface area of Mars[83] | |
150 Mm2 | Land area of Earth[84] | ||
156 Mm2 | Pacific Ocean[85] | ||
360 Mm2 | Water area of Earth[84] | ||
510 Mm2 | Total surface area of Earth[84] |
10 15 a 10 26 metros cuadrados
Factor (m2) | Multiple | Value | Item |
---|---|---|---|
1015 | 1,000 Mm2 | Surface area of the white dwarf, Van Maanen's star | |
7,600 Mm2 | Surface area of Neptune[86] | ||
1016 | 43,000 Mm2 | Surface area of Saturn[87] | |
61 000 Mm2 | Surface area of Jupiter,[88] the "surface" area of the spheroid (calculated from the mean radius as reported by NASA). The cross-sectional area of Jupiter, which is the same as the "circle" of Jupiter seen by an approaching spacecraft, is almost exactly one quarter the surface-area of the overall sphere, which in the case of Jupiter is approximately 1.535e+16 square metres. | ||
1017 | 2-600 000 Mm2 | Surface area of the brown dwarf CT Chamaeleontis B. | |
460,000 Mm2 | Area swept by the Moon's orbit of Earth | ||
1018 | 1 square gigametre (Gm2) | 6.1 Gm2 | Surface area of the Sun[89] |
1019 | 30 Gm2 | Surface area of the star Vega | |
1020 | 100 Gm2 | ||
1021 | 1 000 Gm2 | ||
1022 | 11 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Mercury's orbit around the Sun | |
37 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Venus' orbit around the Sun | ||
71 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Earth's orbit around the Sun | ||
1023 | 160 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Mars' orbit around the Sun | |
281 000 Gm2 | Surface area of a Dyson sphere with a radius of 1 AU | ||
1024 | 1 square terametre (Tm2) | 1.9 Tm2 | Area swept by Jupiter's orbit around the Sun |
6.4 Tm2 | Area swept by Saturn's orbit around the Sun | ||
8.5 Tm2 | Surface area of the red supergiant star Betelgeuse | ||
1025 | 24 Tm2 | Surface area of the hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris | |
26 Tm2 | Area swept by Uranus' orbit around the Sun | ||
64 Tm2 | Area swept by Neptune's orbit around the Sun | ||
1026 | 110 Tm2 | Area swept by Pluto's orbit around the Sun |
10 27 metros cuadrados y más
Factor (m2) | Multiple | Value | Item |
---|---|---|---|
1030 | 1 square petametre (Pm2) | ||
1031 | 10 Pm2 | ||
1032 | 200 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of an Oort Cloud | |
300 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of a Bok globule | ||
1033 | 1 000 Pm2 | ||
1034 | 30 000 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of The Bubble nebula | |
1035 | 100 000 Pm2 | ||
1036 | 1 square exametre (Em2) | ||
... | |||
1041 | 700 000 Em2 | Roughly the area of Milky Way's galactic disk | |
1042 | 1 square zettametre (Zm2) | ||
... | |||
1048 | 1 square yottametre (Ym2) | ||
1054 | 2400 Ym2 | Surface area of the observable universe[90] |
Ver también
- Orders of magnitude
- List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area
Referencias
- ^ Calculated: square of the Planck length = (1.62e-35 m)^2 = 2.6e-70 m^2
- ^ Russ Rowlett (September 1, 2004). "Units: S". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ "Femtobarn". CERN writing guidelines. CERN. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
- ^ Eric W. Weisstein. "Thomson Cross Section". Eric Weisstein's World of Science. Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
- ^ "Other non-SI units". SI brochure. BIPM. Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ ""Rule of thumb" for the area per molecule in lipid bilayer". BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Individual Properties of the 20 Standard Amino Acids: Properties and Images". The Amino Acid Repository. Jena Library of Biological Macromolecules. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
- ^ Janin, J. E. L. (1979). "Surface and inside volumes in globular proteins". Nature. 277 (5696): 491–492. Bibcode:1979Natur.277..491J. doi:10.1038/277491a0. PMID 763335. S2CID 4338901.
- ^ "The Nuclear Pore Complex". UIUC Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "E. coli Statistics". The CyberCell Database. Archived from the original on 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- ^ Marcelli, Gianluca; Parker, Kim H.; Winlove, C. Peter (2005). "Thermal Fluctuations of Red Blood Cell Membrane via a Constant-Area Particle-Dynamics Model". Biophysical Journal. 89 (4): 2473–2480. Bibcode:2005BpJ....89.2473M. doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.056168. PMC 1366746. PMID 16055528.
