El condado de San Diego , oficialmente el condado de San Diego , es un condado en la esquina suroeste del estado de California , en los Estados Unidos . Según el censo de 2010 , la población era de 3.095.313, [5] lo que lo convierte en el segundo condado más poblado de California y el quinto más poblado de los Estados Unidos. Su asiento de condado es San Diego , [8] la segunda ciudad más poblada de California y la octava ciudad más poblada de los Estados Unidos. Es el condado más al suroeste de los 48Estados Unidos contiguos , y es un condado fronterizo .
Condado de San Diego | |
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Condado de San Diego | |
Imágenes, de arriba abajo, de izquierda a derecha: F / A-18 Hornet volando sobre San Diego , Misión San Diego de Alcalá , San Diego State University 's Hepner Salón , Hotel del Coronado ' edificio principal s, Reserva Natural Torrey Pines State , Montañas de Jacumba | |
Bandera Sello | |
Ubicación en el estado estadounidense de California | |
Ubicación de California en los Estados Unidos | |
Coordenadas: 33.02 ° N 116.77 ° W33 ° 01′N 116 ° 46′W / Coordenadas : 33 ° 01′N 116 ° 46′W / 33,02 ° N 116,77 ° W | |
País | Estados Unidos |
Expresar | California |
Formado | 18 de febrero de 1850 [1] |
Nombrado para | San Diego de Alcalá |
Asiento de condado | San Diego |
Ciudad más grande | San Diego |
Gobierno | |
• Tipo | Administrador del consejo |
• Cuerpo | Junta de supervisores |
• Junta de Supervisores [3] |
|
• Oficial administrador en jefe | Helen Robbins-Meyer [2] |
• Fiscal de distrito | Verano Stephan |
Área | |
• Total | 4.526 millas cuadradas (11.720 km 2 ) |
• Tierra | 4,207 millas cuadradas (10,900 km 2 ) |
• Agua | 319 millas cuadradas (830 km 2 ) |
Elevación más alta [4] | 6.536 pies (1.992 m) |
Población ( 1 de abril de 2010 ) [5] | |
• Total | 3,095,313 |
• Estimación (2019) [6] | 3,338,330 |
• Densidad | 260 / km 2 (680 millas cuadradas ) |
Zona horaria | UTC − 08: 00 ( zona horaria del Pacífico ) |
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC − 07: 00 ( hora de verano del Pacífico ) |
Códigos de área | 442/760 , 619/858 y 949 |
Código FIPS | 06-073 |
PIB | $ 219 mil millones [7] |
PIB per cápita | $ 65,602 |
Sitio web | www |
El condado de San Diego comprende el área estadística metropolitana de San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA , [9] que es la decimoséptima área estadística metropolitana más poblada y la decimoctava área estadística primaria más poblada de los Estados Unidos a partir del 1 de julio de 2012. [ 10] [11] El condado de San Diego también es parte del área metropolitana transfronteriza de San Diego-Tijuana , el área metropolitana más grande compartida entre los Estados Unidos y México .
El condado de San Diego tiene más de 70 millas (113 km) de costa. Esta forma la región más densamente poblada del condado, que tiene un clima templado mediterráneo a semiárido y una extensa vegetación de chaparrales, similar al resto de la parte occidental del sur de California. Las precipitaciones y las temperaturas extremas aumentan hacia el este, con montañas que reciben heladas y nieve en el invierno. [12] Estas montañas exuberantes y boscosas reciben más precipitaciones que el promedio en el sur de California, mientras que la región desértica del condado se encuentra en una sombra de lluvia al este, que se extiende hacia la región desértica del suroeste de América del Norte.
Hay 16 instalaciones militares, de la Marina de los EE . UU. , El Cuerpo de Marines de los EE. UU . Y la Guardia Costera de los EE. UU . En el condado de San Diego. Estos incluyen la Base Naval de San Diego , el Campamento Base del Cuerpo de Marines Pendleton , la Estación Aérea del Cuerpo de Marines Miramar , la Estación Aérea Naval de la Isla Norte y la Estación Aérea de la Guardia Costera de San Diego .
El condado de San Diego alberga 18 reservaciones tribales nativas americanas , la mayor cantidad de cualquier condado de los Estados Unidos.
De norte a sur, el condado de San Diego se extiende desde la frontera sur de los condados de Orange y Riverside hasta la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos y los municipios de Tijuana y Tecate en Baja California . De oeste a este, el condado de San Diego se extiende desde el Océano Pacífico hasta su límite con el condado de Imperial , que se separó de él en 1907.
Historia
El área que ahora es el condado de San Diego ha sido habitada por más de 12,000 años por indígenas Kumeyaay (también llamados Diegueno e Ipai / Tipai), Luiseño , Cupeño y Cahuilla y sus predecesores locales. [13]
En 1542, el explorador Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , que pudo haber nacido en Portugal pero navegó en nombre de España, reclamó la bahía de San Diego para el Imperio español y nombró el sitio San Miguel. [14] En noviembre de 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno inspeccionó el puerto y lo que ahora son Mission Bay y Point Loma y nombró el área para Saint Didacus , un español más comúnmente conocido como San Diego. [15] El asentamiento europeo en lo que hoy es el condado de San Diego comenzó con la fundación del Presidio de San Diego y la Misión San Diego de Alcalá por soldados y clérigos españoles en 1769. [16] Este condado era parte de Alta California bajo el Virreinato de Nueva España hasta la declaración de independencia de México . Desde 1821 hasta 1848 esta área fue parte de México .
El condado de San Diego pasó a formar parte de los Estados Unidos como resultado del Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo en 1848, que puso fin a la guerra entre México y Estados Unidos . Este tratado designaba que la nueva frontera terminaba en un punto de la costa del Océano Pacífico que daría como resultado que la frontera pasara una legua española al sur de la parte más al sur de la Bahía de San Diego , asegurando así que los Estados Unidos recibieran todo este puerto natural.
El condado de San Diego fue uno de los condados originales de California, creado en el momento de la condición de estado de California en 1850. [17] : 221
En el momento de su establecimiento en 1850, el condado de San Diego era relativamente grande e incluía todo el sur de California, al sur y al este del condado de Los Ángeles . Incluía áreas de lo que ahora son los condados de Inyo y San Bernardino , así como todos los que ahora son los condados de Riverside e Imperial . [17] : 221
Durante la última parte del siglo XIX, hubo numerosos cambios en los límites del condado de San Diego, cuando varias áreas se separaron para formar los condados mencionados anteriormente. Los cambios más recientes fueron los establecimientos del condado de Riverside en 1893 [17] : 207 y el condado de Imperial en 1907. [17] : 113 El condado de Imperial también fue el último condado que se estableció en California, y después de esta división, San Diego ya no se extendía desde el Océano Pacífico hasta el Río Colorado , y ya no cubría toda la frontera entre California y México.
