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SUSE Linux ( / s U s ə / [1] o / s U z ə / ; [2] alemán: [zuːzə] ) es un sistema operativo de ordenador desarrollado por SUSE . Está construido sobre el kernel de Linux de código abierto y gratuito y se distribuye con software de sistema y aplicación.de otros proyectos de código abierto. SUSE Linux es de origen alemán, su nombre es un acrónimo de "Software und System-Entwicklung" (desarrollo de software y sistemas), y se desarrolló principalmente en Europa. La primera versión apareció a principios de 1994, lo que convirtió a SUSE en una de las distribuciones comerciales más antiguas. Es conocido por su herramienta de configuración YaST .

Novell compró las marcas y marcas comerciales SUSE (entonces "SuSE") en 2003. Novell, uno de los miembros fundadores de Open Invention Network , decidió hacer de la comunidad una parte importante de su proceso de desarrollo abriendo ampliamente el desarrollo de la distribución a colaboradores externos. en 2005, creando la distribución openSUSE y el proyecto openSUSE . Novell empleó a más de 500 desarrolladores que trabajaban en SUSE en 2004. [3] El 27 de abril de 2011, The Attachmate Group adquirió Novell (y SUSE) , [4] lo que convirtió a SUSE en una unidad de negocio independiente. Posteriormente, en octubre de 2014, todo el Grupo Attachmate, incluida SUSE, fue adquirido por la firma británicaMicro Focus International . [5] SUSE sigue funcionando como una unidad de negocio independiente. [6] El 2 de julio de 2018, se anunció que Micro Focus vendería SUSE a Blitz 18-679 GmbH, una subsidiaria de EQT Partners , por $ 2.535 mil millones. [7] La adquisición se completó el 18 de marzo de 2019. [8]

Historia [ editar ]

SUSE en Linuxcon

El desarrollador [ editar ]

El desarrollo Gesellschaft für Software und System Entwicklung mbH (Lit. Company for Software and System Development) fue fundada el 2 de septiembre de 1992 en Nuremberg , Alemania , por Roland Dyroff, Thomas Fehr, Burchard Steinbild y Hubert Mantel. Tres de los fundadores todavía eran estudiantes de matemáticas en una universidad; Fehr ya se había graduado y trabajaba como ingeniero de software.

La idea original era que la empresa desarrollaría software y funcionaría como un grupo asesor de UNIX . Según Mantel, el grupo decidió distribuir Linux, ofreciendo soporte.

Su nombre en fundación fue "SuSE" ( S OFTWARE u nd S ystem- E ntwicklung "de software y sistemas de desarrollo"), aunque el nombre completo nunca se ha utilizado, sin embargo. "SuSE" se redujo a "SuSE" en octubre de 1998 estilizado "SUSE" en 2003. [9]

Peluche oficial SUSE GEEKO

El funcionario logotipo y la corriente de la mascota de la distribución es un camaleón velado el nombre oficial de geeko (un acrónimo de " gecko " y " friki "). Al igual que con el nombre de la empresa, el "logotipo de GEEKO ha evolucionado para reflejar los cambios de nombre de la empresa".

Orígenes [ editar ]

La compañía comenzó como un proveedor de servicios, lanzando regularmente paquetes de software que incluían Softlanding Linux System (SLS, ahora desaparecido) y Slackware e imprimiendo manuales de UNIX y Linux, y ofreciendo asistencia técnica.

Estos productos de terceros que SUSE utilizó inicialmente tenían esas características y fueron gestionados por SUSE de diferentes formas:

  • A mediados de 1992, Peter MacDonald creó la distribución completa de Linux conocida como SLS, que ofrecía elementos como X y TCP / IP . [ cita requerida ] Esto se distribuyó a personas que querían obtener Linux a través de disquetes. [6]
  • En 1993, Patrick Volkerding limpió la distribución de SLS Linux, lanzando una versión más nueva como Slackware.
  • En 1994, con la ayuda de Patrick Volkerding, los scripts de Slackware se tradujeron al alemán, que se marcó como la primera versión de la distribución SuSE Linux 1.0. Primero estuvo disponible en disquetes y luego en CD. [6]

Para construir su propia distribución de Linux, SuSE utilizó SLS en 1992 y jurix en 1996 como punto de partida. [10] Este fue creado por Florian La Roche, quien se unió al equipo de SuSE. Comenzó a desarrollar YaST, la herramienta de instalación y configuración que se convertiría en el punto central de la distribución. [11] [12]

In 1996, the first distribution under the name S.u.S.E. Linux was published as S.u.S.E. Linux 4.2, a reference to the answer to "The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything" from the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. YaST's first version number, 0.42, was a similar reference.

