Glosario de términos de contratos puente

Estos términos se utilizan en el puente de contrato , ^[1]^[2] mediante duplicado o puntuación de goma . Algunos de ellos también se utilizan en whist , bid whist , el obsoleto juego de subasta de bridge y otros juegos de trucos . Este glosario complementa el Glosario de términos de juegos de cartas .

En las siguientes entradas, los enlaces en negrita son externos al glosario y los enlaces simples hacen referencia a otras entradas del glosario.

0–9

3014 or 3014 RKCB: A mnemonic for the original (Roman) response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "3 or 0" and "1 or 4", meaning that the lowest step response (5♣) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has three or zero keycards and the next step (5♦) shows one or four.
1430 or 1430 RKCB: A mnemonic for a variant response structure to the Roman Key Card Blackwood convention. It represents "1 or 4" and "3 or 0", meaning that the lowest step response (5♣) to the 4NT key card asking bid shows responder has one or four keycards and the next step (5♦) shows three or zero.
1RF: One round force.
2-under preempts: A 2 or 3-level conventional opening bid made two steps below the opener's suit: for example, 2♦ to show a weak two bid in spades or 3♣ to show a three-level preempt in hearts. If 2♣ is a strong, artificial force, 2♥ is natural.
4SF: Fourth suit forcing.
8421: Contar puntos por medio de 8421 significa contar un as por 8 puntos, un rey por 4, una reina por 2 y una jota por 1 punto. Por ejemplo, cuando una oferta se interpreta como "5-8421 PH en S" , esto significa que se espera que el postor tenga 5 puntos o menos en espadas, contando un as como 8 puntos, etc.

A

Puntaje de puente de goma

Sobre la línea: En el puente de goma , la ubicación en el marcador sobre la línea horizontal principal donde se ingresan los puntos adicionales; los puntos extra son aquellos otorgados por tener cartas de honor en triunfos, por bonificaciones por anotar un juego, un pequeño slam, un grand slam o ganar una goma, por sobrerricks en el lado declarante y por underrticks en el lado defensor y por cumplir contratos duplicados o redoblados. Los puntos otorgados por el contrato de trucos impares ofertados y realizados se ingresan debajo de la línea . Consulte Puntuación del puente .
ACBL: American Contract Bridge League, the sport governing body for bridge in North America – defined as Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States – and the sponsoring organization of North American Bridge Championships (NABC). Its members are players, grouped in regional districts and local units for some purposes. Contrast USBF.
Acol: An approach–forcing, natural bidding system, based on a weak NT and 4-card majors, popular in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
Active

An approach to defending a hand that emphasizes quickly setting up winners and taking tricks. Contrast Passive.
Un enfoque de licitación competitiva que enfatiza la interferencia frecuente con las secuencias de licitación de los oponentes.

Puntaje ajustado: En puente duplicado , una puntuación otorgada por el Director (cuando las leyes lo autoricen ) para reparar el daño a un lado no infractor y quitar cualquier ventaja obtenida por un lado infractor a través de una infracción . Puede ser "asignado" (ponderado para reflejar las probabilidades de una serie de resultados potenciales) o "artificial" (de otro modo). Los puntajes otorgados a los dos lados no necesitan equilibrarse.
Oferta de referencia anticipada: El cue bid de un control de primera ronda que se produce antes de que una sociedad haya acordado una cepa .
Sacrificio anticipado: A sacrifice bid made before the opponents have had an opportunity to determine their optimum contract. For example: 1♦ - (1♠) - Dbl - (5♠).
Advancer: Overcaller's partner, especially one who bids following the overcall.
Adverse vulnerability: Vulnerable against non-vulnerable opponents. Also called "unfavorable vulnerability".
Aggregate scoring: Deciding the outcome of a contest by totaling the raw points gained or lost on each deal. Also called "total point scoring".
Agree: For a partnership to come to a decision, explicitly, conventionally or by implication, on the denomination in which to play a hand.
Agreement: Un entendimiento entre los socios en cuanto al significado de una llamada en particular o una jugada defensiva. Hay dos tipos de acuerdos de llamada: (1) cuando la llamada es natural , se dice que el acuerdo es un tratamiento y (2) cuando la llamada es artificial , se dice que el acuerdo es una convención .
Aire, como "en el aire"

	♥ K Q 5 4
♥ A 7 6 2	W N ↑ S ↓ E	♥ J 10 9 3
	♥ 8

(Argot) Para ganar una baza con una carta alta mientras captura solo cartas pequeñas, comúnmente se dice de una jugada defensiva. En el ejemplo de la derecha, cuando Sur lidera el ♥ 8, Oeste debe tomar el ♥ A en el aire, o arriesgarse a no hacer trucos de corazón. Sin embargo, la mejor defensa en una mano determinada puede requerir esquivar al ganador o jugarlo en el aire.
Golpe de Alcatraz: Intento intencional y poco ético del declarante de localizar una carta delicada revocando. Si la jugada es involuntaria, no obstante, está sujeta a un ajuste de puntuación .
Alerta: Un método para informar a los oponentes que la llamada del compañero tiene un significado que tal vez no esperaban. Las organizaciones patrocinadoras establecen reglas sobre qué llamadas deben ser alertadas y cómo; se puede autorizar cualquier método de alerta, como decir "Alerta", mostrar una tarjeta de Alerta de un cuadro de licitación o llamar a la mesa. Independientemente de si se alerta una llamada, cualquier oponente puede preguntar su significado, ya sea en su turno o después del final de la subasta. El jugador que hizo la llamada puede contribuir a su explicación solo después del remate y solo si es declarante o muerto. Se aplican reglas ligeramente diferentes cuando se utilizan pantallas .
Anuncio: Un método para informar rápidamente a los oponentes que la llamada del compañero tiene un significado particular. Los propósitos de los anuncios y las alertas son similares, pero un anuncio da el significado donde una alerta puede incitar a los oponentes a preguntar el significado. Las organizaciones patrocinadoras establecen reglas sobre las convocatorias que deben anunciarse. La ACBL especifica anuncios que incluyen "Transferencia" para algunas respuestas de transferencia a ofertas de Trump, el rango de puntos como "15 a 17" para una oferta de apertura de un NT y "Forzar" o "Semi-forzar" para una respuesta de 1NT a una oferta de apertura de traje mayor.
Antiposicional: Una llamada es antiposicional si tiende a convertir al socio "equivocado" en el declarante. Si Oeste abre la subasta, puede ser mejor para Sur declarar un contrato Norte-Sur, de modo que Oeste tendrá que jugar con sus cartas altas en la apertura inicial. Este posicionamiento puede proteger las posesiones de South . En ese caso, una llamada que hará que el Norte sea declarante es antiposicional. Ver el lado equivocado .
Apelación: En los torneos, apelar es solicitar que un comité revise una decisión tomada por un director.
Aproximación - forzando: Un principio, utilizado por primera vez en el sistema Culbertson , que ha sobrevivido en la licitación moderna. La idea original era abandonar las ofertas indiscriminadas de Trump que caracterizaban el puente de subastas en favor de un intercambio de información más lento a través de la licitación.
Flecha: Un marcador, generalmente una carta grande con una flecha, que muestra qué dirección se trata como Norte en una mesa en un evento duplicado.
Interruptor de flecha: La acción de cambiar la dirección norte durante un evento, típicamente para la última ronda de un movimiento Mitchell , de modo que las parejas que estaban Norte-Sur se conviertan en Este-Oeste y viceversa. Esto permite determinar una única pareja ganadora.
Artificial

Una llamada que no es natural que por acuerdo lleva un significado codificado que no necesariamente está relacionado con la denominación de la llamada (o de la llamada anterior).
Un sistema de licitación que contiene muchas de estas convocatorias.

Hacer una oferta: Una oferta que, por acuerdo previo, solicita información sobre una característica de la mano del compañero: por ejemplo, número de controles , longitud del palo o control de un palo en particular.
Líder de ataque: Una ventaja que instiga una defensa activa ; a menudo, la ventaja de un honor de una secuencia, o una defensa forzada .
Actitud: A defender's desire, or lack thereof, for his side to continue playing a suit. By means of signals, defender encourages or discourages the continuation of the suit.
Auction

See bidding.
Auction bridge, an earlier form of bridge, differing from today's contract bridge chiefly in the scoring. Most notably, overtricks counted the same as tricks bid and made, so they were scored below the line and any contract, no matter how low, could produce a game or slam bonus.

Austrian System: Another name for Vienna System.

Autobridge, a device for learning bridge

Autobridge: Una variante de bridge por contrato para que juegue una sola persona; alternativamente, un medio para que uno aprenda o practique el juego solo. La información de cada oferta está preimpresa en una hoja de papel con un diseño especial. Dicho "trato" se carga en una plantilla mecánica (ver imagen a la derecha) que el operador-jugador manipula de forma selectiva y secuencial para revelar parte de la información. Las ofertas de papel se distribuyen en juegos numerados de "Recargas de Autobridge".
Apriete automático: Una posición de apretón que tiene éxito contra cualquier oponente. Compare con la compresión posicional .
Promedio

En la puntuación de puntos de partido, la mitad de los puntos de partido disponibles en un trato determinado.
A veces se otorga una puntuación promedio a una o ambas parejas cuando por alguna razón no pueden jugar en el tablero. Si ninguna pareja tiene la culpa o ambas parejas tienen la culpa, el director puede decidir otorgar un promedio a cada lado. La Ley 12.C.2 de las Leyes del Puente de Contrato Duplicado establece que si un par tiene la culpa, recibe un promedio menos (como máximo, el 40% de los puntos de coincidencia disponibles en el tablero). Una pareja que no tiene la culpa recibe un promedio más : 60% de los puntos de partido disponibles en el tablero, o, si es mayor, el promedio de los puntos de partido que el par ganó en otros tableros jugados durante la sesión o de los puntos de partido ganados contra su actual oponentes. Los puntajes asignados no necesitan sumar el total de puntos de coincidencia disponibles.
En pares IMP (Butler) , "promedio" se refiere al "dato" utilizado en la puntuación.

Juego de evitación: Una jugada diseñada para mantener a un defensor en particular fuera de la cabeza, a menudo para evitar la salida de un palo a través de una posición de tenace en la mano del declarante o en el muerto.

B

De nuevo en: Realizar la primera oferta de una sociedad, previa aprobación. Por ejemplo, en 1 ♥ - (P) - 1NT - (P); 2 ♣ - (Doble), el doblador ha retrocedido en la subasta.
Delicadeza hacia atrás: Una combinación de dos finuras en un palo de tal manera que la primera finura es "hacia atrás": es decir, alejándose de la mano que contiene el tenace.
Equilibrio: Mantener la licitación abierta cuando esté a punto de desmayarse a un nivel bajo. Por ejemplo, si la oferta es de 1 ♥ - (P) - P - (1NT), la oferta de 1NT es una acción de equilibrio. La oferta de equilibrio a menudo se hace con una mano de fuerza inferior al estándar para evitar que los oponentes obtengan un contrato de bajo nivel.
Distribución equilibrada

En pocas palabras , una distribución equilibrada de una mano es 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 o 5-3-3-2. De manera equivalente, no hay vacíos, ni singletons, y como máximo un doubleton.
Equilibrado a veces se usa en un sentido amplio que incluye semi-equilibrado . En términos generales, la distribución equilibrada no permite ningún palo nulo, singleton o de 7 cartas.

Mano equilibrada: Una mano con distribución equilibrada en el sentido estrecho o ancho justo arriba. En la primera ronda de pujas, las pujas naturales de NT generalmente denotan manos equilibradas.
BAM: Board-a-match , un método de anotar una sesión de bridge o torneo duplicado .
Bar: Para evitar que un jugador haga una oferta , ya sea por una sanción causada por una irregularidad o porque el acuerdo de asociación requiere un pase en una situación determinada. En cualquier caso, se dice que el jugador está "excluido".
Oferta de barra: Una oferta que por acuerdo de asociación requiere que el socio apruebe en turnos futuros para llamar a la subasta actual. Los aumentos de la oferta inicial débil de dos del socio son un ejemplo común. El aumento podría ser extender la preferencia, hacer o empujar a los oponentes a un nivel demasiado alto. Si los oponentes hacen una oferta por encima de un aumento de la oferta de barra, el compañero que hizo la oferta de barra puede tener la intención de pasar, doblar por penalización, adelantarse o aumentar nuevamente para empujar a los oponentes. De ahí la razón por la que ese socio está prohibido. El socio que hizo la oferta de la barra puede estar "operativo". Ninguno de los otros tres jugadores puede conocer la intención del jugador que hizo la oferta de barra. Por lo tanto, el compañero debe pasar y los oponentes deben adivinar.
Puntuación del barómetro: En un evento duplicado, la publicación de los puntajes corrientes de los concursantes después de cada ronda. El conocimiento de la clasificación actual a menudo agrega entusiasmo al concurso y puede afectar las estrategias adoptadas por aquellos que están en posición de ganar el evento.
Golpe de baño: Un atraco por parte del declarante, para evitar que un oponente continúe con el palo. En la posición clásica, el declarante tiene ♠ AJ2 y Oeste, a la izquierda del declarante, adelanta ♠ K desde ♠ KQ1098. Al jugar el 2 en la K de West, South hace imposible que West continúe con las espadas sin darle a South una finura gratuita .
Tarjeta de cerveza: El ♦ 7.
Debajo de la línea: En el puente de goma , el lugar en el panel de puntuación (debajo de la línea horizontal principal) donde se registran los puntos de truco anotados para hacer un contrato, es decir, los trucos ofertados y tomados sin incluir los excesos. Estos son los puntos contados para el juego . Consulte Puntaje por encima de la línea y Puente .
Acol benjaminizado o "Benji": Una variante de Acol donde 2 ♣ y 2 ♦ son ofertas fuertes de diferentes fortalezas, y 2 ♥ y 2 ♠ son dos débiles . Inventado por el jugador internacional escocés Albert Benjamin .
Mejor menor: Un término comúnmente utilizado para la elección de la oferta de apertura de palo menor con menos de cuatro cartas, típicamente en sistemas de cinco cartas principales . En Standard American Yellow Card , es normal pujar el palo más largo con 3 cartas en una y dos en la otra, y 1 ♣ con 3-3. En este sentido, el término es inapropiado ya que un palo de palo pobre (por ejemplo, Jxx) puede ser el abridor en lugar de un palo de diamante más fuerte (por ejemplo, KQx). "Menor preparado" sería una terminología más precisa. Ver oferta preparada .
Cuenco de las Bermudas: The trophy awarded to the winner of the World Zonal Open Team Championship, the most prestigious in bridge. More commonly the term refers to the competition itself, a biennial two-week tournament among open teams that have qualified in their geographic zones.
Bid

A specification of both level and denomination or strain, such as three notrump or four hearts. While any legal bid constitutes a potential contract, some bids carry special coded meanings when used by the partnership as a conventional bid and as such are not normally intended as a potential contract.
An obsolete term meaning "contract" (noun).

Bid out of turn: A bid erroneously made when it was another player's turn to bid. Subject to penalty.
Biddable suit: A suit that a partnership regards as long and strong enough to be bid naturally. Partnerships often employ different standards of length and strength for suits named in opening bids, in responses, in rebids and in overcalls.
Bidding: The first stage of a deal, when players jointly determine the final contract. Having examined their own cards, they make a series of calls in rotation, which is called the auction or the bidding.
Bidding box: A box placed on the table (one box for each player) that contains cards with calls printed on them, as well as other cards such as "alert". By selecting and displaying a card, a player can make a call without speaking. Silent bidding removes one source of unauthorized information from the game.
Bidding space: The number of steps available in an auction, or the number of steps consumed by a bid. The sequence 1♣ - 1♦ consumes only one step, whereas 1♦ - 2♣ consumes four steps. Because alternative bids are skipped, it often happens that the more steps a bid takes up, the more specific meaning it carries. See Useful Space Principle.
Bidding system: El conjunto completo de acuerdos y entendimientos asignados a las llamadas y secuencias de llamadas utilizadas por una asociación , incluida una descripción completa del significado de cada tratamiento y convención .
Golpe de Biltcliffe: (Jerga británica) Un término sarcástico que se aplica a un resultado pobre como consecuencia de cuatro pasos: (1) los oponentes están a punto de jugar en una puntuación parcial, cuando usted hace una oferta en un asiento de pase , (2) los oponentes luego hacen una oferta de juego , (3) doblas por penalizaciones, y (4) hacen el contrato. En algunos círculos, el golpe no se reconoce a menos que el contrato se haga mediante una falta. ^[3]
POCO: Rompe el tempo. Consulte Tempo def 2.
Convención de Blackwood: Convención de licitación popular en el puente de contrato, utilizada para determinar el número de ases / reyes del socio a evaluar para las licitaciones de slam.
Blanco

(Adjetivo) Desprotegido por otras cartas del mismo palo, generalmente más bajas: "Yo tenía el rey de espadas en blanco".
(Verbo) Descartar de tal manera que deje una carta desprotegida: "Ella blanqueó el rey de espadas".

Bombardeo aéreo: (Argot) Una victoria por un margen suficientemente amplio en IMP para ganar el máximo número (o diferencia) posible de puntos de victoria .
Obstruido: (Adjetivo) Si un palo se divide entre los socios de tal manera que la mano con la mano más corta tiene solo cartas altas, el palo no se puede ejecutar sin una entrada a la mano más larga en otro palo; luego se dice que está bloqueado . Si Norte tiene ♦ AK y Sur tiene ♦ QJ10, Sur no puede cobrar una tercera baza de diamante sin una entrada de otro palo. Los diamantes se bloquean hasta que Norte pueda desbloquear jugando el as y el rey.
Tablero

Una asignación particular de 52 cartas a los cuatro jugadores, incluida la subasta , el juego de cartas y la puntuación basada en esas cartas. También se llama reparto o mano .
Un dispositivo que mantiene las cartas de cada jugador separadas para duplicar el puente .
La mano del muñeco. Por ejemplo, "Estás en el tablero" significa "El líder está en el maniquí".

Board-a-Match (BAM): Una forma de puntuación para equipos , análoga a MATCHPOINT de puntuación para pares . Un equipo gana 1 punto si sus parejas obtienen un puntaje más alto que los pares opuestos (con las mismas cartas en la otra mesa), 1/2 para puntajes iguales y 0 para puntajes más bajos. La puntuación del tablero de un partido es ahora menos común que la puntuación de IMP , o puntos de victoria de IMP en un torneo de equipos suizos .
Cuerpo: Cartas intermedias como el 9, 8 y 7, que contribuyen al potencial de truco de un palo.
Prima: En el puntaje de bridge , más allá de los puntos por trucos realizados, que se otorgan por hacer un contrato , los puntos adicionales otorgados por hacer un contrato doble o por hacer trucos dobles o redoblados . Hay diferentes cantidades de bonificación en los niveles de partitura , juego , small slam y grand slam . El tamaño de la mayoría de las bonificaciones depende de la vulnerabilidad . Los montos de bonificación son diferentes en el puente de goma y en el puente duplicado . Consulte Puntuación del puente .
Libro

(Noun) The basic six tricks that must be taken by the declaring side. The first six "book" tricks are always assumed and are not taken into account in bidding or scoring. Thus, a contract at the 1-level commits declarer to take at least 7 (that is, 6 + 1) tricks, and provides trick points only for the trick above book. The term apparently originated from the whist practice of arranging the first six tricks into a stack called a "book."
(Noun) The number of tricks that the defensive side must take so as to hold declarer to his contract. If the contract is 4♠, defenders' book is 3.
(Verbo, generalmente pasivo) Argot. Como declarante, haber perdido el máximo número de bazas sin haber sido establecido. En 4 ♠ , el declarante está "amonestado" cuando ha perdido tres bazas.

Fondo: En la puntuación de puntos de partido, un resultado no mejor que cualquier otro por una pareja jugando las mismas cartas, lo que resulta en un premio de puntos de partido mínimos; ya sea en conjunto (un fondo compartido) o solo (un fondo frío o cero ).
En caja: (Argot británico) Adjetivo que se aplica a una carta que se encuentra boca arriba durante el reparto y, por extensión, a todo el mazo. También se utiliza para una carta que se encuentra boca arriba en una mano extraída de un tablero duplicado, o para la mano misma.
Soporte: Un grupo de inscripciones en un torneo que eventualmente tendrá un ganador. La agrupación se realiza a menudo sobre la base de puntos maestros.
Romper

(Sustantivo) La distribución de cartas en un palo entre las manos de los dos oponentes (a menudo invisibles): "Obtuve un break de espadas 4-1". Una ruptura uniforme ocurre cuando las tarjetas se distribuyen de manera uniforme o casi, como 3-3 o 3-2. Una mala ruptura , que connota una distribución difícil de manejar, sugiere una distribución inesperadamente desigual, como 5-1 o 6-0. Ver distribución .
(Verbo) Ser dividido entre dos manos. "Las espadas se rompieron 3-2".
(Verbo) Liderar un palo en particular por primera vez durante un trato en particular.
(Verbo) Argot. Para jugar y encontrar una distribución particular, generalmente la más favorable. "Rompí las espadas".

