Los ciclones tropicales intensos suelen producir tornados , la mayoría débiles, especialmente al tocar tierra .
Lista de tornados
Estos son los ciclones tropicales que se sabe que han generado tornados. La lista es más completa para los EE. UU., Pero incluye otras áreas. En los Estados Unidos, 1.163 tornados se asociaron con ciclones tropicales, [1] que representan un poco menos del 6% de todos los tornados. La mayoría de los tornados generados por un solo ciclón tropical se asociaron con el huracán Iván , que generó 120 tornados.
Antes de 1900
Ciclón tropical | Fechas de brote | Tornados | Ubicación de los tornados | Notas | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sin nombre | 10 de septiembre de 1811 | 1 | Carolina del Sur | [2] | |
sin nombre | 30 de junio de 1814 | 1 | Carolina del Sur | [2] | |
sin nombre | 10 de septiembre de 1882 | * 3 | Florida | [2] | |
sin nombre | 4 de octubre de 1885 | * 1 | New Jersey | [2] | |
sin nombre | 11 de octubre de 1885 | * 1 | Florida | [2] | |
sin nombre | 6 de julio de 1891 | * 4 | Luisiana, Misisipi | [2] | |
sin nombre | 13 de septiembre de 1892 | * 4 | Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur | [2] | |
1893 Huracán de las islas del mar | 28 de agosto de 1893 | * 1 | Carolina del Norte | [2] | |
sin nombre | 7 de septiembre de 1893 | *1 | Louisiana | [2] | |
unnamed | October 4, 1899 | *1 | Georgia | [2] |
1900–1949
Tropical cyclone | Outbreak dates | Tornadoes | Location of tornado(es) | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unnamed | September 7, 1900 | *2 | Georgia | [2] | |
unnamed | September 4, 1915 | *2 | Georgia, Virginia | [2] | |
unnamed | July 6, 1916 | *11 | Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi | [2] | |
unnamed | July 15, 1916 | *1 | South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | October 18, 1916 | *4 | Alabama | [2] | |
unnamed | October 29, 1917 | *4 | South Carolina, Virginia | [2] | |
1919 Florida Keys hurricane | September 10, 1919 | *1 | Florida | [2] | |
1919 Florida Keys hurricane | September 15, 1919 | 2 | Texas, New Mexico | [2] | |
unnamed | September 9, 1921 | *6 | Texas | [2] | |
unnamed | August 10, 1928 | *5 | South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | August 15, 1928 | *4 | South Carolina, North Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | September 28, 1929 | *6 | Florida, South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | September 6, 1933 | 1 | South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | October 4, 1933 | *2 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | July 24, 1934 | *8 | Texas | [2] | |
1935 Labor Day hurricane | September 4, 1935 | *13 | South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland | [2] | |
1938 Atlantic hurricane season | August 15, 1938 | *1 | Louisiana | [2] | |
unnamed | August 10, 1940 | 2 | South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | October 20, 1941 | *2 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | October 18, 1944 | 3 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | August 27, 1945 | *2 | Texas | [2] | |
unnamed | September 17, 1945 | *1 | South Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | September 19, 1947 | *1 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | October 11, 1947 | *4 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | September 4, 1948 | 1 | Georgia, Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | September 21, 1948 | *1 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | October 5, 1948 | *3 | Florida | [2] | |
unnamed | August 28, 1949 | *4 | North Carolina | [2] | |
unnamed | October 3, 1949 | 1 | Texas | - |
1950–1979
Tropical cyclone | Outbreak dates | Tornadoes | Location of tornado(es) | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hurricane Baker | August 30–31, 1950 | 2 | Florida | [2][3] | |
