From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search

DC Comics has produced many crossover stories combining characters from different series of comics. Some of these are set in the fictional DC Universe, or any number of settings within the DC Multiverse.

Publication history[edit]

Pre-Crisis[edit]

Crisis on Infinite Earths and Post-Crisis[edit]

Post-Flashpoint[edit]

Post-DC Rebirth[edit]

Post-Dark Nights: Metal[edit]

Post-Dark Nights: Death Metal[edit]

Note: All bolded events are considered "company-wide".

Crossovers with other companies[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Flash #123
  2. ^ The Flash #137
  3. ^ Justice League of America #21-22
  4. ^ Justice League of America #29
  5. ^ Hawkman #4 - "The Girl Who Split in Two!", Detective Comics #336 - "Batman's Bewitched Nightmare", The Atom #19 - "World of the Magic Atom", Green Lantern (vol. 2) #42 - "The Other Side of The World!", Detective Comics #355 - "The Tantalizing Troubles of the Tripod Thieves", Justice League of America #51 - "Z -- As in Zatanna-- and Zero Hour!", and DC Special Blue Ribbon Digest #5 - "The Secret Spell" Between Hawkman, Detective Comics, The Atom, Green Lantern (vol. 2), Detective Comics and Justice League of America
  6. ^ Green Lantern #40
  7. ^ Green Lantern/Green Arrow #85 - "Snowbirds Don't Fly; The Strange Trial of Green Lantern!", Green Lantern/Green Arrow #86 - "They Say It'll Kill Me... But They Won't Say When"
  8. ^ All-Star Squadron #14 - "The "Mystery Men" of October!", Justice League of America #207 - "Crisis Times Three!", All-Star Squadron #15 - "Master of Worlds and Time! / Fate is the Killer", Justice League of America #208 - "The Bomb-Blast Heard 'Round the World!", Justice League of America #209 - "Let Old Acquaintances Be Forgot..."
  9. ^ Superman #423; Action Comics #583
  10. ^ Action Comics #560, 564; All-Star Squadron #40, 50-60; Amethyst #2, 13; Batman #384, 389-391; Batman and the Outsiders #14-15; Blue Devil #5, 17-19; DC Comics Presents #76, 78, 86–88, 94-95; Detective Comics #551, 555-558; The Flash #338-339; The Fury of Firestorm the Nuclear Man #28, 41-42; G.I. Combat #274-275; Green Lantern #173, 176, 178, 194-198; Infinity Inc. #8, 18–25, Annual #1; Jonah Hex #90; Justice League of America #232, 234, 244–245, Annual #3; The New Teen Titans #13-15, #21, Annual #2; The Saga of the Swamp Thing (vol. 2) #30-31; Superman #402-403, 413-415; Tales of the Legion of Super-Heroes #317, 319-320; Tales of the Teen Titans #47, 58; Vigilante #14, 22; Warlord #91, 97; Wonder Woman #321, 323, 327-329; World's Finest Comics #311, 314; The Legend of Wonder Woman #1-4; Legion of Super-Heroes #13-18, Annual #1; The Losers Special #1; The Omega Men #26, 31-33; Swamp Thing (vol. 2) #39-46; Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew! in The Oz-Wonderland War #3; Legends of the DCU: Crisis on Infinite Earths #1; Crisis on Infinite Earths #1-12; DCU: Legacies #5-6; Deadman: Dead Again #1; JLA: Incarnations #5; Comics Values Monthly #95
  11. ^ Invasion #1-3; The Adventures of Superman #449-450; Animal Man #6-7; Blasters Special #1; Captain Atom #24-25; Checkmate #11-12; Daily Planet #1; Detective Comics #595; Doom Patrol #17-18; Firestorm the Nuclear Man #80-81; The Flash #21-22; Invasion Special: Daily Planet #1; Justice League International #22-23; L.E.G.I.O.N. '89 #1; Manhunter #8-9; The New Guardians #6-7; Power of the Atom #7-8; The Spectre #23; Starman #5-6; Suicide Squad #23; Superman #26-27; Swamp Thing (vol. 2) #80-81; Wonder Woman #25-26