Geografía
Según la Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. , El condado tiene un área de 4.526 millas cuadradas (11.720 km 2 ), de las cuales 4.207 millas cuadradas (10.900 km 2 ) son tierra y 319 millas cuadradas (830 km 2 ) (7,0%) son agua. [18] El condado es más grande en área que los estados combinados de Rhode Island y Delaware. [19]
El condado de San Diego tiene una topografía variada. En su lado occidental hay más de 70 millas (113 km) de costa. [20] La mayor parte de San Diego entre la costa y las montañas Laguna se compone de colinas, mesetas y pequeños cañones . Las montañas cubiertas de nieve (en invierno) se elevan al este, con el Desierto de Sonora más al este. El Bosque Nacional de Cleveland se extiende por la parte central del condado, mientras que el Parque Estatal del Desierto Anza-Borrego ocupa la mayor parte del noreste.
Aunque el tercio occidental del condado es principalmente urbano, las montañas y los desiertos en los dos tercios orientales son principalmente zonas rurales no desarrolladas . La mayoría de estas áreas rurales albergan una comunidad de plantas nativas conocida como chaparral . El condado de San Diego contiene más de 1,000,000 de acres (4,000 km 2 ) de chaparral, el doble que cualquier otro condado de California. [21]
El norte del condado de San Diego se conoce como norte del condado ; las definiciones geográficas exactas de "Condado Norte" varían, pero incluye los suburbios del norte y, a veces, ciertos vecindarios del norte de la ciudad de San Diego .
Los suburbios del este se conocen colectivamente como condado del este , aunque la mayoría todavía se encuentra en el tercio occidental del condado. Los suburbios del sur y la parte separada del sur de la ciudad de San Diego, que se extiende hasta la frontera con México, se conocen colectivamente como South Bay .
Periódicamente, el área ha estado sujeta a incendios forestales que obligan a miles de personas a evacuar. Los más recientes son el Lilac Fire de diciembre de 2017 y los incendios forestales del condado de San Diego de mayo de 2014 ; antes de ellos estaba el incendio de Witch Creek en 2007 y el incendio de Cedar en 2003. California define una temporada de incendios en la que es más probable que ocurran incendios, generalmente entre fines de julio y fines de octubre (que son los meses más secos del área). Los letreros colocados en numerosos lugares del condado brindan información sobre el nivel de amenazas de incendios según las condiciones climáticas. [ cita requerida ]
Clima
Según el sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen , el área urbana y suburbana de San Diego abarca áreas de clima mediterráneo (CSa) al norte y clima semiárido (BSh) al sur y al este. [22] Como resultado, a menudo se describe como "mediterráneo árido" y "estepa semiárida". Más al este, prevalecen las condiciones áridas del desierto. El clima del oeste de San Diego se caracteriza por veranos cálidos y secos e inviernos suaves y la mayor parte de la precipitación anual cae entre noviembre y marzo. La ciudad tiene un clima templado, mayormente seco, con un promedio de 201 días por encima de los 21 ° C (70 ° F) y escasas precipitaciones (23 a 33 cm (9 a 13 pulgadas) al año). Las temperaturas de verano son generalmente cálidas, con temperaturas máximas promedio de 70 a 78 ° F (21 a 26 ° C) y mínimas de 55 a 66 ° F (13 a 19 ° C). Las temperaturas superan los 32 ° C (90 ° F) solo cuatro días al año. La mayoría de las precipitaciones se producen de noviembre a abril. Las temperaturas invernales son suaves, con temperaturas medias altas de 66 a 70 ° F (19 a 21 ° C) y mínimas de 50 a 56 ° F (10 a 13 ° C).
El clima en el área de San Diego, como gran parte de California, a menudo varía significativamente en distancias geográficas cortas, lo que resulta en microclimas . En el caso de San Diego, esto se debe principalmente a la topografía de la ciudad (la bahía y las numerosas colinas, montañas y cañones). Con frecuencia, especialmente durante el período de "gris de mayo / penumbra de junio ", una capa marina gruesa mantendrá el aire fresco y húmedo a unas pocas millas de la costa, pero cederá a un sol brillante sin nubes aproximadamente de 5 a 10 millas (8,0 a 16,1 km). ) tierra adentro. Esto sucede todos los años en mayo y junio. [23] Incluso en ausencia de la penumbra de junio, las áreas del interior tienden a experimentar variaciones de temperatura mucho más significativas que las áreas costeras, donde el océano actúa como una influencia moderadora. Así, por ejemplo, el centro de San Diego promedia los mínimos de enero de 48 ° F (9 ° C) y los máximos de agosto de 77 ° F (25 ° C). [24] La ciudad de El Cajon, a sólo 10 millas (16 km) al noreste del centro de San Diego, promedia los mínimos de enero de 42 ° F (6 ° C) y los máximos de agosto de 89 ° F (32 ° C). [25] Julian, en las montañas, tiene un mínimo promedio de enero de 29 ° F (-2 ° C) y un máximo de agosto de 85 ° F (29 ° C). [26] Borrego Springs, en el desierto de Colorado, tiene un mínimo promedio de enero de 43 ° F (6 ° C) y un máximo de agosto de 106 ° F (41 ° C). [27]
Las precipitaciones a lo largo de la costa promedian alrededor de 10 pulgadas (25 cm) de precipitación anual, que ocurre principalmente durante los meses más fríos de diciembre a abril. Aunque hay pocos días de lluvia al mes durante el período lluvioso, las lluvias pueden ser fuertes cuando ocurren. Sin embargo, la lluvia es mayor en las elevaciones más altas de San Diego. Algunas de las áreas más altas de San Diego, como Palomar Mountain y Laguna Mountains , reciben de 20 a 40 pulgadas (51 a 102 cm) de lluvia por año, lo que sustenta bosques frondosos similares a los de Sierra Nevada y la Cordillera de la Costa de California . La parte del condado del desierto de Colorado se encuentra al este de las montañas, que recibe la menor cantidad de precipitación; Borrego Springs, el centro de población más grande del desierto, tiene un promedio de solo 5 pulgadas (13 cm), con una alta tasa de evaporación.