Hurricane Able | August 31, 1952 | 3 | Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland | [2][4] | |
Hurricane Connie | August 10, 1955 | 4 | South Carolina, North Carolina, Delaware | [2] | |
Hurricane Diane | August 19, 1955 | *1 | Pennsylvania | [2] | |
Hurricane Flossy | September 24, 1956 | *5 | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina | [2] | |
Hurricane Audrey | June 27, 1957 | *21 | Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee | [5] | |
Hurricane Cindy | July 10, 1959 | 11 | North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia | [2] | |
Hurricane Debra | July 24, 1959 | 5 | Oklahoma, Texas | [2] | |
Hurricane Gracie | September 29, 1959 | 7 | South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania | [2] | |
Hurricane Judith | October 17, 1959 | 1 | Florida | [2] | |
Hurricane Donna | September 10, 1960 | 5 | Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina | [2] | |
Hurricane Ethel | September 15, 1960 | 6 | Florida, Alabama | [2] | |
Hurricane Carla | September 10, 1961 | 21 | Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Michigan, Arkansas | F4 killed 8 in Galveston, Texas vicinity; one of only two hurricane-spawned violent tornado | [6] |
Hurricane Cleo | August 27, 1964 | 12 | Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina | [7] | |
Hurricane Dora | September 12, 1964 | 3 | South Carolina, North Carolina | [8] | |
Hurricane Hilda | October 3, 1964 | 12 | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina | F4 killed 22 in Larose, Louisiana vicinity; one of only two hurricane-spawned violent tornado | [9] |
Hurricane Isbell | October 14, 1964 | 9 | Florida | [9] | |
Hurricane Betsy | September 8, 1965 | 7 | Florida, Alabama, Mississippi | [10] | |
Hurricane Alma | June 8, 1966 | 5 | Florida, Mississippi | [2] | |
Hurricane Inez | October 4, 1966 | 2 | Florida | [2] | |
Hurricane Beulah | September 20, 1967 | 115 | Texas, Mexico | [5] | |
Hurricane Abby | June 7, 1968 | 4 | North Carolina | [2] | |
Hurricane Gladys | October 17, 1968 | 2 | Florida | [2] | |
Hurricane Camille | August 17, 1969 | 2 | Florida | [2] | |
Hurricane Celia | August 31, 1970 | 9 | Texas | [2] | |
Hurricane Edith | September 16, 1971 | 16 | Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi | [2] | |
Hurricane Fern | September 10, 1971 | 5 | Texas | [2] | |
Hurricane Agnes | June 18, 1972 | 17 | Florida, Georgia | [2] | |
Hurricane Carmen | September 8, 1974 | 4 | Louisiana | [2] | |
Hurricane Eloise | September 23, 1975 | 5 | Georgia, Florida | [2] | |
Hurricane Babe | September 5, 1977 | 14 | Louisiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama | [2] | |
Hurricane David | September 3, 1979 | 34 | Florida, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware | [5] | |
Hurricane Frederic | September 12, 1979 | 10 | Alabama, Georgia, Florida | [2] |
1980–1999
Tropical cyclone | Date of (first) tornado | Tornadoes | Area affected | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hurricane Allen | August 9, 1980 | *29 | Texas | Costliest tropical cyclone–related tornado in history struck Austin, Texas vicinity inflicting $100 million in damages |
T. D. #2 | June 5, 1981 | 9[11] | Louisiana, Texas | |
Hurricane Dennis | August 17, 1981 | 2 | Florida | |
T. D. #8 | August 31, 1981 | 14[12] | Texas | |
Hurricane Alicia | August 17, 1983 | *22 | Texas | |
Hurricane Diana | September 5, 1984 | 1 | Florida | |
Hurricane Danny | August 15, 1985 | *39 | Louisiana, Mississippi, TN, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia | |
Hurricane Elena | August 31, 1985 | 10 | Florida | |
Typhoon Tess (Miling) | September 3, 1985 | 1 | Lemery, Batangas, Philippines | [13] |
Hurricane Gloria | September 27, 1985 | 2 | New Jersey, MA | |
Hurricane Juan | October 28, 1985 | 11 | Florida, Alabama, Mississippi | |
Hurricane Bonnie | June 27, 1986 | 5 | Louisiana | |