  12. ^ Batman #440 - "A Lonely Place of Dying Part 1: Suspects", The New Titans #60 - "A Lonely Place of Dying Part 2", Batman #441 - "A Lonely Place of Dying Chapter Three: Parallel Lines!", The New Titans #61 - "A Lonely Place of Dying Part 4", Batman #442 - "A Lonely Place of Dying: Reborn"
  13. ^ War of the Gods #1-4; Animal Man #40; Batman #470; Captain Atom #56-57; The Demon #17; Doctor Fate #32-33; The Flash #55; Hawk and Dove #28; Hawkworld #15-16; Justice League America #55; Justice League Europe #31; L.E.G.I.O.N. '91 #31; The New Titans #81; Starman #38; Suicide Squad #58; Superman: The Man of Steel #3; Wonder Woman #58-61
  14. ^ Action Comics #674 - "Prologue", Superman: The Man of Steel #9 - "First Strike", Superman (vol. 2) #65 - "Second Strike", Adventures of Superman #488 - "Third Strike", Action Comics #675 - "Fourth Strike", Superman: The Man of Steel #10 - "Fifth Strike", Superman (vol. 2) #66 - "Final Strike", Adventures of Superman #489 - "Epilogue" Action Comics #676 Superman: The Man of Steel#11 Superman #67 Adventures of Superman #490
  15. ^ Collected Edition - ISBN 978-1401263232
  16. ^ Superman: The Man of Steel #17-26; Superman (vol. 2) #73-83; Adventures of Superman #496-505; Action Comics #683-691; Supergirl/Lex Luthor Special #1; Superman: The Legacy of Superman #1; Steel Annual #2; Superman Annual #5; Action Comics Annual #5; Batman and Superman: World's Finest #9; Justice League America #69-70; Green Lantern #46
  17. ^ Batman #512 - "Prodigal Part 1: Robin and Batman", Batman: Shadow of the Bat #32 - "Falls Upon Prodigal: Part Two", Detective Comics #679 - "Prodigal Three : The Vermin Factor", Robin #11 - Prodigal, "Part 4: Two in Every Crowd", Batman #513 - "Prodigal 5: Double Deuce", Batman: Shadow of the Bat #33 - "Falls Upon Prodigal: Part Six", Detective Comics #680 - "Prodigal Seven : A Twice-Told Tale", Robin #12 - "Prodigal, Part 8: Bullies", Batman #514 - "Prodigal 9: One Night in the War Zone", Batman: Shadow of the Bat #34 - "Falls Upon; Prodigal: Part Ten", Detective Comics #681 - "Prodigal Eleven: Knight Without Armor", Robin #13 - "Prodigal, Conclusion: Wings Over Gotham", Nightwing: "Alfred's Return #1 - The Britannia Coup", Batman: "Prodigal #1 - Prodigal"
  18. ^ Action Comics #699 - "Eye of the Hurricane", Superman: The Man of Steel #34 - "War / The Call", The Adventures of Superman #513 - "Target: Cadmus", Action Comics #700 - "Swan Song", Superman (vol. 2) #90 - "Battle Ground Metropolis", Superman: The Man of Steel #35 - "Afterburn", The Adventures of Superman #514 - "Dangerous Visions", Action Comics #701 - "Final Conflict", Superman (vol. 2) #91 - "My Life!" Wonder Woman #88
  19. ^ Justice League America #101 - "Pressure Cooker", Hawkman #22 - "Storm Over Thanagar", Guy Gardner: Warrior #32 - "Give me a Space to Call My Own", Justice League America #102 - "Breakout!", Hawkman #23 - "Essential Warfare", Guy Gardner: Warrior #33 - "Into the Valley of Death", Guy Gardner: Warrior #34 - "Deathrock: Justice is Coming!"
