Esta es una lista de los sistemas de calificación utilizados por los países del mundo, principalmente en los campos de la educación secundaria y la educación universitaria, organizados por continente con enlaces a detalles en numerosas entradas.
África
Nigeria
El sistema de clasificación que se utiliza en las instituciones nigerianas depende de la institución y, a veces, del cuerpo docente de la institución. Además, las escalas de calificación en las instituciones de nivel universitario han cambiado con frecuencia. Las escalas de calificación pueden ser de 1 a 7, de 1 a 5 o de la A a la F, donde A está en una escala de 4.0 o en una escala de 5.0. La escala más común ahora es de 1 a 5, siendo 5 la calificación más alta obtenida. Además, los títulos se otorgan en una clase, según las calificaciones recibidas. Los títulos se pueden otorgar en Primera clase, Segunda clase (División superior), Segunda clase (División inferior), Tercera clase y Clase aprobada. Las escalas de calificación para los certificados secundarios son estándar. A continuación se muestra el sistema de calificación de las universidades nigerianas: {¡es excelente! ¡Porcentaje! Calificación! Descripción | - | 70−100 | A | Primera clase | - | 60−69 | B | Segunda clase, División superior | - | 50−59 | C | Segunda clase, división inferior | - | 45−49 | D | Tercera clase | - | 40−44 | E | Clase de aprobación | - | 80 45 | F | falla |}
Sudáfrica
Algunas universidades siguen un modelo basado en el sistema británico. Por lo tanto, en la Universidad de Ciudad del Cabo y la Universidad de Sudáfrica (UNISA), los porcentajes se calibran de la siguiente manera: se otorga un pase de primera clase para el 75% y superior, un segundo (división uno) para el 70 - 74%, una segunda (división dos) para 60% - 69%, y una tercera para 50 - 59%. Cualquier valor inferior al 40% es un fracaso. La Universidad de Witwatersrand considera que una A es del 75% o más.
Tanzania
Los grados proporcionados siguen siendo utilizados dentro del sistema de educación secundaria de nivel A de Tanzania; los estudiantes pueden inscribirse en una universidad o colegio al recibir calificaciones del nivel A al D dentro de 2 de 3 materias básicas, con una calificación de S como calificación mínima. Generalmente se toman tres materias básicas, con clases adicionales disponibles; Sin embargo, la calificación en las universidades es un proceso independiente, con calificaciones que varían entre universidades.
Porcentaje | Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|
80−100 | A | Significativamente por encima del promedio |
70-79 | B | Por encima de la media |
60-69 | C | Promedio |
50-59 | D | Aprobar |
40-49 | mi | Por debajo del promedio |
35-39 | S | Significativamente por debajo del promedio |
0−34 | F | Fallar |
Asia
Los diferentes países de Asia tienen una variedad de escalas de calificación. Las escalas de calificación para algunos países de Asia se describen a continuación.
Afganistán
La puntuación más alta que se puede recibir en escuelas y universidades es 100. Dependiendo de la escuela y el grado de estudio, una buena nota varía, pero en la mayoría de las ocasiones 80 o más se considera buena.
Calificación | Escala 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
90-100 | A | 4 | Excelente |
75–89,99 | B | 3 | Muy bien |
60–74,99 | C | 2 | Bien |
55–59,99 | D | 1 | Aceptable |
0–54,99 | F | 0 | Fallar |
India
Calificación en universidades
Las universidades indias siguen un sistema de porcentaje y los institutos indios de tecnología , los institutos nacionales de tecnología , los institutos indios de tecnología de la información , los institutos indios de ingeniería, ciencia y tecnología y varios otros institutos técnicos del país financiados centralmente siguen un sistema GPA de 10 puntos. El Sistema de Porcentaje se define con una nota máxima de 100 puntos, una nota mínima de 0 puntos y una nota aprobatoria de 30 a 40 puntos, según la universidad; los porcentajes más bajos pueden considerarse calificaciones aprobatorias en varias universidades.
El sistema de porcentaje es el siguiente:
Porcentaje | Clasificación / División |
---|---|
75+ | Distintivo, sobresaliente |
60+ | Primera clase |
50+ pero menos de 60 | Segunda clase |
40 (o 35) + pero menos de 50 | Nota aprobatoria |
Menos de 40 (o 35) | Fallar |
Sin embargo, el sistema de GPA de 10 puntos utilizado en los Institutos Indios de Tecnología , los Institutos Nacionales de Tecnología , los Institutos Indios de Tecnología de la Información , los Institutos Indios de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología y varios otros institutos técnicos del país financiados centralmente funciona de la siguiente manera:
Calificación | Grado de la letra | Descripción |
---|---|---|
9-10 | S | Excelente |
8–9 | A | Muy bien |
7-8 | B | Bien |
6–7 | C | Trabajo satisfactorio |
4-6 | D | Suficiente |
3-4 | mi | Insuficiente |
0 | U | Comportamiento injusto (p. Ej., Hacer trampa) |
Un sistema de calificación universitario adicional que se utiliza actualmente en la India es el GPA de ocho puntos introducido por la Universidad de Mumbai a partir del año académico 2012-2013; el sistema se clasifica de la siguiente manera: [1]
Marcas | Grado de la letra | Punto de calificación |
---|---|---|
90-100 | O | 8 |
80–89,99 | A + | 7 |
60–79,99 | A | 6 |
55–59,99 | B | 5 |
50–54,99 | C | 4 |
45–49,99 | D | 3 |
40–44,99 | mi | 2 |
≤39,99 | F | 1 |
Algunas universidades siguen un patrón de promedio ponderado para calcular el porcentaje de calificación:
Semestre | Porcentaje de marcas agregadas |
---|---|
1 y 2 | 40 |
3 y 4 | 60 |
5 y 6 | 80 |
7 y 8 | 100 |
El sistema de Conversión de Calificaciones Internacionales, de World Education Services , para los porcentajes calificados en las universidades indias, permite ubicar la calificación correspondiente en los EE. UU. O el promedio de calificaciones correspondiente para cada calificación proporcionada en una Universidad India; el sistema de conversión funciona de la siguiente manera, con la clasificación o división equivalente proporcionada también. [2]
Porcentaje | Calificación | Equivalente de grado de EE. UU. | Clasificación / División |
---|---|---|---|
60-100 | 3,5–4,0 | A o (O) | Primera clase, distintivo, excepcional |
55–59 | 3.15-3.49 | B + | Segunda clase |
50–54 | 2.5–3.14 | B | Segunda clase |
43–49 | 2.15–2.49 | C + | Tercera división |
35 * –42 | 1,5–2,14 | C | Fracaso, Tercera División (dependiente de la universidad) |
0–34 | 0–1,49 | F | Falla |
Las conversiones de divisiones a grados de EE. UU. Funcionan de la siguiente manera:
Por división | Equivalente de grado de EE. UU. |
---|---|
I (Primera División) | A |
II (Segunda División) | B / B + |
III (Tercera División) | C / C + |
* En instituciones seleccionadas, una calificación más baja puede considerarse aprobatoria.
Calificación en la escuela secundaria
La mayoría de las juntas en la India otorgan las calificaciones brutas obtenidas por los estudiantes, aunque algunas solo pueden otorgar la calificación obtenida por el estudiante.
Las juntas nacionales como CBSE dan las calificaciones obtenidas por el estudiante y (para CBSE) la calificación posicional que indica el nivel de un estudiante en esa materia con respecto a sus compañeros.
Algunas juntas educativas todavía siguen la práctica de dar "divisiones": un porcentaje superior al 90 se considera excelente; entre 70 y 89 se considera "primera división"; entre 50 y 69 se considera "segunda división", entre 40 y 49 se considera un pase; aunque estas terminologías y clasificaciones dependen del "consejo de educación". Calculadora CGPA
Indonesia
Distancia | Carta de calificación | Punto de calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|---|
95-100 | A | 4.0 | Excelente, muy bien |
90−94 | B | 3,0-3,99 | Bien |
80-89 | C | 2.0–2.99 | Promedio |
<79 | D | 1.0–1.99 | Pobre / aprobado condicionalmente |
<74 | mi | 0-0,99 | Insatisfactorio |
Un sistema de calificación adicional utilizado en Indonesia funciona de la siguiente manera:
Distancia | Carta de calificación | Punto de calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|---|
99-100 | A | 4.0 | Excelente / Perfecto |
97–98 | AB | 3,5 | Muy bien |
95–96 | B | 3,0 | Bien |
93–94 | antes de Cristo | 2.5 | Casi bueno |
91–92 | C | 2.0 | Regular / satisfactorio |
89–90 | D | 1.0 | Pobre / aprobado condicionalmente |
0–88 | mi | 0.0 | Fallar |
Iran
El sistema de calificación iraní es similar al de Francia y otros sistemas de calificación con patrones franceses como Bélgica, Líbano, Venezuela y Perú en las escuelas secundarias y universidades. Dado que el Ministerio de Educación iraní no proporciona una guía de calificación, la conversión a las escalas internacionales se lleva a cabo utilizando la guía de conversión proporcionada para los sistemas de calificación con patrones franceses. En casos específicos, las calificaciones se convierten de acuerdo con la política de calificaciones de los institutos de destino. La calificación para aprobar es de 10 y, por lo general, una calificación de más de 14 sobre 20 se considera excelente. La siguiente tabla es la más utilizada por los institutos y universidades del mundo para realizar la conversión del sistema de clasificación iraní: [3]
Calificación | Equivalente de grado de EE. UU. | Terminología de honores |
---|---|---|
14-20 | A | "Honores de primera clase": 1 ° |
12-13,99 | B + | "Honores de segunda clase alta": 2: 1 |
11-11,99 | B | "Menores honores de segunda clase": 2: 2 |
10,5-10,99 | B- | "Menores honores de segunda clase": 2: 2 |
10.1-10.49 | C + | "Menores honores de segunda clase": 2: 2 |
10 | C | "Honores de tercera clase": tercero |
9-9,99 | C- | "Honores de tercera clase": tercero |
8−8,99 | D | "Honores de tercera clase": tercero |
0−7,99 | F | - |
Israel
La escala de calificación de 100 puntos es la siguiente:
Porcentaje | Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|
95-100 | 10 | מצוין (excelente) |
85–94 | 9 | טוב מאוד (muy bueno) |
75–84 | 8 | טוב (bueno) |
65–74 | 7 | כמעט טוב (casi bueno) |
60−65 | 6 | מספיק (adecuado) |
50-60 | 5 | מספיק בקושי (apenas adecuado) |
<48 | <4 | בלתי מספיק / נכשל (inadecuado / fallido) |
Japón
En Japón, tras la reorganización de las universidades nacionales en 2004, el Ministerio de Educación, Deportes y Cultura ha alentado a las universidades públicas y privadas a adoptar un sistema de GPA. [4]
Otras instituciones de educación superior otorgan calificaciones en una escala de 0 a 100 o algunas universidades aplican calificaciones con letras. Mientras que durante años un rango de calificación "A" fue de 80 a 100 puntos, algunas escuelas (por ejemplo, en la Universidad de Kurume ) han comenzado a darle al rango de 90 a 100 puntos una calificación especial para indicar excelencia. [5] Una calificación reprobatoria generalmente se llama "E", aunque algunas instituciones usan "F".
Escala | Grado de la letra |
---|---|
90-100 | Excelente (AA o S) |
80–89 | A |
70–79 | B |
60–69 | C |
0–59 | Fallar (E) |
Kazajstán
Según el sistema de crédito estandarizado aceptado en la República de Kazajstán, las medidas de los diferentes niveles de comprensión en el ámbito de la educación superior en la República de Kazajstán son las siguientes:
Letras | Distancia | Porcentaje | Descriptores |
---|---|---|---|
A | 4.0 | 95-100 | Excelente |
A- | 3,67 | 90–94 | |
B + | 3.33 | 85–89 | Bien |
B | 3,0 | 80–84 | |
B- | 2,67 | 75–79 | |
C + | 2,33 | 70–74 | Satisfactorio |
C | 2.0 | 65–69 | |
C− | 1,67 | 60–64 | |
D + | 1,33 | 55–59 | |
D | 1.0 | 50–54 | |
F | 0 | 0–49 | Insatisfactorio |
Kuwait
Kuwait emplea un sistema de clasificación de cuatro puntos y porcentajes.
GPA | GPA en porcentaje | Descripción de GPA |
---|---|---|
3,80–4,00 | 97-100 | امتياز وتفوق (Excelencia y perfección) |
3,50-3,80 | 90–97 | امتياز (Excelencia) |
3.00–3.50 | 85–89 | جيد جدا (Muy bueno) |
2,50-3,00 | 69–85 | جيد (bueno) |
2,00-2,50 | 54–69 | مقبول (aceptable) |
1,80–2,00 | 49–54 | غير كافي ولكن مقبول (Insuficiente pero aceptable) |
1,50–1,80 | 45–49% | راسب لكن يمكن التعويض بالكورس الصيفي (Fracaso pero posible compensación en la escuela de verano) |
0,00-1,50 | 0–45% | راسب و لا يمكن التعويض بالكورس الصيفي (Fracaso sin posible compensación en la escuela de verano) |
Kirguistán
Kirguistán emplea un sistema de clasificación de cinco puntos: [6]
Calificación | Descripción | Notas |
---|---|---|
5 | Эң жакшы (Excelente) | Grado más alto posible |
4 | Жакшы (bueno) | Nota aprobatoria |
3 | Канаатандырарлык (Satisfactorio) | Calificación de aprobación más baja |
2 | Канаатандырарлык эмес (Insatisfactorio) | No es una nota aprobatoria |
1 | Эң канаатандырарлык эмес (Más insatisfactorio) | No es una calificación aprobatoria; poco común |
Líbano
Las escuelas libanesas siguen el sistema de calificaciones francés o el sistema de calificaciones estadounidense. La mayoría de las escuelas utilizan una escala de 0 a 20 en la que la calificación para aprobar es 10 de 20 (la calificación mínima para aprobar puede ser tan baja como 7). Depende del programa que ofrezca la escuela: el Bachillerato Francés / Libanés usa la escala 0-20 con algunas excepciones (algunas escuelas ofrecen el Bachillerato Libanés pero en lugar de la escala 0-20 se usa una escala de 100 puntos). Los colegios del IB utilizan por unanimidad una escala de 100 puntos, si no una escala de calificación estadounidense (consulte el sistema de calificación estadounidense).