Máximas del puente: Una recopilación de breves "leyes", "reglas" y consejos prácticos; a menudo, no siempre, válido.
The Bridge World (TBW): Una revista mensual con sede en la ciudad de Nueva York, The Bridge World es la publicación periódica más antigua que se publica de forma continua sobre contract bridge y la revista técnica más prestigiosa del juego.
Secuencia rota: Una secuencia de cartas de honor , de las cuales falta una o más, por ejemplo, AQJ.
Bala: (Argot) Un as.
Protuberancia

(Argot) Un solo aumento de socio. Se usa como sustantivo o verbo.
En puente duplicado, una adaptación del movimiento Mitchell para acomodar una media mesa. La pareja extra se mueve por la habitación, sustituyéndose por otra pareja en particular, golpeando a la pareja durante una ronda. ^[4]

Doble negocio: Un doble de penalización , en contraste con varios dobles competitivos e informativos que incluyen dobles para llevar y dobles negativos .
Busto: (Argot) Una mano muy débil. A veces se combina con el nombre de un palo largo: por ejemplo, "club busto" para denotar una mano con tréboles largos y muy poca fuerza de carta alta. Véase también Yarborough .
Ocupado

A card that is needed for some purpose is said to be busy. For example, cards that a defender is trying to preserve while declarer executes a squeeze are "busy". Contrast Idle.
A busy defense is an alternative term for an active defense.

Butler, or Butler scoring: A method of scoring in duplicate bridge pairs events. Each pair's result on a board is compared against a "datum" score which is the arithmetic mean of all the results (usually after exclusion of one or more of the top and bottom results), and the difference converted to IMPs. Sometimes, the median is used instead of the mean.
Bye

A round of an event during which a team or pair is not scheduled to play.
A location ("bye-stand") such as a chair or table, where boards are kept when not in use during an event. Typically used in a Mitchell movement with an even number of pairs when there is a "share and relay".

C

Caddy: An assistant to the director, or Head Director, primarily responsible for moving boards between tables and collecting score slips.
Calcutta

Cross-IMP scoring.
A tournament in which bettors bid on participating pairs or teams. The proceeds from the auction are distributed partly as prizes to the top finishers, partly to the bettors who successfully bid on them. A pair or team can typically buy an interest in itself.

Call: Any bid, pass, double, or redouble in the bidding stage.
Canapé: An approach to bidding in which a player bids his shorter suit prior to his longer suit. A feature of the Blue Team Club and the Roman Club.

Captain

In a teams competition, one person called the captain must represent a team in stipulated official settings and make stipulated official decisions for a team. A playing captain (pc) is eligible to participate as a player at the table; a non-playing captain (npc) may not play. Many team competitions including WBF world championships limit teams to six players, thus to seven members depending on the kind of captain. Other team officials such as a coach are not team members and are not covered in the rules of bridge.^{[clarification needed]}
The partner who makes the decision for a partnership in certain bidding situations, such as ace-asking sequences.

Card reading: El acto de determinar la distribución de cartas en manos invisibles, y la ubicación de cartas altas en ellas, mediante el análisis de la subasta, el juego y otras pistas.
Cardadura: La señalización defensiva utilizada por una asociación.
Arrastre o arrastre: En un evento complejo, algunos participantes comienzan una etapa posterior con puntajes que dependen del desempeño en una etapa anterior. La simple acumulación de puntajes de una etapa a otra es una transferencia total, pero el término se usa comúnmente solo cuando la transferencia es menor que la completa.; Algunos eventos por equipos tienen una fase eliminatoria posterior con un remanente equivalente a una fracción de cualquier margen de victoria de un partido de la fase inicial entre los mismos equipos.; Muchos torneos para equipos, parejas o individuales tienen etapas que reducen progresivamente el campo, como cortar la mitad inferior al final de cada día. A veces, los calificados continúan con una fracción de sus márgenes de calificación como remanente, lo que efectivamente da menos de uno a los puntos anotados en el campo anterior, más grande y de menor calidad. A veces no hay remanente; calificación cómoda y límite son equivalentes en la siguiente etapa.
Dinero en efectivo: Hacer un truco con una carta que actualmente es la más alta del palo, que se cree que tiene probabilidades de éxito, o tomar todos los ganadores disponibles en un palo.
Variación de Cavendish: Una versión de Chicago , con el lado del crupier no vulnerable en la segunda y tercera manos, como en la versión estándar.
CBF: Federación Canadiense de Puentes .
Cambio de traje: Una oferta en un nuevo palo, como 1 ♠ en la secuencia 1 ♦ - 1 ♥ ; 1 ♠ .
Checkback Stayman: Un acuerdo convencional común después de una redeclaración de 1NT, en busca de un palo mayor no propuesto o una preferencia al mayor del respondedor.
Chicago: Una variante de puente de goma en la que una goma consta de cuatro tratos con vulnerabilidad predeterminada para cada trato.
Crítica: Una mano sin triunfos.
CHO: (Argot) Oponente de la mano central, un término despectivo o gracioso para la pareja de uno, o socios en general. Compare LHO y RHO , oponentes de mano izquierda y derecha.
Arrojar: (Argot) Un error al pujar o jugar, que fue o podría haber sido costoso. También se usa como verbo.
Fornido: Un palo con suficiente fuerza de honor para jugar bien sin la ayuda de las cartas de su compañero (pero no sólido) es grueso . Normalmente se dice de los palos de cuatro cartas. AQJ10 es un traje grueso; AQ96 no es grueso.
Afirmar: Una declaración del declarante sobre cómo se ganarán o perderán las bazas restantes no jugadas. Normalmente, el jugador reclamante expone su mano y describe la secuencia de juego para las bazas restantes (pero las jugadas como las sutilezas, a menos que ya se hayan probado, están prohibidas). Es mejor hacer una reclamación solo cuando el juego del resto de la mano es obvio. Las afirmaciones a menudo son desaconsejables: aparte de la posibilidad de un análisis erróneo, puede llevar más tiempo explicar la línea de juego que jugarla. Ver también Concesión .
Clear a suit: Knock out an opponent's high-card control of a suit, or unblock one's own high cards.
Closed hand: Declarer's hand (as distinct from the dummy, which is faced or open).
Closed room: In a team match, a room where two of the pairs compete, and in which spectators are not allowed.
Coffeehousing: Making improper remarks to mislead the opponents, or asking improper questions designed to suggest a defensive play.
Cold: A contract that a player cannot fail to make, even against the best defense, is cold.
Colors first: Un enfoque de subasta en el que los jugadores indican los palos (denominaciones) antes de mostrar una fuerza de carta alta. Por ejemplo, los overcalls de traje natural y las ofertas de apertura de traje natural de un nivel suelen ser "primero los colores". Las pujas de apertura de NT naturales y las sobre-declaraciones de NT naturales suelen mostrar fuerza en lugar de palos. Una oferta de referencia de Michaels suele ser "los colores primero", pero un doble para llevar suele ser más "los valores primero".
Combinación

Combinación de traje .
Una combinación de finura es una de las varias tácticas en juego de las cartas que incluye múltiples finuras en un palo o combina otra técnica con una finura.

Juego combinado: Una línea de juego que ofrece más de una oportunidad para realizar trucos adicionales: por ejemplo, jugar para dejar caer un honor en un palo más largo y luego afinar para obtener un honor en un palo más corto.
Vamos: Una señal defensiva que anima a su compañero a continuar un palo, generalmente por medio del rango de la carta utilizada para seguir el palo.
Cómic notrump: Un overcall de notrump que muestra una mano débil con un palo largo, a la que el overcaller puede escapar si dobla. También conocido como Gardener 1NT.
Comunicación

La colocación de la salida en una u otra de las dos manos asociadas , para hacer una salida posterior de la mano más ventajosa, específicamente la capacidad de colocar la salida en dicha mano.
El medio de transmitir un mensaje a la pareja a través de la subasta y mediante la carta jugada a un truco. El único medio legal de comunicación es a través de las llamadas y los juegos en sí mismos, en lugar de a través de gestos como el tono de voz y las vacilaciones. A menudo se generaliza como comunicaciones en ambos sentidos.

Puntuación comparativa: El método de puntuación utilizado en eventos de matchpoint o Board-a-Match. La métrica utilizada no es la cantidad de puntos obtenidos en un trato en particular, como ocurre cuando se usa la puntuación cuantitativa , sino la cantidad de pares que han sido superados.
Subasta competitiva: Una secuencia de licitación que involucra a ambas asociaciones. Además, licitación competitiva .
Concesión: Una declaración de un jugador sobre el número de bazas restantes que debe perder. Consulte también Reclamación .
Condonar: Actuar después de la irregularidad de un oponente sin disponer que se aplique la penalización especificada en las Leyes.
Jack de felicitación: El juego innecesario (por seguimiento o por descarte) de una jota después de una acción excepcionalmente exitosa de su compañero. Más utilizado por la defensa, pero posible como jugada del muerto.
Congreso: (Principalmente británico) Una competencia de bridge duplicada organizada a nivel nacional o local que se lleva a cabo en un solo lugar y generalmente involucra eventos de parejas y equipos , que generalmente duran uno o dos días, pero a veces hasta diez. El término norteamericano más habitual es torneo .
Constructivo

Licitación que tiene como objetivo alcanzar el contrato óptimo de un lado, a diferencia de las convocatorias destinadas a interferir con la licitación de los oponentes.
Aumento constructivo: por acuerdo de asociación, un solo aumento de la apertura de un palo mayor que muestra más fuerza de lo habitual.

Contrato

La declaración de la pareja que ganó la licitación , de que tomarán al menos el número de trucos indicado . El contrato consta de dos componentes: el nivel , que indica el número de trucos a realizar (además de los trucos del libro ), y la denominación , que indica el palo de triunfo (o su ausencia en una oferta de NT). La última oferta en la fase de licitación denota el contrato final.
Abreviatura de puente de contrato en contraste con el puente de subasta (subasta) y otros juegos de cartas en la familia.

Control

Una característica de una mano que evita que los defensores realicen suficientes bazas inmediatas en un palo específico para establecer el contrato o hacer que el establecimiento del contrato sea inevitable. Los ases se denominan controles de "primera ronda" y los reyes se denominan controles de "segunda ronda". En los contratos de triunfo , los nulos también se consideran controles de primera ronda y controles de segunda ronda de singletons . Consulte también Stopper .
(Said of trump contracts) Declarer's ability to manage the trump suit successfully. To lose control usually means being forced to shorten one's trumps so much that the opponents can subsequently control the play of the hand. See Forcing defense.

Control-bid: A bid that shows control of a particular suit. Often a cue bid, but not all cue bids are control-bids.
Convenient club: See Short club.
Convention

Un acuerdo entre socios sobre un significado artificial de una llamada o secuencia de llamadas, que no está necesariamente relacionado con la duración y la fuerza de los juicios de oferta o con la voluntad de jugar en NT. Muchas convenciones de licitación son artificiales ; ver, por ejemplo, las convenciones de búsqueda de Slam .
Un acuerdo de que una determinada jugada defensiva tiene un significado especial. Compare con el tratamiento .

Tarjeta de la convención: Un formulario completado por una asociación y disponible para sus oponentes, que muestra las convenciones de licitación y juego que están usando. Usado normalmente durante los torneos, su formato puede ser prescrito por la organización gobernante del bridge.
Convertir

To change the effect of a call. For example, passing partner's overcall of 2♦ when playing Michaels cue bids converts the overcall from a request to bid a major suit to a contract of 2♦. There are many other applications: for example, to pass partner's takeout double is to convert it to a penalty double.
In rubber bridge and Chicago, a part score is converted into game when a further score brings the total below the line to 100 or more points.

Correct: En la subasta, para elegir (normalmente) el primer palo de subasta del socio; en ese caso, una corrección equivale a una preferencia .
COS: Siglas o iniciales de Choice of Slams. Una oferta artificial o natural hecha para pedirle a un compañero que seleccione una variedad de varias opciones donde se puede jugar el slam .
Contar

(Sustantivo) El número de cartas contenidas en un palo o palos, generalmente se dice de la mano de un oponente.
(Verbo) Determinar, por inferencia o por seguimiento, el número de cartas que tiene un oponente en un palo.
(Sustantivo) En squeeze play, el número de bazas que el declarante debe perder antes de que el squeeze pueda funcionar. Ver rectificar el recuento .

Señal de conteo: Un juego de cartas defensivo que muestra si el jugador tiene un número par o impar de cartas en un palo.
Golpe

Any extremely skillful play.
Any of several specific play techniques, such as the Scissors coup, Trump coup, Devil's coup or Vienna coup.

Coup en passant: The lead of a side suit in which both second and third hands are void, second hand holding a high trump, in such a way that third hand cannot be prevented from taking a trick with a low trump. It is a form of elopement.
Coup without a name: See Scissors coup. "Coup without a name" is an earlier term for the coup, conferred by Ely Culbertson.
Cover card: Una carta (de honor o triunfo extra ) que se sabe que compensa a uno de los perdedores del compañero ; por ejemplo, un rey en triunfos cubre al perdedor de triunfo de su compañero.
Grieta: (Argot, verbo). Hacer un doble de penalti . Además, "agrietado", un contrato duplicado, independientemente del resultado; como en, por ejemplo, "El contrato se resquebrajó 2 ♠ ".
Choque

(Generalmente escrito CRASH o CRaSh) Acrónimo de Color, RAnk y SHape; una convención que muestra una mano de 2 palos , como un overclall en la primera oportunidad después de una apertura artificial fuerte de 1 ♣ , 1 ♦ , 2 ♣ o 2 ♦ de un oponente . Los dos palos comparten el mismo color (rojo o negro), rango ( mayores o menores ) o forma ( redondeada o puntiaguda ). El tipo de emparejamiento se muestra por el número de pasos por encima de la oferta de RHO que son asumidos por la sobre llamada.
(Sin capitalización) El juego de dos ganadores por un par en una sola baza: por ejemplo, el as y el rey de triunfos. Esto generalmente implica el uso de un declarante de una jugada engañosa para hacer que un defensor haga lo mismo con una carta alta (por ejemplo, el rey de Kx cuando el otro defensor tiene el as singleton).

Golpe de cocodrilo: En defensa, juego de segunda mano de una carta superior a la aparentemente necesaria, para obtener la ventaja. La jugada está destinada a evitar que la cuarta mano sea forzada a tomar la delantera para hacer una devolución favorable al declarante. El nombre sugiere que un cocodrilo abre sus fauces para tragarse la carta ganadora de su compañero.
Cruzar: Entrar en la mano opuesta. Usado normalmente de la mano del muerto o del declarante: "Cruzó al muerto en diamantes".
Crossruff: Una técnica de juego en los contratos de triunfo, donde se obtienen bazas adicionales fallando con ambas manos alternativamente.
Puntuación Cross-IMP: Una forma de puntuación IMP en torneos por parejas, donde la puntuación de cada pareja se determina como una suma (promediada) de las diferencias con todas las demás puntuaciones (en lugar de con una única puntuación de referencia ). También conocido como X-Imps o Calcutta .
Cuebid , cue bid o cue-bid

Una oferta del palo de los oponentes en una subasta competitiva. Por lo general, una oferta forzada convencional que muestra fuerza o una mano inusual , o una distribución particular.
Una oferta que muestra un control en un palo (generalmente con un as o un rey, a veces con un vacío), pero no indica longitud o fuerza en el palo de otra manera. Ver oferta de control . Los acuerdos de asociación indican cuándo en una subasta no impugnada una oferta se considera una cuebid. Por lo general, se usa en la exploración de un contrato de slam (consulte las convenciones de Bridge (búsqueda de slam) ) o para mostrar los tapones necesarios para un juego de NT .

Culbertson cuatro-cinco notrump: Una convención de búsqueda de golpes ideada por Ely Culbertson , en la que un jugador dice 4NT o 5NT para mostrar posesión de números definidos de tarjetas clave (ases y reyes en los palos de oferta), y a la que el compañero de ese jugador responde de manera generalmente natural. Desde la década de 1950, ha sido reemplazado casi por completo por variantes de la convención de Blackwood .
Sistema de Culbertson: El primer sistema de licitación dominante , desarrollado por Ely y Josephine Culbertson. Sus características principales fueron un estilo de subasta forzadora de acercamiento , cuatro cartas mayores , dos subidas fuertes y el uso de una tabla de trucos de honor para evaluar la fuerza de la mano.
The curse of Scotland: The ♦9. The origin of the term is uncertain.
Cut in and cut out: In rubber bridge, it is customary on completion of a rubber to invite other players in the cardroom to play in the next one, often by a cry of "Table up". The players in the completed rubber draw cards to determine who will withdraw; the one or more who draw the lowest card or cards are said to cut out, and their replacements to cut in.
Cutthroat bridge: A form of three-handed bridge.

D

DAB: An abbreviation of directional asking bid.
Danger hand

An opponent who, if he obtains the lead, can damage declarer's prospects.
When defending, either declarer's or dummy's hand which, if it gains the lead, can damage the defenders' prospects.

Datum: The mean or median of raw scores on a deal. The datum is used as a basis for calculating IMPs for the participating teams or pairs. The datum may be trimmed by removing extreme scores at either end of the distribution, a procedure whose effect on a mean or on a median depends on the degree of skewness in the raw scores.
Dead

A hand that has no card of entry, usually in reference to the dummy.
A hand that has a suit consisting only of low cards of no significance. For example, two dead spades.

Deal

Una asignación particular de 52 cartas a los cuatro jugadores, incluida la subasta , el juego de cartas y la puntuación basada en esas cartas. También se llama tablero o mano .
(Verbo) Asignar las 52 cartas a los cuatro jugadores o manos, 13 cada uno.

Distribuidor: The player who makes the first call in the auction. In some versions of the game, this player also deals the cards. In rubber bridge, the first dealer is usually decided by a cut for the highest card. In duplicate bridge, cards are dealt only at the start of the session and the deal is preserved during the session by the use of boards. The "dealer" who will make the first call is identified by a mark on the physical board, commonly the word "dealer".
Deck: The 52 cards used in bridge.
Declaration: The contract in which a hand is played.
Declarative–Interrogative: D–I.
Declarer: De la sociedad que hace la oferta final en la subasta , el declarante es el socio que primero nombra la denominación o cepa de la oferta final, por lo tanto, la cepa del contrato . Durante el juego, el declarante se sienta frente al muerto y pide cartas de la mano del muerto, o "juega el muerto".
Lado declarante: El bando que gana la subasta.
Delicadeza profunda

Una delicadeza contra dos o más cartas.
El nombre comercial de un programa informático disponible comercialmente que realiza análisis de mano doble ficticia .

Fracaso: (Dicho del contrato). Para evitar que el declarante realice el número de bazas requeridas por su contrato . Además, establezca .
Defensa: Los oponentes del declarante o su línea de juego.
Defensores: La pareja que intenta derrotar el contrato .
Oferta defensiva

Una oferta o secuencia de ofertas diseñadas para obstaculizar la oferta de los oponentes, incluidos los sacrificios .
Toda licitación por parte de la sociedad que no se abre , que necesariamente comienza con un doble o overcall (intervención).

Demorado: Aplazado, como preferencia de salto en la subasta 1 ♥ - 1 ♠ ; 2 ♦ - 3 ♥ . Muchas ofertas tienen un significado diferente según se hagan o no en la primera oportunidad.
Denominación (o cepa): Component of a bid that denotes the proposed trump suit or notrump. Thus, there are five denominations – notrump, spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. The Laws of Contract Bridge (American edition)^[5] and Laws of Duplicate Bridge use the term denomination exclusively but "the modern term is strain" according to the sixth edition of The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge.^[6]
DEPO: Acronym for Double Even, Pass Odd. Conventional method for bidding over interference with Blackwood.
Deschapelles coup: On defense, the lead of an unsupported honor in order to create an entry to partner's hand.
Deuce: The lowest spot card, the 2. In signaling, it is the only unambiguous card.
Develop: To establish tricks in a suit, usually by forcing out the opponents' stoppers.
Devil's coup: In the endgame, the play of a side suit through a defender to create an over ruff and a subsequent trump finesse.
D–I: (Abbreviation of Declarative-Interrogative.) 4NT as a general slam try that asks partner to show features. D–I is incorporated in several bidding systems, including Neapolitan, Blue Team Club and Kaplan–Sheinwold. Players distinguish the D–I and Blackwood uses of 4NT by context.
Direction: A player's position at the bridge table (North, East, South or West).
Direct position: Usually said of a bid that is made immediately following RHO's bid. Contrast Balance (verb), on balancing action in balancing position.
Directional asking bid

Often abbreviated as DAB. A cuebid of opponent's suit below 3NT, showing a partial stop in that suit and requesting partner to bid notrump with a holding such as Qx or Jxx. Common in the UK, less so elsewhere.