Hurricane Gilbert | September 16, 1988 | *29+ | Texas, Mexico | |
Typhoon Ruby (Unsang) | October 23, 1988 | 1 | Misamis Oriental, Philippines | [14] |
Hurricane Chantal | August 1, 1989 | 4 | Texas | |
Hurricane Hugo | September 22, 1989 | 3 | South Carolina, North Carolina | |
Hurricane Jerry | October 15, 1989 | 5 | Texas | |
Hurricane Bob | August 18, 1991 | 5 | North Carolina, New York | |
Tropical Storm Beryl (1994) | August 16–17, 1994 | 37 | Carolinas, Georgia, Mid Atlantic | |
Hurricane Georges | September 1998 | 47 | Alabama, Georgia, Florida | |
Hurricane Floyd | September 16, 1999 | 14+[15] | North Carolina |
2000–2009
Tropical cyclone | Date of (first) tornado | Tornadoes | Area affected | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hurricane Gordon | September 16, 2000 | 11 | Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina | |
Tropical Storm Helene | September 22, 2000 | 13 | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina | |
Hurricane Keith | October 6, 2000 | 1 | Texas | |
Tropical Storm Alison | June 11, 2001 | 28 | Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Virginia, MA, ME, Texas | |
Tropical Storm Barry | August 2, 2001 | 5 | Florida, Mississippi, MO | |
Tropical Storm Gabrielle | September 13, 2001 | 18 | Florida | |
Hurricane Michelle | November 5, 2001 | 5 | Florida | |
Tropical Storm Fay | September 6, 2002 | 11 | Texas | |
Hurricane Gustav | September 10, 2002 | 1 | North Carolina | |
Tropical Storm Hanna | September 14, 2002 | 2 | Alabama, Georgia | |
Hurricane Isidore | September 25, 2002 | 10 | Alabama, Florida, Louisiana | |
Hurricane Lili | October 3, 2002 | 26 | Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, KY | |
Hurricane Kyle | October 8, 2002 | 8 | South Carolina, North Carolina | |
Hurricane Charley | August 13, 2004 | 16 | Florida, North Carolina, Virginia | |
Hurricane Gaston | August 29, 2004 | 33 | ||
Hurricane Frances | September 4–8, 2004 | 103* | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia | |
Hurricane Ivan | September 16, 2004 | 120 | Virginia, Georgia, Florida, PA, Alabama, South Carolina, MD, North Carolina, WV | |
Tropical Storm Arlene | June 11, 2005 | 3 | Florida, Indiana | [1] |
Hurricane Cindy | July 5, 2005 | 44 | North Carolina, Alabama, Virginia, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Louisiana, Maryland | |
Hurricane Dennis | July 10, 2005 | 10 | Florida and Georgia | [16] |
Hurricane Emily | July 20, 2005 | 11 | Texas | [16] |
Hurricane Katrina | August 25, 2005 | 59 | United States Gulf Coast | [1] |
Hurricane Rita | September 24, 2005 | 98 | United States Gulf Coast | [1][16] |
Tropical Storm Tammy | October 6, 2005 | 1 | Georgia, United States | [16] |
Hurricane Wilma | October 24, 2005 | 8 | Florida | [16] |
Tropical Storm Alberto | June 12, 2006 | 17 | Southeastern United States | [1] |
Hurricane Ernesto | August 24, 2006 | 5 | Florida and North Carolina, United States | [17] |
Tropical Storm Barry | June 1–2, 2007 | 4 | Cuba, Florida, United States | [18][19] |
Tropical Storm Erin | August 16, 2007 | 7 | Texas and OkLouisianahoma, United States | [18] |
Hurricane Humberto | September 12, 2007 | 1 | Louisiana, United States | [1] |
Tropical Depression Ten | September 20, 2007 | 2 | Florida, United States | [18] |
Tropical Storm Olga | December 16, 2007 | 2 | Florida, United States | [1][18] |
Hurricane Dolly | July 23–24, 2008 | 6 | Texas, United States | [1][20] |
Tropical Storm Fay | August 18–27, 2008 | 50 | South-eastern United States | [20] |
Hurricane Gustav | August 31, 2008 | 49 | United States Gulf Coast | [20] |
Hurricane Hanna | September 6, 2008 | 1 | PennsylVirginiania | [20] |
Hurricane Ike | September 9, 2008 | 33 | United States Gulf Coast | [1][20] |
Tropical Storm Nangka (Feria) | June 24, 2009 | 1 | Samar, Philippines | [21] |
2010–2019