En la escuela típica que ofrece un plan de estudios libanés (cuyo resultado es un bachillerato libanés), obtener altas calificaciones es muy difícil porque los profesores no utilizan la escala completa. Por ejemplo, la puntuación más alta que se puede obtener en redacción de ensayos en algunas escuelas es 14 de 20 (con un promedio de la clase de 9 o 10). Cada asignatura tiene un peso y, por tanto, contribuye de forma diferente a la puntuación global: el "Promedio general" (tomado de la Moyenne Générale francesa ). Este peso está determinado por horas de crédito. Por ejemplo, matemáticas (6 horas / semana) x 20 (la calificación base) = 120 (peso).
Ejemplo: Ejemplos de calificaciones: (Matemáticas 13.33 / 20, Inglés 13.4 / 20, Biología 8.25 / 20)
Inglés: 5 créditos × 13,4 = 67 de 100 posibles
Matemáticas: 6 créditos × 13,33 = 79,98 de 120 posibles
Biología: 2 créditos × 8,25 = 16,5 de 40 posibles
Total de puntos ganados = 163,48 de 260 posibles
Promedio general / Moyenne Générale 12.575 (Considerado un buen promedio, un B + si no un equivalente A- EE. UU. Ya que los estándares son diferentes: el grado 12 en el Bachillerato libanés o el Bachillerato francés es equivalente a un estudiante universitario de primer año de EE. UU., Además, todos los programas libaneses incluyen 3 idiomas y un total de 18 asignaturas anuales con tarea de verano.) Los estudiantes que se gradúan del Bachillerato Libanés o Francés ingresan a las universidades como estudiantes de segundo año, no de primer año, y pueden completar sus títulos en 3 años.
Escala de equivalencia de EE. UU. | Equivalente de grado de EE. UU. |
---|---|
14-20 | A + |
13-13,9 | A |
11-12,9 | B + |
10-10,9 | B |
9,5–9,9 | B- |
9.1–9.4 | C + |
9 | C |
8–8,9 | C− |
6,5–7,9 | D |
<6 | F |
En algunas universidades, se utiliza el sistema de calificación estadounidense. Otros usan la escala de 0 a 100, donde la calificación para aprobar es de 60 o 70, según el curso. Las universidades del sistema francés utilizan la escala de calificación de 0 a 20.
Malasia
Malasia tiene su propio sistema de calificación educativa. Las diferentes instituciones educativas utilizan un esquema de calificación diferente. Este es un ejemplo de un sistema de calificación que se practica en una universidad de Malasia.
Porcentaje | Calificación | Descripción | Punto de calidad |
---|---|---|---|
85+ | A | Excepcional | 4,00 |
80+ | A- | Excelente | 3,7 |
75+ | B + | Muy bien | 3.3 |
70+ | B | Bien | 3,00 |
65+ | B- | Bastante bueno | 2,7 |
60+ | C + | Satisfactorio | 2.3 |
55+ | C | Bastante satisfactorio | 2,00 |
45+ | D | Pobre | 1,67 |
40+ | D− | Muy pobre | 1,33 |
35+ | mi | Extremadamente pobre | 1,00 |
≤35 | F | Fallar | 0,00 |
Hasta la escuela secundaria, se proporciona el porcentaje promedio. Un porcentaje superior a 80 se considera excelente; entre 60 y 80 se considera "primera división"; entre 40 y 60 se considera "segunda división".
El sistema de porcentaje funciona de la siguiente manera: el número máximo de puntos posibles es 100, el mínimo es 0 y el número mínimo de puntos necesarios para aprobar es 35. Las puntuaciones del 91% al 100% se consideran excelentes, del 75% al 90% se consideran muy buenas , 55-64% consideró bueno, 45-55% considerado aceptable, 41-44% considerado aprobado y 0-40% considerado reprobado. Un porcentaje superior al 65% se denomina 1ª División e indica un alto nivel intelectual. Algunas universidades siguen un patrón de promedio ponderado para calcular el porcentaje: 1er y 2do semestre - 40% de las calificaciones agregadas, 3er y 4to semestre - 60% de las calificaciones agregadas, 5to y 6to semestre - 80% de las calificaciones agregadas, 7mo y 8vo Semestre: 100% de las calificaciones totales.
El GPA de 10 puntos se clasifica de la siguiente manera:
GPA | Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|
10–9,1 | O o A + | Mejor |
9–8,1 | A | Excelente |
8–7,1 | B + | Excepcionalmente bueno |
7–6,1 | B | Muy bien |
6–5,1 | C + | Bien |
5–4,1 | C | Promedio |
4–3,1 | D + | Justo |
3.1–2 | D | Aprobar |
2-0 | E + / E | Fallar |
Un GPA de más de 7 generalmente se considera una indicación de un buen dominio de todas las materias.
Porcentaje | Eq | Calificación | Clasificación |
---|---|---|---|
90 hasta 100 | 4.5 | O | Sobresaliente |
60 hasta 89 | 4.0 | A o (A + para> 90%) | Distinción / Primera clase ** |
50 hasta 59 | 3,5 | B + | Segunda clase |
40 hasta 49 | 3,0 | B | Clase de pase |
<39 | 2.0 | C | Fallar |
Pakistán
Esquema de calificación: [7]
Marcas de porcentaje | Calificación | Observaciones |
---|---|---|
85+ | A + | Excelente |
80−85 | A | Muy bien |
75−79 | B + | Bien |
69-74 | B | Moderar |
65-68 | C + | Justo |
60−65 | C | Necesita mejorar |
50-59 | D | Insatisfactorio |
<49 | F | Ha fallado |
En el antiguo sistema de calificación que constaba de "Esquema de división", el rango de porcentaje de calificaciones es el siguiente:
Porcentaje de marcas | División |
---|---|
60-100 | Primero |
45–59,99 | Segundo |
33–44,99 | Tercero |
0–32,99 | Fallar |
Hoy en día, la mayoría de las universidades de Ingeniería y Tecnología siguen el siguiente sistema de clasificación: [ cita requerida ]
Calificación | Marcas | GPA |
---|---|---|
A | 90+ | 4,00 |
A- | 85–89 | 3,7 |
B + | 80–84 | 3.3 |
B | 75–79 | 3 |
B- | 70–74 | 2,7 |
C + | 65-69 | 2.3 |
C | 60-64 | 2.0 |
C− | 55–59 | 1,7 |
D | 50-54 | 1.3 |
F | <50 | 00.00 |
Palestina
Las escuelas tienen grados del 1 al 100, a partir del 4º grado. En las escuelas privadas, el sistema de clasificación alfabético se usa generalmente hasta la educación secundaria. En las universidades se pueden encontrar sistemas de calificaciones tanto numéricos como alfabéticos, según cada sistema universitario.
Sistema de clasificación palestino:
Grado de la letra | Puntos de calificación |
---|---|
A + | 90-100 |
B + | 85-89 |
B | 80−84 |
C + | 75−79 |
C | 70-74 |
D + | 65-69 |
D | 60−64 |
PAG | 50-59 |
F | 0-49 |
Filipinas
Arabia Saudita
La mayoría de los colegios, universidades y escuelas de Arabia Saudita son muy similares a los de los Estados Unidos, excepto en la forma en que se describen las calificaciones.
Calificación | Porcentaje | GPA | |
---|---|---|---|
Excelente árabe : ممتاز | A + | 95-100 | 4.0 |
A | 90–94 | 3,75 | |
Muy buena árabe : جيد جدا | B + | 85–89 | 3,50 |
B | 80–84 | 3,0 | |
Buena árabe : جيد | C + | 75–79 | 2,50 |
C | 70–74 | 2.0 | |
Aceptable árabe : مقبول | D + | 65–69 | 1,50 |
D | 60–64 | 1.0 | |
El fracaso árabe : راسب | F | 0–59 | 0.0 |
En otras universidades de Arabia Saudita, como Imam University , King Saud University , King Abdulaziz University , King Khalid University , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University y King Faisal University , se utiliza el siguiente método:
Calificación | Porcentaje | GPA | |
---|---|---|---|
Excelente árabe : ممتاز | A + | 95-100 | 5,0 |
A | 90–94 | 4,75 | |
Muy buena árabe : جيد جدا | B + | 85–89 | 4.50 |
B | 80–84 | 4.0 | |
Buena árabe : جيد | C + | 75–79 | 3,50 |
C | 70–74 | 3,0 | |
Aceptable árabe : مقبول | D + | 65–69 | 2,50 |
D | 60–64 | 2.0 | |
El fracaso árabe : راسب | F | 0–59 | 1.0 |
Singapur
Calificación académica en la escuela primaria (grados 1 a 6):
Porcentaje | Los grados |
---|---|
91−100 | A |
75–90 | B |
60−74 | C |
50–59 | D |
<50 | F |
Calificación académica en la escuela secundaria (grados 7 a 10):
Porcentaje | Los grados |
---|---|
75-100 | A1 |
70-74 | A2 |
65-69 | B3 |
60−64 | B4 |
55-59 | C5 |
50−54 | C6 |
45-49 | D7 |
40-44 | E8 |
<40 | F9 |
Calificación académica en la universidad secundaria preparatoria para la universidad (grados 11 a 12):
Porcentaje | Los grados | Contraseña errónea |
---|---|---|
70−100 | A | Aprobar |
60-69 | B | Aprobar |
55-59 | C | Aprobar |
50−54 | D | Aprobar |
45-49 | mi | Aprobar |
40-44 | S | Sub-pase |
<40 | U | Fallar |
Las calificaciones para la educación terciaria son de 0.0 a 4.0 (inclusive).
Corea del Sur
Escuela intermedia (7º a 9º grado): los
puntos son la puntuación bruta del estudiante en los exámenes parciales y finales (de 100).
Puntos | Los grados |
---|---|
90-100 | A |
80–90 | B |
70–80 | C |
60–70 | D |
0–60 | F |
Escuela secundaria (10º a 12º grado):
El porcentaje es la posición relativa de los estudiantes entre otros estudiantes que toman la misma materia (100% es el más alto, 0% es el más bajo).
Percentil | Los grados |
---|---|
96-100 | 1 등급 / Grado 1 |
89–96 | 2 등급 / Grado 2 |
77–89 | 3 등급 / Grado 3 |
60–77 | 4 등급 / Grado 4 |
40–60 | 5 등급 / Grado 5 |
23–40 | 6 등급 / Grado 6 |
11-23 | 7 등급 / Grado 7 |
4-11 | 8 등급 / Grado 8 |
0–4 | 9 등급 / Grado 9 |
Universidad:
Los siguientes grados se enumeran como los de las universidades de Corea del Sur; el sistema enumerado es particularmente similar al utilizado en los Estados Unidos.
Porcentaje | Calificación | GPA |
---|---|---|
95-100 | A + | 4.5 |
90–94 | A | 4.0 |
85-89 | B + | 3,5 |
80–84 | B | 3,0 |
75–79 | C + | 2.5 |
70–74 | C | 2.0 |
65–69 | D + | 1,5 |
60–64 | D | 1.0 |
0–59 | F | 0.0 |
Tailandia
La mayoría de los programas de secundaria en Tailandia utilizan el siguiente sistema de calificación de 8 puntos:
Porcentaje | Calificación | Descripción | GPA |
---|---|---|---|
80-100 | A | Excelente | 4.0 |
75–79 | B + | Muy bien | 3,5 |
70–74 | B | Bien | 3,0 |
65–69 | C + | Bastante bueno | 2.5 |
60–64 | C | Justo | 2.0 |
55–59 | D + | Pobre | 1,5 |
50–54 | D | Muy pobre | 1.0 |
0–49 | F | Fallar | 0.0 |
Para estudios de grado y posgrado, las universidades a veces usan el siguiente sistema de calificación de 10 puntos:
Calificación | Descripción | GPA |
---|---|---|
A | Excelente | 4.0 |
A- | Casi excelente | 3,67 |
B + | Muy bien | 3.33 |
B | Bien | 3,00 |
B- | Bastante bueno | 2,67 |
C + | Casi bueno | 2,33 |
C | Justo | 2,00 |
C− | Casi justo | 1,67 |
D | Pobre | 1,00 |
F | Fallar | 0,00 |
pavo
En Turquía , las calificaciones de los exámenes de secundaria son de 0 a 100. Pero las calificaciones finales son de 1 a 5.
Porcentaje | Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|---|
85-100 | 5 | Pekiyi (Muy bueno) |
70–84 | 4 | İyi (bueno) |
60–69 | 3 | Orta (promedio) |
50–59 | 2 | Geçer (pase) |
0–49 | 1 | Zayıf (falla) |
En la educación de pregrado, las regulaciones generalmente están de acuerdo con el sistema de calificaciones de los EE. UU., Depende de las reglas de la Universidad.
