The Fortress of Deva (Romanian: Cetatea Devei, Hungarian: Déva vára) is a fortress located in the city of Deva, Hunedoara County, Romania, on top of a volcanic hill.
| The Fortress of DevaCetatea DeveiDéva vára | |
|---|---|
| Deva, Hunedoara County, Romania | |
 Fortress of Deva as seen from above | |
| Type | Fortress |
| Site information | |
| Open tothe public | yes |
| Condition | ruins in reconstruction |
| Website | http://cetateadeva.ro/ |
| Site history | |
| Built | after 1242 |
| In use | 1269–1848 |
| Events | Peter I Csák, Palatine of Hungary defeated the Cumans, Ferenc Dávid died in the fortress's prison, Horea, Cloșca and Crișan's revolt besieged (unsuccessfully) the fortress |
| Garrison information | |
| Occupants | John Hunyadi, Gabriel Bethlen |
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The fortress is located atop a volcano in the Poiana Ruscă Mountain Range within the Western Carpathian Mountains of Romania. From the foot of the hill, the city of Deva spreads out, beginning with Magna Curia and the public park. Nearby are the most of the buildings of the administrative institutions of the city: the Court House, the Prefecture, the County Hall, the Finance Administration, the old police headquarters, the City Hall and two of the oldest schools in Deva: the Decebal National College and the Pedagogic Lyceum.
The fortress is connected with the foot of the hill by an inclined lift which allows tourists to reach the fortress.[1][2]
History
The first evidence of the medieval Deva Fortress dates back to the second half of the 13th century; in 1269, Stephen V, King of Hungary and Duke of Transylvania, mentioned "the royal castle of Deva" in a privilege-grant for the Count Chyl of Kelling.[3]
The first records regarding a military operation involving the fortress dates from 1273. Under its walls, the Cumans were defeated by Peter I Csák, Palatine of Hungary (Latin: Magister Petrus de genere Chak), who was rewarded for his victory by Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary. In his letter, Ladislaus IV mentioned the facts with the words sub castro Dewa contra Cumanorum exercitur viriliter dimicavit, "fought bravely against the Cumans under the Castle of Deva".[4][5]
At the end of the 13th century, the Deva Fortress was in the property of Ladislaus Kán, Voivode of Transylvania, who organized a court besides the military garrison.[3]
The Fortress of Deva is central to the Hungarian folk tale The Wife of Clement, the Mason.[6]
References
- ^ "Citadel Deva / Romania". ABS Transportbahnen Ges.m.b.H. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
- ^ "Acces telecabină". Primariadeva.ro. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
- ^ a b Octavian, Floca; Ben Bassa (1965). Cetatea Deva. Monumentele patriei noastre (in Romanian). București: Editura Meridiane. p. 14.
- ^ Octavian, Floca; Ben Bassa (1965). Cetatea Deva. Monumentele patriei noastre (in Romanian). București: Editura Meridiane. p. 14.
sub castro Dewa contra Cumanorum exercitur viriliter dimicavit
- ^ Veszprémy, László (January 2005). Erik Kooper (ed.). Chronicles in Charters. Historical Narratives (narrationes) in Charters as Substitutes for Chronicles in Hungary. The Medieval Chronicle III. p. 194. ISBN 90-420-1875-5. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
Magister Petrus de genere Chak, 1273, in castrum Feketeholm sub castro Deva viriliter dimicavit, quosdam captivando, quosdam perimendo, triumphalem victoriam reportavit;
- ^ Jones, Henry (1886). "A Hungarian Folk-Tale". The Academy and Literature. 30: 73.
Coordinates: 45°53′19″N 22°53′50″E / 45.88861°N 22.89722°E / 45.88861; 22.89722