Mes | ene | feb | mar | abr | Mayo | jun | jul | ago | sep | oct | nov | dic | Año |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Registro alto ° F (° C) | 88 (31) | 90 (32) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 98 (37) | 101 (38) | 100 (38) | 98 (37) | 111 (44) | 107 (42) | 100 (38) | 88 (31) | 111 (44) |
Máximo medio ° F (° C) | 78,8 (26,0) | 78,6 (25,9) | 80,2 (26,8) | 82,1 (27,8) | 79,3 (26,3) | 79,6 (26,4) | 82,9 (28,3) | 85,2 (29,6) | 90,6 (32,6) | 87,8 (31,0) | 85,4 (29,7) | 77,0 (25,0) | 94,0 (34,4) |
Promedio alto ° F (° C) | 66,4 (19,1) | 66,2 (19,0) | 67,0 (19,4) | 68,8 (20,4) | 69,5 (20,8) | 71,7 (22,1) | 75,3 (24,1) | 77,3 (25,2) | 77,2 (25,1) | 74,6 (23,7) | 70,7 (21,5) | 66,0 (18,9) | 70,9 (21,6) |
Promedio bajo ° F (° C) | 50,3 (10,2) | 51,8 (11,0) | 54,5 (12,5) | 57,1 (13,9) | 60,0 (15,6) | 62,6 (17,0) | 66,1 (18,9) | 67,5 (19,7) | 66,2 (19,0) | 61,5 (16,4) | 54,8 (12,7) | 49,8 (9,9) | 58,5 (14,7) |
Mínimo medio ° F (° C) | 43,7 (6,5) | 46,1 (7,8) | 48,7 (9,3) | 51,9 (11,1) | 55,8 (13,2) | 59,3 (15,2) | 63,0 (17,2) | 63,9 (17,7) | 61,8 (16,6) | 55,5 (13,1) | 48,2 (9,0) | 43,0 (6,1) | 42,6 (5,9) |
Grabar bajo ° F (° C) | 25 (−4) | 34 (1) | 36 (2) | 39 (4) | 45 (7) | 50 (10) | 54 (12) | 54 (12) | 50 (10) | 43 (6) | 36 (2) | 32 (0) | 25 (−4) |
Precipitación media pulgadas (mm) | 1,98 (50) | 2,20 (56) | 1,46 (37) | 0,65 (17) | 0,28 (7,1) | 0,05 (1,3) | 0,08 (2,0) | 0,01 (0,25) | 0,12 (3,0) | 0,50 (13) | 0,79 (20) | 1,67 (42) | 9,79 (249) |
Días lluviosos promedio (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,3 | 0,9 | 2.4 | 3,7 | 5.8 | 40,3 |
Media de humedad relativa (%) | 63,1 | 65,7 | 67,3 | 67,0 | 70,6 | 74,0 | 74,6 | 74,1 | 72,7 | 69,4 | 66,3 | 63,7 | 69,0 |
Punto de rocío medio ° F (° C) | 42,8 (6,0) | 45,3 (7,4) | 47,3 (8,5) | 49,5 (9,7) | 53,1 (11,7) | 57,0 (13,9) | 61,2 (16,2) | 62,4 (16,9) | 60,6 (15,9) | 55,6 (13,1) | 48,6 (9,2) | 43,2 (6,2) | 52,2 (11,2) |
Promedio de horas de sol mensuales | 239,3 | 227,4 | 261.0 | 276,2 | 250,5 | 242,4 | 304,7 | 295.0 | 253,3 | 243,4 | 230,1 | 231,3 | 3.054,6 |
Porcentaje posible de luz solar | 75 | 74 | 70 | 71 | 58 | 57 | 70 | 71 | 68 | 69 | 73 | 74 | 69 |
Fuente: NOAA (sol, humedad relativa y punto de rocío 1961-1990) [29] [30] [31] [32] |
Municipios y condados adyacentes
Áreas protegidas nacionales
- Monumento Nacional Cabrillo
- Bosque Nacional de Cleveland (parte)
- Complejo del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de San Diego , [33] que incluye
- Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de San Diego [34]
- Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de la Bahía de San Diego [35]
- Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Tijuana Slough [36]
- Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Seal Beach (ubicado en el condado de Orange ) [37]
Hay siete áreas silvestres oficiales en el condado de San Diego que forman parte del Sistema Nacional de Preservación de la Vida Silvestre . Cuatro de estos son partes integrales del Bosque Nacional de Cleveland, mientras que tres son administrados por la Oficina de Administración de Tierras . Algunos de estos se extienden a los condados vecinos (como se indica a continuación):
- Desierto de la montaña de Otay (BLM)
- Pine Creek Wilderness (Bosque Nacional de Cleveland)
- Hauser Wilderness (Bosque Nacional de Cleveland)
- Desierto de Carrizo Gorge (BLM)
- Desierto de las montañas de diente de sierra (BLM)
- Agua Tibia Wilderness (Bosque Nacional de Cleveland) en parte en el condado de Riverside
- Desierto del Cañón de San Mateo (Bosque Nacional de Cleveland) principalmente en el condado de Riverside
Parques estatales y áreas protegidas
- Parque estatal del desierto de Anza-Borrego (parte)
- Reserva estatal Torrey Pines
- Parque estatal Cuyamaca Rancho
- Parque estatal Palomar Mountain
- Parque histórico estatal San Pasqual Battlefield
- Parque histórico estatal Old Town San Diego
- Parque Estatal Border Field
- Reserva Nacional de Investigación Estuarina del Río Tijuana
- Playa estatal de San Onofre
- Playa estatal Moonlight
- Playa estatal de Carlsbad
- Playa estatal del sur de Carlsbad
- Playa estatal de Leucadia
- Playa estatal de San Elijo
- Playa estatal de Cardiff
- Playa estatal de Torrey Pines
- Playa estatal Silver Strand
Montañas
- Montañas de Cuyamaca
- Montañas In-Ko-Pah
- Montañas de Jacumba
- Montañas Laguna
- Montaña Palomar
- Cordilleras Peninsulares
- Montañas de San Ysidro
- Montañas de Santa Ana
- Montañas volcán
Hay 236 cumbres y picos montañosos en el condado de San Diego [38], que incluyen:
- Montaña Negra
- Pico Cuyamaca (segundo punto más alto en el condado de San Diego)
- Cowles Mountain (punto más alto de la ciudad de San Diego)
- Mount Helix
- Hot Springs Mountain (punto más alto en el condado de San Diego)
- Pico Margarita
- Monte Soledad
- Montaña Stonewall
- Montaña El Cajon
Bahías y lagunas
- Laguna Buena Vista
- Laguna Agua Hedionda
- Laguna de Batiquitos
- Laguna San Elijo
- Laguna Los Peñasquitos
- Mission Bay
- Bahía de San Diego
Lagos
- Lago Cuyamaca
- Lago Hodges
- Santee Lakes
- Embalse de Sweetwater
- Embalse de Upper Otay
- Embalse inferior de Otay
- Lago Wohlford
- Embalse El Capitán
- Embalse de Sutherland
- Lago henshaw
- Lago murray
- Embalse de San Vicente
- Lago jennings
- Presa de Barrett
- Tanques de roca natural
- Little Laguna Lake
- Big Laguna Lake
- Gran lago
- Lagos Gemelos
- Jean Lake
- Lago perdido