Porcentaje | Calificación | Grado de la letra | Descripción |
---|---|---|---|
90−100 | 4,00 | Automóvil club británico | Pekiyi (excelente) |
85-89 | 3,50 | licenciado en Letras | İyi-Pekiyi (Muy bueno) |
80−84 | 3,00 | cama y desayuno | İyi (bueno) |
70-79 | 2,50 | CB | Orta-İyi (Bueno-Promedio) |
60-69 | 2,00 | CC | Orta (promedio) |
50-59 | 1,50 | corriente continua | Orta-Geçer (pase medio) |
45-49 | 1,00 | DD | Geçer (pase) |
35−44 | 0,50 | FD | Fallar |
00−34 | 0,00 | FF | Fallar |
- | 0,00 | N / A | Ausente |
Emiratos Árabes Unidos
La educación primaria es gratuita en las escuelas administradas por el gobierno. La clasificación es administrada por el Ministerio de Educación ( MOE ). Sin embargo, también hay muchas escuelas dirigidas por expatriados que tienen el mismo éxito con su propio sistema de calificación, o con un sistema de calificación aceptado del país donde las escuelas están afiliadas o comparten estándares comunes. En la mayoría de las universidades y colegios, el sistema de clasificación de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos es muy similar al sistema de los Estados Unidos.
Vietnam
La escala de calificaciones en Vietnam es de 10 a 1, donde 10 es el más alto, como sigue:
Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|
10 | Sobresaliente |
9 | Muy bien |
8 | Bien |
7 | Aceptable |
5-6 | Satisfactorio |
2-4 | Insuficiente |
1 | Fallar |
Las escuelas y universidades de Vietnam utilizan una escala de calificación de 10 puntos, siendo 10 la más alta y 0 la más baja, de la siguiente manera.
Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|
8-10 | Distinción |
6,5−8 | Bien |
5−6,5 | Intermedio |
3,5-5 | Insuficiente |
<3,5 | Fallar |
La calificación puede variar de una escuela a otra. Depende de la dificultad de cada uno.
La distribución de calificaciones difiere de los estándares en los países occidentales y depende en gran medida de la universidad. En las universidades vietnamitas, diez o nueve es casi imposible. Los estudiantes rara vez obtienen una puntuación superior a 8.0 en sus resultados finales.
Centroamérica
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Panamá
El sistema de calificaciones en Panamá es diferente al de las universidades que a las escuelas.
Las universidades utilizan una escala de calificación de 0 a 100 puntos similar a la calificación de los Estados Unidos. Se requiere 71 para aprobar, o aproximadamente el equivalente de una C. Las escuelas usan el sistema de 1-5 puntos, lo que significa que si un estudiante tiene un 4.5 que es el equivalente de una A- o en algún lugar alrededor del rango de 95 puntos.
Cuando se trata del promedio de calificaciones (GPA), Panamá utiliza una escala de 0 a 3 puntos para determinar el GPA del estudiante. Por ejemplo, si un estudiante tiene un GPA de 2.5, eso es aproximadamente lo mismo que un estudiante de EE. UU. Con un 3.0–3.5.
Europa
Albania
En Albania , se utilizan los grados del 4 al 10, y algunas escuelas permiten decimales (hasta el centésimo dígito) y otras solo permiten números enteros.
Calificación | Descripción |
---|---|
9.00 a 10.00 | Excelente |
8.00–8.99 | Muy bien |
7.00–7.99 | Bien |
6,00–6,99 | Satisfactorio |
5,00-5,99 | Suficiente |
1,00–4,99 | Insuficiente |
La mayoría de las universidades evalúan las clases con dos exámenes intermedios y uno final. El examen final abarca todo el plan de estudios del curso, mientras que los exámenes intermedios suelen repasar la mitad. En algunas escuelas, si la nota media de los dos exámenes intermedios es igual o superior a 7,00, el alumno puede aprobar la clase sin necesidad de realizar un examen final (dado que solo hay dos exámenes, algunos profesores también aprueban a los alumnos que promedio 6,50; otros influyen en la decisión en función del desempeño del estudiante en clase). Un promedio de menos de 4,00 está fallando; los estudiantes que obtienen un puntaje tan promedio no pueden tomar el examen final.
En las escuelas secundarias, el año se divide en tres trimestres y las clases suelen durar un año. Los estudiantes necesitan un promedio de 6.00 o más en los exámenes de los tres trimestres para evitar tener que tomar un examen final para aprobar la clase. En el caso de que un estudiante obtuviera menos de 6.00 en el tercer trimestre, tendría que tomar un examen final, independientemente del promedio. Esto se considera controvertido ya que el último examen trimestral no es más importante que los dos primeros, pero la regla es evitar que los estudiantes que ya han alcanzado el promedio mínimo (por ejemplo, dos 10.00 en los dos primeros dan a un estudiante el promedio más bajo posible de 6.33 ) por no hacer un esfuerzo durante los últimos tres meses del año. El tiempo que uno pasa en una universidad suele durar de tres a cinco años.
Austria
En Austria, se utilizan grados del 1 al 5.
Calificación | Porcentaje | Descripción |
---|---|---|
1 | 90−100 | Sehr gut (realmente bueno) |
2 | 80-89 | Intestino (bueno) |
3 | 64-79 | Befriedigend (satisfactorio) |
4 | 51-63 | Genügend (suficiente) |
5 | 0−50 | Nicht genügend (insuficiente) |
La calificación general formalizada en Austria es "aprobado con distinción" ( mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden ), que se otorga por un desempeño excelente (promedio de 1,5 y mejor, sin calificación inferior a 3) [17] y "aprobado" ( Bestanden , sin calificación inferior 4). [18]
Si a alguien se le da un "pase con distinción" en su Matura, Diploma y Doctorado, todos los planes de estudio se absuelven en el tiempo de duración regular, puede tener una 'promotio sub auspiciis presidentis rei publicae', (literalmente "bajo los auspicios del Presidente de la Republic ", lo que significa que el presidente federal asistirá personalmente a la ceremonia de graduación), que es el mayor honor en Austria que solo logra 1 de cada 2500 graduados (0,04%) al año. [19]
En términos generales, no existe un promedio de calificaciones acumulativo en el sistema educativo austriaco y, por lo tanto, tiene poca relevancia en el mercado laboral local.
Armenia
/ 10 Գերազանց / 9 Հիանալի / 8 շատ լավ / 7 լավ
Bélgica
En las universidades belgas se utiliza una escala de 0 a 20 por asignatura; Luego, se calcula un promedio ponderado en una escala de 0 a 20, siendo 10 la calificación aprobatoria por materia. Un promedio total de alrededor de 14 (70%) obtiene un grado de distinción (cum laude), alrededor de 16 (80%) significa alta distinción (magna cum laude) y un promedio de alrededor de 18 (90%) otorga la más alta distinción (summa / maxima cum laude). Los puntajes exactos para cada grado difieren entre diferentes universidades. [20] [21]
Las escuelas secundarias belgas utilizan una escala de 0 a 100 o incluso superior para los exámenes (50 suele ser la nota aprobatoria). En las boletas de calificaciones, algunas escuelas también otorgan calificaciones en una escala porcentual (de 0 a 100), mientras que otras usan una escala de 0 a 10. Esos puntajes totales son promedios ponderados de exámenes y pruebas. En las escuelas secundarias belgas, hay 6 años. En los primeros tres años, los estudiantes deben realizar exámenes cada trimestre. Los puntajes generalmente se dan en porcentajes. Al final del año escolar, se otorga un puntaje promedio total.
Los colegios universitarios (otra forma de educación superior, no comparable con los colegios estadounidenses) utilizan la misma escala de 0 a 20 que las universidades belgas, aunque los deberes y la presencia pueden influir en ocasiones hasta en un 50% o más de estos 20 puntos (situación a febrero de 2011[actualizar]). Es más común tener un examen final que cuente con el 100% de la nota si el curso no requiere trabajo de laboratorio. Obtener una calificación superior a 16/20 se considera una muy buena calificación y una calificación de 19 o 20/20 es muy poco común.
La escala varía significativamente según la universidad o la facultad.
Bosnia y Herzegovina
En Bosnia y Herzegovina , los grados del 5 al 1 se utilizan en la educación primaria y secundaria, mientras que los grados del 10 al 5 se utilizan en las universidades.
Calificación de educación primaria y secundaria:
Calificación | Grado de la letra | Etiqueta | Descripción |
---|---|---|---|
5 | A | Odličan (excelente) | Mejor calificación posible |
4 | B | Vrlo dobar (Muy bueno) | Siguiente grado más alto / Por encima del promedio |
3 | C | Dobar (bueno) | Rendimiento medio |
2 | D | Dovoljan (suficiente) | Calificación de aprobación más baja |
1 | E / F | Nedovoljan (insuficiente) | Calificación reprobatoria |
Calificación universitaria:
Calificación | Porcentaje | Descripción |
---|---|---|
10 | 91–100 | Excepcional |
9 | 81–90 | Excelente |
8 | 71–80 | Muy bien |
7 | 61–70 | Good |
6 | 51–60 | Sufficient – lowest passing grade |
5 | 0–50 | Insufficient – failing grade |
Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, the following grade scale is used in schools:
Grade | Letter Grade | Percentage | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
6 | A | 92–100 | Отличен (Excellent) | Best possible grade |
5 | B | 75–91 | Много добър (Very good) | Next highest |
4 | C | 59–74 | Добър (Good) | Average performance |
3 | D | 50–58 | Среден (Average) | Lowest passing grade |
2 | F | 0–49 | Слаб (Weak) | Failing grade |
For examinations and tests, exact grading is often used and is represented by two positions after the decimal point:
Grade | Letter Grade | Percentage | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.50–6.00 | A | 92–100 | Отличен (Excellent) | Best possible grade |
4.50–5.49 | B | 75–91 | Много добър (Very good) | Next highest |
3.50–4.49 | C | 59–74 | Добър (Good) | Average performance |
3.00–3.49 | D | 50–58 | Среден (Average) | Lowest passing grade |
2.00–2.99 | F | 0–49 | Слаб (Weak) | Failing grade |
Grades e.g. Good (3.50), or Excellent (5.75), are common. Every passing grade at or above the .50 mark is prefixed with the term of the higher grade. The minimum is 2.00; grades below 3.00 are failing grades, and the maximum is 6.00. Grades like "Very good" (5-) and "Average" (3+) are also possible - these are ignored in calculations.
Roughly, the Bulgarian grade system can be equated to the American one like the following: 6=A, 5=B, 4=C, 3=D, and 2=F. Also, in accordance with the Australian system, 6=HD, 5=D, 4=Cr, 3=P, and 2=F.
The most common formula used in Bulgarian schools is currently Grade=(6* number of correct answers)/ total number of questions. That way if a student has answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly, their mark should be: (6*7)/10=4.20, which is graded as Good 4 or average performance.
Croatia
In Croatia, the following grade scale is used in schools:
Grade | Letter Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
5 | A | Odličan/Izvrstan (Excellent) | Best possible grade |
4 | B | Vrlo dobar (Very good) | Next highest |
3 | C | Dobar (Good) | Average performance |
2 | D | Dovoljan (Sufficient) | Lowest passing grade |
1 | F | Nedovoljan (Insufficient) | Failing grade |
At the end of each semester the grades are averaged to form a Grade Point Average (prosječna ocjena), according to this scale:
Grade | Letter Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
5.00–4.50 | A | Odličan/Izvrstan (Excellent) | Best possible grade |
4.49–3.50 | B | Vrlo dobar (Very good) | Next highest |
3.49–2.50 | C | Dobar (Good) | Average performance |
2.49–2.00 | D | Dovoljan (Sufficient) | Lowest passing grade |
1.99–1.0 | F | Nedovoljan (Insufficient) | Failing grade |
In colloquial Croatian, grades are referred to be their numerical values: jedinica, dvojka, trojka, četvorka, petica. Students with failing grades (1 or F) are allowed to carry those grades throughout the school year, but are required to improve them to passing grades (2 or better) in order to finish the year. Failure to pass one class results in the student being held back a year.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, a five-point grading scale is used in both primary and secondary schools:
Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|
1 | Výborný (Excellent) | The best grade achievable − U.S. 'A' equivalent |
2 | Chvalitebný (Commendable) | U.S. 'B' equivalent |
3 | Dobrý (Good) | U.S. 'C' equivalent |
4 | Dostatečný (Sufficient) | U.S. 'D' equivalent |
5 | Nedostatečný (Insufficient) | Failing grade − U.S. 'E/F' equivalent |
Plus and minus signs are often used to further differentiate marks. For example, "2+" corresponds to the U.S. 'B+'. Half-intervals may also be used, such as "2–3", a grade halfway between 2 and 3.
At the university level, only grades 1, 2 and 3 are passing; anything worse than 3 is automatically a failing grade. Some universities use a six-point scale, with 'A' corresponding to "1", 'B' to "1–2", etc.
Denmark
The current scale, syv-trins-skalaen ("The 7-step-scale"), was introduced in 2007, replacing the old 13-skala ("13-scale"). The new scale is designed to be compatible with the ECTS-scale.
Syv-trins-skalaen consists of seven different grades, ranging from 12 to −3, with 12 being the highest. This new scale remains an "absolute" scale, meaning that, proportions are not taken into consideration.
Grade | ECTS Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
12 | A | Fremragende (Excellent) |
10 | B | Fortrinlig (Very good) |
7 | C | God (Good) |
4 | D | Jævn (Average) |
02 | E | Tilstrækkelig (Sufficient) |
00 | F | Utilstrækkelig (Insufficient) |
−3 | F | Ringe (Poor) |
Estonia
Percentage | Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
90−100 | 5 | Very good |
75–89 | 4 | Good |
50–74 | 3 | Passable |
20–49 | 2 | Not passable |
0–19 | 1 | Failed |
In universities:
Percentage | Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
91–100 | A | Excellent |
81–90 | B | Very good |
71–80 | C | Good |
61–70 | D | Satisfactory |
51–60 | E | Passable |
0–50 | F | Failed |
Tallinn University of Technology uses numerical grades from 5 (the highest) to 0 (the lowest) with the same percentages.