Director: También director del torneo (TD). El árbitro (en puente duplicado ). El director hace cumplir las reglas, asigna sanciones por violaciones y supervisa el progreso del juego. El director también puede ser responsable de la puntuación final. En un gran torneo, puede haber varios directores subordinados a un director principal. En eventos patrocinados por la ACBL , la decisión de un director en cuanto al hecho puente puede ser apelada; una regla en cuanto a la disciplina, a fin de mantener un evento ordenado, no puede.
Descarte

(Verbo) Jugar una carta que no es ni del palo salido, ni triunfo, y que por lo tanto no puede ganar la baza.
(Sustantivo) La carta así jugada.

Tarjeta desalentadora

Una señal de carda que desalienta a la pareja de liderar un palo en particular. Vamos con el contraste .

Discovery play

A play, either by declarer or by the defense, intended to obtain information about the location of other cards.

Distribution

(Suit distribution) Of one suit on a deal, the numbers of cards or lengths in the four hands. Sometimes the length of a suit in one or two hands is known or presumed and its "distribution" covers only three or two hands, as "opposing distribution" said of the other pair from the perspective of one pair or player.
( Distribución de la mano , también forma o patrón ) De una mano de 13 cartas en un reparto , el número de cartas o longitudes en los cuatro palos. A veces se conoce o se presume la longitud de uno o dos palos y la "distribución" cubre sólo tres o dos palos, como se dice "distribución en los menores" de una mano cuya distribución de palos mayores se conoce.

General. El grado en el que cuatro palos en una mano, un palo en cuatro manos o todas las manos y palos se reparten en posiciones largas y cortas. Las tenencias largas y cortas constituyen "lotes de distribución" y las tenencias de tres cartas en particular constituyen "no distribución".

Específico. De cualquier manera, cuatro números enteros que suman 13 se usan comúnmente para denotar una distribución brevemente, como 4333 o 4-3-3-3 para una mano que comprende un palo de cuatro cartas y tres palos de tres cartas; o para un palo con una tenencia de cuatro cartas y tres tenencias de tres cartas en las cuatro manos. También 22 o 2-2 para la distribución opuesta de espadas cuando un par tiene nueve de ellas; o por reparto de una mano en las menores cuando tiene nueve en las Mayores.

Totalmente especificado. Convencionalmente, ni 4333 ni 4-3-3-3 indican cuál es el palo de cuatro cartas en una mano, mientras que 4 = 3 = 3 = 3 significa cuatro espadas, representadas primero, y tres cada una en corazones, diamantes y tréboles. Por tanto, 4 = 6 = 2 = 1 significa 4 espadas, 6 corazones, 2 diamantes y 1 trébol.

Puntos de distribución: Una medida de la fuerza de una mano debido al largo o corto de los trajes. Consulte Evaluación de la mano .
NO: Acrónimo de D isturb O pponents N o t rump. Una defensa convencional para las pujas de apertura de NT.
DROGA: Acrónimo de D ouble O dd, P ass E ven. Un método convencional para pujar por la interferencia con Blackwood .
DOPI: Un proxi-acrónimo de D ouble, O (la letra O significa cero o ninguno), P ass e I (la i mayúscula representa el número 1 o uno). Un método convencional para pujar por la interferencia con Blackwood . Se pronuncia "tonto".
Doble

A call that increases penalties if the opponents fail to make their contract, but consequently also increases the bonuses if they make it. A player can double only a contract bid by the opposition. Referred to as penalty double.
A call having various alternative conventional meanings depending upon the bidding context. See Informatory double, Takeout double, Negative double, Lead-directing double, Responsive double and Support double.

Double dummy: (Adjective or adverb.) Said of a play or line of play that seems to be made with knowledge of all four hands, as if there were at least two dummies visible. Contrast Single dummy.; When said of the defenders jointly, "double dummy defense" suggests that that pair knows all four hands and agrees on both goals and tactics such as falsecards, as if the cards were visible and they discussed those points.
Double dummy problem: A bridge problem presented for entertainment or teaching, in which the solver is presented with all four hands and is asked to determine the course of play that will achieve or defeat a particular contract.
Double-elimination tournament, or double elimination: Double knockout.
Double finesse: A finesse for two missing cards.
Double into game: To double a part score such that, if the contract is fulfilled, the total of the doubled trick scores will exceed 100 points.
Double knockout: A form of knockout competition in which teams are eliminated after losing two matches rather than after losing one. Commonly, teams with no losses face each other (undefeated teams) and teams with one loss face each other (one-loser teams), insofar as possible.
Double negative: An agreement regarding a second negative bid by a player who has already made one. Normally used regarding sequences that follow strong, forcing opening bids.
Double raise: A raise of two levels, such as 1♠ - 3♠.
Double squeeze: A squeeze in which each opponent must guard a different suit, and both opponents must guard a third suit.
Doubleton: A holding of exactly two cards in a suit.
Down

A contract that is defeated is said to be down.
(Followed by a number) The number of tricks by which a contract fails: for example, "Down two."

Down the line: To bid the higher of two adjacent suits before the lower. For example, of two five-card majors, the spade suit is normally bid before the heart suit. Contrast Up the line.
Draw: To extract, usually trumps. To remove the opponents' trump cards is to "draw trumps."
Drive out: To force a stopper from an opponent's hand, usually by repeatedly leading the suit.
Drop

(Verbo) Para caer debajo de una carta superior: "La ♠ Q cayó debajo de la ♠ K."
(Sustantivo) Esa ocurrencia en sí: "Jugó por la gota en lugar de sutileza".

Pato: Una técnica de juego en la que un jugador no juega inmediatamente una carta que podría requerir un truco , sino que juega una carta pequeña.
Tonto

El socio del declarante . Las cartas del muerto se colocan boca arriba sobre la mesa y el declarante las juega. El muerto tiene pocos derechos y no puede participar en las elecciones relativas al juego de la mano.
La mano del muñeco expuesta sobre la mesa.

Juego de muñecos: El juego de la mano del declarante. La aparente contradicción se debe al hecho de que el declarante juega tanto las cartas del declarante como las del muerto.
Inversión ficticia: Una técnica de juego en los contratos de triunfo que obtiene bazas adicionales al fallar en la mano que comenzó con los triunfos más largos, de modo que esa mano termina con triunfos más cortos.
Vertedero: Perder un partido deliberadamente, generalmente para ayudar a otro equipo o pareja en el evento. Un tema de considerable controversia en la década de 1990 y más allá.
Puente duplicado: Una forma de bridge donde cada trato se juega en varias mesas , por varios pares, y posteriormente se comparan sus puntuaciones en cada trato. Se requiere un mínimo de dos tablas (cuatro pares ) para un evento de puente duplicado. Cada entrada puede ser una pareja o un equipo formado por dos o más parejas; el tipo de puntuación varía en consecuencia. Las manos de cada trato se guardan en recipientes de metal o plástico llamados tableros que se pasan entre las mesas.
Duplicación de valores: Posesión de valores en el mismo palo en manos de ambos socios dispuestos de manera que no tiren de todo su peso. (1) Valores altos de cartas en una mano y singleton o nulo en la otra; por ejemplo, ♠ KJ9 frente a un vacío es mucho menos útil que ♠ KJ9 frente a ♠ Q4. (2) Cartas altas en palos cortos en ambas manos, por ejemplo, ♠ AJ frente a ♠ KQ.
Cubo de basura Notrump: Una respuesta de oferta de 1NT a una oferta de apertura que no muestra una mano equilibrada sino una mano débil (6-9 PH), sin apoyo para el compañero y sin un palo de cartas 4+ de mayor rango para ofertar. Entonces la mano podría estar desequilibrada.

E

Eastern Scientific: Un estilo de licitación que se desarrolló en el este de Estados Unidos, particularmente en la región de Nueva York. Se caracteriza por mayores de cinco cartas con una respuesta forzada de un "no triunfo" y aumentos de límite, un fuerte no triunfo con transferencias de Jacoby y fuertes (pero no forzadoras del juego) respuestas de dos sobre uno.
agua de colonia: (Argot, principalmente británico) Una mano con distribución 7-4-1-1, de la marca de colonia 4711 .
EBL: European Bridge League , el organismo rector del deporte del bridge por contrato en Europa y la organización patrocinadora de muchas competiciones de bridge allí.
EBU: English Bridge Union , el organismo organizador oficial del bridge en Inglaterra.
Eco: El juego de dos cartas del mismo palo, primero la más alta y luego la más baja, en bazas separadas para alentar o, por acuerdo previo, para desanimar (ver señales al revés ) la continuación de un palo por parte del compañero; o para señalar la posesión (normalmente) de un número par de cartas del palo en el momento en que se juega la carta más alta.
EHAA: Every Hand An Adventure, un estilo de subasta que enfatiza las pujas iniciales muy débiles de NT (a menudo 10-12 PH ), mayores de cuatro cartas e indisciplinadas pujas débiles de dos.
Ocho nunca, nueve nunca: Una máxima de bridge que aconseja a los jugadores cuándo realizar una delicadeza por una reina faltante. Con ocho cartas en el palo, siempre ("siempre") delicadeza; pero con nueve cartas, nunca la delicadeza, más bien juegue para que la dama caiga bajo el juego del as y el rey. Los jugadores experimentados a menudo ignoran este consejo en favor de consideraciones como la mano peligrosa , el juego combinado y la distribución conocida o inferida de otros palos.
EKB: Exclusion Keycard Blackwood, una variante de Roman Keycard Blackwood . EKB usa una oferta de palo en lugar de una oferta de Trump para mostrar un vacío en ese palo y para excluir el as del palo mencionado del recuento de tarjetas clave.
Eliminación: The removal, by playing a suit or suits, of safe exit cards from defenders' hands, normally in preparation for an endplay. The classic (but not the only) example is to leave an endplayed defender with the choice of conceding a ruff and discard or giving declarer a free finesse.
Elope, elopement: To win a trick by ruffing with a trump lower in rank than an opponent's trump. The coup en passant is an example of an elopement.
Encrypted: Un acuerdo de que el significado de las ofertas o las señales de la tarjeta puede cambiar a medida que se disponga de más información sobre un acuerdo. Por ejemplo, cuando el declarante se muestra fuera de un palo, los defensores pueden decir si el rango de la carta más baja restante de West en el palo es par o impar (y el declarante probablemente no tiene esa información). Los defensores podrían haber acordado que si la carta más baja restante de West es par, las señales de actitud normales estarán en efecto, pero si es impar, se usarán señales al revés . En tal caso, el acuerdo de los defensores está encriptado .
Finalizando: El diseño de las cartas cuando solo quedan algunos trucos por jugar. En un "final de cuatro cartas", a cada jugador le quedan cuatro cartas. Estas posiciones pueden ser de especial interés porque los apretones y otros endplays tienden a ocurrir cerca del final del juego.
Endplay: Una jugada que obliga a un oponente en particular a ganar una baza, de modo que ese oponente debe tomar una ventaja favorable. Se dice que ese jugador es "endplay". Normalmente, el jugador que participa en el juego final es un defensor. Aunque la palabra implica que la jugada ocurre hacia el final de una mano, a menudo ocurre antes y, en casos excepcionales, se puede decir que el líder de apertura "juega en el juego final en la primera baza".
Ingresar

Ganar una baza en la mano opuesta, lo que le da derecho a llevar a la siguiente baza.
Hacer la primera convocatoria de asociación después de que los oponentes hayan ofertado.
Participar en una competición de bridge.

Entrada

Una carta que permite que una mano en particular gane una baza a la que ha llevado ese compañero o un oponente. Las entradas son vitales para la comunicación .
Asignación de asientos en una competición de bridge. Las entradas designan el número de mesa inicial de los participantes, la dirección en esa mesa y (si corresponde) la sección.

Apretón de cambio de entrada: Un squeeze en el que el declarante decide si adelanta la carta squeeze o deja que aguante la baza, dependiendo de la jugada del oponente que interviene.
Apretón de entrada: Un apretón que ejerce presión sobre una explotación que interfiere con las entradas del declarante.
Conversión de igual nivel (ELC): Un acuerdo relativo a las nuevas ofertas después de los dobles para llevar . Tradicionalmente, la oferta de un nuevo palo por parte del jugador que ha hecho un doble para llevar se considera forzada. Bajo el acuerdo de conversión de igual nivel, la oferta de un nuevo palo por parte del doblador no es forzada si está al mismo nivel que la oferta del avanzado . Entonces, conversión de igual nivel significa que en la secuencia 1 ♠ - (Dbl) - P - (2 ♦ ); P - (2 ♥ ), 2 ♥ se considera no forzado.
Igual: Cartas en una mano que son adyacentes en rango y, por lo tanto, tienen el mismo poder para hacer trucos.
Traje de escape: Un traje largo al que un postor puede escapar si es necesario o deseable. El postor de un notrump cómico podría correr a su palo largo si se dobla.
Establecer: Hacer ganadores de las cartas restantes de un palo jugando o forzando cartas más altas.
Incluso

Un split con el mismo número de cartas en cada mano. Una división 2-2 es una división uniforme .
De la cantidad de cartas de un palo que se encuentran en una mano: dos cartas, cuatro cartas, etc.

Evento: Un concurso de puentes duplicado .
Oferta de exclusión: Una oferta, como 2 ♦ en el sistema Roman Club, que muestra la longitud en todos los palos excepto en el mencionado.
Exclusión Blackwood: Un acuerdo de que el respondedor a una oferta de Blackwood mostrará el número de ases que se mantienen fuera de un palo en particular.
Tarjeta de salida: Una carta que se usa para poner una mano diferente en la salida, normalmente para evitar una salida autodestructiva en otro palo.
Experto: Alguien que juega al bridge mejor que otros en su nivel habitual de juego.
Tarjeta expuesta: Una carta cuyo palo y rango se conocen por una irregularidad . Una carta expuesta puede estar sujeta a penalización.
Valores extra: Valores (en forma de puntos de carta alta, cartas de escasez o de cobertura ), que se suman a los valores que un jugador ha prometido hasta ahora en la subasta .

F

F1: Forzando una ronda. Ver Fuerza de una ronda .
Rostro

(Sustantivo) El anverso de una tarjeta; el lado que muestra su palo y rango.
(Verbo) Dar la vuelta a una carta para que su cara sea visible para otros jugadores.

Tarjeta de cara: Un rey, una reina o una jota. Honor de contraste .
Factorización: El ajuste de las puntuaciones de los puntos de coincidencia para corregir condiciones diferentes. Por ejemplo, un juego jugado con un movimiento de Mitchell podría tener un par N-S adicional, lo que provocaría una ronda de descanso para N-S. Por lo tanto, la parte superior es más baja para los pares N-S que para los pares E-O, y las puntuaciones NS se multiplican por una fracción (o "factor") para que sean acordes con las puntuaciones E-O.
Otoño: Ser capturado por una carta superior. Ver gota .
Preferencia falsa: Un regreso al palo de la primera oferta del compañero a pesar de tener más tiempo en el segundo palo. Por lo general, tiene la intención de brindarle al socio la oportunidad de realizar otra oferta.
Falso sacrificio: Sacrificio fantasma .
Falsecard: A card played with the intention of deceiving an opponent as to one's true holding. Also, the act of making such a play.
Fast arrival: A style of bidding under which the fewer bids used to reach a contract (usually said of game contracts), the weaker the bidder's hand. Fast arrival holds that 1♠ - 2♦; 2♠ - 4♠ is weaker than 1♠ - 2♦; 2♠ - 3♣; 3NT - 4♠. Contrast Slow arrival.
Fast rubber: A rubber completed in two games. See slow rubber.
Feature: Un honor o una brevedad en un traje. Las ofertas convencionales, como las ofertas separadas o DI, están destinadas a mostrar o suscitar características.
Fert: (Argot) Abreviatura de "fertilizante", una oferta de apertura muy débil. Un tratamiento sistémico en sistemas de paso fuerte .
FG: una abreviatura para forzar a jugar; ver fuerza del juego
Campo: Todos los jugadores en un evento de bridge, como en "con el campo" para referirse a una acción que realizarán la mayoría de los jugadores, y "contra el campo" para una acción inusual.
Campo un psicólogo: Deciding correctly that partner has psyched in the absence of a call that reveals the psych. Sometimes used when that decision is made on the basis of unauthorized information or an undisclosed partnership understanding.
Fillers: Mid-rank cards that strengthen a suit. See body.
Final contract: The last bid made on a hand.
Finesse: An attempt to gain power for lower-ranking cards by taking advantage of the favorable position of higher-ranking cards held by the opposition.
Fit

A partnership's combined holding of many cards in a suit (usually 8 cards or more in the two combined hands) that might be used as trumps.
Dos manos que son productivas juntas (es decir, que tienen al menos un traje ajustado y pocos valores desperdiciados ). Compárese con Misfit .

Ver también ajuste Moysian y ajuste dorado .
Ajustar oferta: Una oferta en un palo que muestre longitud y fuerza en el palo de la oferta más un ajuste para el palo del compañero. Los cambios de salto en la competencia a menudo se definen como ofertas adecuadas. Consulte también Fragmento de oferta y Mixto (definición 2).
Mayores de cinco cartas: Un acuerdo de que una oferta inicial en espadas o corazones promete al menos cinco cartas en el palo. El acuerdo alternativo son las carreras de cuatro cartas .
Arreglar

(Sustantivo) Un resultado inmerecidamente pobre, generalmente causado por un error de un oponente o un juego excéntrico que resulta bien.
(Verbo) Ser víctima de un arreglo: "Fuimos arreglados en el Tablero 8".

Ondear la bandera: Término obsoleto para hacer una oferta preferente .
Flannery: Una apuesta inicial convencional de dos diamantes (algunos prefieren dos corazones) para mostrar 11-15 PH con 5 corazones y 4 espadas.
Plano

Mano plana: una mano que carece de características de distribución, como un singleton, un vacío o un palo muy largo. A menudo, distribución 4-3-3-3.
Tablero plano: un trato en puente duplicado que da como resultado puntajes en todo el campo que son idénticos, o casi.

Flotador

Seguido de dos o tres pases. Por ejemplo, la oferta de espada de Oeste "flotó alrededor" hacia el Sur en 1 ♠ - (P) - P.
Para no tapar la tarjeta liderada, generalmente por dos manos consecutivas. "Sur hizo flotar el ♠ Q hacia el este".

Movimiento de flores: Una adaptación del movimiento Howell en la que los jugadores, en lugar de los tableros, progresan regularmente de mesa en mesa. También conocido como "Endless Howell".
Haz lo mismo, a veces simplemente "sigue": Jugar una carta del mismo palo que la primera que llevó a la baza. No seguir su ejemplo cuando se puede hacerlo constituye una revocación .
Forzar: Licitar con la intención de hacer que la licitación avance a un nivel particular. Por ejemplo: "En esta subasta, 2 ♣ forzado a jugar", o "Mi revés forzado a los tres niveles".
Oferta forzosa: Una oferta que, por entendimiento de la sociedad, requiere que el socio del postor haga otra oferta. Una oferta forzada no es necesariamente una oferta fuerte. Es legal aprobar la oferta forzada de un compañero, y los jugadores ocasionalmente lo hacen si creen que es ventajoso en una mano determinada, pero es perjudicial para la confianza de la pareja.; Consulte también Fuerza de juego , Fuerza de Grand Slam y Fuerza de una ronda .
Forzar la defensa: La salida y la continuación posterior de un palo que los defensores creen que el declarante tendrá que fallar en la mano de triunfo largo. La estrategia es acortar la posición de triunfo del declarante para dejar a los defensores en control de la mano. Consulte Tap .
Forzando a Trump: Un acuerdo de que una respuesta 1NT a una apertura de 1 ♥ o 1 ♠ es una oferta forzosa .
Forzar el pase

Un pase en una subasta competitiva que requiere que el socio haga otra oferta o duplique o redoble la llamada actual de los oponentes. Las asociaciones experimentadas a menudo tienen acuerdos sobre el significado de hacer una oferta de inmediato en contraste con hacer un pase forzado y luego hacer una oferta por el doble del socio ( pasar y tirar ).
Un pase inicial cuando se juega con un sistema de pases fuerte .