  20. ^ Underworld Unleashed #1-3; Underworld Unleashed: Abyss--Hell's Sentinel #1; Underworld Unleashed: Apokolips--Dark Uprising #1; Underworld Unleashed: Bathan Devil's Asylum #1; Underworld Unleashed: Patterns of Fear #1; The Adventures of Superman #530; Aquaman #14; Azrael #10; Batman #525; Catwoman #27; Damage #18-19; Detective Comics #691-692; Extreme Justice #10-11; Fate #13-14; The Flash #107; Green Arrow #102-103; Green Lantern #68-69; Guy Gardner, Warrior #36-37; Hawkman #26-27; Impulse #8-9; Justice League America #105-106; Justice League Task Force #30; Legion of Super-Heroes #75; Legionnaires #32; Lobo #22; Manhunter #11-12; Primal Force #13-14; R.E.B.E.L.S. '95 #13-14; The Ray #18-19; Robin #23-24; Showcase '95 #12; The Spectre #35-36; Starman #13; Steel #2; Superboy #20, #22; Superman: The Man of Tomorrow #3
  21. ^ The Flash #108 - "Dead Heat, First Lap: Flatfooted", Impulse #10 - "Dead Heat, Third Lap: Disaffected Youth", The Flash #109 - "Dead Heat Part 2 of 6", Impulse #11 - "Dead Heat, Fifth Lap: Breaking the Barrier", The Flash #110 - "Dead Heat Part 4 of 6", The Flash #111 - "Dead Heat: Finale"
  22. ^ Superman: The Man of Steel #78; Aquaman #43; Challengers of the Unknown #15; Superman (vol. 2) #134; Supergirl #20; Teen Titans #19; The Adventures of Superman #557; Steel #50; Action Comics #744; Superman: The Man of Steel #79; Superman (vol. 2) #135; Team Superman Secret Files and Origins #1; Superman Forever #1
  23. ^ The Flash #145 - "Chain Lightning Chapter One: The Gathering Storm", The Flash #146 - "Chain Lightning Chapter Two: Time Like a River", Impulse #46 - "When Barry Met Bart", The Flash #147 - "Chain Lightning Chapter Three: Shooting the Rapids", The Flash #148 - "Chain Lightning Chapter Four: Undertow", The Flash #149 - "Chain Lightning Chapter Five: Whirlpool", The Flash #150 - "Chain Lightning Finale: Finish Line"
  24. ^ Superboy #70 - "The Evil Factory Part 1: Evil Factory!", Superboy #71 - "The Evil Factory Part 2: Prisoners of the Project!", Superboy #72 - "The Evil Factory Part 3: The Hex Files", Superboy #73 - "The Evil Factory Part 4: Point of No Return!", Young Justice: Sins of Youth #1 - "Justice For All", Superboy #74 - "The Evil Factory Part 5: Game, Set & Match!"
  25. ^ Young Justice #44 - "World Without Young Justice Part 1: The World What Once We Knew", Impulse #85 - "World Without Young Justice Part 2: Glimpses of You!", Robin #101 - "World Without Young Justice Part 3: Redone by the Vandal(s) of Time", Superboy #99 - "World Without Young Justice Part 4: Doomsboy", Young Justice #45 - "World Without Young Justice Part 5: Bang Bang Bedlam's Purple Hammer"
  26. ^ JSA #56-58; Hawkman #23-25
  27. ^ Identity Crisis #1-7; The Adventures of Superman #636, 644; Firestorm #6; The Flash #214-217; JSA #67; Manhunter #5; Teen Titans #20-23; JLA #115-119; Green Arrow #52, 54-57
  28. ^ Blood of the Demon #13-15; Brave New World #1; The All-New Atom #1-6; The Creeper #1-6; Ion #1-12; Martian Manhunter #1-8; OMAC #1-8; The Trials of Shazam! #1-12
  29. ^ Justice League Dark #6 - "Bloody Reunion", I, Vampire #6 - "This Charming Man", Justice League Dark #7 - "Red Blood, Dark Magic", I, Vampire #7 - "Blame it on Cain", Justice League Dark #8 - "The Leaving", I, Vampire #8 - "Cruel to be Kind"
  30. ^ Green Lantern #17-20; Green Lantern Corps #17-20; Green Lantern: New Guardians #17-20; Red Lanterns #17-20
  31. ^ Collected Edition - ISBN 978-1401246938
