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El distrito de Mysuru es un distrito administrativo ubicado en la parte sur del estado de Karnataka , India. Es la sede administrativa de la División de Mysore . [3] El distrito de Chamarajanagar fue tallado en el distrito original de Mysore más grande en el año 1998. El distrito está delimitado por el distrito de Chamrajanagar al sureste, el distrito de Mandya al este y noreste, el estado de Kerala al sur, el distrito de Kodagu al oeste, y el distrito de Hassan al norte. [4]

Este distrito tiene un lugar destacado en la historia de Karnataka ; Mysore fue gobernada por los Wodeyars desde el año 1399 hasta la independencia de la India en el año 1947. Cuenta con muchos destinos turísticos, desde el Palacio de Mysore hasta el Parque Nacional Nagarhole . Es el tercer distrito más poblado de Karnataka (de 31 ), después de Bangalore Urban . [5]

Etimología [ editar ]

El distrito de Mysore recibe su nombre de la ciudad de Mysore, que también es la sede del distrito. El nombre original de esta ciudad era Mahishapura derivado de un demonio llamado Mahishasura . Una estatua de Mahishasura , que da nombre a la ciudad, y un templo dedicado a la diosa Chamundeshwari en la cima de la colina Chamundi cerca de la ciudad de Mysore , se relacionan con la leyenda de su origen. [ cita requerida ]

Historia [ editar ]

Palacio de Mysore

La referencia más antigua conocida de gobernantes en el distrito de Mysore son los Gangas que durante el gobierno del rey Avinitha (469-529 EC), trasladaron la capital de Kolar a Talakadu a orillas del río Kaveri en el taluk de Tirumakudalu Narasipura . [6] Talakadu siguió siendo su capital real hasta el final del gobierno de Ganges a principios del siglo XI. Gangas gobernaba una gran parte del distrito de Mysore, entonces conocido con el nombre de Gangavadi . A finales del siglo VIII, el rey Rashtrakuta Dhruva Dharavarsha derrotó al rey Ganga Shivamara II y le arrebató Gangavadi. Gangavadi quedó bajo el gobierno deKambarasa , hijo de Dhruva Dharavarsha . Gangas que fueron derrocados de Gangavadi, tuvieron que esperar hasta que su rey Nitimarga Ereganga (853-869 EC) obtuviera una victoria contra los Rashtrakutas en Rajaramudu. Al ver el poder creciente de Gangas, el rey Amoghavarsha I de Rashtrakuta le dio a su hija Revakanimmadi en matrimonio con el hijo de Ereganga, Butuga II, quien se convirtió en el gobernante de Gangavadi. Gangas gobernó sobre Gangavadi hasta que el rey de Ganga, Rakkasa Ganga (985-1024 EC) fue derrotado por los Cholas . [7]

En el año 1117, Vishnuvardhana , el gran rey de la dinastía Hoysala , se apoderó de Gangavathi y su capital, Talakad, de manos de los Cholas. Para conmemorar este logro, Vishnuvardhana construyó el templo Keerthinarayana en Talakad . [8] Gangavadi fue gobernado por los Hoysalas hasta la muerte de su último gobernante, Veera Ballala III, después de lo cual Gangavadi se convirtió en parte del Imperio Vijayanagar . En 1399, Yaduraya estableció la dinastía Wodeyar en Mysore . [9] Permaneció como un feudatorio del Imperio Vijayanagar.debiendo lealtad a los reyes de Vijayanagar y al representante de Vijayanagar en Srirangapatna , hasta la caída del Imperio Vijayanagar en 1565 EC. En el vacío que se creó, Raja Wodeyar I (1578-1617) estableció el control y se convirtió en el primer gobernante importante de la familia Wodeyar. Derrotó al representante de Vijayanagar en una batalla en Kesare cerca de Mysore, trasladó su capital de Mysore a Srirangapatna en 1610 d.C. [10]