Forzar la comida para llevar: Nombre obsoleto para un cambio de salto fuerte por respondedor.
Tenedor: Un tenace .
Tablero sucio: Un tablero cuyas cartas no se distribuyen como estaban cuando se jugaron por primera vez, debido a que devolvieron las cartas a sus ranuras por error.
Mayores de cuatro cartas: An agreement that an opening bid of 1♥ or 1♠ promises at least four cards in the suit bid. The usual alternative is five-card majors. The four-card major agreement was standard during the first four decades of contract bridge, but has since given way to five-card majors in most "standard" systems such as 2/1 game forcing and Standard American. It is used in Acol, the Blue Team Club and EHAA.
Four-deal bridge: See Chicago.
Fourth

A player needed to complete a table, usually said of rubber bridge.
De un palo de cuatro cartas: por ejemplo, Q987 se conoce como "reina cuarta" o "reina-cuarta".

Cuarta mano: El cuarto jugador con la oportunidad de pujar o jugar a una baza.
Forzar el cuarto palo (FSF o 4SF)

El uso inicial de una oferta del cuarto palo como forzar a algún nivel.
Un acuerdo de que la oferta de la sociedad del cuarto palo, además de su naturaleza forzosa, es posiblemente artificial .

Fragmento: Una tenencia de tres o incluso dos cartas en un palo, por lo tanto, no es lo suficientemente larga como para sugerir un palo de triunfo. Una sociedad puede tratar la oferta de un fragmento como un medio de implicar que es corto en otro palo (ver oferta de fragmentos ). También se puede ofertar un fragmento después de la subida única de un mayor como intento de juego de palo de ayuda .
Oferta de fragmento: Una oferta de salto de segunda ronda (generalmente un salto doble) que por acuerdo muestra un ajuste con el palo de la última oferta del compañero y un corto en otro palo. Según este acuerdo, en 1 ♣ - 1 ♥ ; 3 ♠ la oferta de 3 ♠ es una oferta de fragmentos, que muestra un ajuste para corazones y un singleton o vacío en diamantes. El palo de la oferta de fragmentos suele tener tres cartas de largo. Compare con la oferta de Splinter .
Mano anormal o anormal: Una mano con un traje o trajes muy largos. La mayoría consideraría una mano con dos palos de seis cartas como un fenómeno.
Oferta gratuita: Una oferta que se realiza cuando un pase aún permitiría al socio hacer una oferta. Normalmente se utiliza para una oferta que se realiza después de que el socio haya abierto la oferta y RHO haya realizado una sobrevaloración. Compare con la oferta gratuita negativa .
Finura libre: Una posición en la que un jugador conduce a la tenace de un oponente , resolviendo la posible suposición de ese oponente. El término se usa normalmente cuando el jugador se ve obligado a tomar esa ventaja.

	♥ Q 8
♥ J 5	W N ↑ S ↓ E	♥ K 3
	♥ A 10

Congelado: Un traje congelado es aquel en el que ninguno de los bandos puede jugar sin dañar su propia sujeción en el traje. El declarante puede a veces pato plomo de la defensa para congelar el traje. Vea el ejemplo a la derecha.

G

Apuestas 3NT: Una oferta de apertura de 3NT. El postor espera hacer el contrato por medio de un palo menor largo en lugar de una preponderancia de cartas altas.
Juego

Un contrato , licitado y hecho, por valor de 100 puntos o más. Los contratos de juego sin duplicar son 3NT (40 para el primer truco + 30 cada uno para el segundo y el tercero); 4 ♥ y 4 ♠ en las mayores (4 trucos × 30 puntos por truco); 5 ♣ y 5 ♦ en las menores (5 bazas × 20 puntos por baza). El juego también se puede realizar mediante un contrato duplicado o redoblado : por ejemplo, 2 ♠ duplicado vale 2 × (2 trucos × 30 puntos por truco) = 120 puntos. La pareja que hace una oferta y hace el juego recibe una bonificación . Consulte la puntuación del puente .
En el puente de goma y Chicago , una puntuación de 100 o más puntos por debajo de la línea , lograda ya sea haciendo un contrato de juego o convirtiendo una puntuación parcial .

Fuerza de juego (GF o FG): Una oferta que le pide al socio que no apruebe antes de que la oferta del socio haya llegado al juego (o los oponentes se hayan duplicado a un nivel lo suficientemente alto como para compensar). Algunos tratamientos relajan el requisito: por ejemplo, el acuerdo de que en la secuencia 1M - 2m, la respuesta de 2m es una fuerza de juego a menos que se vuelva a declarar el palo . Entonces, en 1 ♠ - 2 ♦ ; 2 ♥ - 3 ♦ , 3 ♦ cancelaría el mensaje de fuerza del juego de la oferta 2 ♦ .; See also Forcing bid, Grand slam force and One round force.
Game try: A bid that invites partner to bid game in a particular suit, made when a fit in that suit is known more than one level below game. Routinely the occasion a single raise from one to two of a major, as both 1S - 2S and 1C - 1S - 2S (opponents silent). In those two auctions all five bids from 2N to 3S are potentially game tries. What does it mean to bid one side suit rather than another? A short suit game try shows singleton or void in the suit bid, which implies significant duplication of values if partner holds the K or Q (the A or J, less so, and three small shows there is no duplication). A help suit game try shows at least three cards, generally with at least two losers. In 1984, the Enciclopedia se refirió a la entrada "intento de juego de palo débil" y dio tres cartas pequeñas, por ejemplo. También se refirió "prueba de juego" a la entrada "oferta de prueba" con las participaciones de ejemplo xxx, Axx, KTxx y Jxxx en el palo lateral; la corta es una buena sujeción y también lo es un buen traje. Es probable que un traje así sea bueno para que los defensores ataquen. Un try de juego de palo largo muestra un palo de al menos cuatro cartas, por lo que no es improbable un doble ajuste; si es un palo mayor, ese es un palo de triunfo alternativo potencial. De todos modos, muestra que una tarjeta de presentación es útil independientemente de su longitud, y es probable que otras tarjetas ayuden.
Ajuste dorado: Una asociación combinada con al menos ocho cartas de un palo. En el Reino Unido, simplemente conocido como ajuste .; Ver también ajuste de Moysian
Bien: Dicho de una tarjeta o tarjetas que se han establecido .
Sistema Goren, o Goren: Un sistema de licitación dominante en los Estados Unidos desde la década de 1940 hasta la de 1960, basado en el sistema Culbertson . La principal diferencia entre los dos sistemas estaba en la evaluación de manos : Culbertson usó trucos de honor para evaluar la fuerza de una mano, mientras que Goren usó puntos de cartas altos y puntos de distribución .
Estofado húngaro: Un estilo de reparto, generalmente en los juegos de caucho y de Chicago , donde las cartas no se mezclan a fondo entre los repartos y se reparten en grupos. Da lugar a distribuciones de tarjetas "comodín" .
Gran golpe: Un golpe de triunfo en el que las cartas fallidas en la mano de triunfo largo ya son ganadoras.
Grand Slam: Ver slam .
Verde: (Argot, principalmente británico) No vulnerable. Del color de la pintura en un tablero duplicado. También: "verde todo" y "ambos verdes", ninguno de los lados es vulnerable; y "en verde" o "verde contra rojo ", no vulnerable contra vulnerable.
Fuerza de Grand Slam (GSF): Un método para determinar si la asociación tiene los máximos honores de triunfo cuando la oferta de un grand slam es una posibilidad. En su forma original, el GSF se inició con una oferta de 5NT, pidiéndole al socio que ofreciera un grand slam con dos de los tres primeros honores en el palo de triunfo. Dependiendo de la licitación anterior, a menudo se utilizan otras licitaciones en lugar de 5NT, y existe una variedad de esquemas para responder al GSF. Ver Josephine .; Consulte también Oferta forzada , Fuerza de juego y Fuerza de una ronda .
Gambito de Grosvenor: Una jugada que no crea una ventaja directa y puede perder. Sus características principales son que un oponente no sospechará que se ha realizado una jugada tan inepta, y que una vez que el oponente se dé cuenta de lo que ha ocurrido, se sentirá frustrado y enojado (y por lo tanto menos efectivo) durante las siguientes manos. La estratagema fue descrita por primera vez en una historia satírica de Frederick B. Turner en la edición de junio de 1973 de The Bridge World .
Guardia: Un agarre que evita que un oponente haga un truco o trucos. Ver tapón , apretar protector .

H

Mano

Las 13 cartas que tiene un jugador en un reparto .
Un trato o una junta .
Normalmente, un jugador que cuenta en rotación desde el crupier o de primera mano . Por ejemplo, "Oferta de tercera mano 1 ♠ ".

Patrón de mano: Ver distribución .
Registro de mano: Un documento que enumera las cartas en cada mano de cada tablero jugado en una sesión de bridge duplicada. A menudo, los registros de manos también enumeran los contratos que cada pareja puede hacer con el juego de declarante de doble muerto y la defensa de doble muerto.
Ayuda a probar el juego: The bid of a side suit after a single raise, used to help partner evaluate game prospects when opener's hand is roughly a trick stronger than a minimum opening. For example, after 1♥ - 2♥, opener might rebid 3♣ with a side club suit or a strong club fragment. The bid tells partner where high cards will be most helpful, and requests partner to take positive action, such a direct jump to game, with strength in that suit. Otherwise, the bid requests partner to sign off (in this example, by bidding 3♥). See short-suit game try and game try.
Herbert negative: El uso de la oferta más barata (a veces sólo la oferta más barata traje) como artificiales respuesta negativa a (por ejemplo) obligando 2-ofertas, artificiales fuerte 2 ♣ , o dobles de comida para llevar . Fue defendido por Walter Herbert .
Vacilación: Una breve pausa antes de una oferta o jugada, considerada algo más corta que una reunión .
Señal alta-baja: Ver eco .
Carta alta

Una tarjeta de honor .
La carta de mayor rango en un palo en cualquier momento durante el juego.

Puntos de cartas altos (HCP): A measure or estimate of the strength of cards in the play of a deal. Routinely the high card points of all 13 cards in one player's hand are counted in sum, as a measure of playing strength of the entire hand, or one component of such a measure. Every honor card is assigned a numeric value. See Hand evaluation.
Hold

To keep declarer to a particular number of tricks, usually the number required to make the contract.
To have in one's hand a particular card or set of cards.
(Of a card) To win a trick although a higher card is outstanding.

Hold up

(Verbo) Aplazar la toma de una carta ganadora hasta un punto ventajoso en la mano, generalmente en referencia a las bazas a las que han llevado los oponentes. Hay varios propósitos para detener a un ganador, pero con frecuencia se hace para obligar a los oponentes a usar sus entradas demasiado pronto.
(Sustantivo) El acto de sostener a un ganador.

Tenencia

Las cartas en la mano de un jugador en un punto particular del juego (a menudo, al comienzo del juego).
Las cartas de un palo específico en la mano de un jugador.

Honor / honor, o honor / tarjeta de honor: Un as, rey, reina, jota o diez.
Honores / honores o bonificación de honor / honor: En Rubber Bridge y Chicago , una bonificación de puntuación . El bono es de 100 puntos por una mano que tenga cuatro de los cinco honores del palo de triunfo. El bono es de 150 puntos por los cinco palos de triunfo, o los cuatro ases en un contrato de NT.
Trucos de honor / honor: Un método de evaluación manual utilizado en el sistema Culbertson , que asigna valores de puntos a los honores y combinaciones de honores. AK son dos trucos de honor, AQ es 11/2 trucos de honor, A o KQ es 1 truco de honor, y Kx es 1/2truco de honor. Similar en concepto a los trucos rápidos en el juego de la mano.
Gancho: (Argot) Finesse (sustantivo o verbo).
Jugador de la casa: Un empleado de un club de bridge que está disponible como cuarto .
Movimiento Howell: Un movimiento de torneo de parejas en el que cada pareja suele jugar contra todas o la mayoría de las otras parejas, y hay un solo grupo de ganadores. La mayoría de las parejas se moverán a una posición de asiento diferente (generalmente en una mesa diferente) al final de cada ronda.
Grupo

(Sustantivo) Una pausa antes de una oferta o jugada de duración superior a la habitual.
(Verbo) Tomar esa pausa prolongada.

TARAREAR: Siglas o iniciales de métodos altamente inusuales.

Yo

Inactivo: (Dicho de una carta) Disponible como descarte; no se requiere para propósitos tales como proteger el traje de los oponentes o interferir con sus comunicaciones.
DIABLILLO: Acrónimo de International Match Point .
Impropiedad: Una infracción de la conducta ética o la etiqueta; una acción que viola las propiedades .
IMP: La forma de puente duplicado que utiliza puntos de partido internacionales ) como método de puntuación, a diferencia de un torneo puntuado utilizando puntos de partido (MP).
Detrás de

	♠ Q54
Irrelevante	W N ↑ S ↓ E	♠ K76
	♠ A98

Una carta o tenencia que está a la izquierda , detrás o sobre otra. Decir que la ♠ A está detrás de la ♠ K es decir que el as está a la izquierda del rey, o detrás de él, o sobre él; entonces, el ♠ A está en posición de capturar directamente el ♠ K.
Individual: Una forma de puente duplicado , puntuado en puntos de partido, en el que cada jugador se empareja con un compañero diferente en cada ronda.
Doble informativo: A double that is intended to convey information rather than to exact a penalty from the opponents. Such doubles include the takeout double, the negative double, the support double, the responsive double and the lead-directing double, although the latter is intended to convey information and to penalize.
Infraction: A player’s breach of the Laws of Bridge or of a lawful regulation made under them.
In front of

	♠Q54
♠K76	W N↑ S↓ E	Irrelevant
	♠A98

Una tarjeta o tenencia que se encuentra a la derecha o debajo de otra. Decir que el ♠ A es frente a la ♠ K es decir que el as está a la derecha del rey, o debajo de ella, y normalmente no se puede capturar el ♠ K si es reservado.
Oferta insuficiente: Una oferta que no es superior a la oferta inmediatamente anterior y, por lo tanto, es ilegal.
Insulto: (Argot) La bonificación por hacer un contrato duplicado o redoblado a veces se denomina "insulto" o "por el insulto".
Oferta de seguro: Una oferta, generalmente una oferta de sacrificio , destinada a evitar que los oponentes jueguen su contrato óptimo presunto o inferido . El postor espera que la prima del seguro, la penalización debida a la oferta de sacrificio, sea menor que el daño de permitir que los oponentes cumplan su contrato.
Interferencia: Una llamada, tal como un sobre-declaración inicial o un preempt , que se pretende que sea más difícil para los oponentes para hacer una oferta a su mejor contrato.
Intermedio: 1) Los nueves, ocho y siete a veces se denominan "cartas intermedias". Ver cuerpo .; 2) Una sobreclamación de salto que por acuerdo se puede realizar con una mano de fuerza de puja inicial y un palo largo se denomina "sobreclamación de salto intermedio".; 3) Una oferta inicial de dos ofertas que por acuerdo se puede realizar con valores justo por debajo de los requeridos para una oferta inicial que obliga al juego se denomina "dos ofertas intermedias".
Punto de partido internacional (IMP): 1) (Noun) A method of scoring, usually in a teams match, that compares the score achieved on a board with that obtained by one's teammates on the same board, and converts the difference between these scores to IMPs using a scale defined by WBF. The IMP scale's effect is to reduce the weighting of large differences, thus making it less likely that the outcome of an entire match will depend on one or a small number of boards. For example a difference of 30 (one overtrick) is worth 1 IMP, but a difference of 680 (say 1100 at one table and 420 at the other table) is worth only 12 IMPs.; 2) (Verb) To perform the IMP score conversion.
Intervenor: The first player on the other side to make a call other than pass when one side has opened the bidding.
Intra-finesse: Una técnica que implica sucesivas sutilezas contra ambos oponentes.
Menores invertidos: Un acuerdo que trata la subida única de un palo menor como fuerte y una subida doble como preventiva.
Invitación: Una oferta que se invita a la pareja a hacer una oferta en juego o golpe si tiene valores extra . Es una oferta no forzosa por definición. Compare la oferta semi- forzada.
IPBM: International Popular Bridge Monthly , una revista británica sobre puentes.
Iron Duke, no a través del: Una frase trillada que describe el juego de una carta alta por parte de un jugador cuya posesión de cartas alta se lleva a cabo; o la declaración de ese jugador.
Irregularidad: A breach of procedure, as described in the Laws and Proprieties, in bidding or play. If one is available, a director should be called to the table to make a ruling.
Isolate: (Said of a menace card) To isolate a menace in squeeze play is to arrange that only one opponent can guard one of declarer's threat suits. The play is conceptually similar to transferring a control.

J

Jacoby transfer, or Jacoby, or "transfers": A bidding convention initiated by responder following partner's notrump opening bid that requests opener rebid in the suit ranked just above that bid by responder, i.e. a response in diamonds requests a rebid in hearts and a response in hearts requests a rebid in spades; other responses may carry other meanings; designed to make the stronger hand declarer.
Jacoby 2NT: By agreement, a forcing raise of a major suit opening bid, used in conjunction with limit jump raises. Opener is requested to rebid in a suit where he holds a singleton so that responder can better evaluate the fit.
Jam the bidding: (Slang) To preempt.
Jettison: The discard of an honor, often by a defender, and usually to unblock a suit.
Josephine: Grand slam force, an alternative term popular in Europe. The convention was developed by Ely Culbertson, and popularized in a late 1930s article by Josephine Culbertson in The Bridge World
Journalist leads: Opening lead convention, mainly against notrump contracts, designed to show both what the leader has, and to request specific partner actions in return.
Jump

(Noun) A jump bid.
(Verb) To make a jump bid.

Jump bid: A bid made at a level higher than the lowest level at which that suit could be legally bid.
Jump overcall: An overcall made at higher than the minimally legal level: for example, 1♥ - (2♠). In the 1930s, jump overcalls were treated as strong bids. They are now more frequently treated as weak, preemptive bids.
Jump preference: A preference to partner's first-bid suit, made at a level higher than the minimally legal level. In the following sequence, 3♥ is a jump preference: 1♥ - 1♠; 2♦ - 3♥. For many years, the jump preference was treated as invitational except in support of opener's minor, when it was treated as forcing. As of 2001, however, most experts treat all three-level jump preference bids as invitational following opener's one-level new-suit rebid: e.g., 1♣ - 1♦; 1♠ - 3♣
Jump raise: A raise of partner's suit one level higher than the minimum legal raise. For example, 1♥ - 3♥ or 1♦ - 1♥; 3♥
Jump rebid: A rebid of one's original suit, one level higher than necessary, usually showing a six-card suit: for example, 1♦ - 1♥; 3♦. The range of strength shown by a jump rebid is a matter of partnership agreement: some treat it as a one-round force, others (particularly if playing Kaplan–Sheinwold and the rebid suit is a minor) play it as only a little weaker than a game-forcing opening bid.
Jump shift: A jump bid of a new suit.; 1) As a rebid by opener (e.g. 1♥ – 1♠; 3♣) or responder (e.g. 1♥ – 1♠; 1NT – 3♣), it indicates extra strength; 2) As direct response (e.g. 1♥ – 2♠): usually, a very strong hand. However, another treatment (weak jump shifts, requiring prior partnership agreement) uses the bid preemptively to show a weak hand and a long suit.
Junior: A player under the age of 26. Various national, regional, and world competitions use this designation.

K

Kaplan–Sheinwold (K–S): A bidding system that uses five card majors and the weak notrump.
Keycard Blackwood, or Key Card Blackwood (KCB): A variant of the Blackwood convention in which five keycards are counted, four aces plus the king of the apparent trump suit, rather than four aces alone. Commonly there is a follow-up to ask about the queen of trump ("Queen ask"), effectively the sixth keycard.
Kibitzer: A spectator who attends a game in person.
Kickback: An ace-asking or keycard-asking convention initiated by the first step above four of the apparent trump suit rather than uniformly by 4NT. Thus Kickback saves space when the trump suit is not spades. See Useful Space Principle and Blackwood: Asking bids other than 4NT.
Kiss of death: At pairs, plus or minus 200. A score of minus 200, down two undoubled and vulnerable, or down one doubled and vulnerable, is a likely bottom against a part score by the opponents. A score of plus 200 from making five-odd of a major after stopping in a partial, is a likely bottom against the game contracts bid by other pairs holding the same cards.
Knockout (KO), or Knockout Teams: A single-elimination tournament for teams-of-four. Routinely each round pairs all of the competing teams in head-to-head matches—win or lose; no draw or tie. Winners advance to the next round and losers are eliminated. The size of the field, or initial number of competing teams, must be a power of two. Only then, the format generates for each round an even number of teams, which enables a complete set of head-to-head matches.; Minor variants of great practical importance handle fields of any size by incorporating byes (definition 1) or matches with more than two teams (stipulated to have more than one winner, more than one winner, or both).; Two major variants are double knockout, in which teams are eliminated after losing two matches, and repechage, in which one-match losers drop into a secondary event from which some number of top performers return to the primary event.
Knockout squeeze: A type of squeeze that operates in part against the defender's trump holding, when the defender threatens to win a plain suit trick and then lead a trump, thus reducing declarer's ruffing tricks. It is usual to call this play a knockout squeeze when the squeezed defender is second to play to the trick, and to call it a backwash squeeze when the squeezed defender is fourth to play.
Kock–Werner Redouble: A rescue mechanism employed when partner's bid is doubled for penalties. Invented by Rudolf Kock and Einar Werner of Sweden. See also SOS Redouble.