Tropical cyclone | Outbreak dates | Tornadoes | Location of tornado(es) | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hurricane Alex | June 30 – July 2, 2010 | 11 | Texas, United States | [1][22] |
Tropical Storm Hermine | September 7–9, 2010 | 13 | Southern United States | [1] |
Cyclone Carlos | February 22, 2011 | 4 | Karratha, Australia | [23] |
Tropical Storm Arlene | June 30, 2011 | 1 | Texas, United States | [24] |
Hurricane Irene | August 26, 2011 | 9 | United States East Coast | [1] |
Tropical Storm Lee | September 3–7, 2011 | 46 | Southeastern United States | [25] |
Hurricane Rina | October 29, 2011 | 2 | Florida, United States | [1] |
Tropical Storm Beryl | May 28–30, 2012 | 4 | Southeastern United States | [26] |
Tropical Storm Debby | June 23–27, 2012 | 24 | Florida, United States | [27] |
Hurricane Isaac | August 21 – September 1, 2012 | 26 | Southeastern, Midwestern, and Eastern United States | [28] |
Typhoon Sanba (Karen) | September 18, 2012 | Several | Japan | [29] |
Hurricane Sandy | October 28, 2012 | 1 | Bermuda | [30] |
Cyclone Evan | December 2012 | Several | Samoa | [31] |
Cyclone Oswald | January 17–29, 2013 | Several | Queensland, Australia | [32] |
Tropical Storm Andrea | June 5–7, 2013 | 16 | Cuba, Florida, North Carolina | [33] |
Tropical Storm Bebinca (Fabian) | June 20, 2013 | 2 | Palawan and Occidental Mindoro, Philippines | [34] |
Severe Tropical Storm Rumbia (Gorio) | June 29, 2013 | 1 | Quezon, Philippines | [35] |
Severe Tropical Storm Toraji | September 4, 2013 | 3 | Japan | [36][37] |
Typhoon Man-yi | September 15–16, 2013 | 10 | Japan | [36][38][39] |
Tropical Storm Cindy | June 2017 | 18 | Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey | [40] |
Tropical Storm Emily | June 2017 | 18 | Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey | [41] |
Hurricane Harvey | August 25 – September 1, 2017 | 52 | Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee | [42] |
Tropical Storm Philippe | October 28–29, 2017 | 2 | Florida | [43][44] |
Tropical Storm Alberto | May 31, 2018 | 4 | Florida, South Carolina, Ohio | [45] |
Tropical Storm Gordon | September 5 – 8, 2018 | 7 | Mississippi, Kentucky, Indiana | [46] |
Hurricane Florence | September 13 – 17, 2018 | 44 | North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina | [47] |
Typhoon Mangkhut (Ompong) | September 14, 2018 | 1 | Marikina, Metro Manila, Philippines | [48] |
Hurricane Michael | October 2018 | 16 | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia | [49] |
Hurricane Dorian | September 5 – 6, 2019 | 20 | North Carolina, South Carolina | [50] |
Typhoon Hagibis | October 12, 2019 | 1 | Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan | [51] |
Tropical Storm Nestor | October 19, 2019 | 3 | Florida | [52] |
2020
Tropical cyclone | Outbreak dates | Tornadoes | Location of tornado(es) | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold | April 8, 2020 | Several | Fiji | [53] |
Tropical Storm Cristobal | June 6, 2020 | 1 | Florida | [54] |
Tropical Storm Fay | July 11, 2020 | 1 | Maine | [55] |
Hurricane Hanna | July 26, 2020 | 2 | Texas | [56][57] |
Hurricane Isaias | August 3–4, 2020 | 39 | East Coast of the United States | [58] |
Hurricane Laura | August 27–28, 2020 | 16 | Gulf Coast of the United States | |
Hurricane Sally | September 16–18, 2020 | 19 | Southern United States | |
Subtropical Storm Alpha | September 18, 2020 | 2 | Portugal | |
Hurricane Delta | October 8–11, 2020 | 14 | Southern United States |
Ver también
- List of tropical cyclones
- List of Atlantic hurricanes
- List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Referencias
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Edwards, Roger; et al. "Tropical cyclone tornado data set" (xls). Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk Grazulis, Tom; McCaul, Bill. "Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Which Have Spawned Tornadoes". The Tornado Project.