- lago de los cisnes
- Lago Miramar
- Lago Poway
- Lago Dixon
- Lindo lago
Ríos
- Río san diego
- Río San Luis Rey
- Río San Dieguito
- Río Sweetwater
- Río Otay
- Río tijuana
- Río Santa Margarita
Riesgos ambientales
Más de 1.700 toneladas de desechos radiactivos se almacenan en la Estación de Generación Nuclear de San Onofre , [39] que se encuentra en un área donde hay un registro de tsunamis pasados . [40] [41]
Demografía
Desde al menos 2014, el condado de San Diego es el quinto condado más poblado de los Estados Unidos. [42] En 2000, sólo alrededor del 3% de los residentes del condado de San Diego dejaron el condado para trabajar, mientras que 40.000 personas se trasladaron al área metropolitana. [43]
Población, raza e ingresos (2011) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Población total [44] | 3,060,849 | ||||
Blanco [44] | 2,182,604 | 71,3% | |||
Hispano o latino (de cualquier raza) [45] | 967,858 | 31,6% | |||
Asiático [44] | 333,314 | 10,9% | |||
Negro o afroamericano [44] | 154,076 | 5,0% | |||
Indio americano o nativo de Alaska [44] | 20.597 | 0,7% | |||
Nativo de Hawái o de otras islas del Pacífico [44] | 14,266 | 0,5% | |||
Alguna otra raza [44] | 220.000 | 7,2% | |||
Dos o más carreras [44] | 135.992 | 4,4% | |||
Renta per cápita [46] | $ 30,955 | ||||
Ingresos familiares medios [47] | $ 63,857 | ||||
Ingresos familiares medios [48] | $ 74,633 |
Población histórica | |||
---|---|---|---|
Censo | Música pop. | % ± | |
1850 | 798 | - | |
1860 | 4.324 | 441,9% | |
1870 | 4.951 | 14,5% | |
1880 | 8.018 | 61,9% | |
1890 | 34,987 | 336,4% | |
1900 | 35.090 | 0,3% | |
1910 | 61.665 | 75,7% | |
1920 | 112,248 | 82,0% | |
1930 | 209.659 | 86,8% | |
1940 | 289,348 | 38,0% | |
1950 | 556,808 | 92,4% | |
1960 | 1.033.011 | 85,5% | |
1970 | 1,357,854 | 31,4% | |
1980 | 1,861,846 | 37,1% | |
1990 | 2,498,016 | 34,2% | |
2000 | 2.813.833 | 12,6% | |
2010 | 3,095,313 | 10,0% | |
2019 (est.) | 3,338,330 | [6] | 7,9% |
Censo decenal de EE. UU. [49] 1790–1960 [50] 1900–1990 [51] 1990–2000 [52] 2010–2018 [5] |
Raza
El censo de Estados Unidos de 2010 informó que el condado de San Diego tenía una población de 3.095.313. La composición racial del condado de San Diego era 1.981.442 (64,0%) blancos , 158.213 (5,1%) afroamericanos , 26.340 (0,9%) nativos americanos , 336.091 (10,9%) asiáticos (4,7% filipinos, 1,6% vietnamitas, 1,4% chinos, 3,2% otros asiáticos), 15,337 (0,5%) de las islas del Pacífico , 419,465 (13,6%) de otras razas y 158,425 (5,0%) de dos o más razas. Hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza fueron 991,348 personas (32.0%). [53] Incluidos los de raza mixta, el número total de residentes con ascendencia asiática fue 407,984. [54]
A partir de 2009, la composición racial del condado era 79,4% estadounidense blanco , 5,6% negro o afroamericano , 1% nativo americano , 10,4% asiático , 0,5% isleño del Pacífico , 10,3% de otras razas y 3,6% de dos o más Razas. 31,3% de la población eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.
El 67,0% hablaba sólo inglés en casa; El 21,9% hablaba español, el 3,1% tagalo y el 1,2% vietnamita .
Otros datos demográficos
Según las estimaciones de la Oficina del Censo de 2018, había 3.343.364 personas, 1.067.846 hogares y 663.449 familias que residían en el condado. La densidad de población era de 670 habitantes por milla cuadrada (259 / km 2 ). Había 1.142.245 unidades de vivienda en una densidad media de 248 por milla cuadrada (96 / km 2 ).
En 2000 había 994.677 hogares, de los cuales el 33,9% tenían hijos menores de 18 años que vivían con ellos, el 50,7% eran parejas casadas que vivían juntas, el 11,6% tenían una mujer como cabeza de familia sin marido presente y el 33,3% no eran familias. El 24,2% de todas las familias se componían de personas y el 7,9% había alguien que viven solas que fue de 65 años de edad o más. El tamaño promedio del hogar era 2,73 y el tamaño promedio de la familia era 3,29.
A partir de 2000, en el condado la población estaba dispersa, con 25,7% menores de 18 años, 11,30% de 18 a 24, 32,0% de 25 a 44, 19,8% de 45 a 64 y 11,2% de 65 años. mayor de edad. La mediana de edad fue de 33 años. Por cada 100 mujeres, hay 101,2 hombres. Por cada 100 mujeres mayores de 18 años, había 99,7 hombres.
En 2012, se estimó que había 198.000 inmigrantes no autorizados ; el origen de la pluralidad de ellos es México . [55]
En 2018, el ingreso familiar promedio fue de $ 70,824; la mayoría de las personas gastan más del 30% de sus ingresos en gastos de vivienda. [56] En agosto de ese año, el precio medio de una vivienda era de 583.000 dólares; esto es más bajo que el precio medio de una vivienda en los condados de Los Ángeles y Orange. [57]
Ingreso
Según el censo de 2000, la renta mediana para un hogar en el condado era $ 47.067 y la renta mediana para una familia era $ 53.438. Los hombres tenían unos ingresos medios de 36 952 $ frente a los 30 356 $ de las mujeres. El ingreso per cápita del condado fue de $ 22,926. Aproximadamente el 8,9% de las familias y el 12,4% de la población estaban por debajo del umbral de pobreza, incluyendo el 16,5% de los menores de 18 años y el 6,8% de los 65 años o más.
Gran parte de los residentes de altos ingresos del condado se concentran en la parte norte de la ciudad de San Diego. El área metropolitana de San Diego tiene dos lugares con una población de más de 50,000 y un ingreso per cápita de más de $ 40,000: Carlsbad y Encinitas .