L

Last Train: A conventional bid that is one step above the current bid and one step below game in a trump suit. It is a mild slam try and conveys no information about the suit bid. After 1♥ - 3♥; 4♣, 4♦ is Last Train, invites slam, and does not necessarily show a diamond control.
Late play: A board that is played after the remainder of the event has finished, usually because of slow play or an irregularity.
Law of Total Tricks (LTT), or "The Law": A guideline stating that the total number of cards held by both sides in their longest trump fits equals the total number of tricks available to both sides in their best trump contracts. See Hand evaluation.; The Law is sometimes interpreted to mean that one side can profitably contract for a number of tricks equal to its own combined trump length; for example, compete to 3♠ with a nine-card spade fit.
Laws of Contract Bridge and Laws of Duplicate Bridge: The definitions, procedures and remedies that define how rubber bridge and duplicate bridge are played. The Laws include the Proprieties, which discuss the game's customs and etiquette — often far more important than procedural matters. The Laws apply worldwide. Individual sponsoring organizations, such as the ACBL and the EBL, establish their own regulations for play, which may amplify the Laws but may not conflict with them.; One important difference between the laws of rubber bridge (contract) and duplicate bridge is that rubber players are expected to deal with irregularities themselves while duplicate players are expected to call the director.
Laydown: A contract that can be made on any rational line of play.
Lead: 1) The first card played to a trick, which dictates the suit that others must play if able to do so (see follow suit).; 2) The hand that is entitled to lead to the next trick is said to be "on lead" or to "have the lead."; 3) See opening lead.
Lead-directing double: A double by the partner of the prospective opening leader that requests the lead of a particular suit. Experienced partnerships usually agree on a set of suit priorities, such as opening leader's bid suit, doubler's bid suit, dummy's first bid suit, or a suit that dummy has just bid conventionally.
Lead out of turn: Playing a card when it was another player's turn to lead. Subject to penalty.
Lead through strength: A maxim that advises a defender to lead a suit in which LHO has high card strength, forcing declarer to play high or low before third hand plays. The corollary is that a defender is advised to lead up to weakness in the fourth hand.
Leap: To make a jump bid.
Leaping Michaels: A conventional overcall in 4♣ or 4♦ made in defense to opposing 2-level or 3-level preemptive openings. Leaping Michaels shows a strong two-suited hand (5-5 or longer) that is less suitable for a takeout double and is game forcing. Described as an overcall by some of a weak two-bid of a major, others expand its application to all weak preempts at the 2 or 3-level in both the majors and minors.
Leave in: To pass, often used of passing when partner's double was followed by a pass.
Lebensohl (Leb): Responder's bid of 2NT as a puppet to 3♣ in preparation for a sign-off. Normally used after an overcall of partner's 1NT opening, or after a double of partner's weak two bid. Also used after opponents weak two bid and partner's balancing take-out double.
Leg: (Slang) game. Normally used in reference to rubber bridge. "A leg up" means being vulnerable vs. non-vulnerable opponents. "Cut off their leg" means becoming vulnerable vs. opponents who are already vulnerable.
Length: The number of cards held in a suit.
Let through: (Slang) To allow a contract to make by misdefense.
Level: 1) The number of tricks that (when added to the book of six tricks) a bid or contract states will be taken. For example, a bid at the four level contracts to take (6 + 4) = 10 tricks.; 2) The property of a contract that states whether it is at the part-score, game or slam level.
Lever: (Slang, verb) To double. (In Britain at least, a penalty double: Leave 'er in. The past participle "levered" means, doubled for penalties.)
LHO: Left-hand opponent
Light: (Adv.) To enter the auction with relatively low values (for example, to "open light" or "overcall light"). To do so can be either a matter of tactics or of general style.
Lightner double: A penalty double, usually of a slam contract, that requests partner to choose an unusual suit for the opening lead. This criterion tends to regard as typical (and thus to exclude) a trump lead, the lead of defenders' bid suit, and the lead of an unbid suit.
Limit: In the bidding, to define a hand's strength with some degree of precision.
Limit Bid: A bid which establishes narrow limits on both the high card strength and distribution of the bidder's hand. In many bidding systems the following bid types are limit bids: (1) Natural notrump bids indicating balanced hands within a narrow high card strength range; (2) raises of partner's suit indicating a minimum number of cards in the raised suit, a narrow high card strength range, and likely ruffing values; or (3) rebids of one's own suit indicating a minimum suit length, an unbalanced hand, and a narrow high card strength range.
Limit jump raise: An invitational jump raise of a major suit, such as 1♥ - 3♥. Limit jump raises usually guarantee at least an 8-card fit in partner's major suit and around 10-11 HCP or the distributional equivalent.
Limit raise: Any call which invites partner to bid game in a suit partner has bid, previously. A limit raise promises trump support and hand strength about a king less than a minimum strength game force.
Line: 1) (with "the"): A line on a bridge scorepad that separates points for tricks that count toward game (see Below the line) from those that do not (see Above the line).; 2) On a given hand, the play strategy that is adopted by declarer or by the defenders.; 3) Bidding: See Up the line and Down the line.
Lock: 1) (Noun) A contract that is certain to succeed.; 2) (Verb) To force a particular hand onto lead such that it cannot relinquish the lead unscathed.
LOL: Little Old Lady (pronounced El-Oh-El). A facetious reference to a seemingly weak player.
Long cards: Cards of the same suit, remaining in one hand, after all the other cards in that suit have been played from the other hands.
Long hand: In a partnership, the hand with the longer trumps.
Long suit: 1) In a hand, the suit with the greatest number of cards. Seldom used of a suit with fewer than five cards.; 2) Any suit of unusual length.; 3) Any suit of at least four cards. A four-card suit is likely to be called long when in context concerning a hand that is known to hold another suit, or even two, expected to be at least as long.
Long suit game try: Following a major suit raise to the two level, the long suit game try names a suit with at least four cards, so that partner's cover card is useful regardless of length in the suit. A double fit is not unlikely and, if a major suit, that is a potential alternative trump suit.; 2) Alternative term for a help suit game try. In some usage the "help suit game try" is barely distinguishable from the long, in some barely distinguishable from the weak.
Loser: A card which apparently cannot take a trick.
Loser on loser: A card play tactic that attempts to create an advantage by playing two losers, often of different suits, on the same trick. Loser-on-loser play has many applications, including the creation of a ruffing position for declarer, the avoidance of overruffs by the defense, and interference with the opponents' communications.
LROB: Limit Raise Or Better. Example: "1H-2NT = Heart-support, LROB."
Losing trick count (LTC): A method of hand evaluation based on counting losers.
Love: No score. "Love all" means that neither side is vulnerable.
Low: (Adjective) A card that is not expected to take a trick.
Low–high signal: On defense, to play a higher card, having already played a lower one, so as to convey information to partner. Contrast Echo, or high–low signal.
Lucas twos: A synonym or close variant of the Muiderberg convention, a weak two-bid showing 5 cards in a major and at least four cards in another suit.

M

MacGuffin: A defensive card that, if retained, is a liability on one line of play, but that, if played, will be missed on another line of play. The term may be derived from the filmic plot device of the same name.
Major penalty card: A card that is exposed by a defender prematurely and through intentional play; or, an honor card that is exposed prematurely even if accidentally. A major penalty card remains face up on the table to be played at the first legal opportunity, including as a discard. Contrast Minor penalty card.
Major suit: The heart suit and the spade suit are major suits, often referred to simply as the majors. Declarer scores 30 points for each trick taken in an undoubled contract with a major suit as trump. Because game requires at least 100 points for tricks bid and made, both 4♥ and 4♠ (or 2♥ doubled and 2♠ doubled) constitute game contracts. Contrast Minor suits.
Major tenace: The highest and the third highest remaining cards in a suit, held in the same hand. For example, the ♠AQ before spades have been played. Tenaces define the structure of finesses. See minor tenace.
Make: (Verb) To take at least as many tricks as a contract calls for. Frequently used in the past tense of the verb, i.e. Made.
Mama–Papa: (Adjective) An unsophisticated game, approach to bidding, or line of play.
Marionette Bid: (Noun) A type of relay bid in which the cheapest response is expected nearly all the time, thus similar but not identical to a puppet bid. Name derives from "a puppet with strings."
Marked: To be known to hold a particular card: "He was marked with the ♥Q."
Marked finesse: A finesse for a card that evidently lies with a particular opponent.
Master: The highest card of a suit that is yet to be played.
Masterpoints: Units awarded, usually by national organisations, for successful performance in a bridge tournament.
Match: A series of hands played by two teams in knockout events. One pair from each team sits North-South at one table and the other pair sits East-West at the other table.
Matchpoints: A type of scoring in duplicate bridge. A pair's score on a given board is one matchpoint for every pair they outscored and one-half matchpoint for every pair they tied. (Outside the US these awards are often doubled, so as to avoid the award of fractional matchpoints.) See comparative scoring.
Matrix: The layout of the cards that play pivotal roles in certain endplays, most typically squeezes.
Maxims: A maxim of bridge is a brief expression of a general principle of the game. Most Bridge maxims have some validity but none are true in all circumstances.
Maximal overcall double: By prior agreement, a game-invitational double of an overcall that leaves no room for a bid, when a bid would invite game. For example, after 1♠ - (2♥) - 2♠ - (3♥) there is no room below 3♠ for a game invitation (and a bid of 3♠ itself would be taken as merely competitive), so a double is used as a game invitation.
McKenney: See Suit preference signal.
Menace: A card that requires an opponent to retain a higher card in the same suit, as a guard. The term is typically used of squeeze play.
Merrimac coup: The deliberate sacrifice of a high card to remove a vital entry to an opponent's hand, usually the dummy. Named for a ship sunk during the Spanish–American War, to block the entrance to a harbor. Sometimes confused with, and spelled as, the Merrimack, the American Civil War ship that fought the Monitor. See Deschapelles coup.
Michaels cue bid: By prior agreement, an immediate cue bid in the suit of an opponent's opening bid, such as 1♦ - (2♦), for two-suited takeout. The cue bid of a minor suit shows length in both major suits. The cue bid of a major suit typically shows length in the other major suit and in an unspecified minor suit.
MiniBridge: A simplified form of contract bridge designed to expose newcomers to declarer and defensive playing techniques without the burden of learning a detailed bridge bidding system.
Minor penalty card: A card below the rank of an honor card that is exposed by a defender prematurely but accidentally, via mishap. A minor penalty card remains face up on the table until played. The minor penalty card must be played before any other card below honor rank in the same suit; however, an honor in the same suit may be played before the minor penalty card is played. Contrast Major penalty card.
Minor suit: The club suit and the diamond suit are minor suits. Declarer scores 20 points for each trick taken in an undoubled contract with a minor suit as trump. Because game requires at least 100 points for tricks bid and made, both 5♣ and 5♦ (or 3♣ doubled and 3♦ doubled) constitute game contracts. Contrast Major suits.
Minor tenace: The second-highest and the fourth-highest (or lower) remaining cards in a suit, held in the same hand. For example, the ♠KJ before spades have been played. See major tenace.
Mirror: Identical hand distributions: "North and South had mirror distributions."
Misbid: A bid that fails to describe the hand properly. Often a misdescription of a hand's shape, as distinct from an overbid or underbid.
Misfit: Two partnership hands, neither of which can support the other's long suit. For example, a red Two-suiter opposite a black Two-suiter constitutes a misfit.
Mitchell movement: A pairs tournament movement in which the pairs sitting in one direction (usually North-South) stay in the same seats throughout, but after each round the pairs sitting in the other direction (usually East-West) move to the next higher numbered table, and the boards are moved to the next lower numbered table. Unless an arrow switch is performed, the effect is to create two events, a "North-South" contest and an "East-West" contest, with separate winning pairs, though a single winner can still be determined by comparing percentage results.
Mixed: 1) Of an event: contested by pairs or teams in which every pair comprises one male and one female player.; 2) In the auction: A mixed raise is, by agreement, a jump cue bid of opener's suit in support of partner's overcall. It tends to show four card support for partner's suit and the strength of a good single raise. In 1♦ - (1♥) - 1♠ - (3♦), 3♦ is a mixed raise.
Morton's fork coup: A play that forces the defense to choose between taking a high card that will establish extra winners for declarer, and ducking the trick, after which the high card cannot be cashed.
Movement: In a tournament, the scheme for the progression of players and boards from table to table, arranged so that a pair does not play the same boards twice, or meet the same opponents twice etc. The most common movements for pairs tournaments are Howell and Mitchell.
Moysian fit: A 4–3 trump fit, or a contract with such a trump fit. Named after The Bridge World editor Alphonse "Sonny" Moyse Jr, who wrote and published a variety of articles that promoted the virtues of such fits or contracts, some bidding styles designed to locate them, and some techniques for playing them well.
MUD: Acronym of "Middle, Up, Down", a lead convention which describes the sequence in which cards from a holding of three low ones (all less in rank than the 10) are played.
Muiderberg convention: A weak two-bid showing 5 cards in a major and at least four cards in another suit.
Multi: An ambiguous opening bid of 2♦ that promises one of several different types of hand. Originally entitled "multicoloured 2 Diamonds".

N

Natural: A call which indicates either: (1) a willingness to play the contract named, (2) a suit bid suggesting length or strength in that suit, (3) a notrump bid that suggests a balanced hand, (4) a double that suggests the ability to defeat the opponent's contract, (5) a redouble to suggest that the contract can be made in the face of a double by opponents, or (6) a pass that suggests weakness, satisfaction with the last bid made or no desire to make a further call. Contrast Artificial.
NBB: Nederlandse Bridge Bond (Dutch Bridge League).
Negative double: A conventional call used by responder in a competitive auction to denote possession of at least one unbid suit.
Negative free bid: Responder's suit bid following an opening bid and an overcall. Nonforcing by prior agreement.
Negative inference: An inference based on something that did not happen. For example, if a defender does not overruff, declarer might conclude that he could not overruff. Or if declarer does not ruff a loser in dummy, a defender might conclude that declarer does not have a loser in that suit.
Negative response: A bid that shows insufficient values for a stronger response. For example, a 2♦ response to a forcing 2♣ opening bid is often negative, as is a 1♦ response to a Precision 1♣.
Negative slam double: In a competitive auction, the double of a voluntarily bid slam to show no defensive tricks, and therefore to suggest a sacrifice.
Neuberg formula: In duplicate pairs tournaments, a method of fairly adjusting match point scores when not all boards have been played the same number of times. It gives equal weight to each board by calculating the expected number of match points that would have been earned if the board had been played the full number of times.
New minor forcing: By agreement, after 1m - 1M; 1NT, a bid of two of the unbid minor as artificial and forcing, often requesting three card support for responder's bid major or four cards in the unbid major. Sometimes called PLOB.
New suit: A suit that has not yet been bid.
NMF: New minor forcing.
No bid: An alternative to "pass". Used in the United Kingdom, where "pass" might be mis-heard as "hearts." Regarded as improper in the US.
Nonadverse suit, or non-adverse suit: A suit which has not yet been bid by either opponent.
Nonforcing bid, or non-forcing bid: A bid which partner may pass. See also Forcing bid, Invitation, Sign-off.
Nonvulnerable, or non-vulnerable: Not vulnerable.
None vulnerable: In rubber bridge, the state of the score in which neither pair has made a game. In duplicate bridge, the vulnerability condition under which neither pair is designated as vulnerable for the board in play. Also, "neither side vulnerable."
Norman four notrump: A slam-seeking convention
North–South: One of the partnerships designated on duplicate boards.
Not vulnerable: The state of vulnerability in which both bonuses and penalties are smaller. Therefore, less is at stake for a non-vulnerable pair investigating game or slam, or that is contesting the part score, than for a vulnerable pair. Also, "non-vulnerable."
Notrump, or no trump (NT): A contract, or a bid that names a contract without a trump suit. Notrump is the highest-ranking strain. WikiProject Contract bridge deprecates the two-word "no trump", however "no trump" is the usual spelling in the United Kingdom and in those European countries which have adopted this English term.
Notrump distribution, no trump distribution, or NT distribution: Balanced distribution. WikiProject Contract bridge deprecates the two-word "No Trump".
NPC, or npc: Non-playing captain.
Nuisance bid: An interference bid whose principal aim is not to preempt or to compete for the contract, but nevertheless to upset the smooth flow of the opponents' bidding sequence.
Number, as "go for a number": A very large penalty: "He went for a number." Often, "telephone number", alluding to the size of that number if regarded as a quantity. (Dating back to the 1930s when UK telephone numbers were only four figures, plus an exchange name!)^{[citation needed]} See also

O

Obligatory

1) Of a finesse: A duck, made in the hope that a high card will fall. For example, declarer holds ♥K432 opposite dummy's ♥Q765. The ♥2 is led to the ♥Q, which wins. Declarer now leads dummy's ♥5 and RHO follows with the ♥J. Declarer ducks, hoping that LHO must now play the ♥A. The play is obligatory because given the first heart trick, no other play can yield three tricks.

2) Of a falsecard: A falsecard that, like an obligatory finesse, cannot lose and might gain. An example is the play of the card that one is known to hold (for example, the play of a queen after it has been successfully finessed).

Odd

Specifying a level. To make 4♥ is to make four-odd.

Odd–even discards

A defensive carding scheme under which the play of an odd-numbered card is encouraging and that of an even-numbered card is discouraging. The rank of the card may be used to show suit preference.

Odd tricks

The number of tricks above six (the book) that are taken by declarer.

Off

1) (Slang) Down, or set. "We're off two" means "We have made two fewer tricks than our contract."

2) (Slang) offside.

Offense-to-defense ratio (ODR)

High ODR means a hand has characteristics more suited to winning the final contract, while Low ODR means it has characteristics more suited to defending against opponents' contract. ODR is not based on a mathematical formula, but refers to a player's judgement/perception of the hand.

Off shape, offshape, or off-shape

Having a distribution that does not quite conform to that suggested by a bid, such as an opening bid of 1NT with 2=2=6=3 shape, or a weak-two bid with a seven card suit.

Off the top

Said of some number of tricks that can be lost or won without gaining or losing the lead. "There were eleven tricks off the top in spades", to mean that declarer could take eleven tricks without interruption; or, "We're down off the top", to mean that the defenders can take at least four immediate tricks against 4♥.

Offside

Unfavorably located, from the point of view of the player taking a finesse. If East holds the ♣K and North the ♣AQ, from South's point of view the ♣K is offside. Contrast Onside.

Olympiad

A world bridge championship held every four years under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation.

On

1) Makeable. A contract that can be made is said to be on.

2) Onside.

3) (Suffix) In rubber bridge, preceded by a number that indicates progress toward game. If one has 40 points Below the line, one has 40-on.

One club system

A bidding system that uses a bid of 1♣ as artificial and forcing, but not necessarily strong.

One over one, or one-over-one (1/1)

To an opening one-bid, any one-level response in a suit; that is, one of a higher suit in response to opening one of a lower suit. Contrast Two over one.

One round force

A bid that requests partner to ensure that the bidding continue for at least one more round. If partner's RHO bids, partner may pass, but is otherwise expected to bid.

See also Forcing bid, Game force and Grand slam force.

One-suiter

A hand with only one long suit, normally refers to a hand with a six card or longer suit.

Onside

Favorably located, from the point of view of the player taking a finesse. If West holds the ♣K and North the ♣AQ, then from South's point of view the ♣K is onside. Contrast Offside.

Open

1) In the auction: To start the bidding by making the first call other than Pass.

2) Of a room used at a team event: allowing spectators. Normally at least one of two rooms is closed to spectators.

3) Of an event: not restricting entries in some way that is implicit. So participation in an open event is unrestricted in at least one respect:

a) not by invitation only (invitational event)

b) not by qualification in a preceding event or qualifier

c) not by representation of geographic zones, nations, cities, clubs, etc; nor by requirement that pair or team members share geographic residence, club membership, etc (national event, etc)

d) not by age, sex, or playing record (seniors, Masters, etc).

Open is generally ambiguous but it does have the last sense (d) in the names of WBF world championship events, where the relevant Categories are Youth (with subcategories), Seniors, Women, and Open. For the WBF, transnational means open in sense (c).