Finland
Several systems are in use in different educational institutions in Finland. The "school grade" system has historically been a scale of 0 to 10, but all grades lower than 4 have been discarded. Thus, it is now divided between 4, the failing grade, and 5–10, the succeeding grades. Upper secondary school has the same grades for courses and course exams as a comprehensive school but matriculation examination grades are in Latin. Universities and vocational institutions use a scale of 0 (fail) and 1–5 (pass) or fail/pass. Some schools e.g. Savon Ammatti- ja Aikuisopisto, uses grading from 0 (fail) and 1-3 (pass). The professor selects which grading scheme is used; short, optional courses typically have pass/fail grades.
France
In France, school grades typically range from either 0 (worst) to 20 (best) or, sometimes, from 0 (worst) to 10 (best). A mark below the average (10 out of 20 or 5 out of 10, depending on the scale) is usually a fail. For the French National High School Level (baccalauréat), a grade of 8–10 typically gives the right to take an additional oral exam in order to try to improve that average to 10 and pass. A grade between 10 and 12 is a simple pass (without grade); between 12 and 14 (more rarely 13–14) the grade is called "assez bien" (rather good); 14–16 is called "bien" (good); above 16 is "très bien" (very good). The "avec les felicitations du jury" does not exist anymore.
World Education Services grade equivalence between France and the U.S.[22]
Scale | US grade equivalent |
---|---|
14–20 | A |
12–13.9 | B+ |
11–11.9 | B |
10.5–10.9 | B− |
10 | C |
9–9.9 | C− |
8–8.9 | D |
0–7.9 | F |
Germany
In Germany, school grades vary from 1 (very good, sehr gut) to 6 (insufficient, ungenügend). In the final classes of German Gymnasium schools that prepare for university studies, a point system is used with 15 points being the best grade and 0 points the worst. The percentage causes the grade can vary from teacher to teacher,[citation needed] from subject to subject and from state to state. The percentages shown in the table are the ones used in the "Oberstufe" (final classes).
German Grade System | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage[citation needed] | Grades | Description | U.S. Equivalent* | ||
(Varies with school/subject) | Primary & Lower Secondary (1st−10th grade) | Upper Secondary (Gymnasium11th−12/13th grade) | Tertiary(Fachhochschule & Universität) | ||
91−100 | 1+ | 15 points | 1.0 | "sehr gut" (very good/ excellent: an outstanding achievement) | 4.0 |
1 | 14 points | 1.0 | 4.0 | ||
1- | 13 points | 1.3 | 3.7 | ||
81−90 | 2+ | 12 points | 1.7 | "gut" (good: an achievement that exceeds the average requirements considerably) | 3.3 |
2 | 11 points | 2.0 | 3.0 | ||
2- | 10 points | 2.3 | 2.7 | ||
66−80 | 3+ | 9 points | 2.7 | "befriedigend" (satisfactory: an achievement that fulfills average requirements) | 2.3 |
3 | 8 points | 3.0 | 2.0 | ||
3- | 7 points | 3.3 | 1.7 | ||
50−65 | 4+ | 6 points | 3.7 | "ausreichend" (sufficient: an achievement that fulfills the requirements despite flaws) | 1.3 |
4 | 5 points | 4.0 | 1.0 | ||
0−49 | 4- | 4 points | 5.0 | "mangelhaft" / "ungenügend" / "nicht bestanden" (insufficient / failed: an achievement that does not fulfill requirements due to major flaws) | 0.0 |
5+ | 3 points | ||||
5 | 2 points | ||||
5- | 1 point | ||||
6 | 0 points |
* This conversion scheme is intended as a guideline, as exact conversions may differ.
Greece
- Scale: 0.00–10.00 (0–100%)
- Pass (module): 5.00 (50%)
The table below depicts the Greek Grading system while illustrates approximately how the Grades are compared with ECTS, US and UK grades:
Greece (0.00–10.00) | ECTS | US (0.0–4.0 or 5.0)[23][24] | UK (0–100%)[25][26] |
---|---|---|---|
Ἀριστα (Excellent) (8.50–10.00) | ECTS A | A, A+ | First-Class Honours* (First or 1st) (70–100%) |
Λίαν Καλώς (Very good) (6.50–8.50) | ECTS B | B, B+, A− | Upper Second-Class Honours (2:1) (60%–69%) |
Καλώς (Good) (5.00–6.49) | ECTS C | C, C+, B− | Lower Second-Class Honours (2:2) (50–59%) |
No assessment/award at the end of 4th or 5th year, until all modules, from all years, are passed successfully. Years are extended. | C−, D | Third-Class Honours (Third or 3rd) (40–49%) | |
Withdrawal | F | Ordinary degree(Pass) (without Honours) (35–39%)[a] Fail (0–34%) |
For the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) the above grades are different: 9–10 is "excellent", 7–9 is "very good", 5–7 is "good", 0–4.9 is "fail".
Hungary
In Hungary, a five-point scale has been used since 1950. There is one failing grade: 1 – elégtelen (insufficient). In general, the lowest passing mark is either 50% or 60%, or one mark (point) higher. Passing grades are 2 – elégséges (sufficient or pass), 3 – közepes (mediocre or satisfactory), 4 – jó (good) and 5 – jeles (very good). The perfect overall performance is named kitűnő or kiváló (excellent).
The bare five-point scale is used almost exclusively for final grades at all educational levels (elementary school, high school, university). During the academic year, however, teachers may use various modifiers, especially in elementary school. A comma (,) after the grade has a minus effect ("alá", below), and an apostrophe (’) after the grade has a plus effect ("fölé", above); a grade halfway between two integers is indicated by the lower and higher one separated by a solidus: 3/4 ("háromnegyed") is equivalent to 3.5, and 4/5 is between 4 and 5, etc. Sometimes "5*", five starred ("csillagos ötös") is used to indicate outstanding performance throughout the semester (only in primary school, as it would be considered childish in secondary school).
Grade | Meaning (Hungarian) | Translation | Percentage (Pass= 50%+1 scale) | Percentage (Pass= 60% scale) | Common percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | Jeles/Ötös | Very Good | 91–100 | 90–100 | 86−100 |
4 | Jó/Négyes | Good | 81–90 | 80–89 | 75−85 |
3 | Közepes/Hármas | Satisfactory or Mediocre | 66–80 | 70–79 | 61−75 |
2 | Elégséges/Kettes | Pass or Sufficient | 51–65 | 60–69 | 51−60 |
1 | Elégtelen/Egyes | Fail or Insufficient | 0–50 | 0–59 | 0−50 |
Iceland
Universities in Iceland categorize their grades as follows
GPA | Name | Description |
---|---|---|
10−9.0 | Ágætiseinkunn | First Grade with distinction |
8.99−7.25 | Fyrsta einkunn | First Grade |
7.24−6.0 | Önnur einkunn | Second Grade |
5.99−5.0 | Þriðja einkunn | Third Grade |
In both elementary and high schools, grades were recently[when?] changed from 0-10 into the following:
Grade | Percentage | Description | Advanced description |
---|---|---|---|
A | 99+ | Excellent | The student shows outstanding ability in the field as a reference field of study described. On admission to a college, student has the ability to work on the second phase of the study stage. |
B+ | 82−93 | Very good | The student has achieved all learning outcomes with a score of A. Upon entry into the college, student has the ability to work on the second phase of the study stage. |
B | 65−81 | Good | The student shows good ability in the field as a reference field of the study described. On admission to a college, student has the ability to work on the subject area, but you may need to go to the extra phase in Icelandic, mathematics and English. |
C+ | 50−64 | Bad | The student has achieved all learning outcomes C and partly to the criteria of the rating of B. Upon entry into the college, student has the ability to work on the first phase of the study stage. |
C | 35−49 | Very bad | The student shows that he has, to some extent, the competence criteria describing learning division. On admission to a college, student has the ability to work on the first phase of the study stage. |
D | <34 | Fail | The student has not reached the competence assessment criteria to describe the subject area. On admission to a college, student has the ability to work on the first phase of the study stage and may need individualized. A student who gets D in two of the three main subjects to apply for a preparatory study − also applies to those who are marked * rating. |
O | 0 | Unworthy of marking |
Ireland
The two government regulated educational qualifications are the Junior Certificate (usually taken at 15/16) and the Leaving Certificate (usually taken at between the ages of 17 and 19).
Percentage | Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
85−100 | A | Excellent |
70−84 | B | Very good |
55−69 | C | Good |
40−54 | D | Pass |
25−39 | E | Fail |
10−24 | F | Fail |
0−9 | NG | Unworthy of marking |
Passing or failing the Junior Cert (or any exams in Irish secondary schools), has no bearing on whether or not students can graduate or continue on.
For the Leaving Certificate, a points system is used. Previously, this consisted of lettered and numbered grades (A1, A2, B1, B2), with each grade separated by 5%, bar an A1 which was given for a mark over 90%. However, this was updated for the 2016/2017 Leaving Cert cycle and these letters were replaced by H (higher level), O (ordinary level) and F (foundation level).[27] Each grade is separated by 10%. A maximum of 6 subjects are counted, with a possible 100 points in each subject. For students sitting the higher level maths paper, an extra 25 points can be obtained by getting a grade above a H6. In practice, most students take 7 or 8 subjects and their best 6 results are counted. Each subject has 2 or 3 levels: higher, ordinary and foundation. The points are:
Grade | Percentage | Higher Level Points | Ordinary Level Points | Foundation Level Points |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1/O1/F1 | 90–100 | 100 | 56 | 20 |
H2/O2/F2 | 80–89 | 88 | 46 | 12 |
H3/O3/F3 | 70–79 | 77 | 37 | 0 |
H4/O4/F4 | 60–69 | 66 | 28 | 0 |
H5/O5/F5 | 50–59 | 55 | 20 | 0 |
H6/O6/F6 | 40–49 | 44 | 12 | 0 |
H7/O7/F7 | 30–39 | 33 | 0 | 0 |
H8/O8/F8 | 0–29 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The points system allocates all university places in Ireland for Irish applicants.
Irish universities vary in their grading systems. For example, UCD (University College Dublin) awards letter grades and corresponding GPA values similar to the United States system, but 1, 2.1, 2.2 etc. for degrees, while TCD (Trinity College Dublin) awards all grades as 1, 2.1, 2.2 etc.[28]
Italy
In Italy, Primary and Mid School grades may vary from 10 (excellent) to 1 (impossible to assess), with passing being 6.
Percentage | Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
100 | 10 | Outstanding |
90–99 | 9 | Excellent |
80–89 | 8 | Very good |
70–79 | 7 | Good |
60–69 | 6 | Almost good |
50–59 | 5 | Almost pass |
33–49 | 4 | Bad |
30–39 | 3 | Very bad |
20–29 | 2 | Very, very bad |
0–19 | 1 | Impossible to assess |
When a professor wants to apply a more precise scale and ranking for students assessments, instead of using the full 1–10 scale (which would make the scale inconsistent with that of other professors), s/he may sometimes have recourse to a plethora of symbols and decimals: the range between 5 and 6 is then expressed, in ascending order, by 5+, 5½, and 6− (or 5/6, named "5 to 6"). The minimum passing is 6. As these symbols (except ½) have no clear mathematical value (usually ±0.25), calculating end-year averages can be somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent; therefore, there has been a push since 2008 with the Gelmini reform to uniform the system to the 1–10 scale.[29]
Before this reform, primary and secondary school grades used a different grading scale that expressed an assessment of the pupil's progress:
- Ottimo ("Excellent")
- Distinto ("Very Good")
- Buono (Good)
- Discreto (Fair)
- Sufficiente (Pass)
- Insufficiente (Fail)
A recent school reform provides for the average grade of a student to include the grade for behavior; as in academic subjects, acceptable ratings range from 6 to 10.
In universities, a point system is used for exams, with 30 points being the best grade and 18 the minimum passing grade. This stems from the practice that exams were traditionally given by 3 examiners. Each had to rate the student's examination performance on a 1–10 scale, and the final grade was the sum of the three ratings. On a 1–10 scale, passing is 6, so on a 1–30 scale the minimum passing grade is 3*6 = 18. Nowadays the form of each examination is decided by the professor[citation needed] (number of examiners, whether written, oral, or both, etc.), but the traditional grading system remained.
Degrees have an analogous point system, in which however the highest grade is 110. A cum laude notation (e lode in Italian) is used to augment the highest grade for both exams and degrees, in all its levels, to reflect truly outstanding performance.
Summary
- Primary and secondary school
- 10-point grading scale; highest result 10, pass result 6
- Licenza media (commonly known as "Terza media")
- 10-point grading scale; highest result 10 e lode, pass result 6
- Maturità
- 100-point grading scale; highest result 100 e lode, pass result 60
- University
- Exams: 30-point grading scale; highest result 30 e lode, pass result 18
- Laurea (bachelor's degree) and laurea magistrale (master's degree): 110-point grading scale; highest result 110 e lode, pass result 66
Kosovo
In Kosovo, grading is as follows:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
5 | Shkëlqyeshëm (Excellent) |
4 | Shumë Mirë (Very Good) |
3 | Mirë (Good) |
2 | Mjaftueshëm (Lowest passing grade) |
1 | Dobët (Failure) |
Latvia
The academic grading system in Latvia is using ten-point scale, where "10" (Latvian: desmit) is the highest achievable grade, and "1" (Latvian: viens) is awarded for extremely poor performance. The minimal passing grade is "4" (Latvian: četri). In most universities, to get the "4", you must acquire at least 50% correct on the work you hand in. Though some universities have a minimum passing grade of "5" (Latvian: pieci).