- ^ "Baker tornadoes". Tornado History Project. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ^ "Able tornadoes". Tornado History Project. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ^ a b c Grazulis, Tom; McCaul, Bill. "Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Spawning 20 or More Known Tornadoes". The Tornado Project.
- ^ "September 1961 Tornado Summary". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ^ "August 1964 Tornado Summary". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ^ "September 1964 Tornado Summary". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "October 1964 Tornado Summary". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ^ "September 1965 Tornado Summary". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- ^ United Press International. Thunderstorms Pound Gulf Coast. Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-05-13.
- ^ David M. Roth. Tropical Depression Eight – August 27 – September 1, 1981. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
- ^ "Tropical storm Tess leavs hundreds homeless, one dead in Philippines". UPI. September 3, 1985. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ "Typhoon spawns twister in Philippines". UPI. October 23, 1988. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch, Todd B. Kimberlain and Stacy R. Stewart. Preliminary Report: Hurricane Floyd 7 – 17 September, 1999. Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-05-31.
- ^ a b c d e Beven, John L; Avila, Lixion A; Blake, Eric S; Brown, Daniel P; Franklin, James L; Knabb, Richard D; Pasch, Richard J; Rhome, Jamie R; Stewart, Stacy R (March 1, 2008). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 136 (3): 1109–1173. Bibcode:2008MWRv..136.1109B. doi:10.1175/2007MWR2074.1.
- ^ Franklin, James L; Brown, Daniel P (2007). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2006". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 137 (3): 1174–1200. Bibcode:2008MWRv..136.1174F. doi:10.1175/2007MWR2377.1.
- ^ a b c d Brennan, Michael J; Knabb, Richard J; Mainelli, Michelle; Kimberlain, Todd B (2009). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2007". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 138 (5): 4061–4088. Bibcode:2009MWRv..137.4061B. doi:10.1175/2009MWR2995.1. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2013. Alt URL
- ^ Instituto de Meteorología (April 7, 2008). Member Report: Cuba: Summary of the 2007 Hurricane Season In Cuba. RA IV Hurricane Committee. World Meteorological Organization. p. 1. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Brown, Daniel P; Beven, John L; Franklin, James L; Blake, Eric S (May 1, 2010). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008". Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 138 (5): 1975–2001. Bibcode:2010MWRv..138.1975B. doi:10.1175/2009MWR3174.1.
- ^ "Tropical storm kills 6 in central Philippines". Shanghai Daily. Archived from the original on 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
- ^ Pasch, Richard J (December 15, 2010). Hurricane Alex: June 25 – July 2, 2010 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ^ Western Australian Regional Office. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Carlos". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
- ^ Beven II, John L (August 8, 2012). Tropical Storm Arlene: June 28 – July 1, 2011 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ^ Brown, Daniel P (December 15, 2011). Tropical Storm Lee (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. pp. 4–5. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Beven II, John L (December 12, 2012). Tropical Storm Beryl: May 20 – 26, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ^ Kimberlain, Todd B (January 7, 2013). Tropical Storm Debby: June 23 – 27, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Berg, Robert J (January 28, 2013). Hurricane Issac: August 21 – September 1, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Japan Meteorological Agency (November 22, 2012). Member Report: Japan (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 7th Integrated Workshop. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 9–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Blake, Eric S; Kimberlain, Todd B; Berg, Robert J; Cangialosi, John P; Beven II, John L (February 12, 2013). Hurricane Sandy: October 22 – 29, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=421674
- ^ Queensland Regional Office (February 2013). Tropical Cyclone Oswald (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Beven II, John L (August 22, 2013). Tropical Storm Andrea: June 5 – 7, 2013 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ^ "Effects of Tropical Depression "Fabian" in Region IV-B" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. June 22, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
- ^ "SitRep No.9 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "Gorio"" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. July 1, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ a b Japan Meteorological Agency (November 22, 2013). Member Report: Japan (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 8th Integrated Workshop/2nd TRCG Forum. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ 平成25年9月2日からの突風及び大雨による被害状況等について(最終報) [Damage situation due heavy rain and wind gusts from the September 2, 2013 (Final Report)] (PDF) (Report) (in Japanese). Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 26, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