  32. ^ Animal Man #12 - "Prologue, Part One", Swamp Thing #12 - "Prologue, Part Two", Animal Man #13 - "The Red Kingdom, Part One", Frankenstein, Agent of S.H.A.D.E. #13 - "Secrets of the Dead: Victor's Spoils", Swamp Thing #13 - "The Green Kingdom, Part One", Swamp Thing Annual #1 - "The Hidden", Animal Man #14 - "The Red Kingdom, Part Two", Frankenstein, Agent of S.H.A.D.E. #14 - "Secrets of the Dead: Who's That Trip-Trapping Over My Bridge?", Swamp Thing #14 - "The Green Kingdom, Part Two", Animal Man #15 - "The Red Kingdom, Part Three", Frankenstein, Agent of S.H.A.D.E. #15, Animal Man #16-18, Swamp Thing #16-18
  33. ^ Savage Hawkman #13; Green Arrow #14; Deathstroke #14; Savage Hawkman #14-16
  34. ^ Demon Knights #13-15; All-Star Western #13-16; Team 7 #1-4; Catwoman #15-16; Sword of Sorcery #6-8
  35. ^ Superman #23.3 - To He'l and Back, Action Comics Annual #2 Krypton Returns, Part 1, Superboy #25 - Krypton Returns, Part 2: Beware the Eradicator!, Supergirl #25 - Krypton Returns, Part 3: Kara's Last Stand Against the Clones!, Superman #25 - Krypton Returns, Part 4: My Enemy, My Father?
  36. ^ Detective Comics #18; Batman and Robin #18, Batman #18; Batgirl #18; Catwoman #18; Nightwing #18; Red Hood and the Outlaws #18; Batman Incorporated #6-9; Teen Titans #18; Worlds' Finest #10
  37. ^ Superman #18-24, Annual #2; Action Comics #24; Superboy #22-24
  38. ^ Green Lantern #24; Green Lantern Corps #24; Green Lantern: New Guardians #24, Red Lanterns #24, Green Lantern Annual #2
  39. ^ Supergirl #26-29; Green Lantern #28; Red Lanterns #28-29; Supergirl #30; Red Lanterns #30; "Supergirl" #31; Red Lanterns #31-32; Supergirl #32-33; Red Lanterns #33; Red Lanterns Annual #1; Red Lanterns #34
  40. ^ Batgirl #27 - "A Healing Curse"; Catwoman #27 - "Happiness is a Cold Gun"; Detective Comics #27 - "Gothtopia, Part 1 of 3: The Perfect Crime"; Batwing #27 - "Not All That Glitters"; Birds of Prey #27, Detective Comics #28 - "Gothtopia, Part 2 of 3: The Maddening Crowd"; Birds of Prey #28 - "The Wings of Truth!"; Catwoman #28 - The Way of the Cat"; Batwing #28 - "Master Torres Was Right"; Detective Comics #29 - "Gothtopia, Part 3 of 3: The Truth and Nothing But"
  41. ^ Worlds' Finest #19-21, Annual #1; Batman/Superman #8-9
  42. ^ Green Lantern #31 - Uprising Part 1: Battle of Wills", Green Lantern Corps #31 - "Uprising Part 2: Prison Break", Green Lantern #32 - "Uprising Part 3: Sea Change", Green Lantern Corps #32 - "Uprising Part 4: Insidious!", Green Lantern #33 - "Uprising Part 5: Last Stand of the Lanterns", Green Lantern Corps #33 - "Uprising Part 6: Fatale"
  43. ^ Batman #35-40, Annual #3; Detective Comics: Endgame #1; Batgirl: Endgame #1; Arkham Manor: Endgame #1; Gotham Academy: Endgame #1
  44. ^ Green Lantern/New Gods: Godhead #1; Green Lantern #35-37, Annual #3; Green Lantern Corps #35-37; Green Lantern: New Guardians #35-37; Infinity Man and the Forever People #4-6; Red Lanterns #35-37; Sinestro #6-8
  45. ^ Divergence FCBD Special Edition #1 - "The Rookie; Exposed; Darkseid War, Prologue Two: The Other Amazon", Superman/Wonder Woman #18 - "Dark Truth", Batman/Superman #21 - "Truth Hurts Part One", Superman #41 - "Before Truth, Part 1", Action Comics #41 - "Hard Truth Part One", Batman/Superman #22 - "Truth Hurts Part Two", Superman/Wonder Woman #19 - "Dark Truth Part Two", Action Comics #42 - "Hard Truth Part Two", Superman #42 - "Before Truth Part 2", Superman/Wonder Woman #20 - "Dark Truth Part Three: A Matter of Trust", Batman/Superman #23 - "Truth Hurts Part Three", Action Comics #43 - "Hard Truth Part Three", Superman #43 - "Before Truth Part 3", Superman/Wonder Woman #21 - "Dark Truth Part Four: Truth Hits Everybody", Batman/Superman #24 - "Truth Hurts Part