The absence of any kind of performance is indicated by "nv" (Latvian: nav vērtējuma 'no assessment possible'); in the past, The mark for absence of work was "0" (Latvian: nulle). Teachers in lower classes and for minor assignments in higher classes are encouraged to award one of two grades: "i" (Latvian: ieskaitīts 'counted') for a passing grade, and "ni" (Latvian: neieskaitīts 'not counted') for a failing grade. The grade of 10 is reserved for exceptional achievements. 9 is most commonly used for a United States equivalent of an A. In some cases, the grade can be rounded for example if a student got 67% the grade can sometimes be rounded to a 7.
Grade | Percentage | Description |
---|---|---|
10 | 100 | Izcili (Outstanding) |
9 | 90–99 | Teicami (Excellent) |
8 | 80–89 | Ļoti labi (Very good) |
7 | 70–79 | Labi (Good) |
6 | 60–69 | Gandrīz labi (Almost good) |
5 | 50–59 | Viduvēji (Satisfactory) |
4 | 40–49 | Gandrīz viduvēji (Almost satisfactory) |
3 | 30–39 | Vāji (Bad) |
2 | 20–29 | Ļoti vāji (Very bad) |
1 | 0–10 | Ļoti, ļoti vāji (Very, very bad) |
Lithuania
In Lithuania, the grading system was changed to a 10-point scale in 1993.[30] Prior to that, Soviet Lithuania had a 5-point grading scale. 10 is the highest achievable grade for excellent performance and 1 is the lowest. Usually, 1 is given when there is no work submitted at all (called kuolas in the academic jargon, meaning 'stake'); otherwise, most teachers keep 2 as the lowest grade and rarely mark work as 1.
The lowest grade for passing a subject in the secondary education institutions is 4, while in the higher education institutions 5 is the lowest passing grade.
Grade | Percentage | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
Secondary education | Higher education | ||
10 | 92–100 | Puikiai (Excellent) | Puikiai (Excellent) |
9 | 84–91 | Labai gerai (Very good) | Labai gerai (Very good) |
8 | 75–83 | Gerai (Good) | Gerai (Good) |
7 | 67–74 | Pakankamai gerai (Good enough) | Vidutiniškai (Average) |
6 | 58–66 | Patenkinamai (Satisfactory) | Patenkinamai (Satisfactory) |
5 | 50–57 | Pakankamai patenkinamai (Satisfactory enough) | Silpnai (Weak) |
4 | 40–49 | Silpnai (Weak) | Nepatenkinamai (Unsatisfactory) |
3 | 30–39 | Blogai (Poor) | |
2 | 20–29 | Labai blogai (Very poor) | |
1 | 0–19 | * |
Notes:
- *No answer provided, failed to complete the task (Lithuanian: Nieko neatsakė, neatliko užduoties).
Moldova
Moldova uses a 10-point scale system, 5 being the minimum grade for passing:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
10 | Excellent |
9 | Very good |
8 | Good |
6−7 | Satisfactory |
5 | Sufficient |
1−4 | Unsatisfactory |
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, grades from 1.0 up to 10.0 are used, with 1 being worst and 10 being best. One's score is determined by dividing the number of points acquired by the total amount. Then it is multiplied by 9 and one point is added. So if one scores a 58/64 on a test their score is calculated as following: 58 / 64 * 9 + 1 = 9.2. Sometimes points are deducted for the number of faults on a test (typically, on vocabulary or topographical tests with more than 10 questions, each fault will nonetheless lead to a reduction in score of one. So 2 faults on a 50 question vocabulary test would constitute an 8). The grades 9 and 10 are hardly ever given on large examinations (on average, a 9 is awarded in only 1.5%, and a 10 in 0.5% of the cases). Generally, either one or two decimal places are predominantly used in secondary and higher education. In primary education, fractions of grades are identified with a + or −, which signifies a quarter (converted to either 0.8 or 0.3 if only one decimal place is used). Thus, a grade of 6.75 (or 6.8) could be written as 7−, whereas a grade of 7+ would count for 7.25 or 7.3.
A 5.5 constitutes a pass, whereas 5.4 and below constitute a fail. If no decimal places are used, 6 and up is a pass and 5 and below is a fail; however, in this case of grading in full numbers there exists sometimes "6-", which would officially translate to 5.75, but can be interpreted here as "barely, but just good enough". Roughly, a student scores a 5.5 (pass) when 2/3 (67%) of an exam is correct. If the grade would be a 5.49 and one decimal is used, the 5.49 will be a 5.5, but if no decimals are used (usually at the end of the year) the 5.49 will end up as a 5 which indicates a fail.
Depending on the specific university, some students who finish their studies with an average of 8.0 or higher, could get the nomination cum laude (which is comparable with summa cum laude as awarded in Germany and the United States).
The grade scale with its labels:
Grade | Description | UK [31] | USA [31] |
---|---|---|---|
10 | Uitstekend (Excellent) | A* | |
9.5 | |||
9 | Zeer goed (Very good) | A* | |
8.5 | |||
8 | Goed (Good) | A | A |
7.5 | Ruim voldoende (More than sufficient) | A- | |
7 | B | B+ | |
6.5 | Voldoende (Sufficient) | C | B |
6 | D | C | |
5.5 | Matig (Mediocre) | E | D |
5 | Zwak (Weak) | F | |
4 | Onvoldoende (Insufficient) | ||
3 | Ruim onvoldoende (Strongly insufficient) | ||
2 | Slecht (Poor) | ||
1 | Zeer slecht (Very poor) |
North Macedonia
Primary and secondary education:
Grade | Letter Grade | Label | Description |
---|---|---|---|
5 | A | одличен (odličen) | Excellent – Best possible grade |
4 | B | многу добар (mnogu dobar) | Very good – Next highest grade/Above average |
3 | C | добар (dobar) | Good – Average performance |
2 | D | доволен (dovolen) | Sufficient – Lowest passing grade |
1 | E/F | недоволен (nedovolen) | Insufficient – Failing grade |
University grading:
Grade | Percentage | Description |
---|---|---|
10 | 91–100 | Exceptional |
9 | 81–90 | Excellent |
8 | 71–80 | Very good |
7 | 61–70 | Good |
6 | 51–60 | Sufficient – Lowest passing grade |
5 | 1–50 | Insufficient – Failing grade |
Norway
In primary school (Barneskole, from age 6 to 13) no official grades are given. However, the teachers write an individual comment or analysis on tests and at the end of every term.
Lower secondary school (Ungdomsskole; age 13–16) and upper secondary school (Videregående skole; age 16–19) use a scale running from 1 through 6, with 6 being the highest and 2 the lowest passing grade. It is not possible to fail a grade in Lower Secondary School, even 1 is a passing grade. For non-final tests and mid-term evaluations the grades are often post fixed with + or − (except 6+ and 1−). It is also common to use grades such as 5/6 or 4/3 indicating borderline grades. However, the grades students get on their diploma (Vitnemål), are single-digit grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. The student's non-weighted grade point average is also given on the Vitnemål.
In higher education, according to the ECTS-system, grades for undergraduate and postgraduate examinations are awarded according to a graded scale from A (highest) to F (lowest), with E as the minimum passing grade. The ECTS system was implemented at Norway's universities and colleges in the early 2000s, with most schools having converted to ECTS by 2003.
Before 2003, the formerly most common system of grades used at the university level was based on a scale running from 1.0 (highest) through 6.0 (lowest), with 4.0 being the lowest passing grade. The way the new Bologna system was introduced implies that students, who had started their studies while the old system still was in effect, will graduate with transcripts containing grades from both systems (i.e. both numbers and letters).
An academic year has two semesters, from August to December and from January to June, although exceptions occur. Courses are measured in "studiepoeng" according to the ECTS standard (European Credit Transfer System credits). A normal full-time study progression awards 60 credits (studiepoeng/stp) per year (30 per semester). Most institutions either use a 7.5, 8, 10, 12, 15 or 20 credit block system.
Poland
The most commonly used system in Polish grade schools is as follows (with usual corresponding score percentages):
Grade | Percentage[32] | Label | Description[32] |
---|---|---|---|
6 | 96-100 | cel (celujący) | Excellent (see below) |
5 | 86−95 | bdb (bardzo dobry) | Very good |
4 | 61−85 | db (dobry) | Good |
3 | 46−60 | dst (dostateczny) | Satisfactory |
2 | 31−45 | dop (dopuszczający) | Acceptable |
1 | 0−30 | ndst (niedostateczny) | Unsatisfactory |
The grade 'excellent' as a final grade is usually awarded for extracurricular merit. In examinations, it is sometimes awarded for a perfect or near-perfect score (100%+, for example by answering extra-credit questions).
Grades (especially expressed numerically) can be suffixed with + (plus) or - (minus). On rare occasions, the = (double minus, 'rails') is used, especially as 2= to express the very lowest passing grade.
Before 1990, grades 1 and 6 were not used. It was grade 2 that was called "insufficient". 3=, also called trzy na szynach (literally: three on rails) was the very lowest passing grade. The grade 6 might have been issued on very rare occasions.
Post-secondary institutions use a different system, usually consisting of the following grades (with usual corresponding score percentages):
Grade | Percentage | Label |
---|---|---|
5.0 | 91–100 | Bardzo dobry (very good) |
4.5 | 81–90 | Dobry plus (good plus) |
4.0 | 71–80 | Dobry (good) |
3.5 | 61–70 | Dostateczny plus |
3.0 | 51–60 | Dostateczny (satisfactory) |
2.0 | 0–50 | Niedostateczny (unsatisfactory) |
The scores corresponding to each grade vary greatly from institution to institution and from course to course, but usually, a score of 50% or 51% is required to obtain the lowest passing grade (3.0). The notations zal. (passed) and nzal. (not passed) are used when the course only requires attendance and/or is not important (such as sports).
Portugal
In Portuguese primary and middle schools, up until the 9th grade inclusive, the grading system is as follows:
Grade | Percentage | Description |
---|---|---|
5 | 90–100 | Very good or excellent – best possible grade |
4 | 70–89 | Good |
3 | 50–69 | Satisfactory – indicates average performance |
2 | 20–49 | Unsatisfactory |
1 | 0–19 | Poor – lowest possible grade |
From the 10th grade onwards, including tertiary education, a 20-point grading scale is used, with 10 passing grades and 10 failing grades, with 20 being the highest grade possible and 9.5, rounded upwards to 10, the minimum grade for passing. This 20-point system is used both for test scores and grades.
Romania
The system used in Romanian primary schools is as follows:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
Foarte Bine (FB) | Very good |
Bine (B) | Good |
Suficient/Satisfăcător (S) | Pass |
Insuficient/Nesatisfăcător (I) | Fail |
In secondary schools, high schools, and academic institutions, a 10-point scale is used, 5 being the minimum grade for passing:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
10 | Excellent |
9 | Very good |
8 | Good |
6–7 | Satisfactory |
5 | Sufficient |
1–4 | Unsatisfactory |
There is no 0. If a student scores 86%, he will be given a grade of 8.60, which will be rounded to a 9. Further, for a score of 94%, a grade of 9.40 is given that is rounded down to 9. The average of grades are not rounded, thus a student can earn an average grade of e.g. 9.55.
Russia
Most Russian educational institutions use a five-point grading scale:
Grade | Percentage | Label | Label (Anglicized) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 90% and above | Oтл (Отлично) | Otl (Otlìčno) | Very good or excellent – best possible grade |
4 | approximately 76–90% | Xор (Хорошо) | Khor (Khorošò) | Good |
3 | 60–75% | Уд (Удовлетворительно) | Ud (Udovletvorìtelno) | Satisfactory/Fair – passing grade |
2 | <59% | Hеуд (Неудовлетворительно) | (Nyeùd) Nyeudovletvorìtelno | Unsatisfactory – failing grade |
Qualifiers + and − are often used to add some degree of differentiation between the grades: e.g., 4+ is better than 4, but not quite as good as 5−. Grading varies greatly from school to school, university to university, and even teacher to teacher, even for courses that lend themselves to objective markings, such as mathematics and applied sciences. Even though the grades technically range from 1 to 5, 1 is not common and is rarely given for academic reasons—in many cases, a 1 is given as a result of failure to show up for or to complete an exam. A 2 grade usually means that the student showed no or little knowledge in a subject.
It may be worth mentioning that 1 is a fairly exotic grade in Russian schools, but it does officially exist. The generally used grades are 2 to 5. Plus (+) and minus (−) modifiers follow the same tendency; they are rarely used in middle school and almost never in colleges or universities. Some institutions and teachers, dissatisfied with the five-point scale, work with various larger ones, but these grading systems are not recognized by the state and require conversion for official use.
A considerably more complex grading system has been implemented for the recently introduced Unified state examinations. In this system, a "primary grade" is the sum of points for completed tasks, with each of the tasks having a maximum number of points allocated to it. The maximum total primary grade varies by subject so that one might obtain a primary grade of 23 out of 37 in mathematics and a primary grade of 43 out of 80 in French. The primary grades are then converted into final or "test grades" by means of a sophisticated statistical calculation, which takes into account the distribution of primary grades among the examinees. This system has been criticized for its lack of transparency.