Los Wodeyars continuaron gobernando Mysore hasta el reinado de Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734-1766), cuando Hyder Ali Khan y su hijo Tipu Sultan se convirtieron en los gobernantes virtuales de Mysore. [9] Aunque hubo reyes Wodeyar durante el gobierno de Hyder Ali y Tipu Sultan , eran meros testaferros. Con la muerte de Tipu Sultan en 1799 bajo las manos de los británicos , los Wodeyars fueron reintegrados al trono de Mysore y la capital se trasladó de nuevo a Mysore . El príncipe Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, que solo tenía 5 años, fue instalado en el trono de Mysore en 1799. [9]Wodeyars eran subsidiarias del Imperio Británico y tenían que pagar subsidios anuales. Durante el gobierno de Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, los británicos recuperaron el reino de Wodeyars en 1831 con el pretexto de que el rey de Wodeyar no pagaba el subsidio anual. [11] Se designaron comisionados para gobernar el reino de Mysore. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road y Cubbon Park en la ciudad de Bangalore llevan su nombre) y LB Bowring (el Hospital Bowring en la ciudad de Bangalore lleva su nombre) fueron los destacados comisionados británicos que gobernaron Mysore. Sin embargo, los reyes de Wodeyar plantearon un alegato en contra de esto con el Parlamento británico, que dio un favor gobernante a los Wodeyar. En 1881, Chamaraja Wodeyar IX(hijo de Krishnaraja Wodeyar III y rey ​​de Wodeyar desde 1868) recibió las riendas del reino de Mysore de manos de los británicos. [11] Los Wodeyars continuaron gobernando el Reino de Mysore, hasta el gobierno de Jayachamaraja Wodeyar quien, en el año 1947, fusionó su reino en el nuevo dominio de la India independiente. Permaneció como maharajá hasta que India se convirtió en república en el año 1950, después de lo cual fue ungido como Raja Pramukh (un cargo constitucional) como jefe del estado de Mysore hasta 1956. En 1956, después de la reorganización de los estados indios, el estado de Mysore nació y Jayachamaraja Wodeyar fue nombrado gobernador de este estado, cargo que ocupó hasta 1964.

Kalamandira Mysore

Geografía [ editar ]

El distrito de Mysore está ubicado entre la latitud 11 ° 45 'a 12 ° 40' N y la longitud 75 ° 57 'a 77 ° 15' E. Limita con el distrito de Mandya al noreste, el distrito de Chamrajanagar al sureste, el estado de Kerala al sur , El distrito de Kodagu al oeste y el distrito de Hassan al norte. Tiene una superficie de 6.854 km 2 (ocupa el puesto 12 en el estado). El centro administrativo del distrito de Mysore es la ciudad de Mysore . El distrito es parte de la división de Mysore . Antes de 1998, el distrito de Mysore también contenía el distrito de Chamarajanagar antes de que esa área fuera separada.

El distrito se encuentra en la meseta ondulada de la meseta del sur de Deccan , dentro de la cuenca del río Kaveri , que fluye a través de las partes noroeste y este del distrito. El embalse de Krishna Raja Sagara , que se formó mediante la construcción de una presa a lo largo del Kaveri , se encuentra en el extremo norte del distrito. El Parque Nacional Nagarhole se encuentra en parte en el distrito de Mysore y en parte en el adyacente distrito de Kodagu .

Clima [ editar ]

La temperatura en el distrito varía de 15 ° C en invierno a 35 ° C en verano. El distrito de Mysore recibe una precipitación media de 785 mm. [12]

Geología [ editar ]

Los tipos de suelo que se encuentran en este distrito son suelos rojos (suelo franco gravoso rojo, suelo franco rojo, suelo arcilloso grava rojo, suelo arcilloso rojo), suelo laterítico, suelo negro profundo, suelo aluvial-coluvial salino y suelo forestal marrón. [13] Algunos de los minerales que se encuentran en este distrito son cianita , silimanita , cuarzo , magnesita , cromita , esteatita , felita , corindón , grafito , piedra caliza , dolomita , siliconita y dunita [14]

Economía [ editar ]

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, the rivers Kaveri and Kabini provide the irrigation needs required for agriculture in this district. According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001–2002, Mysore district yielded a foodgrain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year.[15] Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, grams, groundnut, jowar, maize, ragi, rice, sugarcane, sunflower and tur.[16] Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy; especially the palm oil production in H D Kote Taluk.[17]

Industries[edit]

Infosys in Hebbal Industrial Area, Hootagalli, Mysore

Industries in Mysore district are mainly concentrated around the cities of Mysore and Nanjangud. Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established two industrial estates as Mysore and Nanjangud and established six industrial areas in Mysore district to encourage Industrial Development of the district. These are located at Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli of Mysore Industrial estate and the industrial areas Nanjangud and Thandavapura of Nanjangud industrial estate.[18]

The first major industry to be set up in Mysore with the partnership of the Maharaja of Mysore when Mysore was still an industrially backward district in 1960 was the now defunct Ideal Jawa India Ltd. Motorcycle factory with technical collaboration with Jawa Motors of Czechoslovakia.