Opener

The player who makes the opening bid.

Opener's rebid

Opener's second bid.

Opening bid

The first bid in the auction.

Opening lead

The first card led by defenders. The dummy is not faced until after the opening lead, which makes the choice of opening lead more difficult than other leads. The opening lead can determine the outcome of the deal.

Opening leader

The declarer's LHO, who always makes the opening lead.

Opponent

A member of the other partnership or team.

Optimum contract

In unopposed bidding, the contract that cannot be improved upon by further bidding, nor could have been improved upon by taking a different line in earlier bidding. The contract is regarded as optimum because it offers the maximum score while minimizing the risk of failure.

Our hand

(Informal) A hand on which "our" side can take more tricks than their side.

Out-of-the-blue cue bid

See Advance cue bid.

Over

See In back of.

Overbid

1) (Noun) A bid that overstates a hand's strength.

2) (Verb) To bid voluntarily to a contract that the partnership cannot make.

3) (Verb) To bid too high, irrespective of the result.

4) (Noun) (obsolete) In old texts, may refer to an overcall.

Overboard

(Slang) Having overbid.

Overcall

The first bid made by one of opener's opponents unless they intervene first by a double.

Overcaller

The player making an overcall; may also be referred to as the intervenor. Contrast Advancer.

Overruff

To ruff with a higher trump following a prior ruff on the same trick.

Overtake

To play a card higher than the winning card played by partner, unnecessary to win the trick but necessary to gain the lead.

Overtrick

A trick taken by declarer beyond the number of tricks required by the contract.

P

Pack: Deck of cards.
Pair: Two players playing bridge together as partners. Partnership.
Pairs: A form of duplicate bridge in which each pair competes separately, as distinct from team and individual events. Pairs events are normally scored by matchpoints.
Palooka: (Slang) Someone who plays bridge worse than others in their usual level of play
Panama: A defence to a Strong Club whereby two-level bids show the suit bid or the other 3 suits.
Par, or par score: On a given deal, the score that results from best bidding and best play by both sides. See optimum contract and par contract.
Par contest: A competition that uses composed deals, designed to test each pair's bidding and its card play. After the bidding, pairs are instructed to play (or defend) a specified contract. Results are compared not with other tables but with the predetermined par result.
Par contract: That contract which results from optimal bidding by both sides, and which neither side could improve by further bidding.
Pard: (Slang) Partner.
Part score, or part-score: 1) A trick score less than 100, obtained by making a contract.; 2) The contract that results in that trick score.; 3) In rubber bridge, a total of fewer than 100 points below the line.
Partial: A part score.
Partial elimination: An endplay in which declarer is unable to remove all possible safe defensive exit cards, and must hope that the remaining cards are so distributed that the defense cannot get off lead safely.
Partner: The other member of the partnership.
Partnership: 1) See pair.; 2) Two partners who play together for an extended period.; 3) The complete set of agreements entered into by a pair.
Partnership bidding: Sequences in which the opponents do not compete.
Partnership desk: A service, provided by some tournaments, that locates a partner for a player who does not yet have one.
Partnership understanding, or partnership agreement: An agreement between partners, reached prior to the beginning of play, concerning the meaning of a call or of carding.
Pass: 1) A call indicating that the player does not wish to change the contract named by the preceding bid, double or redouble. To pass transfers the right to make the next call to passer's LHO, unless it is the third consecutive pass, which ends the bidding (but see Passed out). See also No bid.; 2) To play, from third hand, a lower card than the one led to the trick. If declarer leads the ♥J, LHO plays a small heart, and declarer plays the ♥2 from dummy's ♥AQ2, declarer has passed the ♥J.
Pass and pull: To make a forcing pass and on the next round remove partner's double by bidding.
Passed hand: A player who passed instead of opening the bidding. The inference is that a passed hand does not hold the values required to open the bidding (unless playing a strong pass bidding system).
Passed out: 1) A deal is passed out if the auction begins with four consecutive passes. There is no contract, no play of the hand, and (at rubber bridge) no score. The players proceed to the next deal.; 2) A bid, double, or redouble (an action) is passed out if it is followed by three passes, which end the auction. The last action identifies the contract and the play follows.
Passive defense: An approach to defending a hand that emphasizes waiting for tricks that declarer must eventually lose, getting off lead safely, and avoiding plays that will set up tricks for declarer. Often indicated when neither declarer nor dummy has a running side suit or when the declaring side may have over-reached in the bidding. Contrast Active.
Pass-or-correct: A bid made in response to partner's ambiguous call. For example, South opens with 1♠ and West bids 2♠, by prior agreement showing hearts and a minor. North passes and East bids 3♣, expecting West to pass if he holds clubs and to correct to diamonds otherwise.
Pass out: 1) To make the third of three consecutive passes following a bid, double or redouble.; 2) To make the fourth of four consecutive passes. Thus, a bid cannot have been made and the table progresses to the next deal.; 3) (Adjective) The seat where a pass would end the auction.
Pattern: See distribution.
Pearson points: High card points plus number of spades held. See Hand evaluation.
Penalty: 1) A score awarded to the defense when declarer's contract goes down. The size of the penalty depends on the number of tricks that declarer was set, the vulnerability, and whether the contract was doubled, or redoubled. See Score.; 2) A remedy assigned by a director to redress damage done by an infraction. The penalty for a minor, procedural infraction might be some number of tricks, matchpoints or IMPs, or disallowing a particular bid or play. A more serious violation of the game's Proprieties may be imposed by barring the offender from an event, a portion of an event, or from organized bridge.
Penalty card: A card, incorrectly exposed by the defense, whose subsequent proper play is governed by certain rules. See major penalty card and minor penalty card.
Penalty double: See double
Penalty pass: The pass of an informatory double, to convert it to a penalty double.
Percentage: In matchpoint scoring, refers to the number of matchpoints actually scored by a pair on a board, session, or event, as a percentage of the maximum number available.
Percentage play: A play that is chosen because the mathematics of suit distribution suggests that it is more likely to succeed than an alternative line. Usually said of play in a single suit rather than the hand as a whole.
Personal score: A record of the board number, opposing pair number, contract, declarer, tricks taken, and raw score kept by each player for the boards played by the partnership in a single session. The personal score often appears on the back of the convention card.
Peter: (Slang; chiefly British) See Echo. The term is said to derive from the Blue Peter, a nautical signal.
Phantom pair: In a pairs movement, if there is an odd number of pairs, then in each round one pair will have to sit out. The missing pair that they would have played is known as the phantom pair.
Phantom sacrifice: A sacrifice bid against a contract that the opponents would not have made. Also, False sacrifice or Phantom save.
Phoney club: A type of 1 Club opening bid which shows opening values but does not guarantee clubs, denies a five card major (and often 5 diamonds as well) and may have as little as one club (on a 4441 shape hand). Usually played as forcing for one round. A variant of a short club.
Pianola: (Slang) A hand that is so easy it plays itself. "Pianola" is a trademarked brand of player piano (a piano that plays automatically).
Pick up: 1) (Verb) To run a suit without losing a trick in it.; 2) (Adjective) Said of a partner who completes a pair, or of a pair that completes a team, just prior to the start of an event.
Pick-up slip: A type of score slip on which the result of a deal is recorded for the purpose of comparative scoring. Used in certain event formats, it is picked up after each round by the director or his caddy. Also referred to as a pick-up card.^[7] Contrast Traveller.
Pin: The lead of a high card from one hand to capture a singleton of lower rank in an opponent's hand.
Pip: 1) A spot card.; 2) A suit symbol (♠, ♥, ♦, ♣) on a card.
Pitch: To discard.
Pivot: 1) (Adjective) Of the suit that both defenders must guard in a double squeeze.; 2) (Verb) In party bridge, to change partners while remaining at the same table.; 3a) (Verb) In duplicate bridge, to play one round in a given direction, and the next round in the opposite direction at the same table; 3b) (Noun) In duplicate bridge, a pivot table is a table where each pair will perform a pivot. This can only happen in a Howell movement, or another similar movement, where players move between East-West and North-South during the course of the game.
Plafond: A French, whist-like card game whose scoring foreshadowed that used in contract bridge.
Plain suit: A suit that is not trump; a side suit.
Play: 1) (Noun) The stage of a deal when players attempt to take tricks. The declarer tries to take at least as many tricks as the contract calls for, and the defenders try to prevent that outcome.; 2) (Verb) To contribute a card to a trick, either by displaying its face (as in duplicate bridge) or by placing it face up on the table (as in rubber bridge).
Play for: To assume that the opponents have a particular distribution or holding, and to plan and conduct the play on that basis.
Playable: 1) (Of a contract) A rational, if not necessarily optimal, choice of strain and level.; 2) (Of an agreement) Leading to an acceptable result, if not in the best fashion.
Playing tricks: Cards, such as long cards, that will take tricks (usually, for declarer), and that therefore contribute to a hand's strength.
PLOB: Acronym or initialism for Petty Little Odious Bid, another name for New Minor Forcing. The name is derived from a diatribe by The Bridge World editor Alphonse "Sonny" Moyse Jr in the magazine's Master Solver's Club feature, which called the convention an "odious, meaningless, petty little bid".
Pocket: One of four slots in a duplicate board that hold the cards between plays.
PODI: A proxi-acronym for Pass=0, Double=1. Method for countering interference over Blackwood. Pronounced "podey".
Point: 1) A scoring unit: e.g., a trick taken by declarer in a minor suit contract scores 20 points.; 2) A metric used in hand evaluation, to quantify its strength in high cards and distribution.; 3) A metric, such as masterpoints, used in rating players.
Point-a-board: Another name for board-a-match.
Point count: A method of hand evaluation which assigns a numeric value to a hand's high cards and distributional features, used as a guideline in bidding.
Point count trap: A hand whose intrinsic trick-taking potential is less than a conventional point count would indicate.
Pointed suit: Spades or diamonds. The term refers to the shape at the tops of the suit symbols. Contrast Rounded suit.
Portland Club: A bridge club in London which published the first version of the Laws of contract bridge. The club remains part of the ongoing process of revising the laws, along with the ACBL and the EBL, because of the vesting of the copyright.
Position: (Noun) Seat at the table: North, South, East, West; or first, second, third, fourth.
Positional squeeze: A squeeze that can succeed against only a specific opponent, because at least one threat must lie over its guard. Compare with Automatic squeeze.
Positive response: A bid that announces the possession of at least minimum values. Often said of a response to a forcing opening bid. Contrast Negative response.
Post mortem: (Slang) A discussion of a hand, and the nature of the result, after the play has concluded.
Powerhouse: An unusually strong hand.
Prealert: An alert which must be made at the beginning of the round before play begins on the first board. Different national governing organizations may establish different requirements for prealerts. Examples of methods for which the ACBL requires a prealert include the following:

An agreement to lead the small card from "xx" on opening lead
An agreement (canapé) to bid the shorter of two suits before the longer suit with a two-suited hand
An agreement to use any bidding convention that entitles the opponents to consult a written defense during the auction

Precision, or Precision Club: A bidding system that combines the features of Kaplan–Sheinwold with a strong, artificial 1♣ opening bid.
Preempt, preemptive bid, or preemptive raise: 1) A bid (or raise) predicated on length of a suit rather than overall strength, primary function of which is to interfere with the opponents' bidding by taking away bidding space they need to exchange information.; 2) (Noun) A bid that has a preemptive effect, regardless of its intent.
Preference: A call that returns the bidding to partner's first-bid suit; for example, in 1♥ - 1♠; 2♦ - 2♥, 2♥ is a preference. A simple, non-jump preference shows neither strength nor support for the suit; it is simply a return to partner's presumably longer suit.
Prepared bid: A bid which differs from usual partnership practice that is chosen to avoid a later bidding problem. For example, playing five-card majors and holding a minimal strength opening hand, a strong four-card spade suit may be opened in preference to a weak five-card heart suit. See also prepared opening bid.
Prepared club: See short club.
Present count: A carding agreement under which a count signal shows the number of cards currently held. In a count-giving situation, a defender might first play the ♥3 from ♥753, and the ♥7 as his second play. Also, "current count."
Principle of restricted choice: A guideline to the play of the hand, concerning the probability of the location of key cards in the unseen hands. In particular it states that if a defender plays one of two adjacent missing cards (e.g. ♦QJ) then that defender is less likely also to hold the other missing card.
Progression: The movement of players and deals between rounds in an event.
Progressive squeeze: A squeeze in three suits that, when it matures, results in a new squeezed position in two suits.
Promote: 1) In the play, to cause a card to become a winner.; 2) In the bidding, to assign a higher value to a card, or to the hand as a whole, as a result of earlier calls made by partner or by the opponents.
Proprieties: A section of the Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge that describes, in general terms, proper conduct as to the exchange of information concerning a hand, as to attitude and etiquette, as to partnership agreements, and as to spectators' conduct.
Protect: See balance. (In the UK, protect is the more usual term.)
Protest: See appeal. (In the UK, appeal is the more usual term.)
Pseudo squeeze: A position that, to a defender, appears to be a true squeezed position, but is not. Declarer hopes that the defender will misplay as a result. The literature often gives as an example a position in which declarer has a void in dummy's apparent suit of entry.
Psych, psyche, psychic, or psychic bid: A call that grossly misstates high card strength or distribution, made so as to deceive the opponents. The Laws specify that psychic bids themselves are legal. It is, however, a violation to infer and fail to disclose that partner has psyched, when the inference is based on partnership agreement or experience. Sponsoring organizations regulate the use of certain psychic bids.
Psychic control: A bid that, by partnership agreement, announces that the player's previous bid was a psychic.
Pull: 1) To remove the opponents' trumps.; 2) To remove partner's double.
Pump: (slang) To force out an opponent's trump, usually by means of a forcing defense.
Puppet: An artificial bid that simply requests partner to make a specified cheap reply – commonly the cheapest sufficient bid, or next step.
Puppet Stayman: A version of Stayman employed after an opening bid of 1NT or 2NT which could include a five-card major.
Push: 1) (Verb) To force the opponents to make any subsequent call at a level higher than they have as yet.; 2) (Noun) A tied board in a pairs or team duplicate event.

Q

Quack: A portmanteau of queen and jack. Used in situations where it does not matter whether the queen or the jack is held or played, as well as to emphasize that it does not matter. See Principle of restricted choice.
Qualifying: (Adjective) A session or sessions preliminary to the final of an event.
Quantitative: 1) Of a bid: A call based, usually, on high card points, rather than a feature such as fit or shortness. A raise from 1NT to 3NT based on a 4-3-3-3 hand with 10 HCP is a quantitative raise.; 2) Of scoring: The method of scoring used in rubber bridge or in IMP events. The metric used is the number of points earned on each deal, perhaps adjusted by the IMP scale and victory points. In contrast, comparative scoring is based on the number of pairs that have been out-scored.
Queen ask, or queen-ask: In Key Card Blackwood, the cheapest bid over the response to 4NT, to ask responder for the trump queen.
Quick tricks: In card play, top ranking holdings able to win tricks immediately. Similar in concept to honor tricks in the evaluation of hand strength.
Quitted trick: A trick whose cards have all been turned face down (duplicate bridge) or gathered in front of the trick's winner (rubber bridge). In rubber bridge, a player may inspect a quitted trick if his side has not yet led to the next trick. In duplicate bridge, a player may inspect a quitted trick only if told to do so by a director.
Quotient: Points won divided by the sum of points won and points lost, occasionally used to break a tie.

R

Rainbow: A movement used in individual events.
Rainbow Trick: A trick consisting of all four suits, typically involving low cards.^[8]
Raise: A bid of partner's suit at a higher level. A raise shows a fit for partner's suit. 1?–2? is a single raise; 1?–3? is a double raise.
Rank

The position of an individual card relative to others: Aces have the highest rank, followed by K, Q, J, 10, ... 2.
The order of denominations in the bidding. Notrump is highest-ranked denomination, followed by spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. A higher-ranked suit may be bid at the same level as a lower-ranked suit; the reverse is not true.

Rebid

The second or a subsequent bid by the same player.
A bid by the same player in a suit he has already bid.

Rebiddable suit: A suit with sufficient length and strength, according to partnership agreements, to be rebid in certain defined circumstances.
Recap: (Abbreviation of "recapitulation") A summary of results in a bridge tournament.
Recorder: A member of a bridge organization whose responsibility it is to maintain a record of reports of possible violations of the Proprieties.
Rectify the count: To lose some number of tricks in preparation for a squeeze. Losing the tricks "tightens up" the end position, removing idle cards from the defenders' hands before they can be used as safe discards in the squeezed position.
Red: (Slang) Vulnerable. From the color of the paint on a duplicate board. Also: "Red vs. red" to mean both sides vulnerable, and "red vs. white" to mean vulnerable vs. not. (In British slang, those last two expressions are rarely used. The more usual ones are: "(at) game all", "both red" or "(at) red all"; and "at unfavourable", "at red", "red against green" or "red against not".)
Redeal: In rubber bridge, the prescribed remedy for a faulty deal. In duplicate bridge, redeals are not used except in special cases and under a director's supervision.
Redouble: A call that doubles the penalties and bonuses that apply to a previous double. Used conventionally, a redouble may also convey additional information.
Re-entry: A card that enables a hand to gain the lead on a later trick, after that hand has already gained the lead with a different entry card.
Refuse: (Verb). Of a trick, to duck.
Reject: To fail to comply with a bid that has made a request, such as an invitation or a transfer.
Relay bid, or relay: An artificial bid that requests partner to further describe his hand. The relay is usually the lowest available bid, so as to leave as much room for description as possible.
Relay system: A bidding system that consists of many relay bid sequences.
Relever or re-lever: (Slang) Redouble; by extension from lever.
Remove: To bid on over an undesired contract, especially a doubled contract.
Renege: Informal term for Revoke; associated with other games such as whist.
Reopen: See balance.
Repechage: A form of knockout competition in which winners advance and losers drop into a secondary event from which some number of top performers return to the primary event.^{[clarification needed]}
Rescue: To remove from a contract that partner has bid and which, often, has been doubled.
Responder: Opening bidder's partner.
Response: A bid by responder immediately following an opening bid and RHO's call.
Responsive double: A double that follows LHO's opening bid, partner's takeout double and RHO's raise of opener's suit, to show moderate values and no clear opinion as to the best strain.
Result merchant: (Slang) One who evaluates bids and plays according to their outcome, rather than to their intrinsic merit. Also, "Result player" and "Second guesser".
Retain the lead: Maintain the right to lead to the next trick by leading and winning the current trick.
Return: To lead back, usually the suit that partner led.
Reverse: A bidding sequence in which a single player, on consecutive calls, bids two different suits, and bids the two suits in the reverse order to that expected by the basic bidding system. The specific definition of a reverse therefore depends on the bidding system (see main article). The reverse is designed to show additional strength without the need to make a jump bid. Because the reverse takes up bidding space, the reverse bidder is usually expected to hold a stronger than average hand, usually more than 16 HCP.
Revoke: Failure to follow suit as required when a player is able to do so.
Rewind: (Slang) To redouble.
RHO: Right-hand opponent.
Rise, as "rise with": To play a high card in the hope of taking a trick: "Rise with the ace." Also, "go up with"
RKCB: Roman Key Card Blackwood, a slam bidding convention.
Robert coup: A rare end position which combines elements of ruff and discard, trump shortening, and endplaying to force an opponent to concede a trump trick
Roman: Descriptive of bids and carding agreements used or originated in the Roman system:

Roman 2♣ and 2♦: Three-suiters.
Roman Blackwood, Gerber and Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKCB): Step responses to the ace-asking bid that entail mild ambiguity.
Roman jump overcall: Two-suiter.
Roman asking bid: A request that partner bid his number of controls wholesale, via step responses.
Roman discards: odd-even discards.
Roman leads: Rusinow leads.

RONF: Acronym for "Raise (is the) Only Non-Force". A treatment used for responding to preempts, usually weak two bids. All bids except the single raise are forcing.
Rosenblum Cup: The award for winning the world knockout team championship that is held in even numbered years other than leap years. (The Bermuda Bowl is contested in odd numbered years and the World Team Olympiad in leap years.)
Rotation: The progression of the bidding and play in a clockwise direction around the table.
Roth–Stone: A bidding system popular in the U.S. during the 1960s. It features sound opening bids, five-card majors and negative doubles. It is the principal foundation for 2/1 Game Forcing.
Round

In the bidding, a sequence of four consecutive calls.
In duplicate bridge, a set of boards leading to another round (e.g., the semi-final round), or a set of boards that two pairs play against one another.
Of a control, the round on which the control can stop the opponents from winning a trick. An ace, for example, is a first round control; the king is a second round control.