Expansion[edit]

FVWM running on SUSE 5.1

Over time, SuSE Linux incorporated many aspects of Red Hat Linux, such as its RPM Package Manager and its file structure.

S.u.S.E. became the largest Linux distributor in Germany. In 1997, SuSE, LLC was established under the direction of president and managing partner James Gray in Oakland, California, which enabled the company to develop Linux markets in the Americas and Asia. While Red Hat was ubiquitous in the United States, SuSE Linux continued to grow in Germany as well as in Nordic countries such as Finland and Sweden. In October 1998, the name was changed officially to, SuSE (without dots). Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel, used it fairly often. SuSE entered the UK in 1999.

In 2001, the company was forced to reduce its staff significantly in order to survive.

Novell[edit]

SUSE/Novell company building in Nürnberg

On 4 November 2003, Novell announced it would acquire SuSE Linux AG for $210 million.[13] The acquisition was finalized in January 2004.[14]

In a move to reach its business audience more effectively, SuSE introduced the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server in 2001, and a few months before Novell's purchase, changed the company name to "SUSE Linux".[9] "SUSE" is now a name, not an acronym.

According to J. Philips, Novell's corporate technology strategist for the Asia Pacific region, Novell would not "in the medium term" alter the way in which SUSE was developed.[15] At Novell's annual BrainShare conference in 2004, for the first time, all of their computers were run with SUSE Linux and it was announced that the proprietary SUSE administration program YaST2 would be released under the GPL license.[16]

The openSUSE Project[edit]

On 4 August 2005, Novell announced that the SUSE Professional series would become more open, with the launch of the openSUSE Project community. The software always had been open source, but openSUSE opened the development process, allowing developers and users to test and develop it. Previously, all development work had been accomplished in-house by SUSE. Version 10.0 was the first version that offered public beta testing.

SUSE Linux 10.0 included both open source and proprietary applications and retail boxed-set editions. As part of the change, YaST Online Update server access became free for all SUSE Linux users, and also for the first time, the GNOME desktop was upgraded to equal status with the traditional KDE.

In November 2005, SUSE founder Hubert Mantel announced his resignation from the company. He stated that Novell's acquisition had changed SUSE beyond his expectations and that he did not believe it was the same company that he had founded 13 years earlier. The resignation apparently stemmed from a dispute over the implementation of Ximian products in the GNOME-based default desktop environment for the Linux distribution.[17]He re-joined only a year later.[18]

Microsoft agreement[edit]

On 3 November 2006 (renewed 25 July 2011), Novell signed an agreement with Microsoft covering improvement of SUSE's ability to interoperate with Microsoft Windows, cross-promotion/marketing of both products and patent cross-licensing. The agreement is considered controversial by some in the Free Software community.[19][20]

The Attachmate Group takeover[edit]

On 22 November 2010, Novell announced that it had agreed to acquisition by The Attachmate Group for $2.2 billion. The Attachmate Group plans to operate Novell as two units with SUSE becoming a stand-alone business,[21] and it anticipates no change to the relationship between the SUSE business and the openSUSE project as a result of this transaction.[22]

The U.S. Department of Justice announced that in order to proceed with the first phase of their acquisition of certain patents and patent applications from Novell Inc., CPTN Holdings LLC and its owners would have to alter their original agreements to address the department's antitrust concerns. The department said that, as originally proposed, the deal would jeopardize the ability of open source software, such as Linux, to continue to innovate and compete in the development and distribution of server, desktop, and mobile operating systems as well as middleware and virtualization products.