At universities some subjects are graded "Pass/No pass" or "Credit/No Credit" (зачёт/незачёт, pronounced "zachòt/nyezachòt"); the rest are typically graded on the five-point scale. The "Pass/No Pass" grades do not have any official numeric representation. When zachòt – (credit- or pass-) type subjects are graded as "Pass/No pass", this represents a student's knowledge of a subject. Each university applies its own standards with respect to the knowledge a student must have in order to pass a subject. Zachòt equival to pass with mark of minimum 77% to maximum 100%. Students in Russia must pass all prescribed courses in order to graduate.[33]
Since the word zachòt can be translated variously into English (e.g. as "credit" or "pass"), this notation can create problems for Russian students applying to Western universities. Such grades may confuse Western universities and complicate the accurate calculation of students' GPAs in Western systems. For Western system "Pass" calculation recommended to perform based on averages. Western universities and equivalency organizations usually disregard zachòt, despite the fact that this notation is typically used for about half of a student's course results. Consequently, most Western GPA conversions of Russian degrees reflect only part of a candidate's coursework.[34]
All course examinations and zachot tests must be passed at the time each is given, as there are no repeats, resits or grade appeals. Hence only those who satisfy all the requirements during the allotted examination period for each semester graduate, leaving a huge number of students behind who in the West would have had a chance to resit examinations and even get their grades reconsidered. Furthermore, grades in Russia are determined not only by examination results but also by other criteria such as class attendance and participation, term papers and projects, in-class and homework assignments, laboratory reports, presentations, and sometimes even grooming and behavior. All these must be passed during the semester before a 'final examination mark' and final zachot is awarded.
Russian degrees do not have composite classifications such as in the British system of First Class, Upper/Lower Second Class, Third Class, Pass, etc. This is because each course is examined independently, students must pass all of them, and they do not add up or contribute to an average grade or 'class'. Another reason is that during the Russian Revolution, social stratification and classification were supposedly abolished in the interest of promoting social equality. Accordingly, all students would be expected to perform at or above the minimum level required to qualify and graduate. Calculation of an aggregate mark or GPA is not considered fair or even possible, as it would be felt to disregard much of a candidate's academic work. The zachòt notation would complicate such calculation, and the final thesis qualifying mark is usually considered as the final result. Students who have shown exceptional academic talent by getting 5's in most of their courses are awarded a 'degree with excellence', which comes in a special red cover.[33]
Serbia
Serbia has the same academic grading system of the Former Yugoslavia. In elementary schools and secondary schools, a five-point grading scale is used:
Grade | Letter Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
5 | A | одлично (odlično) | Excellent |
4 | B | врло добро (vrlo dobro) | Very good |
3 | C | добро (dobro) | Good |
2 | D | довољно (dovoljno) | Sufficient − lowest passing grade |
1 | F | недовољно (nedovoljno) | Insufficient − lowest possible grade/failing grade |
At the university the grade scale used is as follows:
Grade | Letter Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
10 | A+ | одлично (odlično) | Excellent |
9 | A | изузетно добар (izuzetno dobar) | Exceptionally good |
8 | B | врло добар (vrlo dobar) | Very good |
7 | C | добap (dobar) | Good |
6 | D | довољан (dovoljan) | Sufficient − lowest passing grade |
5 | F | недовољан (nedovoljan) | Insufficient − lowest possible grade/failing grade |
Slovakia
In Slovakia, a five-point grading scale is used in primary and secondary schools:
Grade | Description | US Equivalent Percentage |
---|---|---|
1 | Výborný (Excellent) – best possible grade | A (90−100) |
2 | Chválitebný (Commendable) | B (75−89%) |
3 | Dobrý (Good) | C (55−74%) |
4 | Dostatočný (Sufficient) | D (30−54) |
5 | Nedostatočný (Insufficient) – failing grade | F (0−29) |
Slovenia
In elementary schools and secondary schools, a 5-point grading scale is used:
- 5 (odlično, excellent, A)
- 4 (prav dobro, very good, B)
- 3 (dobro, good, C)
- 2 (zadostno, sufficient, D) is the lowest passing grade.
- 1 (nezadostno, insufficient, F) is the lowest possible grade, and the failing one.
Grade | Letter Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
5 | A | Odlično (Excellent) |
4 | B | Prav dobro (very good) |
3 | C | Dobro (good) |
2 | D | Zadostno (sufficient) − lowest passing grade |
1 | F | Nezadostno (Insufficient) − lowest possible grade/failing grade |
At the university level is used a 10-point scale grading system:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
10 | Exceptional results without or with negligible faults |
9 | Very good knowledge with some minor faults |
8 | Good knowledge with certain faults |
7 | Solid knowledge but with several faults |
6 | Knowledge only meets minimal criteria |
≤5 | Knowledge does not meet minimal criteria, the failing one |
Spain
In Spain, schools grades typically range either 0 (worst) to 10 (best). A mark below 5 is usually a fail. These grades are described as follows:[35]
Grade | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|
10 | Honors (Matrícula de honor) | It is the highest possible mark and typically only given to a reduced number of students who proved an exceptional performance. Distinctions may imply tuition waivers for the following course. |
9 | Outstanding (Sobresaliente) | Very good performance |
7–8 | Mention (Notable) | Medium-high performance |
5–6 | Pass (Suficiente) | Medium performance (in pre-university education, this tier is divided as 5 – Suficiente/Sufficient, Enough and 6 – Bien/Good) |
0–4 | Fail (Insuficiente) | The student did not succeed in passing the exam |
Sweden
Since the autumn of 2012, grades in Sweden have been given to students in the 6th grade and above. Previously, grades were given from the 8th grade for many years. Students below the 6th grade receive an estimation of their knowledge in each subject from their teachers. The current Swedish national grade scale has been used since 2011 and contains six grades which translate to a number of points, as shown below.
Points | Current scale | Old Scale |
---|---|---|
20 | A | MVG (Pass with Special Distinction) |
17.5 | B | − |
15 | C | VG (Pass with Distinction) |
12.5 | D | − |
10 | E | G (Pass) |
0 | F | IG (Fail) |
The grades A to E are passing grades, while F denotes failure. Grades A, C and E all have different requirements and the requirements for A are, naturally, the hardest to reach. The grades B and D are given when a student has met all the requirements for the grade below (E or C) and a majority of the requirements for the grade above (C or A).[36]
When a student reaches the end of the Swedish nine-year-school and Upper Secondary School, their 17 best grades and points are turned into a qualification value (max 340 points) which they use to apply for their next level of education.
Switzerland
Switzerland has a grading scheme from 1 to 6, where 6 is the highest, 1 the lowest, and 4 the minimum pass mark; anything below 4 designates insufficient performance.[37] It is used on all levels of education, such as primary schools, lower and higher secondary schools, universities, and vocational education.
Except this general pattern, the meaning and the calculation of the grades is subject to the respective cantonal office of education. The cantonal office of educations usually follow the following pattern:[38]
Grade | Description |
---|---|
6 | Very good (German: sehr gut, French: très bien, Italian: molto bene) |
5–6 or 5.5 | Good to very good |
5 | Good (gut, bien, bene) |
4–5 or 4.5 | Satisfying (befriedigend) |
4 | Sufficient (genügend, suffisant, sufficiente) |
3 | Insufficient (ungenügend, insuffisant, insufficiente) |
2 | Poor (schwach, mauvais) |
1 | Very poor (sehr schwach, très mauvais) |
A final mark can be any of the discrete number between 1 and 6, or anything between two of them usually rounded up or down to the next half or quarter value (.25, .5, .75), or to one or two digits behind the decimal point.
An oversimplified way to calculate a grade is: (acquired points/total points ) × 5 + 1 = grade.
Ukraine
Ukraine introduced a new grading system in autumn 2000,[39] which replaced the existing Soviet grading system.
The new system provides grades that lie between 1 and 12 and are matched with the five-point grade system that was used previously, as presented in the table below. 12 is the equivalent of an honors/AP course "A+" in the U.S. and is usually given only for outstanding achievement or exceptionally creative work. Hence 11 is the grade that would ordinarily correspond to A in the United States.
New System | Old System |
---|---|
12 | 5+ |
11 | 5 |
10 | 5− |
9 | 4+ |
8 | 4 |
7 | 4− |
6 | 3+ |
5 | 3 |
4 | 3− |
3 | 2+ |
2 | 2 |
1 | 1 |
United Kingdom
England
GCSE exams are graded as follows. Grade marks fluctuate based on national results.
Grade | Description |
---|---|
9 | The highest grade available. Equivalent to a high "A*" in the old grading system. |
8 | Equivalent to a low A* in the old grading system. |
7 | Equivalent to an A in the old grading system. |
6 | Equivalent to a B in the old grading system. |
5 | Equivalent to a high C in the old grading system. This is generally considered to be the preferred minimum grade to enter Level 3 courses. |
4 | Equivalent to a low C in the old grading system. This is generally considered the absolute minimum grade to enter Level 3 courses. |
3 | Equivalent to a D to a high E in the old grading system. |
2 | Equivalent to a low E to an F in the old grading system. |
1 | Equivalent to a G in the old grading system. |
0 | Equivalent to a U in the old grading system. This is awarded to those who failed the subject. |
X | This is awarded to those who were entered for a subject, but did not sit the examination(s). |
- A-Level
A-Level exams are graded as follows. Grade marks fluctuate based on national results.
Grade | Description |
---|---|
A* | The highest grade available. |
A | − |
B | Generally considered the minimum grade required to enter top universities. |
C | − |
D | − |
E | The lowest passing grade available. |
U | Awarded to students who failed the subject |
- Grading in universities
A degree may be awarded with or without honours, with the class of an honours degree usually based on a weighted average mark of the assessed work a candidate has completed. The degree classifications are:
- First class honours (1st)
- Second class honours, upper division (2:1)
- Second class honours, lower division (2:2)
- Third class honours (3rd)
- Ordinary degree (pass)
Scotland
Despite grade marks fluctuating based on national results, the Scottish Qualifications Authority grading scheme goes as follows for National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher:
Percentage | Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
70−100 | A | Highest grade |
60−69 | B | Very strong pass |
50−59 | C | Pass and be accepted by universities |
40−49 | D | Borderline: the student has not passed but was not far from passing indicating they should resit that course |
0−39 | No Award | The student has failed the course |
For National 3 and 4 courses in Scotland, the only grades are as follows:
Percentage | Grade |
---|---|
50−100 | Pass |
0−49 | Fail |
European academic grading
With the exception of Liechtenstein, which uses the Swiss grading system, and Moldova, which uses the Romanian grading system, the majority of European countries create their own academic grading standards. Most involve combinations of the key elements of grading, and all are used to evaluate students' performance on a scale of passing to failing (or comprehending to not comprehending material).
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
América del norte
Canada
Conversions by province from percentage marks to letter grades and correspondent grade points are as follows:
Alberta
Letter Grade | Percentage | Provincial standing | Notes _A+ is 97 or above |
---|---|---|---|
A | 90–100 | − | Final course grades in this range are annotated with Honors Standing in the Alberta Senior High School. |
B | 80–89 | Exceeds acceptable standard | |
C | 68–78 | Acceptable standard | |
D | 50–67 | Below acceptable standard/marginal pass; may not be sufficient to take a course at a higher level | |
F | 0–50 | Failing grade |
In Alberta's post-secondary colleges, technical institutes, or universities, the actual percentage associated with letter grade is up to the individual institution or professor teaching the course.
Letter Grade | Grade Points |
---|---|
A+ | 4.2 |
A | 3.9 |
A− | 3.7 |
B+ | 3.3 |
B | 3.0 |
B− | 2.7 |
C+ | 2.3 |
C | 2.0 |
C− | 1.7 |
D+ | 1.3 |
D | 1.0 |
E/F | 0.0 |
The 4.33 is scored as a 4.00 at the University of Alberta, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, MacEwan University, and the University of Calgary.[40]
There is no universal percentage grade associated with any letter grade in the Province of Alberta and such associations are made by professors or a bell curve. A student may be awarded an Honours designation on parchment if semester and cumulative grade point average of 3.7 is achieved on the first attempt of courses required towards graduation of major. In addition, students will need to complete graduation requirements within specific time restrictions. D is the minimum general passing letter grade to receive credit for a course. Certain faculties may require higher grades to receive course credit.
Some universities in Alberta have used a nine-point stanine grading scale: 9=A+, 8=A/A–, 7=B+/B, 6=B–/C+, 5=C, 4=D, 0 to 3=F.[41]
British Columbia
The following table is only an approximation; faculties within universities sometimes follow a different system for converting percentage marks to letter grades.[42]
The University of British Columbia uses a percentage grading scale.[43]
Simon Fraser University uses a 4.33-point grading scale.[44]
GPA | Letter Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
4.33 | A+ | Excellent |
4.00 | A | |
3.67 | A− | |
3.33 | B+ | Good |
3.00 | B | |
2.67 | B− | |
2.33 | C+ | Satisfactory |
2.00 | C | |
1.67 | C− | Marginal |
1.00 | D | |
0.00 | F | Failure |
Secondary schools in the School District 38 of Richmond use another grading scale.
GPA | Percentage | Letter grade | Description |
---|---|---|---|
4.0 | 86–100 | A | Excellent |
3.0 | 73–85 | B | Very good |
2.5 | 66–72 | C+ | Good |
2.0 | 60–65 | C | Satisfactory |
1.0 | 50–59 | C− | Minimally acceptable |
0 | 0–49 | I or F | Failure |
In some faculties, such as the School of Engineering Sciences program at its Faculty of Applied Sciences, a course grade score of a D is considered a fail if it is a prerequisite course.[45]
The University of Victoria uses a 9-point grading scale alongside a percentage-based system.[46]
GPA | Percentage | Letter Grade |
---|---|---|
9 | 90–100 | A+ |
8 | 85–89 | A |
7 | 80–84 | A− |
6 | 77–79 | B+ |
5 | 73–76 | B |
4 | 70–72 | B− |
3 | 65–69 | C+ |
2 | 60–64 | C |
1 | 50–59 | D |
0 | 0–49 | E/F/N |
Manitoba
The University of Manitoba uses a 4.5-point scale GPA system.[47]
GPA | Letter Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
4.50 | A+ | Exceptional |
4.00 | A | Excellent |
3.50 | B+ | Very good |
3.00 | B | Good |
2.50 | C+ | Satisfactory |
2.00 | C | Adequate |
1.00 | D | Marginal |
0.00 | F | Failure |
GPA is Calculated taking total "points" and divided by school credit hours.