Rounded suit: Hearts or clubs. The term refers to the shape at the tops of the suit symbols. Contrast Pointed suit.
Round-robin tournament, or round-robin: An event format in which each team eventually opposes each other team.
Rubber: In rubber bridge, the set of successive deals that ends when one of the pairs wins two games.
Rubber bonus: A bonus awarded to the pair winning the rubber: 500 points if the losers are vulnerable, 700 if they are not.
Rubber bridge: The original form of contract bridge, a contest with four players in two opposing pairs (as distinct from duplicate bridge, which requires a minimum of eight players).
Rubens advances: Transfer advances of overcalls. See Useful Space Principle.
Ruff: To play a trump on a trick when a plain suit was led.
Ruff and discard: The lead of a suit in which both opponents are void, so that one opponent can ruff while the other discards (or sluffs). A ruff and discard is usually damaging to the side that leads to the trick. Also, ruff and sluff or ruff and slough.
Ruff out: To establish a suit by ruffing one or more of its low cards.
Rule of Eight

Devised by Ely Culbertson. "The total of defensive honor-tricks that will be won at any bid (trump or no-trump) after each deal is about 8 out of the 13 tricks."
A way to decide whether to overcall an opponent's 1NT opening. Length in long suits, the losing trick count and HCP are combined.
Devised by David Burn from experience of playing with and of captaining teams of junior players. (1) Subtract the number of aces held by opponents from eight. (2) Don't play at that level.

Rule of Eighteen: Regulation by the World Bridge Federation stipulating that an opening bid is acceptable if the sum of the number of cards in the two longest suits plus the number of HCP is at least 18.
Rule of Eleven: A calculation that can be used when it is assumed that opening leader has led the fourth highest card in a suit. By subtracting the pips on the card led from 11, the result is the number of cards in the other three hands that are higher than the one led. Third hand, for example, can then make inferences about declarer's holding in the suit by examining his own and dummy's holdings; likewise, declarer can make inferences about right-hand-opponent's holding in the suit. (The rule can be modified to subtract from 12 if the lead is thought to be third best, and from 10 if the lead is thought to be fifth best.)
Rule of Fifteen: Guideline for opening light in fourth seat: open if your high card points plus your number of spades is 15 or more. Also known as the Cansino Count.^[9]
Rule of Five: When the bidding has reached the 5-level in a competitive auction, tend to defend rather than bid on. In other words, in competitive auctions, 5-level contracts belong to the enemy. See also Law of Total Tricks
Rule of Four: Avoid giving support for partner's 5-card suit if a superior 4-4 fit might be available.
Rule of Seven: When declarer's only high card in the suit led by the opponents is the ace, count the number of cards in that suit held by declarer and dummy, subtract from seven and duck that many times.
Rule of Three: On a competitive part score deal, with the points roughly equal between your side and theirs, once the bidding has reached the 3-level, tend to defend rather than bid on (unless your side has 9 trumps). See also Law of Total Tricks
Rule of Twenty: A widely used guideline of the Standard American Yellow Card (SAYC) bidding system which states that a hand may open bidding "normally" (that is, by bidding one of a suit) if the sum obtained by adding the combined length of its longest two suits to its high card points is twenty or more, but that weaker hands must either open with a preemptive bid or pass. See also Zar points evaluation method.
Rule of Two: When missing two non-touching honors, it is normally superior to finesse first for their lower honor. In the following two example hands, three tricks or the maximum possible are needed.

♠ AQ10

♠ 765

♥ KJ1053

♥ 87642

In the first hand, finesse the ♠10, not the ♠Q. Similarly in the second, lead the ♥2 and when West follows with the ♥9, it is best to finesse the ♥10. When one of the missing honors is the 10 the rule will not apply, as one does not normally finesse for a 10 on the first round.

Rule of Two and Three: A bidding guide suggested by Ely Culbertson, which counsels preemptors to be within two tricks of their contract if vulnerable, and within three if not. Few players now follow the Rule of Two and Three.
Ruling: A finding and decision by a tournament director or appeals committee.
Run: To play the winners in a suit.
Rusinow leads: An agreement to lead the second highest of touching honors.

S

Sac: (Slang) Sacrifice. Also, "sack."
Sacrifice

(Noun) A contract that was deliberately bid in the expectation of going down, in the hope of a penalty smaller than the opponents' expected score from making a contract they had bid.
(Verb) To bid to such a contract.

Safety level: A level at which the partnership can normally assume, on the basis of the previous bidding, that its contract will succeed. It is the point below which the partnership prefers to explore even higher contracts. Also, "security level."
Safety play: A play that maximizes the chances for fulfilling the contract (or for achieving a certain score) by avoiding a play which might result in a higher score. Contrast Percentage play, the best play in a suit, whereas a safety play is the best line for the contract.
Sandbag: (Slang) To bid weakly or pass with good values, in the hope that the opponents will get overboard.
Sandwich: An overcall made after an opening bid and response by the opponents. The overcall is "sandwiched" between two hands that have each shown strength.
Save: (Slang) Sacrifice.
SAYC: Standard American Yellow Card, a particular bidding system or the completed ACBL convention card that represents it.
Scientific: A style of bidding that attempts to narrowly limit the strength of a partnership's hands, so as to make its bidding more accurate.
Scissors coup: A loser-on-loser play meant to break the opponents' communications. Formerly known as 'Coup without a name'.
Score, or bridge scoring: 1) The numeric result of a deal, session or event.; 2) (Verb) Of a card, to win a trick: "The ♠Q scored."
Score slip: A paper form used to record the result of each deal in a duplicate bridge event when electronic scoring devices are not available. Depending upon the event format, the score slip may be either a pick-up slip or a traveller.
Scramble: 1) To bid to a safer contract.; 2) To score small trumps by ruffing, rather than as long cards. Often used of the play of a contract based on a Moysian fit.
Screen: A device which divides the table diagonally, visually separating partners from each other. Used in higher-level competition to reduce the possibility of unauthorized information.
Screenmates: Opponents who sit on the same side of the screen.
Seat: Position relative to the dealer: for example, dealer's LHO is said to be in second seat.
Second guesser: See result merchant.
Second hand: The player to the left of the player who has led to a trick.
Second hand low: A precept that advises second hand to play a low card on RHO's lead. See also Third hand high.
Section: A group of contestants in an event.
Seed: A ranking assigned to a contestant of relatively high rank.
See-saw squeeze: See Entry-shifting squeeze.
Semi-balanced hand: A hand with 5-4-2-2 or 6-3-2-2 distribution.
Semi-forcing bid: A bid which is conditionally forcing: one which requests partner to rebid unless his hand is minimal or sub-minimal for his previous bidding. Compare invitation.
Sequence: 1) The auction, or calls made in the auction.; 2) Two or more cards adjacent in rank.
Session: A period of play during which those entered in an event play designated boards against designated opponents.
Set: 1) To defeat a contract.; 2) The number of tricks by which a contract is defeated ("a two-trick set").
Set game: In rubber bridge, an agreement that partners will not change at the end of each rubber.
Set up: Establish.
SF: Semi-forcing.
Shaded: (Of a call) A call that is not quite warranted by the strength of the hand making it.
Shape: The distribution of suits in a hand.
Shift: 1) (Verb) To lead a suit other than the one already played.; 2) (Noun) In the bidding, a change of suit, usually said of a jump bid (see jump shift).
Shoot: To try for an unusually good result by adopting an abnormal line of play, typically at matchpoint scoring. Declarer hopes that the cards are distributed in such a way that a superior line of play will fail.
Short club: The natural opening bid of 1♣ when the suit contains three cards or less. Usually employed by players using the five-card majors treatment for opening bids when holding a hand with opening values but lacking a five-card major. When the hand contains two clubs and three diamonds, an opening diamond bid is preferred. Also, "short diamond." These bids may also be called "prepared minors" - "prepared club" and "prepared diamond", or "better minor" bids. The EBU "Orange Book" recommends the term "prepared club" for bids that show a minimum of three cards, and "short club" where it may only be two cards or less.
Short suit: 1) In a 13-card hand, a singleton or void suit.; 2) In a hand, that suit with the fewest cards.
Short suit game try: By agreement, a bid of a short side suit after a single raise, hoping to reach game. For example, after 1♥ - 2♥, opener might rebid 3♣ with a singleton or void in clubs. The bid tells partner where high cards will be least useful, indicating duplication of values. It requests partner to take positive action with high-card strength outside that suit. Otherwise, the bid requests partner to sign off (in this example, by bidding 3♥). See help-suit game try and game try.
Short-suit points: In hand evaluation, points counted for singletons and voids.
Show out: Fail to follow suit.
Shuffle: To mix the cards. Shuffling seldom results in random distributions: in the long run, the cards so mixed rarely match the mathematical expectancies.
Side: Partnership.
Side game: A secondary event played simultaneously with the main event.
Side suit: A suit that is not trump; plain suit. A side suit may nevertheless have significant length: see Two-suiter.
Signals: The conventional meanings assigned to plays made by the defenders in order to exchange information. Also, carding.
Signoff bid: 1) A bid that requests that partner pass.; 2) A call that denies extra values, one that normally results in a pass by partner. Compare non-forcing bid, forcing bid.
Sign off: To make a signoff bid.
Silent bidder: A sheet, typically of card or plastic, placed in the center of the table during the bidding period, and marked with numeral, suit and other symbols such that a player can indicate a call by tapping on them with a finger, writing implement, or the like. Largely superseded by bidding boxes.
Simple squeeze: A squeeze against one opponent, in two suits, with the count (definition 3).
Single dummy: The normal manner of play, with certain knowledge only of one's own cards and dummy's, and without verbal communication between partners. Contrast Double dummy.
Singleton: A holding of exactly one card in a suit.
Sit-out: A round in a movement during which a pair is idle. That pair is said to "sit out" that round.
Skip: An irregular feature of a Mitchell movement: typically a move by the East–West pairs of 2 tables up instead of the usual 1, to avoid them playing the same boards twice.
Skip bid warning, or skip-bid warning: A warning to LHO that one is about to make a jump bid that could cause a revealing hesitation or huddle; used only when bidding screens are not in place. The warning is made in one of two ways:; 1) When bidding boxes are in use, the red Stop card is placed on the table followed by a bid card; LHO is expected to wait 10 seconds before taking action;; 2) When bidding boxes are not in use, the jump bidder announces "I am about to make a skip bid, please wait." and then bids. LHO waits 10 seconds.
Slam: 1) small slam (or simply, slam): a contract to win at least twelve tricks.; 2) grand slam: a contract to win all thirteen tricks.; Bidding and making a slam or grand slam scores significant bonus points.
Slam try: A bid that invites partner to bid a slam.
Slot: (Slang) The location of a card that is onside. "In the slot" means "Finessable."
Slough: Discard. Pronounced and sometimes spelled "sluff".
Slow: Cards that require establishment before they can be cashed.
Slow arrival: A style of bidding that uses a jump to a contract (to which the previous bidding has already forced the partnership) to show a specific holding. Contrast Fast arrival.
Slow rubber: A rubber completed in three games. See fast rubber.
Sluff: See discard. Neo-orthography for slough, as used in ruff and sluff.
Smack: (Slang) Same meaning as crack.
Small slam: A contract for six odd tricks.
Smith signal: The Smith signal (also known as Smith echo or Smith peter) is an attitude carding signal in contract bridge showing additional values (or lack thereof) in the first suit led by the defence, while the signal itself is given in the first suit played by declarer.
Smolen: After opener has denied a four-card major in a Stayman sequence, responder's jump to 3M to show four cards in the bid major and five cards in the other major.
Smother play: An endplay that captures an opponent's guarded trump by means of an overruff, when that card cannot be finessed in the normal fashion.
Soft values: Lower honors, as distinct from aces and kings.
Solid: A suit strong enough to run without interruption, or (in the bidding) that requires no fit with partner.
Sort: To arrange one's cards by suit, and by rank within suit.
SOS redouble: A conventional redouble that asks partner for rescue from a doubled contract. Its name comes from the Morse code distress signal SOS.
Sound: A hand that is relatively strong for a call that is contemplated or that has been made.
South African Texas: A variant of Texas in which 4♣ and 4♦ are used as transfers to 4♥ and 4♠ respectively.
Splinter: A singleton or void in a suit other than the trump suit. A hand with both good support for partner's trumps and a splinter can be very powerful offensively—offering control of the splinter suit (by ruffing the first or second trick) and extra trump winners (by ruffing subsequent rounds). When declarer holds either no top honors or the ace and low cards opposite a splinter in the dummy, the combined hands may win several more tricks than the partnership might have expected without awareness of the powerful fit.
Splinter bid: An unusual jump bid that by agreement shows a fit for partner's last-bid suit and a singleton or void in the bid suit. For example, a partnership could treat 4♣ in response to an opening bid of 1♠ as a splinter bid, showing a good hand with spade support and a singleton or void club. Compare with Fragment bid.
Split: 1) (Noun) The distribution in the opponents' hands of the cards in a suit.; 2) (Verb) To play one of two touching honors when the lead comes through them.
Split menace: A menace in squeeze play which depends on values in both declarer's hand and dummy.
Split tenace: A position where the high cards of a tenace are in opposite hands, e.g. Ax opposite Qx; usually relevant only when a lead by an opponent with the missing honor card (here, the K) would be damaging to his side.
Sponsor: 1) The organization that puts on a tournament, such as the WBF, the ACBL or the EBU, a regional association, or a club.; 2) One who hires partners or teammates to compete in an event.
Spot card: A card that ranks below the 10.
Spread: (Slang) Laydown.
SPS: A Suit Preference Signal, a card played by a defender to show interest in or an entry in a side suit.
Squeeze: A playing technique that forces the defender to discard a vital card, usually an apparent stopper.
Squeeze card: A card whose lead forces one or both defenders to discard their guard in a suit.
Stack: A distribution of cards in defenders' hands that might make the play difficult for declarer. The defenders' trumps, for example, could be said to be stacked if they divide 5-0.
Standard American or Standard American Yellow Card (SAYC): A bidding system thought to conform to agreements that an unfamiliar partnership in America would use.
Stationary: Not called to change seats during the movement being used.
Stayman convention: A conventional bid of 2♣ that calls for a 1NT opening bidder to bid a four-card major, if one is held, and (usually) 2♦ otherwise. Many continuations have been devised.
Steal: To gain an advantage, usually through deception. The theft may be material (e.g., a trick or a contract) or non-material (e.g., a tempo). Despite the term steal, deception is entirely legal if it does not involve unauthorized information or concealment of information to which the opponents are entitled.
Step: In the bidding, the space between one bid and the next highest. See Useful Space Principle.
Step bid: A bid that conveys information on the basis of the number of steps it uses.
Stolen bid: A bid that has no correlation to the bidder's hand, aiming to disturb conventions.
Stepping-stone squeeze: A squeeze that forces a defender either to be thrown in to act as a stepping-stone to a stranded dummy, or to allow declarer to establish a suit.
Sticks and wheels: (Slang, chiefly British) An 1100-point penalty. Compare "go for a number".
Stiff: (Slang, adjective and noun) A singleton.
Stop: An instruction given to opponents when you make a jump bid, or skip bid. LHO is expected to wait around 10 seconds before calling, so as to avoid communicating information to partner as to how easy his call is to make. See skip-bid warning.
Stopper: A high card (normally, an honor) whose primary function is to prevent the opponents from running a suit in a notrump contract. See also Control.
Strain: See denomination.
Strip: 1) To remove safe cards of exit from an opponent's hand.; 2) To prepare for a ruff-and-sluff by removing all cards of a suit (or suits) in a partnership's hands.
Strip squeeze: A squeeze without the count in which one threat is against a safe exit card.
Striped-tail ape double: A double of a laydown contract made in hope of dissuading the opponents from successfully bidding to a higher, more rewarding contract. The doubler must be prepared to run (like the cowardly ape) to an escape suit if the opponents redouble.
Strong club system: A set of conventions that uses an opening bid of 1♣ as an artificial, forcing opening that promises a strong hand.
Strong notrump: An opening notrump that shows a balanced hand and 15-17 or 16-18 HCP. Contrast Weak notrump. A partnership's choice between the use of a strong notrump or a weak notrump has extensive implications for its entire bidding system.
Strong pass system: A bidding system that mandates a pass by first (or second) hand to show what other systems would regard as an opening bid. A corollary is that if the next hand also passes, third (or fourth) hand must bid to keep the deal from being passed out.
Strong two bid, strong two-bid, or Strong Two: An agreement to use an opening bid of two of a suit so as to indicate a strong hand and a strong holding in the bid suit.
Stub: (Slang) Part-score.
Sucker double: (Slang) An ill-advised penalty double, such as one based on HCP when the bidding warns of freak distributions.
Suit: A ranked division of the deck of cards into (in descending rank order) spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. The suit ranking has a profound effect on the bidding and scoring, but none at all on the play. See also Denomination, Major suit, and Minor suit).
Suit preference signal: A defensive carding method that signals a preference, or the lack thereof, for a suit other than the suit used for the signal.
Superaccept: A strongly encouraging response to a transfer, such as a jump completion (e.g., 1NT - 2♥; 3♠). Many partnerships use a conventional superacceptance such as 1NT - 2♦; 2♠, one step above responder's major, to save room for game or slam exploration, and in conformance with the Useful Space Principle.
Support: A fit with partner's suit.
Support double: A double of an overcall that shows a fit for partner's suit, usually distinguished from a direct raise by the length of the suit in responder's hand.
Sure trick: A trick that in the absence of some irregularity a player must win, such as the ace of trumps. Extended by George Coffin to refer to guaranteed lines of play.
Surrogate signals: A count or preference signal made in a different suit, usually the suit which declarer is running, to inform partner in beforehand about a critical decision he will have to make later during the play of the hand.
Swindle: A deceptive bid or play.
SWINE: A proxi-acronym for Sebesfi Woods 1NT Escape.
Swing: A difference in scores between two tables on a board in a team match.
Swinging: An aggressive playing style, usually adopted by a pair or team who is behind with some chance to catch the leaders "with a little luck." Swinging players will make plays slightly against the odds that will offer large gains if they succeed. For example, a swinging pair might bid a 60% grand slam on a hand where a small slam should be the normal contract. They might also make close doubles of normal contracts that might go down.
Swish: (Slang) Three consecutive passes, ending the auction. "3♠ - swish" means 3♠ passed out.
Swiss, or Swiss Teams: A Swiss-system tournament for teams-of-four. Every team plays a series of matches with a series of opponents whose records or standings are as similar as possible when they face each other, without scheduling repeat matches. Typically these are relatively numerous, relatively short matches. For example, of 54 to 56 boards in one day's play: 6, 7, 8, or 9 matches of 9, 8, 7, or 6 boards respectively.
Switch: To lead a different suit.
System: see bidding system.

T

Table

1) (Noun) A grouping of four players at a bridge tournament.

2) (Verb) To put down one's cards face up.

3) See dummy (2).

Table card

A large printed card placed on a table in a bridge tournament. The card contains instructions for the players, including players' designations and board numbers. Also, "Guide card."

Table presence

Awareness of opponents' behavior and mannerisms, leading to inferences regarding their holdings and problems on a deal. It is improper to take action on inferences made on the basis of partner's behavior. Also, "Table feel."

Table talk

1) Improper communication between partners, effected by words, gestures, or facial expressions.

2) Extraneous discussion during the play, discouraged as a distraction or possible source of unauthorized information.

Takeout double

A conventional call used in a competitive auction to indicate support for the unbid suits in a hand of opening strength, and to request that partner bid. The classic, ideal pattern is 4-4-4-1, with the shortness in the suit doubled. There are many informatory doubles that anticipate a bid from partner, but "takeout double" typically refers to the double immediately over opening bidder.

Tank

(Slang) Huddle.

Tap

(Verb and noun) Slang. To adopt a line of defense that is intended to force declarer to ruff in the long hand. Also, the line of defense itself: "To get the tap going." See Forcing defense.

Team

1) (Adjective) (also Teams or Teams-of-four) A form of duplicate bridge played by eight people at two tables. The North–South pair at one table and East–West pair at the other table are teammates. Every deal is played at both tables ("duplicate") and scored by comparing the two raw scores — usually on the IMP or board-a-match scale. Matches are commonly played in sets of 6 to 20 deals, with scoring required and player substitutions permitted between sets.

2) (Noun) A group of four or more players who compete together in a teams event. For each deal, four team members are active at two tables. Player substitution occurs between matches or, in many longer matches, between sets of 6 to 20 deals. Most teams events permit four to six players on a team.

Teammate

A member of the same team. Commonly said of any teammate other than one's partner.

Teams

(Adjective) See team (1)

Tempo

1) Having the timing advantage in the play of the cards by possessing the lead and thereby being able to initiate (or continue) one's line of play before the declarer/opponents can establish his/theirs.