Some of the major industries located near Mysore city are:

  • Vikrant Tyres Ltd. - Manufacturer of tyres
  • Automotive Axles Ltd. - Manufacturer of axles
  • Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) - Manufacturer of heavy machinery
  • Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC) - Manufacturer of silk garments
  • TVS Ltd. - Manufacturer of motor vehicles and parts (Near Nanjangud, Mysore Taluk)
  • Larsen and Tubro Limited (Manufacturer of medical equipments and Electronic meters)

Some of the major industries located in Nanjangud are:

  • Dunford Fabrics (Closed)
  • VKC Sandals (India) Private Limited
  • Nestle India Ltd.
  • Ray Hans Technologies
  • AT&S India Pvt Ltd.
  • TVS Motor Company
  • Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd.
  • South India Paper Mills
  • Indus Fila
  • S Kumars Now --> Reid & Taylor
  • Raman Boards
  • REI Electronics
  • Jubilant Life sciences limited
  • Brakes (India)
  • Bacardi RUM, Gemini Distilleries Pvt Ltd.
  • Zenith Textiles
  • Kottakal Arya Vaidyasala
  • Supreem Pharmaceuticals Mysore Pvt Ltd.,
  • ITC (Tobacco Processing)
  • United Breweries (Upcoming)

Information technology[edit]

Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in Karnataka after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised Mysore as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry.[19] Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in Mysore was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores.[19] Some of the major IT companies located here are:

  • Wipro Infotech
  • Aris Global Pvt Ltd
  • WeP Peripherals Ltd. (earlier known as Wipro ePeripherals Ltd.)
  • Infosys
  • Software Paradigms (India)
  • Larson and Toubro

Tourism[edit]

Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud

Tourism is another big industry in Mysore. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006.[20] Though Mysore city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like Nanjangud, Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and Tirumakudalu Narasipura as tourist places.[21]

Administration[edit]

Skyline of Hootagalli, suburb of Mysore City and a CMC
Map of Mysuru District 2020

Mysore district is divided into three subdivisions, Nanjangud, Mysore and Hunsur. The Mysore district administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner who also has the additional role of a District Magistrate. Assistant Commissioners, Tahsildars, Shirastedars (revenue official at Tahsil level), Revenue inspectors and Village Accountants help the Deputy Commissioner in the administration of the district. Mysore city is the headquarters of the district. It lies on the north eastern part of the district and is well known for its beautiful palaces and also for the festivities that take place during Dasara.

Mysore District is subdivided into nine taluks:

  • Piriyapatna
  • Hunsur
  • Krishnarajanagara
  • Mysore
  • Heggadadevanakote
  • Nanjangud
  • Saragur
  • Tirumakudalu Narasipura
  • Saligrama

Mysore district has 1 Municipal Corporation, 3 City Municipal Councils, 5 Town Municipal Councils and 6 Town Panchayats.

  • Mysuru City Corporation
  • Hootagalli CMC
  • Hunasuru CMC
  • Nanjangud CMC
  • K.R Nagar TMC
  • T.Narsipura TMC
  • Bannur TMC
  • H.D Kote TMC
  • Periyapatna TMC
  • Bogadhi TP
  • Rammanahalli TP
  • Srirampura TP
  • Kadakola TP
  • Saragur TP
  • Saligrama TP

Mysore district elects 11 members to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The 11 assembly constituencies are:

  • Chamaraja, Krishnaraja, Narasimharaja and Chamundeshwari (belonging to Mysore city)
  • Varuna (belonging to Nanjangud and Tirumakudalu Narasipura)
  • Hunsur
  • Piriyapatna
  • Krishnarajanagara
  • Heggadadevanakote
  • Nanjangud
  • Tirumakudalu Narasipura

Mysore district also elects 1 member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for Nanjangud, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, K.R.Nagara and H.D.Kote which belong to the Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency.