El área urbana continua de altos ingresos más grande del condado es un triángulo desde un primer punto en el borde norte de Carlsbad, un segundo punto al sureste de Escondido y un tercer punto en el borde sur de La Jolla . Contiene todas o la mayoría de las ciudades de Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach , Del Mar y Poway, además de una parte sustancial del norte de San Diego. [58]
Desamparo
Según un recuento de un momento dado para el Grupo de Trabajo Regional de San Diego sobre Personas sin Hogar, había 8.576 personas sin hogar el 6 de enero de 2018, una disminución del 6% con respecto a 2017. 3.586 estaban refugiadas y 4.990 no. 4.912 (75,3%) estaban en la ciudad de San Diego . North County Inland tenía 1.153 (13,4%), North County Coastal con 822 personas sin hogar (9,6%), 602 (7%) se encontraron en South County y 1.087 (12,7%) en East County. [59]
Religión
Según el Pew Research Center a partir de 2014[actualizar], El 68% de los adultos en el condado son cristianos , de los cuales el 32% son católicos . El 27% no estaba afiliado y el 5% se adhirió a una fe no cristiana. [60] Según la Universidad del Sur de California , en 2010, la fe más grande en el condado era el catolicismo, seguida por los cristianos no confesionales y los mormones . [61]
En 2014, el condado tenía 978 organizaciones religiosas, la séptima mayor cantidad de todos los condados de EE. UU. [62]
Datos de inmigración
En 2014, según el Pew Research Center , hay alrededor de 170.000 extranjeros ilegales viviendo en la región. [63] San Diego ha sido un destino para menores víctimas de trata de México y Filipinas. [64] En 2018, la Patrulla Fronteriza de los Estados Unidos capturó a un promedio de más de cien personas que cruzaban la frontera ilegalmente cada día. [sesenta y cinco]
Economía
El condado de San Diego y el condado de Imperial son parte de la región fronteriza sur , una de las nueve regiones de este tipo. Como economía regional, la Región de la Frontera Sur es la región más pequeña pero económicamente más diversa del estado. Sin embargo, los dos condados mantienen relaciones débiles y tienen poco en común aparte de su frontera común. [66] La región tiene un alto costo de vida . [67] Esto incluye el costo más alto del agua en los Estados Unidos. [68] A partir de 2018[actualizar], El condado de San Diego se encuentra dentro de los diez principales costos de alquiler más altos en los Estados Unidos; [69] esto ha llevado a que la gente se mude fuera del condado. [70]
Agricultura
La industria agrícola del condado de San Diego tenía un valor de $ 1.850 millones en 2013, [71] y es uno de los cinco principales condados productores de huevos en los Estados Unidos. [72] En 2013, el condado de San Diego también tenía la mayoría de las granjas pequeñas de cualquier condado en los Estados Unidos y tenía la economía agrícola número 19 más grande de cualquier condado en los Estados Unidos. [73] Según el San Diego Farm Bureau, el condado de San Diego es el principal productor de aguacates y cultivos de vivero de Estados Unidos . [74] Hasta principios del siglo XX, el condado de San Diego tenía una próspera industria del vino ; sin embargo, la inundación de Charles Hatfield de 1916 fue el comienzo del fin de la industria, que incluyó la destrucción de la bodega Daneri en Otay Valley . [75] A octubre de 2016[actualizar], hay aproximadamente cien viñedos y bodegas en el condado de San Diego. [76]
Cervecerías
El condado ha sido llamado "la Capital de la Cerveza Artesanal de América". [77] La elaboración de la cerveza ha sido uno de los sectores comerciales de más rápido crecimiento con las cervecerías locales clasificadas entre las 50 cerveceras artesanales más grandes de los Estados Unidos y las cervecerías que se clasifican constantemente entre las principales cervecerías del mundo.
Cannabis
Commercial operations to grow, test, or sell cannabis are not allowed in the unincorporated areas of the county. Companies must be licensed by the local agency to operate and each city or county may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use.[78]
Tourism
Tourism plays a large part in the economics of the San Diego metropolitan area. Tourists are drawn to the region for a well rounded experience, everything from shopping to surfing as well as its mild climate. Its numerous tourist destinations include Horton Plaza, Westfield UTC, Seaport Village, Westfield Mission Valley and Fashion Valley Mall for shopping. SeaWorld San Diego and Legoland California as amusement parks. Golf courses such as Torrey Pines Golf Course and Balboa Park Golf Course. Museums such as the San Diego Museum of Man, San Diego Museum of Art, Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, San Diego Natural History Museum, USS Midway Museum, and the San Diego Air and Space Museum. Historical places such as the Gaslamp Quarter, Balboa Park and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Wildlife refuges, zoos, and aquariums such as the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, San Diego Zoo's Safari Park, San Diego Zoo and San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park. Outdoor destinations include the Peninsular Ranges for hiking, biking, mountainboarding and trail riding. Surfing locations include Swami's, Stone Steps Beach, Torrey Pines State Beach, Cardiff State Beach, San Onofre State Beach and the southern portion of Black's Beach.
The region is host to the second largest cruise ship industry in California which generates an estimated $2 million annually from purchases of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services.[79] In 2008 the Port of San Diego hosted 252 ship calls and more than 800,000 passengers.[80]
Cultura
The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town, its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico. The area's longtime association with the U.S. military also contributes to its culture. Present-day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions, a thriving musical and theatrical scene, numerous notable special events, a varied cuisine, and a reputation as one of America's premier centers of craft brewing.
Sites of interest
- Mount Laguna Observatory, owned and primarily operated by San Diego State University
- Palomar Observatory, owned and primarily operated by the California Institute of Technology
- The Ramona Valley wine-producing region, located 28 miles (45 km) northeast of the City of San Diego
- San Diego Zoo Safari Park, formerly known as the San Diego Wild Animal Park, 35 miles (56 km) north of the San Diego Zoo and east of Escondido
- Sea World of San Diego, on Mission Bay.
- Mission Bay Recreation Area, including Fiesta Island, a sheltered bay popular for water sports, also known for the annual Over the line tournament.
- Mission San Diego de Alcala, the first of California's 21 Spanish missions. It is an operating Roman Catholic parish and also is open for historical interest tours during the week. It is located near the interchange of Interstates 8 and 15.
- Mission San Luis Rey, founded on June 13, 1798 by Padre Fermín Lasuén. It is the 18th of the Spanish missions established in California. It is an operating Roman Catholic parish and is open every day for historical interest tours. It is located near Route 76 in the Oceanside area.
- Balboa Park, with numerous museums and other cultural locations, just north of Downtown San Diego.
- San Diego Zoo, located in Balboa Park
- Presidio Park, located on a bluff directly above Old Town, a city historic park on the site of the San Diego Presidio, the first European settlement in California.
- San Diego Bay contains the aircraft carrier USS Midway now used as a memorial ship and as a floating museum, and the eight floating museum ships of the San Diego Maritime Museum. Harbor cruises, sailing, and sport fishing are also available.
- Legoland California, a Lego theme park in Carlsbad.
- Alta Vista Gardens is a Botanical Garden in Vista dedicated to bringing together 'People, Nature & Art'.