Newfoundland and Labrador
In Newfoundland and Labrador at Memorial University:
Letter | Percentage |
---|---|
A | 80–100 |
B | 65–79 |
C | 55–64 |
D | 50–54 |
F | 0–49 |
Grade F is the sole failing mark.
Nova Scotia
In most Nova Scotia universities:
Letter | Percentage |
---|---|
A+ | 90–100 |
A | 85–89 |
A− | 80–84 |
B+ | 77–79 |
B | 73–76 |
B− | 70–72 |
C+ | 65–69 |
C | 60–64 |
C− | 55–59 |
D | 50–54 |
F | 0–49 |
Grade F is the sole failing mark.
Ontario
Percentage and grade equivalence[48]
Grade points for 1.0 credits | Percentage equivalency |
---|---|
A+ | 90–100 |
A | 85–89 |
A− | 80–84 |
B+ | 77–79 |
B | 73–76 |
B− | 70–72 |
C+ | 67–69 |
C | 63–66 |
C− | 60–62 |
D+ | 57–59 |
D | 53–56 |
D− | 50–52 |
R | 0–49 |
The University of Ottawa uses a grade point average system with numbers ranging from 0 to 10 despite many schools using the 12 point system.[49]
Official grading system at the University of Ottawa: Letter grade, numerical value, and percentage equivalency[50]
Letter Grade | Numerical Value | Percentage |
---|---|---|
A+ | 10 | 90–100 |
A | 9 | 85–89 |
A− | 8 | 80–84 |
B+ | 7 | 75–79 |
B | 6 | 70–74 |
C+ | 5 | 65–69 |
C | 4 | 60–64 |
D+ | 3 | 55–59 |
D | 2 | 50−54 |
E | 1 | 40–49 |
F | 0 | 0–39 |
Quebec, New Brunswick
In Quebec and New Brunswick universities:
Letter Grade | Grade Point | Description |
---|---|---|
A+ | 4.33 | Excellent |
A | 4.00 | |
A− | 3.66 | Very good |
B+ | 3.33 | |
B | 3.00 | |
B− | 2.66 | Good |
C+ | 2.33 | |
C | 2.00 | |
C− | 1.66 | Passable |
D+ | 1.33 | |
D | 1.00 | |
E | 0.00 | Failure (échec) |
This scale is used by at least UQTR. The Université de Montréal[51] scale is similar but goes from A+ to F. Université Laval[52] uses a similar 4.33 scale. UQAM,[53] Concordia University and Université de Sherbrooke uses a 4.3 scale. This scale is much alike many other scales used in Canada.
McGill University[54] and the École Polytechnique de Montréal[51] use a 4.0 scale. Université de Sherbrooke scale is from A+ to E.[55]
The percent equivalent of each grade and the passing mark can vary. The passing mark in high school and college is 60%.
Saskatchewan
The University of Saskatchewan and University of Regina both use a percentage grade system, universal across faculties and departments.[56][57]
Percentage | Letter grade equivalent | Description |
---|---|---|
90–100 | A+ | Exceptional/outstanding performance |
80–89 | A | Excellent/very good performance |
70–79 | B | Good/above average performance |
60–69 | C | Generally satisfactory, intellectually adequate performance |
50–59 | D | Barely acceptable performance |
0–49 | F | Unacceptable performance |
Mexico
Mexican schools use a scale from 0 to 10 to measure students' scores. Since decimal scores are common, a scale from 0 to 100 is often used to remove the decimal point.
In some universities, students who fail a subject have the option of taking an extraordinary test (examen extraordinario, often shortened to extra) that evaluates the contents of the entire period. Once the test is finished and the score is assessed, this score becomes the entire subject's score, thus giving failing students a chance to pass their subjects. Those who fail the extraordinary test have two more chances to take it; if the last test is failed, the subject is marked as failed and pending, and depending on the school, the student may fail the entire year.
Some private schools (particularly in higher levels of education) require a 70 to pass instead of the regular 60.
Grades are often absolute and not class-specific. It may be the case that the top of the class gets a final grade of 79. Curve-adjustment is rare. Grad-level students are usually expected to have grades of 80 or above to graduate. Students in the honor roll are usually those with an overall GPA of 90 or higher upon graduation, and some private universities will award them a "With Honors" diploma. Additionally, in some private universities, the pass scores are higher or lower depending from the kind of studies that are related with (for example, in some universities, in the case of Engineering, the minimum score is 7.3 and for Art, Sciences is 8.8) and lower than this score is not acceptable.
United States
The most popular and commonly used grading system in the United States uses discrete evaluation in the form of letter grades. Many schools use a GPA (grade-point average) system in combination with letter grades. There are also many other systems in place. Some schools use a scale of 100 instead of letter grades. Others, including many Montessori schools, eschew discrete evaluation in favor of pure discursive evaluation. There is no standardized system of grading in the United States. As such, those issues are left up to individual universities, schools and the regulatory authority of the individual states.
At most schools, colleges and universities in the United States, letter grades follow a five-point system, using the letters A, B, C, D and E/F, with A indicating excellent, C indicating average and F indicating failing. Additionally, most schools calculate a student's grade point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and averaging those numerical values. Generally, American schools equate an A with a numerical value of 4.0. Most graduate schools require a 3.0 (B) average to take a degree, with C or C− being the lowest grade for course credit. Most undergraduate schools require a 2.0, or C average to obtain a degree with a minimum of D or D− to pass a course. For most secondary schools, the minimum overall and course passes are both D or D−. Some districts, such as Mount Olive Township School District in New Jersey, have eliminated D as a passing grade for their students due to a high failure rate.[58]
Whereas most American graduate schools use four-point grading (A, B, C, and E/F), several—mostly in the west, especially in California—do award D grades but still require a B average for a degree qualification. Some American graduate schools use nine- or ten-point grading scales, formerly including the Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the University of Michigan, where 9.0 = A+, 8.0 = A, 7.0 = A−, and so on. (Rackham switched to a more conventional four-point scale in August 2013.)[59]
In a handful of states, GPA scales can go above 4.0.
The percentage needed in any given course to achieve a certain grade and the assignment of GPA point values varies from school to school, and sometimes between instructors within a given school. The most common grading scales for normal courses and honors/Advanced Placement courses are as follows:
Normal Courses | Honors/AP Courses | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Grade | Percentage | GPA | Percentage | GPA |
A | 90–100 | 3.667–4.000 | 94–100 | 4.500–5.000 |
B | 80–89 | 2.667–3.667 | 87–93 | 3.500–4.499 |
C | 70–79 | 1.667–2.667 | 80–86 | 2.500–3.499 |
D | 60–69 | 0.667–1.667 | 75–79 | 1.500–2.499 |
E/F | 0–59 | 0.000–0.667 | 0–74 | 0.000–1.499 |
Some states may use an alternate grading scale such as the following which is commonly used.
Grade | Percentage |
---|---|
A | 92–100 |
B | 84–91 |
C | 76–83 |
D | 68–75 |
E/F | 0–67 |
Whether a school uses E or F to indicate a failing grade typically depends on time and geography. Around the time of World War II, several states[which?] began to use E, while the majority of the country continued to use the F, which traces to the days of Pass/Fail grading (P and F). In recent years, some schools have begun using an N for failing grades, presumably to represent "No Credit". Another letter used to represent a failing grade is U, representing "unsatisfactory."
Chromatic variants ("+" and " − ") are used. In most 100-point grading systems, the letter grade without variants is centered around a value ending in five. The "plus" variant is then assigned the values near the nine digit and the "minus" variant is assigned the values near zero. Any decimal values are usually rounded. Thus, a score of 80 to 82 is a B−, a score 83 to 86 is a B and a score of 87 to 89 is a B+. The four-point GPA scale, the letter grade without variants is assigned to the integer. The "plus" and "minus" variants are then assigned to .3 above the integer and .3 below the integer, respectively. Thus, a B is equal to 3.0, a B+ is equal to 3.3, and a B− is equal to 2.7.[60]
The A range is often treated as a special case. In most American schools, a 4.00 is regarded as perfect and the highest GPA one can achieve. Thus, an A, being the prime grade, achieves the mark of a 4.00; for the A+ mark, most schools still assign a value of 4.00, equivalent to the A mark, to prevent deviation from the standard 4.00 GPA system. However, the A+ mark, then, becomes a mark of distinction that has no impact on the student's GPA. A few schools, however, do assign grade values of 4.33 or 4.30; but the scale is still called "4.0", because grading scales (or "quality indices") take their numerical names from the highest whole number.
In many American high schools, students may also score above 4.0 if taking advanced, honors, Advanced Placement, or International Baccalaureate classes (for example, a "regular" A would be worth four points, but an A earned in an advanced class might be worth 4.5 or 5 points towards the GPA.).[61] This is called a weighted GPA and is designed to reward students for taking more advanced courses. Although weighting GPAs is a widespread practice in the United States, there is little research into whether weighted GPAs are better than unweighted GPAs. In one study, weighted GPAs were not suitable for predicting any college outcomes, but unweighted GPA were strong predictors of college GPA.[62]
There has been dispute[citation needed] over how colleges should look at grades from previous schools and high schools because one grade in one part of the country might not be the equivalent of a grade in another part of the country. In other words, an "A" might be 90–100 somewhere, and a 94–100 somewhere else. In middle and high schools that do not use a system based on academic credit, the grade point average is computed by taking the mean of all grades. In colleges and universities that use discrete evaluation, the grade-point average is calculated by multiplying the quantitative values by the credit value of the correlative course and then dividing the total by the sum of all credits.
For example:
Class | Credits | Grade | Grade Points |
Speech 101 | 3 | A | 3 × 4.0 = 12.0 |
Biology 102 | 4 | B+ | 4 × 3.3 = 13.2 |
History 157 | 3 | B− | 3 × 2.7 = 8.1 |
Physical Education 104 | 1 | C | 1 × 2.0 = 2.0 |
- Total Credits: 11
- Total Grade Points: 35.3
- Grade Point Average: 35.3 / 11 = 3.209 or slightly below B+
In a standards-based grading system, a performance standard is set by a committee based on ranking anchor papers and grading rubrics, which demonstrate performance which is below, meeting, or exceeding the "standard.".[citation needed] This standard is intended to be a high, world-class level of performance, which must be met by every student regardless of ability or class, although they are actually set by a committee with no reference to any other national standard[citation needed] Levels are generally assigned numbers between zero and four. Writing papers may be graded separately on content (discussion) and conventions (spelling and grammar). Since grading is not based on a curve distribution, it is entirely possible to achieve a grading distribution in which all students pass and meet the standard. While such grading is generally used only for assessments, they have been proposed for alignment with classroom grading. However, in practice, grading can be much more severe than traditional letter grades. Even after ten years, some states, such as Washington, continue to evaluate over half of their students as "below standard" on the state mathematics assessment.
Here is another example of a commonly used grading scale, currently in place at Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota. The Grade Point Average is not the traditional four-point scale, but uses the 12-point scale for unweighted classes and the 15-point scale for weighted classes:
Grade | Percentage |
---|---|
A+ | 97–100.00 |
A | 93–96 |
A− | 90–92 |
B+ | 87–89 |
B | 83–86 |
B− | 80–82 |
C+ | 77–79 |
C | 73–76 |
C− | 70–72 |
D+ | 67–69 |
D | 63–66 |
D− | 60–62 |
F | 59 and under |
The 12-point GPA scale works as follows. Students receive 12 points for an A or A+, 11 points for an A−, 10 points for a B+, etc. for each grading period. Once a grading period is complete, the student's total grade points are divided by the total number of credits and a GPA is generated.
For example, here is one term of grades and a grade point average from a student whose school uses the 86-minute block schedule (such as Wayzata High School):
Class | Grade Points |
---|---|
Math 4X (1 credit) | 95.06/A = 12 |
Chemistry X (1 credit) | 87.39/B+ = 10 |
Symphonic Band (1 credit) | 99.76/A+ = 12 |
AP United States History (1 credit) | 92.57/A− = 11 |
Total | 45 Grade Points/4 Credits = 11.25 (Slightly better than A−, equivalent to 3.75) |
Standards-based grading
Standards-based grading is a well-known practice of assessment. It provides students with learning expectations and an in depth way of evaluation students.[63] It is not the most common assessment method but it provides students with developmental feedback. Researchers have determined that students who were previously exposed to standards-based grading reflected higher performance.[64]
Alternative grading methods
Alternative grading methods offer a diverse way of assessing student progress. Recent studies reveal that alternative grading methods may lead to more applicable growth opportunities for students over time. These methods can include portfolios, narrative evaluations, contract grading, developmental meetings and verbal feedback. These methods provide insight to evaluation methods and emphasize student progress and improvement.[65] Some alternative grading methods include contract grading, the Waldorf assessment style, and narrative evaluation.
Contract grading emphasizes learning behaviors. Most students are accepting of contract grading; however, the data shows that less than half of students noted they found it helpful and less stressful than letter grades. Most students that dislike this method were advanced students and found the process to be repetitive.[66]
The Waldorf assessment style consists of developmental meetings and an evaluation letter. Waldorf grading methods focused more on what they were learning rather than how well each student applied it.[65] It emphasizes positive feedback and progress. Some people may label it as unstructured, others may describe it as a personalized and relaxed style of learning and assessment. Waldorf philosophy strongly reiterates the growth and improvement of the students.