Stipulations regarding the licensing the patents were:

  • All of the Novell patents will be acquired subject to the GNU General Public License, Version 2, a widely adopted open-source license, and the Open Invention Network (OIN) License, a significant license for the Linux System;
  • CPTN does not have the right to limit which of the patents, if any, are available under the OIN license; and
  • Neither CPTN nor its owners will make any statement or take any action with the purpose of influencing or encouraging either Novell or Attachmate to modify which of the patents are available under the OIN license.

The acquisition was completed on 27 April 2011.[4] Subsequently, on 23 July 2011 The Attachmate Group launched a new website for the SUSE business.

Micro Focus merger[edit]

On 20 November 2014, the Attachmate Group merged with Micro Focus to form the Micro Focus Group. SUSE is operated as a separate business unit with a dedicated product portfolio.[23]

EQT Partners acquisition[edit]

On 2 July 2018, it was announced that Micro Focus would sell its SUSE business segment to EQT Partners for $2.535 billion.[24][25] The acquisition was completed on March 18, 2019.[8]

Versions[edit]

SUSE provides a thirteen-year product life cycle for SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 & 12.[citation needed]

SUSE distributions[edit]

ProjectVersionDate of issueEnd of General SupportEnd of LTSSLinux kernel version
S.u.S.E. Linux (Slackware-based)4/941994-03-29????????1.0
7/941994-07????????1.0.9
11/941994-11????????1.1.62
4/951995-04????????1.2.9
8/951995-08????????1.1.12
11/951995-11????????1.2.13
S.u.S.E. Linux (jurix-based)4.21996-05????????2.0.0
4.31996-09????????2.0.18
4.41997-04????????2.0.24
4.4.11997-04-24????????2.0.28
5.01997-07????????2.0.30
5.11997-10????????2.0.32
5.21998-03-232000????2.0.33
5.31998-09-102000????2.0.35
SuSE Linux6.01998-12-212000????2.0.36
6.11999-04-072001????2.2.6
6.21999-08-122001????2.2.10
6.31999-11-252001-12-10[26]????2.2.13
6.42000-03-092002-06-17[27]????2.2.14
7.02000-09-272002-11-04[28]????2.2.16
7.12001-04-212003-05-16[29]????2.2.18 / 2.4.0
7.22001-06-152003-10-01[30]????2.2.19 / 2.4.4
7.32001-10-132003-12-15[31]????2.4.9
8.02002-04-222004-06-30[32]????2.4.18
8.12002-09-302005-01-31[33]????2.4.19
8.22003-04-072005-07-14[34]????2.4.20
SUSE Linux Enterprise9.02003-10-152005-12-15[35]????2.4.21 / 2.6.1
9.12004-04-232006-06-30[36]????2.6.4
9.22004-10-252006-10-31[37]????2.6.8
9.32005-04-162007-04-30[38]????2.6.11
10.02006-07-172007-12-31N/A2.6.16
10.12007-06-182008-11-302010-12-012.6.16.46
10.22008-05-192010-04-112013-04-102.6.16.60
10.32009-10-122011-10-112014-10-312.6.16.60
10.42011-04-122013-07-312016-06-302.6.16.60
11.02009-03-242010-12-31N/A2.6.27
11.12010-06-022012-08-312015-08-302.6.32
11.22012-02-292014-01-312017-01-303.0.13
11.32013-07-012016-01-31[39]2019-01-303.0.76
11.42015-10-132019-03-312022-03-313.0.101
12.02014-10-102016-06-302019-07-013.12
12.12015-12-222017-05-312020-05-313.12
12.22016-11-082018-03-312021-03-314.4
12.32017-09-072019-06-302022-06-304.4
12.42018-12-122020-06-302023-06-304.12
12.52019-12-092024-10-312027-10-314.12
15.02018-07-162019-12-312022-12-314.12
15.12019-06-242021-01-312024-01-314.12
15.22020-07-216 months after SLES 15 SP3 releaseTBD5.3.18
15 Overall2018-07-162028-07-312031-07-314.12
ProjectVersionDate of issueEnd of General SupportEnd of LTSSLinux kernel version
  End of Life
  LTSS Support