Four", Action Comics #44 - "Hard Truth Part Four", Superman #44 - "Before Truth Part 4", Superman/Wonder Woman #22 - "Heart of the Sun", Batman/Superman #25 - "Savage Hunt Part 1", Action Comics #45 - "Blind Justice Part One", Superman #45 - "Street Justice", Superman/Wonder Woman #23 - "Ravenous", Batman/Superman #26 - "Teamwork", Superman #46 - "Knocked Out!", Action Comics #46 - "Blind Justice Part Two: Into the Shadows", Superman/Wonder Woman #24 - "Power Hungry", Batman/Superman #27 - "Trust", Action Comics #47 - "Blind Justice Part Three: Consumed", Superman #47 - "Infiltrated"
  46. ^ Justice League #40 - "Darkseid War Prologue", Justice League #41 - "Darkseid War Chapter One: God vs. Man", Justice League #42 - "Darkseid War Chapter Two: The New God", Justice League #43 - "Darkseid War Chapter Three: Taken", Justice League #44 - "Darkseid War Chapter Four: The Death of Darkseid", Justice League: Darkseid War - Batman #1 - "God Only Knows", Justice League #45 - "Darkseid War Act Two: After Death Chapter 1", Justice League: Darkseid War -Flash #1, Justice League: Darkseid War - Superman #1 - "God of Steel", Justice League: Darkseid War - Green Lantern #1 - "Will You Be My God?", Justice League: Darkseid War - Shazam #1 - "Mightiest", Justice League: Darkseid War - Lex Luthor #1 - "The Omega Judgment", Justice League #46 - "Darkseid War Act Two: After Death Chapter 2", Justice League #47 - "Darkseid War Act Three: Gods of Justice Chapter 1", Justice League #48 - "Darkseid War Act Three: Gods of Justice Chapter 2 - Crime Pays", Justice League: Darkseid War Special #1 - "Darkseid War: The Darkness Within", Justice League #49 - "Darkseid War Chapter 9: Power Mad", Justice League #50 - "Darkseid War Conclusion: Death and Rebirth"
  47. ^ Detective Comics #47; Grayson #15; Robin: Son of Batman #7; We Are Robin #7; Robin War #1-2; Gotham Academy #13; Red Hood/Arsenal #7; Teen Titans #15
  48. ^ Superman Annual #3 - "Savage Dawn", Superman/Wonder Woman #25 - "A God Somewhere", Action Comics #48 - "Savage Dawn: Assault", Superman #48 - "Treatment", Superman/Wonder Woman #26 - "Skyfall", Action Comics #49 - "Savage Dawn: Immortal Combat", Superman #49 - "Sacrifice", Superman/Wonder Woman #27 - "Slam Bang", Action Comics #50 - "Resurrection", Superman #50 - "What Could Have Been, What Can Still Be, And What Is"
  49. ^ Action Comics #51-52; Superman #51-52; Superman/Wonder Woman #28-29; Batman/Superman #31-32
  50. ^ Batman #7-8; Nightwing #5-6; Detective Comics #941-942
  51. ^ Justice League vs. Suicide Squad #1-6; Justice League #12-13; Suicide Squad #8-10
  52. ^ Superman #18-19; Action Comics #975-978; Supergirl #8; Superwoman #8-9; Trinity #9
  53. ^ Batman #21-22 and The Flash #21-22
  54. ^ Titans #11; Teen Titans #8; Deathstroke #19-20; Teen Titans: The Lazarus Contract Special #1
  55. ^ Dark Days: The Forge #1; Dark Days: The Casting #1; Dark Nights: Metal #1-6; Batman: The Red Death #1; Batman: The Murder Machine #1; Batman: The Dawnbreaker #1; Batman: The Drowned #1; Batman: The Merciless #1; Batman: The Devastator #1; The Batman Who Laughs #1; Batman: Lost #1; Hawkman: Found #1; Dark Knights Rising: The Wild Hunt #1; Gotham Resistance; Bats Out of Hell
  56. ^ Teen Titans #12; Nightwing #29; Suicide Squad #26; Green Arrow #32
  57. ^ The Flash #33; Hal Jordan and the Green Lanterns #32; Justice League #32-33