Narrative evaluation can be defined as detailed written feedback. Studies show that over half of students really like narrative evaluation.[67] It focuses on improvement and provides personal detail of how students have grown. It allows for more personalized feedback and eliminates the competitive nature of students to compare themselves to their classmates.
Oceanía
Australia
Both NAPLAN and final year secondary school gradings are specified in "Bands", approximately as follows:
Marks | Band |
---|---|
90–100 Marks | Band 6/Exemplary |
80–89 | Band 5 |
70–79 | Band 4 |
60–69 | Band 3 |
50–59 | Band 2 |
0–49 | Band 1 |
During the final year of high school, Extension subjects, such as Mathematics (Extension 1) and Mathematics (Extension 2), are marked out of fifty, rather than the normal 100 marks, and thus, have slightly different criteria:
Mark | Band |
---|---|
45–50 Marks | Band E4 |
35–44 | Band E3 |
25–34 | Band E2 |
0–24 | Band E1 |
The majority of Australian tertiary institutions use the following grading structure:
Grade | Percentage | Description |
---|---|---|
HD | 85+ | High Distinction |
D | 75–84 | Distinction |
Cr | 65–74 | Credit |
P | 50–64 | Pass |
F | ≤49 | Fail |
Some other Australian universities have a marking system similar to the Honours system used by British universities:
Grade | Percentage | Description |
---|---|---|
H1 | 80+ | First Class Honours |
H2A | 75–79 | Second Class Honours (A Division) |
H2B | 70–74 | Second Class Honours (B Division) |
H3 | 65–69 | Third Class Honours |
P | 50–64 | Pass |
N | <50 | Fail |
Many courses also have Non-Graded Pass (NGP) and Non-Graded Fail (NGF), in which it is considered more appropriate to have qualitative than quantitative assessment. However, in some universities, an F1 category may be given a 'Pass Conceded' if the student's Weighted Average is greater than a nominated threshold. (More often than not, this is around the 53–55 range.)
Grade-point averages are not generally used in Australia below a tertiary level but are important for selection into graduate entry courses such as Medicine and Law. They are calculated according to the more complicated formula than some other nations, and may be customized for the particular course application when used as entry criteria into graduate entry degrees:
Grade Point Average (GPA) = Sum of (grade points × course unit values) / total number of credit points attempted, in which grade points are as follows:
- High Distinction = 7
- Distinction = 6
- Credit = 5
- Pass = 4
- Fail level 1 = 1
- Fail level 2 = 0
At some universities, among them Macquarie University, University of Technology, Sydney, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)[68] and Monash University in Melbourne, a GPA is calculated, with 4.0 being a High Distinction; 3.0 a Distinction, 2.0 a Credit, and 1.0 a pass. In certain faculties, such as law, it is, therefore, possible to graduate with "honours" with a GPA of less than 2.5. Whenever a course result is a Non-Graded Pass, the result will normally be disregarded in GPA calculations.
The term course unit values is used to distinguish between courses that have different weightings e.g. between a full year course and a single semester course.
The grading of secondary school graduates varies from state to state, but in most states, the ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank) system determines which students are offered positions in tertiary courses. Government Supported Positions are offered to applicants for a course who are ranked above a particular ATAR threshold, which commonly varies from course to course, institution to institution, and year to year. (An example of this is an ATAR of 85 for Civil Engineering at the University of New South Wales.[69]) A student's ATAR signifies that student's rank relative to their year 7 cohort, including students that did not complete year 12. A student with an ATAR of 80.00, for example, has performed, in their final year of secondary schooling, better than 80 percent of that student's year 7 cohort, had all those years 7 students completed year 12 and been eligible for an ATAR.
On the other hand, graduating Year 12 students in Queensland are given an Overall Position (OP) from 1 to 25, with 1 being the highest band. OPs are calculated from a student's grades in their year 12 (and in some cases, year 11) courses, and also from Student Achievement Indicators (SAIs) which are allocated by the student's teachers.[70]
New Zealand
Most New Zealand secondary schools use the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) marking schedule, even in pre-NCEA years for commonality. There are four grades, from lowest to highest, Not Achieved (N/A or N), Achieved (A), Achieved with Merit (M), and Achieved with Excellence (E). These can also be marked at certain levels for junior exams and general assignments as well as exams once the student has started NCEA. The grading for these specific marks are as follows, Not Achieved minus (N/A1 or N1), Not Achieved plus (N/A2 or N1), Achieved (A3), Achieved plus (A4), Merit (M5), Merit plus (M6), Excellence (E7) and Excellence plus (E8). It is possible to get an achieved, merit or excellence minus, but would be marked as the first number used for the grade. The difference between an achieved plus and merit minus is simply if the student has applied all of the achieved requirements but not enough merit requirements or has applied all of the achieved requirements and just enough merit requirements to reach merit. However, these grades are often check marked if that is the case and regardless of whether the student got a merit minus or straight merit, they will be rewarded with merit level credits for the assessment. The minority of schools using other secondary school qualifications (usually CIE or IB) have different grades. Grading at tertiary institutions generally centers around a letter scale, with a corresponding nine-point GPA scale (C−=1, A+=9).
Sudamerica
Argentina
In Argentina, the GPA is calculated quarterly, each semester, or annually. Grades usually range from 1 to 10. The passing mark is typically 70% or around two thirds, which in secondary school is represented by a grade of 7.
Depending on the university, admittance may require:
- Completion of secondary school.
- A common basic year to all degrees or an entrance exam for some of the more popular degree programs.
University grades are also on a scale of 1 to 10, but a passing mark is represented by 4, which usually corresponds to a mark of 70-75%, or higher.
Brazil
In Brazil, the GPA – known as Coeficiente de Rendimento, or Índice de Rendimento Acadêmico – is calculated per semester or per year or both. The High School GPA is almost never used for college entrance evaluation in public universities (state funded and free of charge). To enter state colleges, Brazilian students must attend to entrance exams called vestibulares. The most famous ones are FUVEST, the entrance exam for University of São Paulo, and ENEM, a national exam that ranks high school students to be accepted by federal funded colleges. The private college system also apply entrance exams, but some might use the GPA as an evaluation method. During college, the GPA is calculated as a weighted average of grade and course hours and has a bigger importance than in high school as it determines the priority in receiving scholarships, for example.
The majority of schools adopt a 0.00 (worst) to 10.00 (best) scale for grading, and some of the Brazilian schools adopt the following grading system:
Grade | Letter Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
9.0 – 10.0 | A | Very Good |
8.0 – 8.9 | B | Good |
7.0 – 7.9 | C | Satisfactory |
6.0 – 6.9 | D | Suficient |
< 6.0 | E | Fail |
A grade below 6.0 (60%) is a fail, although some schools have passing criteria of 7.0 (70%).
Chile
Grades are assigned with a numeric scale from 1.0 to 7.0, including at least one decimal, with 4.0 as the lowest passing grade (equivalent to either 50%, 60% or even 70%, depending on the teacher). Everything under a 4.0 is considered a "red mark," which equates to failing. For the PSU, Prueba de Selección Universitaria (UST, University Selection Test), the scale goes from 150 to 850 points. The points follow a normal distribution, being 500 the average result. Depending on the university and the major, the student will need a minimum score to get accepted. The final score will depend on the points obtained in each test: Mathematics and Linguistics (both mandatory); Natural Sciences and History (only one of them mandatory) and the NEM score, Notas de Enseñanza Media (High School Grades which is the same as GPA) converted into the PSU Scale.
Numerical system from 1.0 to 7.0:
Numerical System | U.S. Equivalent |
---|---|
6.75−7.00 | A+ |
6.50−6.74 | A |
6.25−6.49 | A− |
6.00−6.24 | B+ |
5.75−5.99 | B |
5.50−5.74 | B− |
5.25−5.49 | C+ |
5.00−5.24 | C |
4.75−4.99 | C− |
4.50−4.74 | D+ |
4.25−4.49 | D |
4.00−4.24 | D− |
1.00−3.99 | F |
Colombia
The most used grading systems are the numerical from 0 to 5 or from 0 to 10 and commonly are approved with 3 or 6, respectively. The letter system consists of E, S, B, A, I and is approved with A. The letter system is based on the numerical, meaning that the numerical system guides the letter one. While the universities only use the numerical system, with 3.0 being the passing grade, because it is more complex and students have more difficulty in approving a course. (Source: 1)
Numerical system from 0 to 5:
Numerical System | Letter Grade | U.S. Equivalent |
---|---|---|
4.5–5.0 | Excelente (E) | A |
4.0–4.4 | Sobresaliente (S) | A– |
3.5–3.9 | Bueno (B) | B+, B |
3.0–3.4 | Aceptable (A) | C, C– |
0.0–2.9 | Insuficiente (I) | D, F |
Numerical system from 0 to 10:
Numerical System | Letter Grade | U.S. Equivalent |
---|---|---|
9.0–10 | Excelente (E) | A |
8.–8.9 | Sobresaliente (S) | A– |
7.0–7.9 | Bueno (B) | B+, B |
6.0–6.9 | Aceptable (A) | C, C– |
0.0–5.9 | Insuficiente (I) | D, F |
It is noteworthy that most schools no longer implement the grades below 1,0 as a null performance because is believed that it might cause low self-esteem in students.
Ecuador
In Ecuador, the rating system is 10 out of 10, including two decimal places in both primary, secondary and university, the highest score is 10 and the lowest is 1. The minimum grade required to pass a year is 7, depending on how schools are organized. Since 2012 enjoy complete autonomy in Ecuador, so that some establishments maintain supplementary examination for those with less than 7, and other approved intensive recovery, but if the grade obtained is lower than 5, students are automatically disqualified and disciplinary actions are taken. If a student got 10 out of 10 in 90% of subjects in the first period, he is promoted to a senior year, after taking an entrance examination. Notes and academic qualifications and groups them reasoning thus:
- 10–9.5 = Rated Excellent (A)
- 9.4–9.0 = Rated Outstanding (B)
- 8.9–8.0 = Very good credit rating (C)
- 7.9–6.5 = Rating Sufficient or Good Sufficient (D)
- 6.4–5.1 = Fail failing grade with Recovery option or supplementary examination (E)
- 5.0–1.0 = Fail automatically (F)
Grade | Letter Grade | Description |
---|---|---|
9.5–10 | A | Excellent |
9.0–9.4 | B | Outstanding |
8.0–8.9 | C | Very good credit rating |
6.5–7.9 | D | Sufficient |
5.1–6.4 | E | Failing grade with recovery option or supplementary examination |
1.0–5.0 | F | Fail automatically |
This system is still applied to universities, the "Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE)" being the only exception, as they do not allow their students to take supplementary exams after every course.
Paraguay
The grades vary from 1 to 5, where 5 is the maximum grade achievable and 1 the lowest. The minimum for a pass is 2 (equivalent to 60%).
Grade | Description |
---|---|
5 | Excellent |
4 | Very good |
3 | Good |
2 | Acceptable |
1 | Fail |
Peru
Grades range from 0 to 20, in an almost unique grading table. The passing grade is 11 in most schools and universities. In some preschool facilities, grades usually range from F to A+, following the American system, and in a few colleges, the passing grade is 10.
For most Peruvian universities the grading system is as follows:[71][72]
Numerical System | Description | U.S. Equivalent |
---|---|---|
14.00–20.00 | Excelente | A |
11.99–13.99 | Muy bueno | B |
11.00–11.99 | Aprobado | C |
10.00–10.99 | Aplazado | D |
0.00–9.99 | Desaprobado | F |
Uruguay
In Uruguay, high grades are very hard to achieve. In primary school, grades range in this order:
Grade | Description |
---|---|
Sobresaliente (S) | Outstanding, the highest grade. Also commonly called "sote" |
Sobresaliente Muy Bueno (SMB) | Excellent |
Muy Bueno Sobresaliente (MBS) | Very good, almost excellent |
Muy Bueno (MB) | Very good |
Muy Bueno Bueno (MBB) | Good, almost very good |
Bueno Muy Bueno (BMB) | Good |
Bueno (B) | Approved |
Bueno Regular (BR) | Not approved |
Regular Bueno (RB) | Requires much more work |
Regular (R) | Very bad job, the lowest grade |
In secondary school, grades range from 1 to 12. 1 is the lowest and 12 is the highest. Passing an exam or course requires 6 out of 12 in high school or at a private university (although some subjects in secondary school require a grade of 7 or 8 to pass), and 3 out of 12 at a public university. In high school, a 6 corresponds to 50% on an exam or in a course while in a public university, a 3 corresponds to 60% in a course or exam. Grades of 10, 11, and 12 are considered excellent. Some private universities grade their students on a percentage basis, generally setting the passing benchmark between 60% and 70%.
Because of the acronym of the word "Sobresaliente" (Ste.), it is usually pronounced "Sote".
Venezuela
Grades in Venezuela may vary according to the education level, but normally the grading system is numerical, and ranges from 00 to 20, 00 being the lowest and 20 being the highest, and 10 being the pass mark, equivalent to a "D" in the United States. This system is not required, however, and several schools in Venezuela deviate from it by following a letter-grade system similar or identical to those in the United States.
Shown here is the Venezuelan grading system in probable comparison with the United States grading system:
Venezuelan Grade | U.S. Percentage Equivalent | U.S. Grade Equivalent |
---|---|---|
18–20 | 90–100 | A (excellent, highest mark) |
14–17 | 80–89 | B (good, second to highest mark) |
12–13 | 70–79 | C (average) |
10–11 | 60–69 | D (lowest passable mark) |
01–09 | 0–59 | E/F (failure) |
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