Demographics[edit]

According to the 2011 census Mysore district has a population of 3,001,127,[5] roughly equal to the nation of Armenia[23][24] or the US state of Mississippi.[25] This gives it a ranking of 125th in India (out of a total of 640).[5] The district has a population density of 437 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) .[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.39%.[5] Mysore has a sex ratio of 982 females for every 1000 males,[5] and a literacy rate of 72.56%.[5]

Hindus constitute 87.44% of the population with Muslims making up 8.87% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, Buddhists and other religious groups. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.8% and 11.1% of the district's population respectively.[26] The major tribes are Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba, Paniya, Yereva and Soliga.[27]

At the time of the 2011 census, 80.8% of the population spoke Kannada, 9.27% Urdu, 2.91% Telugu, 2.22% Tamil, and 1.12% Hindi as their first language.[5]

Gallery[edit]

  • Gokulam, Mysore

  • Mysore Gundlupet road

  • Antharasanthe village

See also[edit]

  • Mysore (City)
  • Mysore division
  • Nanjangud

References[edit]

  1. ^ "District census Hand book" (PDF). Census Registrar, Government of India. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Know India- Karnataka". Government of India. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  3. ^ "KARNATAKA LEGISLATURE". www.kla.kar.nic.in. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  4. ^ Census of India 2011, District Census Handbook, Mysore. https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2923_PART_B_DCHB_MYSORE.pdf: Government of India. 2011.CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  6. ^ Kamath (2001), p 40
  7. ^ The History of the Gangas is discussed by Arthikaje. "History of Karnataka: Gangas of Talakad". Webpage of OurKarnataka.com. 1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
  8. ^ The history of Talakad has been presented by Latha Senali. "Temple Tales". Online Edition of Deccan Herald, dated 2003-11-28. 1999, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
  9. ^ a b c A history of Mysore kings is presented by Correspondent. "Wodeyars of Mysore (1578-1947)". MysoreDasara.com. Organising Committee of Dasara Festivities 2006, Govt. of Karnataka. Archived from the original on 22 January 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  10. ^ A history of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore is presented by Correspondent. "Kings of Mysore, royal family, heritage". Mysore Samachar, Online Edition. MysoreSamachar.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
  11. ^ a b A brief description of the British Raj's rule at Mysore is described by Janardhan Roye. "From Tipu to the Raj Bhavan". Online Edition of the Deccan Herald, dated 2005-07-18. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Retrieved 30 March 2007.[dead link]
  12. ^ Average Rainfall in the districts of Karnataka are specified by National Informatics Centre. "Rainfall". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  13. ^ Types of soil found in Karnataka are described by National Informatics Centre. "Traditional Soil Groups of Karnataka and their Geographic Distribution". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka.
  14. ^ List of Mining Leases given out by the State of Karnataka is mentioned by National Informatics Centre. "Mining Leases". Webpage of the Department of Mines and Geology. Government of Karnataka. Archived from the original on 11 April 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  15. ^ Statistics related to Agriculture are presented by National Informatics Centre. "Agricultural Statistics". Webpage of the Agriculture Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  16. ^ Statistics related to cultivation of various crops in Karnataka are presented by National Informatics Centre. "Agricultural Statistics". Webpage of the Department of Economics and Statistics. Government of Karnataka. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  17. ^ Palm Oil production in Mysore district is discussed by National Informatics Centre. "Annual Report 2005-06" (PDF). Webpage of the Horticultural Department. Govt. of Karnataka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  18. ^ Industrial Areas developed by KIADB in Mysore district are mentioned in the webpage: KIADB Industrial Areas Archived 2 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ a b Mysore is the number one among Tier II cities for the promotion of IT industry is discussed by Staff Correspondent (20 August 2006). "Software exports from Mysore to cross Rs. 850 cr. this year". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  20. ^ Tourism Expo in Mysore is described by Staff Correspondent (15 May 2006). "Karnataka Tourism Expo 2006 begins in Mysore today". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  21. ^ Shankar Bennur. "A tryst with the wild". Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2006-03-28. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  22. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  23. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Armenia 2,967,975 July 2011 est.
  24. ^ "Mysore census Hand book" (PDF). Census Registrar, Government of India. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  25. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Mississippi 2,967,297
  26. ^ Data related to the 2001 Census; classified according to religion is provided in detail in the website of the Census department of India in this webpage Archived 6 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ A detailed report on the tribes found in the Nagarhole National Park is presented by The Inspection Panel. "Report and Recommendation on Request for Inspection, India Ecodevelopment Project, Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarhole) National Park" (PDF). World Bank Internet Resource. The World Bank. Retrieved 3 April 2007.

External links[edit]

  • www.Mysore.ind.in
  • Official Website of Mysore district
  • Mysore City Portal
  • Mysore Media