- ^ Calculated: Smallest and largest common pitches were 77 micrometers and 337 micrometers. (77e-6 m)^2 ~= 6e-9 m^2. (337e-6 m)^2 ~= 114e-9 m^2 ~= 110e-9 m^2
- ^ Calculated: (300 dots per inch / 2.54e-2 m/inch)^(-2) = 7.2e-9 m^2
- ^ "Hair Fiber Composition". Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ Calculated: 100 μm in diameter => pi * ((1e-4 m)/2)**2 = 7.9e-9 m^2
- ^ Calculated: pi * (0.5mm/2)^2 = 2.0e-7 m^2 and pi * (0.7mm/2)^2 = 3.8e-7 m^2)
- ^ "Part XIII: Facts and Figures concerning the human retina". Webvision. University of Utah. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ Calculated: ((6e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 2.8e-5 m^2 and ((8e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 5.0e-5 m^2
- ^ "Coin specifications". United States Mint. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ Calculated: area = pi * diameter^2 / 4 = 3.14 * (19.05e-3 m)^2 = 2.850e-4 m^2
- ^ Taylor, Enid; Jennings, Alan (1971). "Calculation of total retinal area". Br. J. Ophthalmol. 55 (4): 262–5. doi:10.1136/bjo.55.4.262. PMC 1208280. PMID 5572268.
- ^ "Credit Card Dimensions". Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ Calculated: 3 inches * 5 inches * (2.54e-2 m/inch)^2 = 9.7e-3 m^2 ~= 0.01 m^2
- ^ Calculated: 1 foot * 1 foot * (0.3048 meters / foot)^2 = 0.092.90304 m^2
- ^ "Rules of the Game". USA Basketball. Archived from the original on 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ Calculated: 29.5-29.75 inch circumference * 2.54 cm / in = 23.85-24.05 cm diameter => radius = 0.119-0.120 m => Area = 4 * pi * (0.119 m)^2 = 0.18 m^2
- ^ Sacco, Joseph J.; Botten, Joanne; Macbeth, Fergus; Bagust, Adrian; Clark, Peter (2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study". PLOS ONE. 5 (1): e8933. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8933S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008933. PMC 2812484. PMID 20126669.
- ^ Notter, Robert H. (2000). Lung surfactants: basic science and clinical applications. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. p. 120. ISBN 0-8247-0401-0. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ^ "Section 1.1" (PDF). Official Volleyball Rules 2011-2012. FIVB. 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.
- ^ "Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New Single-Family Houses Completed by Location" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Area of a Tennis Court". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ^ Calculated: 4,700 sq ft * (0.3048 ft/m)2 = 436.644288 m2
- ^ Calculated: 50 m * 25 m = 1250 m^2
- ^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
4046.87
- ^ "What are the Dimensions of a Football Field". Dimensions Guide. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ^ Calculated: 360 feet * 160 feet * (0.3048 m/ft)^2 = 5351 m^2 ~= 5400 m^2
- ^ "How Big Is An Olympic Soccer Field?". LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
For the Olympics, fields are supposed to measure exactly 105 meters long and 68 meters wide
- ^ Calculated: 105 m * 68 m = 7140 m^2
- ^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "AFL Ground Sizes | Passy's World of Mathematics". passyworldofmathematics.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
- ^ Greenberg, Ralph. "THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (Some Elegant Numerical Relationships)". Retrieved 2012-01-04.
average length of the four sides is 230.364 meters
- ^ Calculated: 230.364 m^2 ~= 53068 m^2
- ^ Gartland, Fiona. "Valuable lead roofing stolen from Dublin bandstands". Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ^ "Holy See (Vatican City)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "The Pentagon - George Bergstrom". Great Buildings Online. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
Floor area of 6.5 million square feet, 34 acres, 13.8 hectares, of which 3.7 million square feet are used for offices.
- ^ "Monaco". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ Calculated: 1 mile * 1 mile * (1.61 km / mile)^2 = 2.59 km^2
- ^ "Jurisdictions: London". The International Finance Centre Portal. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "New York -- Place and County Subdivision: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density 2000". Census 2000 Summary File 1. US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "San Marino". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Comparateur de territoire: Commune de Paris (75056)". INSEE. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
- ^ "Walt Disney World Resort". Disney By The Numb3rs. Archived from the original on 2015-06-12. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
30,500 acres
- ^ "Appendix II Statistics". Taipei Yearbook 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "Population and Dwelling Counts". 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "Hong Kong". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "California by Place: Los Angeles city". US Census. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
498.29 square miles
- ^ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Land Area (square miles) /1, 2000 in Rank Order". U.S. Census Bureau, Administrative and Customer Services Division, Statistical Compendia Branch. March 16, 2004. Archived from the original on October 17, 2002. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ "OVERVIEW OF TOKYO". Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Archived from the original on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "Kabupaten Klungkung : Data Agregat per Kecamatan" (PDF). Sp2010.bps.go.id. 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Jamaica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Lake Profile: Victoria". World Lakes. LakeNet. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "Austria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "South Korea". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Italy". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Germany". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Japan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Spain". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Turkey". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ Rosstat (Russian Statistical Service), 2010 Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine (xls). Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
- ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
- ^ "Australia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "Canada". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Antarctica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^ "FAO Resources page". FAO.org. 2010.
- ^ "Pluto: By the Numbers". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
- ^ "Russia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Map of Africa". Worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
30,065,000 sq km
- ^ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 502. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793.
- ^ "Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "The World Factbook: Atlantic Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Mars: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ a b c "The World Factbook: World". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ^ "The World Factbook: Pacific Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Neptune: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Saturn: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Jupiter: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Sun: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Archived from the original on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine". www.wolframalpha.com. Retrieved 2016-03-01.