- Mount Ecclesia is a historic district noted for its singular architecture and the preservation of nature grounds and gardens, offering a unique meditative walking experience. It is located about a mile east of Interstate 5 in the Oceanside area.
- San Dieguito County Park
Deportes
The most popular sports teams in the San Diego metropolitan area are a major professional sports team — the MLB's Padres — and the college sports teams of the San Diego State Aztecs.
Major professional sports teams
Club | Sport | Since | League | Venue (capacity) |
---|---|---|---|---|
San Diego Padres | Baseball | 1969 | Major League Baseball | Petco Park (40,209) |
Other top level professional teams
Club | Sport | Since | League | Venue (capacity) |
---|---|---|---|---|
San Diego Seals | Lacrosse | 2017 | National Lacrosse League | Pechanga Arena (12,920) |
San Diego Legion | Rugby | 2018 | Major League Rugby | Torero Stadium (6,000) |
San Diego Sockers | Indoor soccer | 2009 | Major Arena Soccer League | Pechanga Arena (12,920) |
San Diego Strike Force | Indoor football | 2019 | Indoor Football League | Pechanga Arena (12,920) |
San Diego Aviators | Team tennis | 2014 | World TeamTennis | Omni La Costa Resort and Spa (2,100) |
San Diego Growlers | Ultimate | 2015 | American Ultimate Disc League | Balboa Stadium (3,000) |
Minor League professional teams
Club | Sport | Since | League | Venue (capacity) | Competition Tier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
San Diego Gulls | Ice hockey | 2015 | American Hockey League | Pechanga Arena (12,920) | 2 |
San Diego Loyal SC | Soccer | 2020 | USL Championship | Torero Stadium (8,000) | 2 |
San Diego 1904 FC | Soccer | 2019 | National Independent Soccer Association | SDCCU Stadium (70,561) | 3 |
Collegiate sports
Club | University | Enrollment | League | Primary conference |
---|---|---|---|---|
San Diego State Aztecs | San Diego State University | 34,828 | NCAA Division I | Mountain West Conference |
San Diego Toreros | University of San Diego | 8,328 | NCAA Division I | West Coast Conference |
UC San Diego Tritons | University of California, San Diego | 38,798 | NCAA Division I | Big West Conference |
Cal State San Marcos Cougars | California State University San Marcos | 13,893 | NCAA Division II | California Collegiate Athletic Association |
Point Loma Nazarene Sea Lions | Point Loma Nazarene University | 3,480 | NCAA Division II | Pacific West Conference |
San Diego Christian Hawks | San Diego Christian College | 681 | NAIA | Golden State Athletic Conference |
Saint Katherine Firebirds | University of Saint Katherine | 300 | NAIA | California Pacific Conference |
Gobierno
The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of San Diego.[81] Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.[82] Some chartered cities such as San Diego and Chula Vista provide municipal services such as police, public safety, libraries, parks and recreation, and zoning. Other cities such as Del Mar and Vista arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services on a contract basis.
The county government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices and officers
Office | Official | Party |
---|---|---|
Clerk | Ernest J. Dronenburg Jr. | Republican |
District Attorney | Summer Stephan | Republican |
Sheriff | William Gore | Republican |
Treasurer | Dan McAllister | Republican |
and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the Chief Administrative Officer such as the Probation Department. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with San Diego County, such as the San Diego Superior Court.
Under its foundational Charter, the five-member elected San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the county legislature. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. As a legislative authority, it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas (ordinances that affect the whole county, like posting of restaurant ratings, must be ratified by the individual city). As an executive body, it can tell the county departments what to do, and how to do it. As a quasi-judicial body, the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process.
As of January 2021, the members of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors are:[83]
District | Supervisor | Party |
---|---|---|
1 | Nora Vargas (Vice Chair) | Democrat |
2 | Joel Anderson | Republican |
3 | Terra Lawson-Remer | Democrat |
4 | Nathan Fletcher (Chair) | Democrat |
5 | Jim Desmond | Republican |
For several decades, ending in 2013, all five supervisors were Republican, white, graduates of San Diego State University, and had been in office since 1995 or earlier. The Board was criticized for this homogeneity, which was made possible because supervisors draw their own district lines and are not subject to term limits.[84] (In 2010 voters put term limits in place, but they only apply going forward, so that each incumbent supervisor can serve an additional two terms before being termed out.[85]) That pattern was broken in 2013 when Slater-Price retired; she was replaced by Democrat Dave Roberts, who won election to the seat in November 2012 and was inaugurated in January 2013.[86]
The San Diego County Code is the codified law of San Diego County in the form of ordinances passed by the Board of Supervisors. The Administrative Code establishes the powers and duties of all officers and the procedures and rules of operation of all departments.
The county motto is "The noblest motive is the public good." County government offices are housed in the historic County Administration Center Building, constructed in 1935–1938 with funding from the Works Progress Administration.[87]
Política
San Diego County registered voters (2019)[88] | ||
---|---|---|
Total population[44] | 3,338,330 | |
Registered voters[89] | 1,747,383 | 52.3% |
Democratic | 623,925 | 35.7% |
Republican | 475,149 | 27.2% |
Democratic–Republican spread | +148,776 | +8.5% |
No party preference | 552,538 | 31.6% |
American Independent | 55,800 | 3.2% |
Libertarian | 16,355 | 0.9% |
Other | 11,474 | 0.7% |
Green | 6,887 | 0.4% |
Peace and Freedom | 5,255 | 0.3% |
Voting
San Diego County had historically been a Republican stronghold. The Republican presidential nominee carried the county in every presidential election from 1948 through 2004, except in 1992 when Bill Clinton won a plurality. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win a majority of votes in San Diego County since World War II; he won a majority of county votes again in 2012. In 2020, the county voted in favor of the Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden by 22.8%, the largest margin for a Democrat since 1936.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 600,094 | 37.46% | 964,650 | 60.21% | 37,399 | 2.33% |
2016 | 477,766 | 36.57% | 735,476 | 56.30% | 93,158 | 7.13% |
2012 | 536,726 | 44.95% | 626,957 | 52.51% | 30,266 | 2.53% |
2008 | 541,032 | 43.79% | 666,581 | 53.95% | 27,890 | 2.26% |
2004 | 596,033 | 52.45% | 526,437 | 46.33% | 13,881 | 1.22% |