  58. ^ Curse of Brimstone #1-; Damage #1-; Immortal Men #1-6; New Challengers #1-6; Sideways #1-; Silencer #1-; The Terrifics #1-; Unexpected #1-
  59. ^ DC Nation #0; Green Arrow Annual #2; Justice League: No Justice #1-4
  60. ^ Doomsday Clock #1-12
  61. ^ Superman #37-38; Super Sons #11-12; Teen Titans #15
  62. ^ JLA/Doom Patrol Special #1; Mother Panic/Batman Special #1; Shade, the Changing Girl/Wonder Woman Special #1; Cave Carson Has A Cybernetic Eye/Swamp Thing Special #1; Doom Patrol/JLA Special #1
  63. ^ Batman: Prelude to the Wedding; Robin vs. Ra's al Ghul #1; Nightwing vs. Hush #1; Batgirl vs. Riddler #1; Red Hood vs. Anarky #1; Harley Quinn vs. Joker #1; Batman #44-50
  64. ^ Storyline contained in Suicide Squad #45-46 and Aquaman #39-40
  65. ^ Heroes in Crisis #1-9; Batman #64-65; The Flash #64-65
  66. ^ Wonder Woman and Justice League Dark: The Witching Hour #1; Wonder Woman #56-57; Justice League Dark #4; Justice League Dark and Wonder Woman: The Witching Hour #1
  67. ^ Justice League #10-12; Aquaman #41-42; Titans #28; Justice League/Aquaman: Drowned Earth #1; Aquaman/Justice League: Drowned Earth #1
  68. ^ Action Comics #1007-1011; Superman: Leviathan Rising Special #1; Year of the Villain Special #1
  69. ^ Deathstroke #41-43; Teen Titans #28-30
  70. ^ Year of the Villain Special #1
  71. ^ Event Leviathan #1-6; Action Comics #1012-1014; Supergirl #34-35; Wonder Woman 2019 Annual
  72. ^ Batman #69-85; Batman: Secret Files and Origins #2

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Batman: Troika". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  2. ^ "Superman: The Death of Clark Kent". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  3. ^ "Trial of Superman!". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  4. ^ "Batman: Legacy (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  5. ^ "Brotherhood of the Fist". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  6. ^ "Batman: Cataclysm". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  7. ^ "Batman: Road to No Man's Land Vol. 1 (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  8. ^ "Batman: Road to No Man's Land Vol. 2 (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  9. ^ "Batman: Evolution". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  10. ^ "Superman: Emperor Joker". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  11. ^ "Batman: Officer Down". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  12. ^ "Superman: Return to Krypton (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  13. ^ "Superman: President Lex (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  14. ^ "Superman: Ending Battle". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  15. ^ "Batman: War Drums (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  16. ^ "Batman: War Games". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  17. ^ "Crisis Aftermath: The Battle for Blüdhaven (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  18. ^ "Seven Soldiers of Victory Vol 1". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  19. ^ "Superman: Up, Up and Away! (Collected)". DC Database. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  20. ^ http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2013/07/08/dc-comics-the-new-52-group-solicits-october-2013
  21. ^ http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2013/06/17/lights-out-hits-the-green-lantern-books-in-october
  22. ^ [1]
  23. ^ [2]
  24. ^ [3]