- ^ 台風第18号による被害状況等について(第11報) [Damage status, etc. according to 18 Typhoon (Report 11)] (PDF) (Report) (in Japanese). Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency. October 7, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ^ Japan Meteorological Agency (January 4, 2015). Japan (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 9th Integrated Workshop October 20 – 23, 2014 (Member Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (January 26, 2018). Tropical Storm Cindy: June 20 - 23, 2017 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 5. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (January 26, 2018). Tropical Storm Cindy: June 20 - 23, 2017 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 5. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Blake, Eric S; Zelinsky, David A (May 9, 2018). Hurricane Harvey: August 17 – September 1, 2018 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 8. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Cohen, Howard (October 28, 2017). "Tornado touches down in Bird Road neighborhood". Miami Herald. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
- ^ "Tower cam captures video of tornado in West Palm Beach". WFLA. October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (October 18, 2018). Tropical Storm Alberto: May 25 – 31, 2018 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 6. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Brown, Daniel P; Latto, Andrew; Berg, Robbie (October 18, 2018). Hurricane Gordon: August 31 – September 17, 2018 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 6. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Stewart, Stacy R; Berg, Robbie (October 18, 2018). Hurricane Florence: August 31 – September 17, 2018 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 8. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ "Buhawi nanalasa sa Marikina; 2 residente nakuryente". ABS-CBN News (in Tagalog). 14 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ Beven II, John L; Berg, Robbie; Hagen, Andrew (May 17, 2019). Hurricane Michael: October 7 – 11, 2018 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 10. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ^ Winsor, Morgan; Shapiro, Emily (6 September 2019). "Hurricane Dorian, already responsible for 20 reported tornadoes, lashes North Carolina coast". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ Demetriou, Danielle; Ryall, Julian (12 October 2019). "Millions evacuated as Super Typhoon Hagibis slams into Japan - throwing Rugby World Cup into chaos". The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
- ^ "Event Review Tropical Storm Nestor".
- ^ Fiji Climate Summary: April 2020 Volume 41: Issue 4 (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. May 8, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
- ^ "Cristobal's Outer Bands Bring Tornado to Downtown Orlando". weather.com. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: PNS from NWS GYX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
- ^ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: PNS from NWS BRO". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
- ^ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: PNS from NWS EWX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
- ^ "NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit". apps.dat.noaa.gov. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
Otras lecturas
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- Schultz, Lori A.; D.J. Cecil (Oct 2009). "Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes, 1950–2007". Mon. Wea. Rev. 137 (10): 3471–84. Bibcode:2009MWRv..137.3471S. doi:10.1175/2009MWR2896.1.
- Edwards, Roger (2010). "Tropical cyclone tornado records for the modernized National Weather Service era". 25th Conf. Severe Local Storms. Denver, CO: American Meteorological Society.
- Verbout, S. M.; D. M. Schultz; L. M. Leslie; H. E. Brooks; D. J. Karoly; K. L. Elmore (2007). "Tornado outbreaks associated with landfalling hurricanes in the north Atlantic Basin: 1954–2004". Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 97 (1–4): 255–71. Bibcode:2007MAP....97..255V. doi:10.1007/s00703-006-0256-x. S2CID 29424761.
- Verbout, Stephanie M.; L.M. Leslie; H.E. Brooks; D.M. Schultz; D.J. Karoly (2005). "Tornado outbreaks associated with land-falling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin". 6th Conf. Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes. San Diego, CA: American Meteorological Society.
- Edwards, Roger (2012). "Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes: A Review of Knowledge in Research and Prediction". e-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology. 7 (6).
- Edwards, Roger (1999). "Tornado production by exiting tropical cyclones". 23rd Conf. Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Dallas, TX: American Meteorological Society.
enlaces externos
- The Tornado Project
- Hurricanes vs. Tornadoes (AOML)
- Tropical Cyclone Tornado Research Group at Saint Louis University