2000 | 475,736 | 49.63% | 437,666 | 45.66% | 45,232 | 4.72% |
1996 | 402,876 | 45.57% | 389,964 | 44.11% | 91,311 | 10.33% |
1992 | 352,125 | 35.69% | 367,397 | 37.24% | 267,124 | 27.07% |
1988 | 523,143 | 60.19% | 333,264 | 38.34% | 12,788 | 1.47% |
1984 | 502,344 | 65.30% | 257,029 | 33.41% | 9,894 | 1.29% |
1980 | 435,910 | 60.81% | 195,410 | 27.26% | 85,546 | 11.93% |
1976 | 353,302 | 55.74% | 263,654 | 41.60% | 16,839 | 2.66% |
1972 | 371,627 | 61.82% | 206,455 | 34.34% | 23,055 | 3.84% |
1968 | 261,540 | 56.26% | 167,669 | 36.07% | 35,654 | 7.67% |
1964 | 214,445 | 50.31% | 211,808 | 49.69% | 33 | 0.01% |
1960 | 223,056 | 56.41% | 171,259 | 43.31% | 1,106 | 0.28% |
1956 | 195,742 | 64.47% | 106,716 | 35.15% | 1,147 | 0.38% |
1952 | 186,091 | 63.50% | 105,255 | 35.92% | 1,688 | 0.58% |
1948 | 101,552 | 49.43% | 98,217 | 47.80% | 5,690 | 2.77% |
1944 | 75,746 | 45.42% | 89,959 | 53.94% | 1,059 | 0.64% |
1940 | 55,434 | 43.27% | 71,188 | 55.57% | 1,488 | 1.16% |
1936 | 35,686 | 35.04% | 64,628 | 63.45% | 1,540 | 1.51% |
1932 | 35,305 | 41.46% | 45,622 | 53.58% | 4,223 | 4.96% |
1928 | 47,769 | 67.14% | 22,749 | 31.97% | 633 | 0.89% |
1924 | 22,726 | 48.99% | 2,944 | 6.35% | 20,721 | 44.67% |
1920 | 19,826 | 63.78% | 8,478 | 27.27% | 2,783 | 8.95% |
1916 | 16,978 | 46.47% | 16,815 | 46.02% | 2,744 | 7.51% |
1912 | 63 | 0.29% | 9,731 | 44.79% | 11,934 | 54.92% |
1908 | 5,412 | 57.56% | 2,393 | 25.45% | 1,598 | 16.99% |
1904 | 4,303 | 59.52% | 1,398 | 19.34% | 1,529 | 21.15% |
1900 | 3,800 | 54.91% | 2,678 | 38.69% | 443 | 6.40% |
1896 | 3,631 | 46.86% | 3,908 | 50.44% | 209 | 2.70% |
1892 | 3,525 | 45.71% | 2,334 | 30.26% | 1,853 | 24.03% |
1888 | 4,661 | 56.88% | 3,189 | 38.92% | 344 | 4.20% |
1884 | 1,120 | 57.00% | 800 | 40.71% | 45 | 2.29% |
1880 | 743 | 56.80% | 546 | 41.74% | 19 | 1.45% |
The city of San Diego itself is more Democratic than the county's average and has voted for Democrats in each presidential election since 1992. Various cities within the county are swing areas that have split their votes in elections since 2000. Republican strength is concentrated in North County, East County and the eastern backlands. Coronado has also traditionally been a Republican stronghold.
One unique feature of the political scene is the use of Golden Hall, a convention facility next to San Diego's City Hall, as "Election Central." The County Registrar of Voters rents the hall to distribute election results. Supporters and political observers gather to watch the results come in; supporters of the various candidates parade around the hall, carrying signs and chanting; candidates give their victory and concession speeches and host parties for campaign volunteers and donors at the site; and television stations broadcast live from the floor of the convention center.[91] The atmosphere at Election Central on the evening of election day has been compared to the voting portion of a political party national convention.[92]
On November 4, 2008, San Diego County voted 53.71% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages, thus restoring Proposition 22 which was overturned by a ruling from the California Supreme Court. However the city of San Diego, along with Del Mar, Encinitas, and Solana Beach, voted against Proposition 8.[93]
Federal and state representation
In the U.S. House of Representatives, San Diego County is split between five congressional districts:[94]
- California's 49th congressional district, represented by Democrat Mike Levin
- California's 50th congressional district, represented by Republican Darrell Issa
- California's 51st congressional district, represented by Democrat Juan Vargas
- California's 52nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Scott Peters and
- California's 53rd congressional district, represented by Democrat Sara Jacobs.
In the California State Assembly, San Diego County is split between seven legislative districts:[95]
- the 71st Assembly District, represented by Republican Randy Voepel,
- the 75th Assembly District, represented by Republican Marie Waldron,
- the 76th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Tasha Boerner Horvath,
- the 77th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Brian Maienschein,
- the 78th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Chris Ward,
- the 79th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Akilah Weber, and
- the 80th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Lorena Gonzalez.
In the California State Senate, San Diego County is split between four legislative districts:[96]
- the 36th Senate District, represented by Republican Patricia Bates,
- the 38th Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Jones,
- the 39th Senate District, represented by Democrat Toni Atkins, and
- the 40th Senate District, represented by Democrat Ben Hueso.
Crimen
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates | ||
---|---|---|
Population[44] | 3,060,849 | |
Violent crime[97] | 12,775 | 4.17 |
Homicide[97] | 75 | 0.02 |
Forcible rape[97] | 746 | 0.24 |
Robbery[97] | 4,033 | 1.32 |
Aggravated assault[97] | 7,921 | 2.59 |
Property crime[97] | 43,525 | 14.22 |
Burglary[97] | 14,522 | 4.74 |
Larceny-theft[97][note 1] | 41,278 | 13.49 |
Motor vehicle theft[97] | 13,938 | 4.55 |
Arson[97] | 394 | 0.13 |
Cities by population and crime rates
Cities by population and crime rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Population[98] | Violent crimes[98] | Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons | Property crimes[98] | Property crime rate per 1,000 persons | |||
Carlsbad | 107,879 | 265 | 2.46 | 2,109 | 19.55 | |||
Chula Vista | 249,830 | 581 | 2.33 | 5,081 | 20.34 | |||
Coronado | 19,345 | 20 | 1.03 | 504 | 26.05 | |||
Del Mar | 4,263 | 15 | 3.52 | 211 | 49.50 | |||
El Cajon | 101,864 | 365 | 3.58 | 2,414 | 23.70 | |||
Encinitas | 60,960 | 150 | 2.46 | 1,296 | 21.26 | |||
Escondido | 147,386 | 628 | 4.26 | 3,887 | 26.37 | |||
Imperial Beach | 26,956 | 147 | 5.45 | 471 | 17.47 | |||
La Mesa | 58,444 | 224 | 3.83 | 1,732 | 29.64 | |||
Lemon Grove | 25,932 | 137 | 5.28 | 434 | 16.74 | |||
National City | 59,920 | 371 | 6.19 | 1,863 | 31.09 | |||
Oceanside | 171,141 | 728 | 4.25 | 4,289 | 25.06 | |||
Poway | 48,968 | 94 | 1.92 | 559 | 11.42 | |||
San Diego | 1,338,477 | 5,529 | 4.13 | 31,700 | 23.68 | |||
San Marcos | 85,810 | 227 | 2.65 | 1,502 | 17.50 | |||
Santee | 54,700 | 154 | 2.82 | 1,109 | 20.27 | |||
Solana Beach | 13,181 | 24 | 1.82 | 313 | 23.75 | |||
Vista | 96,087 | 465 | 4.84 | 1,885 | 19.62 |
Educación
San Diego County contains three public state universities: University of California, San Diego; San Diego State University; and California State University, San Marcos. Major private universities in the county include University of San Diego (USD), Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), Alliant International University (AIU), and National University. It also includes three law schools, USD School of Law, California Western School of Law, and Thomas Jefferson School of Law.