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server[edit]

Main article: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server § Version history
SLES versionLatest SPFCS Release date[40]General Ends[40]LTSS Ends[41]
Old version, no longer maintained: firstN/A31 October 2000?N/A
Old version, no longer maintained: 7N/A13 October 2001?N/A
Old version, no longer maintained: 841 October 200230 December 200730 December 2009
Old version, no longer maintained: 943 August 200431 August 20111 August 2014
Old version, no longer maintained: 10417 June 200631 July 201330 July 2016
Older version, yet still maintained: 11424 March 200931 March 201931 March 2022
Older version, yet still maintained: 12527 October 201431 October 202431 October 2027
Current stable version: 15216 July 201831 July 202831 July 2031
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

openSUSE distributions[edit]

NameVersionCodenameRelease date[42]End of lifeKernel version
Regular[43]Evergreen[44]
SUSE Linux[45]Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0Prague2005-10-062007-11-30N/A2.6.13
Old version, no longer maintained: 10.1Agama Lizard2006-05-112008-05-31N/A2.6.16
openSUSEOld version, no longer maintained: 10.2Basilisk Lizard2006-12-072008-11-30N/A2.6.18
Old version, no longer maintained: 10.3N/A2007-10-042009-10-31N/A2.6.22
Old version, no longer maintained: 11.0N/A2008-06-192010-06-26N/A2.6.25
Old version, no longer maintained: 11.1N/A2008-12-182011-01-142012-042.6.27
Old version, no longer maintained: 11.2Emerald2009-11-122011-05-122013-112.6.31
Old version, no longer maintained: 11.3[46]Teal2010-07-152012-01-16N/A2.6.34
Old version, no longer maintained: 11.4[47]Celadon2011-03-102012-11-052014-09[48]2.6.37
Old version, no longer maintained: 12.1[49]Asparagus2011-11-162013-05-15N/A3.1.0
Old version, no longer maintained: 12.2[50]Mantis2012-09-052014-01-15N/A3.4.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 12.3[51]Dartmouth2013-03-132015-01-01N/A3.7.10
Old version, no longer maintained: 13.1[52]Bottle2013-11-192016-02-032016-11[53]3.11.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 13.2[52]Harlequin2014-11-042017-01-16N/A3.16.6
openSUSE LeapOld version, no longer maintained: 42.1[54]Malachite2015-11-042017-05-17N/A4.1.12
Old version, no longer maintained: 42.2[55]N/A2016-11-162018-01-26[56]N/A4.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 42.3[57]N/A2017-07-262019-06-30[58]N/A4.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 15.0[59][60]N/A2018-05-25[61]2019-12-03[62]N/A4.12
Old version, no longer maintained: 15.1[63]N/A2019-05-222021-01-31[64]N/A4.12 with some features forked from 4.19 to 5.x
Current stable version: 15.2[65]N/A2020-07-02[65]2021-12-31[66]?5.3.18[67]
Latest preview version of a future release: 15.3[68]N/A2021-06-02[69]Testing?5.3.18[70]
openSUSE Tumbleweed[71]Current stable version: RollingN/ARollingN/AN/ALatest stable
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

SUSE family products[edit]

SUSE Linux is available under two brands, openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise. openSUSE is a free, community distribution driven by the openSUSE Project. It includes some of the latest "bleeding edge" Linux technologies and is designed for home users and enthusiasts. SUSE Linux Enterprise is Suse's tested and certified open-source solution for major enterprises.

openSUSE vs SUSE Linux Enterprise[edit]

openSUSE is a freely available, community project that releases versions on a comparatively frequent basis, and generally uses the latest versions of the various open source projects that it includes.

SUSE Linux Enterprise is SUSE's commercial edition, which SUSE releases much less frequently, enabling it to offer support more effectively for enterprise and production deployments. It is certified for a wide variety of enterprise applications and offers a number of special enterprise features including, High Availability and Point of Sale extensions. SUSE historically uses a heavily tested subset of packages from openSUSE Linux as the basis for SUSE Linux Enterprise. Starting with openSUSE 15, SUSE made its "Leap" variant directly upgradable to SUSE Linux Enterprise.[72][73][74]

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server vs Desktop[edit]

SUSE offers SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. Each focuses on packages that fit its specific purpose. For example, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop does not include the Apache Web Server, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server does not include Xgl/Compiz.

