26P/Grigg–Skjellerup

26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
Discovery

Discovered by	John Grigg and John Francis Skjellerup
Discovery date	1902 and 1922
Alternativedesignations	1808 C1; 1808 III; 1902 O1; 1902 II; 1902c; 1922 K1; 1922 I; 1922b; 1927 F1; 1927 V; 1927e; 1932 II; 1932d; 1937 III; 1937e; 1942 V; 1942d; 1947 II; 1947a; 1952 IV; 1952b; 1957 I; 1956i; 1961 IX; 1961g; 1967 I; 1966f; 1972 II; 1972b; 1977 VI; 1977b; 1982 IV; 1982a; 1987 X; 1986m; 1992 XVIII
Orbital characteristics A
Epoch	April 10, 2007 (JD 2454200.5)
Aphelion	4.9332 AU
Perihelion	1.1168 AU
Semi-major axis	3.0437 AU
Eccentricity	0.6631
Orbital period	5.31 a
Inclination	22.36°
Earth MOID	0.079 AU (11,800,000 km)^[4]
Last perihelion	October 1, 2018^[1] July 6, 2013^[2]^[3] March 23, 2008
Next perihelion	2023-Dec-25 (JPL Horizons last obs 2019-09-30)

Comet Grigg–Skjellerup (formally designated 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup) is a periodic comet. It was visited by the Giotto probe in July 1992.^[5] The spacecraft came as close as 200 km, but could not take pictures because some instruments were damaged from its encounter with Halley's Comet.^[6]

The comet was discovered in 1902 by John Grigg of New Zealand, and rediscovered in its next appearance in 1922 by John Francis Skjellerup, an Australian then living and working for about two decades in South Africa where he was a founder member of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa.

In 1987, it was belatedly discovered by Ľubor Kresák that the comet had been observed in 1808 as well, by Jean-Louis Pons.

The comet has often suffered the gravitational influence of Jupiter, which has altered its orbit considerably. For instance, its perihelion distance has changed from 0.77 AU in 1725 to 0.89 AU in 1922 to 0.99 AU in 1977 and to 1.12 AU in 1999.

In 1972 the comet was discovered to produce a meteor shower, the Pi Puppids, and its current orbit makes them peak around April 23, for observers in the southern hemisphere, best seen when the comet is near perihelion.

During the comet's 1982 it was detected using radar by the Arecibo Observatory.^[7]

Having its recent perihelion so close to Earth's orbit made it an easy target to reach for the Giotto mission (spacecraft) in 1992, whose primary mission was to Comet Halley. Giotto had a closest approach to Grigg–Skjellerup of 200 km, much closer than its approach to Comet Halley, but was unable to obtain images as its camera was destroyed during the Halley rendezvous in 1986.

The 2002 return (expected perihelion around October 8, 2002) was very unfavorable and no observations were reported.

The comet nucleus is estimated to be 2.6 kilometers in diameter.^[4]

The comet is a type locality for the mineral brownleeite.^[8]^[9]

Popular culture

In Neal Stephenson's science fiction novel Seveneves, 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup serves as a potential source of water and rocket propellant for the "Cloud Ark" survivors, and is frequently referred to by the nickname "Greg's Skeleton" by way of homophonic transformation.

References

^ "26P/Grigg-Skjellerup Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
^ Syuichi Nakano (2010-04-08). "26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (NK 1908)". OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
^ "26P past, present and future orbital elements". May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011.
^ a b "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup" (2019-09-30 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
^ "Giotto, ESA's first deep-space mission: 25 years ago". European Space Agency. March 11, 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011.
^ "Giotto's second comet encounter". European Space Agency. March 10, 2006. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012.
^ Harmon, J.K; Campbell, D.B; Ostro, S.J; Nolan, M.C (1999). "Radar observations of comets"(PDF). Planetary and Space Science. 47: 1409–1422. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00068-9. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^ "Comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup, Outer Space". www.mindat.org. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
^ "NASA Finds New Type of Comet Dust Mineral". www.nasa.gov. June 12, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2017.

26P/Grigg–Skjellerup Cometography

External links

Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
ESA website about 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
Recovery of comet 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup (Remanzacco Observatory : December 26, 2012)

Numbered comets
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[mpc-1] "26P/Grigg-Skjellerup Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2014-06-16.

[NK1908-2] Syuichi Nakano (2010-04-08). "26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (NK 1908)". OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections. Retrieved 2012-02-18.

[3] "26P past, present and future orbital elements". May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011.

[jpldata-4] "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup" (2019-09-30 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2020-09-29.

[giotto-5] "Giotto, ESA's first deep-space mission: 25 years ago". European Space Agency. March 11, 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011.

[giotto2-6] "Giotto's second comet encounter". European Space Agency. March 10, 2006. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012.

[harmonhist-7] Harmon, J.K; Campbell, D.B; Ostro, S.J; Nolan, M.C (1999). "Radar observations of comets"(PDF). Planetary and Space Science. 47: 1409–1422. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00068-9. Retrieved 22 November 2020.

[8] "Comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup, Outer Space". www.mindat.org. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.

[9] "NASA Finds New Type of Comet Dust Mineral". www.nasa.gov. June 12, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2017.

[4]