2) The speed at which a player executes a call or play. Some players attempt to intimidate less experienced opponents by playing their cards very quickly. A break in tempo often indicates that a player has an unexpected problem in bidding or play.

Temporizing bid

Waiting bid.

Tenace

A broken sequence of (often) honor cards, such as ♠ A Q or ♦ K J. Declarer may lead toward his or dummy's tenace, preparing to finesse for a missing card. A defender may lead through declarer's or dummy's tenace to help his partner score cards behind the tenace.

Texas transfer, or Texas

A convention whereby a bid of 4♦ or 4♥ in response to a notrump bid requests partner to transfer to 4♥ or 4♠ respectively.

Their hand

(Slang) A hand on which the opponents have the preponderance of strength.

Thin

(Slang) 1) A bid or contract based on less strength than normally recommended.

2) (Of a hand) Lacking body.

Third-and-fifth

An opening lead convention that calls for the lead of the third-best card in a suit of up to four card length, and the fifth-best in a longer suit.

Third from even, low from odd

An opening lead convention that calls for the lead of the third-best card from a suit with an even number of cards, and the lowest card from a suit with an odd number of cards.

Third hand

The player who makes the third call, or who is the third to play to a trick.

Third hand high

A precept that advises the third hand to play a high card on partner's lead. See also Second hand low.

Third Way

A term for a bidding system combining 5-card majors and a weak no-trump, such as the Kaplan–Sheinwold system.

Threat

In squeeze play, a menace.

Three suiter

A hand with length in three suits, thus shortness in the fourth. Distributions such as 4-4-4-1, 5-4-4-0 and 5-4-3-1 are often termed "three-suiters."

Throw

To discard.

Throw-in

See Endplay.

Tight

(Slang) An honor card or honor sequence unaccompanied by low cards: "He had the ♥KQ tight."

Timing

A player's agenda for tasks in the play of the hand: for example, ruff losers and then draw trumps; or, draw trumps and then run the side suit.

Top

Playing matchpoints, the highest score achieved on a board.

Top of nothing

The lead of a high spot card from a suit that contains no honor card.

Top trick

A card that can take a trick on a given hand. See Winner.

Total tricks

The sum of the number of tricks that each partnership can take, with its longest combined suit as trump. See Law of Total tricks.

Touching

Adjacent. Both cards and suits may be touching. In the holding ♣KQ5, the king and queen are touching. In deciding whether to respond Up the line, a player notes that hearts and spades are touching suits.

Tournament

An organized duplicate bridge competition.

Trance

(Slang) Huddle.

Transfer

A bid that conventionally shows length in a suit other than the one bid, or requests partner to make a bid in a particular suit, or both. The suit in question is usually the suit immediately above the one bid. Examples: Jacoby transfers (often just called "transfers") and Texas transfers ("Texas"). Also, see transfer a control.

Transferable values

Cards, such as aces and kings, that are valuable either in declarer's hands or in defenders'.

Transfer a control

In squeeze play, to shift the responsibility of controlling, or guarding, a menace from one opponent to the other. This is usually accomplished by playing through one opponent in a way that forces him to cover the lead, leaving the other opponent with the remaining control. The purpose is to arrange that one opponent has to guard more menaces than he can successfully manage.

Transnational

1) A pair or team whose members differ in "nationality". Typically they are members of different national bridge federations, thus registered players.

2) An event (tournament) that permits transnational pairs or teams to enter. A transnational event is open in sense (c).

Trap pass

See Sandbag.

Traveller

A type of score slip on which the result of a deal is recorded for the purpose of comparative scoring. Used in certain event formats, it is folded, placed into the board and 'travels' with it to the next table. May also be referred to as a travelling slip or travelling score sheet.^[7] Contrast Pick-up slip.

Tray

See Board.

Treatment

A natural bid that: (1) either shows a willingness to play in the denomination named, or promises or requests values in that denomination, and (2) by partnership agreement gives or requests additional information on which action could be based. If the treatment is an unusual one, it requires announcement to the opponents even though it is natural. For example, a partnership that plays Flannery usually agrees that a 1♠ response to a 1♥ opening bid shows five spades. So the 1♠ response to 1♥, while natural, is a treatment because by agreement it shows at least a five card suit. Compare with Convention, in the auction a call that gives or requests information not necessarily related to the denomination named.

Trebleton

A tripleton.

Trial bid

See game try.

Trial

A (usually, high-level) tournament whose winners proceed to a subsequent event of even greater import.

Trick

A set of four cards played by each player in turn, during the play of a hand.

Trick score

The score earned by contracting for and taking tricks. Trick scores count toward making a game.

Triple squeeze

A squeeze that is so-named because it consists of three simple squeezes against the same opponent. A Progressive squeeze is regarded as a triple squeeze (because it is initiated by one), but not all triple squeezes are progressive.

Tripleton

A holding of three cards in a suit.

Trump

1) (Noun) A card in the trump suit whose trick-taking power is greater than any plain suit card.

2) (Verb) To play a trump after a plain suit has been led; see Ruff.

Trump control

The ability, from a combination of the holding in trumps with play technique, to prevent the opponents from taking too many tricks in a plain suit.

Trump echo

An echo in the trump suit, long used to alert partner to the possibility of a defensive ruff, and in the early 21st century to give partner the count.

Trump promotion

The advancement of a trump to the status of a winner by creating a position in which an opponent must suffer an uppercut, or an immediate adverse overruff, or choose to ruff with a higher trump that makes a later winner of an opponent's trump by force of cards.

Trump squeeze

A squeeze that forces an opponent to weaken his holding in one of the threat suits enough that the suit can later be ruffed out.

Trump suit, or simply "trumps"

By way of the auction, declarer and declarer's partner select the trump suit on the basis of their combined length and strength in the suit: the greater length to ruff more losers in the plain suits, and the greater strength to better control the play of the trump suit itself. Information about trump suits generally in other card games can be found here.

Two club system, or Two clubs system

A bidding system that uses an opening bid of 2♣ as an artificial game force.

Two over one, Two-over-one, or 2-over-1 (2/1)

a bidding sequence in which after a one-level opening bid, there is a non-jump response at the two-level.
a bidding system based upon the concept that after a one-level opening bid, a non-jump response by an unpassed hand at the two-level is forcing to game.

Contrast One over one.

Two-suiter

A hand containing two long suits, usually each containing 4 or more cards, with at least 10 cards between the two suits.

Two-way checkback

An inquiry made after opener rebids 1NT. 2♣ is a puppet to 2♦ (forces a response of 2♦ by the 1NT rebidder) which says nothing about responder's strain. It is just a forcing bid to show an invitational hand. On the other hand, a rebid of 2♦ after a 1NT rebid is an artificial game force.^{[clarification needed]}

Two-way Drury

An inquiry about the third (or sometimes fourth) position opener's strength in a major suit. 2♣ shows 3-card support, while an inquiry made with 2♦ shows four cards in opener's suit.

Two-way finesse

A finesse that could be taken through either opponent.

Two-way Stayman

Over an opening bid of 1NT, the use of 2♣ as non-forcing Stayman and 2♦ as a game-forcing major suit inquiry.

U

UI: Unauthorized information.
Unauthorized information: Information obtained from partner that one is not permitted to act on: for example, the manner in which partner plays a particular card, or the tone of voice when making a bid.
Unbalanced distribution: 1) Broadly, any distribution of a hand or suit other than 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 or 5-3-3-2.; 2) Unbalanced is commonly used in a narrow sense that excludes semi-balanced, 5-4-2-2 and 6-3-2-2. Narrowly, unbalanced distribution implies a void, singleton, or 7-card suit.
Unbalanced hand: A 13-card hand with unbalanced distribution in the broad or narrow sense just above.
Unbid suit: A suit that has neither been bid nor indirectly shown.
Unblock: To play a card whose rank interferes with the use of cards in the opposite hand. Opposite dummy's KQJ, declarer's singleton ace blocks the suit, and so is played to unblock. There are other situations that require unblocking, such as the Vienna coup.
Under: See In front of.
Underbid: 1) (Verb) To bid less aggressively, or to a lower contract, than most would with the same cards.; 2) (Noun) A bid that most would regard as weaker than warranted by the strength of the hand.
Underlead: To lead a low card when holding the top card or cards in a suit. The underlead is standard in defense of notrump contracts (so as to preserve communications between defenders' hands), but unusual against suit contracts.
Underruff: To play a trump lower than one already played on the lead of a plain suit. Usually this is undesirable but is sometimes necessary to adjust the number of trumps held while preparing a trump coup, or while preparing to defend certain squeezed positions.
Undertrick: A trick that declarer does not win, causing the contract to go down. Multiple undertricks occur: for example, two undertricks could result in 4♥ down two.
Unfinished rubber: A rubber that the players agree not to finish. In rubber bridge scoring, a 300-point bonus is given to a vulnerable side, and a 100-point bonus to a side with a part score - note this differs from the 50 points for a part score in duplicate bridge.
Unguard: To discard lower cards that help prevent a higher card from being captured by an opponent.
Unlimited bid: See wide-ranging bid.
UPH: Unpassed hand.
Unplayable: 1) (Of a contract) Unable to be played so as to bring about a favorable outcome.; 2) (Of an agreement) Inevitably bringing about undesirable bidding sequences or contracts.
Unusual notrump: An artificial jump overcall in notrump that shows a Two-suiter, usually bid to suggest a sacrifice. As originally played, 1M - (2NT) showed a hand weak in high cards with, probably, 5-5 in the minor suits.
Unusual over unusual (OUO), or Unusual vs. unusual: A conventional method of conveying information after the opponents have deployed the unusual notrump convention or a Michaels Cue Bid, also called Unusual vs. Unusual.
UOU: Acronym or initialism for Unusual over unusual
Up the line: To bid the lower of two adjacent suits before the higher. For example, of two four card majors, the heart suit is normally bid before the spade suit in response to an opening bid of 1♣ or 1♦.
Uppercut: To ruff in the expectation of being overruffed, when the overruff will cause a trump in partner's hand to become a winner.
Upside-down signals: An agreement that when following suit to partner's lead, a low card encourages a continuation and a high card discourages. This is "upside-down", or the reverse of traditional practice.
USBC: United States Bridge Championships, competitions sponsored by the USBF in which entries compete to represent the United States in world tournaments. The USBC are teams-of-four tournaments that determine "USA" open, women, and senior teams. Sometimes the USBC winner and runner-up both qualify, as teams "USA1" and "USA2".
USBF: United States Bridge Federation, the association charged with national representation of the United States in international competition. Contrast ACBL.
Useful space principle: A guide to developing bidding conventions and treatments that directs developers' attention to the allocation of bidding space.

V

VCB: Variable Cue Bidding. Agreements used in the Ultimate Club to request and show controls.
Vanderbilt Club: A bidding system devised by Harold S. Vanderbilt and published by him in 1929, the first strong club system.
Variable notrump: The use of a weak notrump when not vulnerable and a strong notrump when vulnerable.
Victory points (VP): A conversion scale used in team contests and based on total IMP differences, so as to reduce the effect of very large swings.
Vienna coup: The unblock of a winner opposite a threat prior to reaching a position that effects a squeeze.
Vienna System: A bidding system devised by Austrian player Paul Stern in the 1930s, in which an opening bid of 1NT is artificial and shows a strong hand.
View: An assumption about how the cards lie on a particular deal: "Sorry, partner, I took a view."
Void: No cards in a given suit.
Voidwood: See Exclusion Blackwood.
Vugraph, or viewgraph: A method of visually displaying tournament bridge deals to spectators, by optical or electronic means.
Vulnerability: The scoring condition of each pair in advance of a deal. In duplicate bridge and Chicago, vulnerability is pre-determined for each board or deal; in rubber bridge, it is determined by the number of games completed in the rubber. Vulnerability affects both the size of bonuses for making contracts and penalties for failing to make them.
Vulnerable: 1) (Duplicate bridge) A designation, shown on each board, that indicates whether larger bonuses and penalties apply to one, both or neither pair on that deal.; 2) (Rubber bridge) Having won one game.

W

Waiting bid: A bid that enables the bidder to obtain more information before making a commitment. For example, some players use 2♦ over a 2♣ forcing opening bid as a waiting bid rather than as a negative response.
Waive: To condone an irregularity. In duplicate bridge, a waiver is an improper action.
Wash: (Slang) Push.
Wasted values: Duplicated values.
WBF: World Bridge Federation.
Weak jump overcall: A jump overcall used to preempt the bidding.
Weak jump shift: A jump shift used to preempt the bidding.
Weak notrump: A 1NT opening bid on a balanced hand with, usually, 12-14 HCP. The bid has mild preemptive value; contrast Strong notrump. To show a strong notrump, the weak notrump user opens with a suit and rebids in notrump.
Weak suit game try: Following a major suit raise to the two level, the weak suit game try names a suit with at least three cards and at least two losers where partner's short suit is likely to be useful, as will a strong suit. Three small cards is ideal.; 2) Alternative term for a help suit game try. In some usage the "help suit game try" is barely distinguishable from the long, in some barely distinguishable from the weak.
Weak two bid, weak two-bid, or Weak Two: An opening bid of two of a suit to indicate a relatively weak hand with a long suit.
Whist: A trick-taking card game and predecessor to contract bridge.
Wholesale: A count or total that obscures cards' identities. A bid of 5♥ in response to Blackwood shows two aces wholesale, without announcing which aces they are.
Wide open: (Said of a suit) Without a stopper.
Wide-ranging bid: A bid made within a wide range of strengths and shapes, the opposite of a limit bid. An example from Acol is an opening bid of one of a suit which may be made with anything from 10 HCP (plus some shape) to 22 HCP (with a shape unsuitable for a 2 bid, such as 4-4-4-1). Such bids are limited only by the failure of the bidder to make a stronger or weaker bid; thus an Acol opening bid of one of a suit is limited by the fact that the opener failed to pass, to make a 2 level opening bid, or to make a pre-emptive opening bid.
Winkle: A squeeze without the count that forces the defender to choose between a throw-in and an unblock, each of which is a losing option.
Winner: A card that can take a trick on a given hand.
Wire: (Slang) Improper knowledge of a deal, prior to playing it.
World Bridge Federation (WBF): The world sport governing body for bridge. Its members are more than 120 national bridge federations that are grouped in eight geographic zones for some purposes. It sponsors competitions including but not limited to world championships, which exclusively convey the title "world champion".
WBU: Welsh Bridge Union.
Wolff signoff: After a jump rebid of 2NT by opener, responder's bid of 3♣ as a puppet to 3♦, after which responder can sign off with a weak hand.
Woo twos: A synonym or close variant of the Muiderberg convention, a weak two-bid showing 5 cards in a major and at least four cards in another suit.
Work count, or Work points: The assignment of the numbers 4, 3, 2 and 1 as points to represent aces, kings, queens and jacks in the process of hand evaluation. Named for Milton Work.
Working card: A card that is useful to a partnership, given the mesh of the cards in the two hands.
Wrongside: (Verb) To place the contract in the less favorable hand for the partnership. See Antipositional.

X

x: (lowercase) Any small card, of no trick-taking significance.
X: (uppercase) Double, in print or manuscript representation of the auction (where alternatives are "D", "Dbl", etc.) or the final contract. Used in bidding boxes, private scores, and occasionally elsewhere.
XX: (uppercase) Redouble, in print or manuscript representation of the auction (where alternatives are "R", "Rdbl", etc.) or the final contract. Used in bidding boxes, private scores, and occasionally elsewhere.
X-IMPs: Cross-IMPs.
XYZ: A convention used in an uncontested auction where 3 suits are bid at the one level. Thereafter a 2♣ is a puppet to 2♦, showing a weak ♦ or an invitational hand. A 2♦ bid is game forcing. A 3♣ shows a weak hand.
XY Notrump: A convention to be used after a sequence like 1X - 1Y - 1NT. Thereafter a 2♣ is a puppet to 2♦, showing a weak ♦ or an invitational hand. A 2♦ bid is game forcing. Also called XY Checkback.^{[clarification needed]}
XYZ Notrump: A convention to be used after a sequence like 1X - 1Y - (1Z) - 1NT, or 1X - (1Z) - 1Y - 1NT, where 1Z is an opponent's bid. Thereafter a 2♣ is a puppet to 2♦, showing a weak ♦ or an invitational hand. A 2♦ bid is game forcing. Also called XYZ Checkback.

Y

Yarborough: Originally, a hand with no card higher than a nine.^[10] The British Earl of Yarborough, during the 19th century, would offer a wager of £1,000 to £1 against picking up such a hand at whist. (The actual odds against such a hand are approximately 1,827 to 1.) In common usage, it may refer to a very weak hand.

Z

z: see Zoom.
Zar points: An evaluation method to determine if a hand should be opened. It asks to open whenever you have 26 or more Zars, determined by adding the number of cards in the 2 longest suits, plus high card points, plus number of controls (A=2, K=1), plus the difference between the longest and the shortest suit. An additional point is added for the ♠ suit if it has 4+ cards. The unsupported honors are diminished 1 point in value. 52 Zar points should produce a NT or major suit game.
Zero: The lowest score obtained on a deal in a pairs game. Also, bottom.
Zia play: A specific type of falsecard which creates a losing option to declarer.
Zone: One of eight geographic zones in which World Bridge Federation member "nations" are grouped for some purposes. The WBF was founded August 1958 by delegates from Europe, North America, and South America, which are now Zones 1 to 3. World championship teams-of-four competition has been organized zonally even longer: the Bermuda Bowl was contested in one long match between representatives of Europe and North America from 1951 (the second rendition) to 1957; in a three-team round robin including the champion of South America for 1958. From 2005 to present, there are 22 teams in zonally organized world championship tournaments. See Senior Bowl: Structure and Zones and nations.; Zonal organizations mediate between the world and national levels in some respects. In Zone 1 for instance, the European Bridge League is the zonal organization. Its members are the national bridge federations of 46 countries from Albania to Wales, and geographically from Iceland to Israel.^[11] In Zone 2, on the other hand, bridge players are members of the American Contract Bridge League.
Zoom (z): In a relay system, the facility to joining into the next level of answers without needing to hear a new relay from partner. Usually, after servant^{[further explanation needed]} has the highest possible answer for the level s/he is answering, s/he can jump into the next level assuming the captain made a virtual new relay, saving bidding space.

References

^ Baron, 1993.
^ Manley et al (2011).
^ Cochemé, Simon (February 2012). "The Coups of Bridge II". English Bridge, no. 239, p. 19.
^ Manley et al (2011), p. 153.
^ ACBL Laws of Contract Bridge, 2003. Archived December 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ Francis et al, 2001, p. 114. This observation in the entry "Denomination" does not appear in the subsequent seventh Official Encyclopedia (Manley et al, 2011).
^ a b Manley et al (2011), p. 193.
^ Rainbow-trick.
^ Downey and Pomer, 2005, p. 31.
^ Manley et al (2011), p. 196.
^ "Member Federations" Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine. European Bridge League (eurobridge.org). Retrieved 2015-01-24.

Bibliography

Baron, Randall, Editor (1993). The Bridge Player's Dictionary. Louisville, KY: Devyn Press, Inc. ISBN 0-939460-50-5. 277 pages.
Downey, Ned; Pomer, Ellen (2005). Standard Bidding with SAYC. Toronto: Master Point Press. ISBN 978-1-897106-03-7.
Francis, Henry G.; Truscott, Alan F.; Francis, eds. (2001). The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (6th ed.). Memphis, TN: American Contract Bridge League. ISBN 0-943855-44-6. OCLC 49606900.
Manley, Brent; Horton, Mark; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; Rigal, Barry, eds. (2011). The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: American Contract Bridge League. ISBN 978-0-939460-99-1.

External links

The Bridge World Official Bridge Dictionary
Bridge Guy's Glossary and Library
BridgeHands Encyclopedia of Bridge Terms

[1] Baron, 1993.

[2] Manley et al (2011).

[3] Cochemé, Simon (February 2012). "The Coups of Bridge II". English Bridge, no. 239, p. 19.

[4] Manley et al (2011), p. 153.

[5] ACBL Laws of Contract Bridge, 2003. Archived December 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

[6] Francis et al, 2001, p. 114. This observation in the entry "Denomination" does not appear in the subsequent seventh Official Encyclopedia (Manley et al, 2011).

[OEB7193-7] Manley et al (2011), p. 193.

[8] Rainbow-trick.

[9] Downey and Pomer, 2005, p. 31.

[10] Manley et al (2011), p. 196.

[11] "Member Federations" Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine. European Bridge League (eurobridge.org). Retrieved 2015-01-24.

[1]

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Category

Glosario de términos de contratos puente

0–9

A

B

C

D

E

F

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H

Yo

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

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R

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U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links