In contrast, openSUSE does not have separate distributions for server, desktop, and tablets. Rather, its repositories contain the needed software, and use installation patterns to accomplish the same.

openSUSE Linux[edit]

Main articles: openSUSE and OpenSUSE Project

openSUSE is driven by the openSUSE Project community and sponsored by SUSE, to develop and maintain SUSE Linux components. It is the equivalent of the historic "SuSE Linux Professional". After their acquisition of SUSE Linux, Novell (now SUSE) decided to make the community central to their development process.[75][76]

It has a theoretical development cycle of 8 months and a lifetime (duration of the critical updates) of 18 months from the date of release. It is fully and freely available for immediate download.

openSUSE was the sixth most popular Linux distribution for 2013 and the fourth most popular for 2014, according to DistroWatch.[77][78]

SUSE Linux Enterprise[edit]

Main articles: SuSE SLED and SuSE SLES

SUSE develops multiple products for its "enterprise" business line. These business products target corporate environments, with a higher life cycle (10 years, extendable to 13), a longer development cycle (6 to 18 months), a guarantee of stability at the potential expense of development speed, technical support, and certification by independent hardware and software vendors. SUSE Linux Enterprise products are only available for sale (updates fees).

SUSE Linux Enterprise has fewer packages than the openSUSE distribution. Most of the differences are desktop applications that are more suited to consumers than to business. The enterprise products are:

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) is a server-oriented operating system targeted at corporate environments.
  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time is a modified version of SLES supporting low-latency operations where the time factor is critical.
  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED) is a desktop-oriented operating system targeted at corporate environments.
  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Thin Client (SLETC) is a modified version of SLED targeted at thin client terminals.

When installed using a Linux kernel, Novell Open Enterprise Server (OES) uses SUSE Linux Enterprise Server as a platform. This product is also known as OES-Linux.

SUSE Linux Enterprise was included with VMware's vSphere licensing, up until June 25, 2014 for 'free', as noted on SUSE Partners website

SUSE Studio[edit]

Main article: SUSE Studio

SUSE's SUSE Studio product was a web interface (built using Ruby on Rails) to openSUSE's KIWI and the Open Build Service tools. It allowed users to put together a custom Linux distribution graphically and to generate output including a large variety of Virtual Machine and Disk Images. SUSE Studio merged with Open Build Service and the resulting project was renamed to SUSE Studio Express in September 2017.[79]

See also[edit]

  • Linux on IBM Z
  • List of Linux distributions
  • Comparison of Linux distributions
  • SUSE Studio
  • Novell UnixWare
  • Novell Corsair
  • Novell Exposé
  • Caldera OpenLinux and Caldera Network Desktop
  • List of computing mascots
  • Category:Computing mascots

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

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  2. ^ Maria Saavedra (Executive Creative Director), Scott Worley (Director of Video Production). SUSE - Rosetta Stone (Marketing Video). Hewlett-Packard. |access-date= requires |url= (help) (behance.net, YouTube)
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  34. ^ Discontinued SUSE Linux Distribution: 8.2
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  37. ^ Discontinued SUSE Linux Distribution: 9.2
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  50. ^ "Portal 12.2: openSUSE 12.2 has been released on Wednesday September 5th 2012".
  51. ^ "Portal 12.3: openSUSE 12.3 has been released on Wednesday, March 13, 2013".
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General sources[edit]

  • Naba Barkakati (2005-12-27). SUSE Linux 10 For Dummies. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-471-75493-0.
  • Keir Thomas (2005-02-15). Beginning SUSE Linux: From Novice to Professional. p. 544. ISBN 978-1-59059-458-2.

External links[edit]

  • SUSE
  • openSUSE.org
  • Planet SUSE
  • suse at DistroWatch
  • novell at DistroWatch