Within the county there are 24 public elementary school districts, 6 high school districts, and 12 unified school districts. There are also 5 community college districts.[99]
There are two separate public library systems in San Diego County: the San Diego Public Library serving the city of San Diego, and the San Diego County Library serving all other areas of the county. In 2010 the county library had 33 branches and two bookmobiles; circulated over 10.7 million books, CDs, DVDs, and other material formats; recorded 5.7 million visits to library branches; and hosted 21,132 free programs and events. The San Diego County Library is one of the 25 busiest libraries in the nation as measured by materials circulated.[100][101]
Community College Districts
- Grossmont-Cuyamaca Community College District
- MiraCosta Community College District
- Palomar Community College District
- San Diego Community College District
- Southwestern Community College District
Militar
San Diego is the headquarters of the U.S. Navy's Eleventh Naval District and is the Navy's principal location for West Coast and Pacific Ocean operations.[102] Naval Base San Diego, California is principal home to the Pacific Fleet (although the headquarters is located in Pearl Harbor). NAS North Island is located on the north side of Coronado, and is home to Headquarters for Naval Air Forces and Naval Air Force Pacific, the bulk of the Pacific Fleet's helicopter squadrons, and part of the West Coast aircraft carrier fleet.
The Naval Special Warfare Center is the primary training center for SEALs, and is also located on Coronado. The area contains five major naval bases and the U.S. Marines base Camp Pendleton. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base.[103] It is located on the Southern California coast, bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente to the north, and Fallbrook to the east.
- Naval Base San Diego, also known as 32nd Street Naval Station
- Naval Amphibious Base Coronado
- Naval Air Station North Island
- Naval Base Point Loma, which includes the Submarine Base and the Fleet Antisubmarine Warfare Training Center
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR)
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, also known as Bob Wilson Naval Hospital and Balboa Naval Hospital
U.S. Marine Corps
- Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
- Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
- Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego
U.S. Coast Guard
- Coast Guard Air Station San Diego
Medios de comunicación
San Diego County is primarily served by media in San Diego, including TV and radio stations based in the city.
Newspapers
San Diego County is served by many newspapers. The major regional paper is The San Diego Union-Tribune, also known as U-T San Diego, is ranked 23rd in the country (by daily circulation) as of March 2013.[104] The Union-Tribune serves both San Diego County and neighboring Imperial County. The former North County Times, based in Escondido and serving portions of Riverside County and North County, was purchased by the Union-Tribune in 2012 and closed down. For about a year after absorbing the North County Times the Union-Tribune published a North County edition,[105] but the regional edition was later abandoned.[106] The Los Angeles Times is also delivered in portions of the county. Many of the area's cities, towns and neighborhoods have their own local newspapers; the Union Tribune bought eight local weeklies in 2013 and is continuing to publish them as independent local newspapers.[106] The San Diego Daily Transcript reports business and legal news. Privately published papers like the Military Press Newspaper and the Navy Dispatch serve the military community both on and off base.
Other media
County Television Network is a public-access television cable channel, offering a "hometown blend of C-SPAN, the Lifetime, History, Travel, and Discovery channels" for the county, and funded by fees paid by cable companies.[107]
Transporte
Major highways
- Interstate 5
- Interstate 8
- Interstate 15
- Interstate 805
- State Route 11
- State Route 15
- State Route 52
- State Route 54
- State Route 56
- State Route 67
- State Route 75
- State Route 76
- State Route 78
- State Route 79
- State Route 94
- State Route 125
- State Route 163
- State Route 188
- State Route 282
- State Route 905
Border crossings to Mexico
- San Ysidro Border Crossing
- Otay Mesa Border Crossing
- Tecate Border Crossing
Railroads
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- Amtrak (Pacific Surfliner)
- Metrolink
- The Coaster
- San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway
- San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad
Light rail and local transit
- San Diego Trolley
- San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (SDMTS/MTS)
- Sprinter
- North County Transit District (NCTD)
The Port of San Diego
- Embarcadero (San Diego)
Airports
- San Diego International Airport (Lindbergh Field) (SAN)
- Montgomery Field (MYF)
- McClellan-Palomar Airport (CRQ) a.k.a. Palomar Airport or Carlsbad Airport
- Gillespie Field (SEE)
- Agua Caliente Airport (L54)
- Borrego Valley Airport (L08)
- Fallbrook Community Airpark (L18)
- Oceanside Municipal Airport (K0KB)
- Ocotillo Airport (L90)
- Ramona Airport (RNM)
- Brown Field Municipal Airport (SDM) (formerly East Field, NAAS Otay Mesa, and NAAS Brown Field)
Comunidades
Cities
City | Year incorporated | Population (2019 estimate)[108] |
---|---|---|
Carlsbad | 1952 | 115,382 |
Chula Vista | 1911 | 274,492 |
Coronado | 1890 | 23,731 |
Del Mar | 1959 | 4,331 |
El Cajon | 1912 | 102,708 |
Encinitas | 1986 | 62,709 |
Escondido | 1888 | 151,625 |
Imperial Beach | 1956 | 27,440 |
La Mesa | 1912 | 59,249 |
Lemon Grove | 1977 | 26,811 |
National City | 1887 | 61,394 |
Oceanside | 1888 | 175,742 |
Poway | 1980 | 49,323 |
San Diego (county seat) | 1850 | 1,423,851 |
San Marcos | 1963 | 96,644 |
Santee | 1980 | 58,081 |
Solana Beach | 1986 | 13,296 |
Vista | 1963 | 101,638 |
Former cities
City | Year incorporated | Year dissolved | Fate |
---|---|---|---|
East San Diego | 1912 | 1923 | Merged into San Diego |
Census-designated places
- Alpine
- Bonita
- Bonsall
- Borrego Springs
- Bostonia
- Boulevard
- Campo
- Camp Pendleton North
- Camp Pendleton South
- Casa de Oro-Mount Helix
- Crest
- Descanso
- Eucalyptus Hills
- Fairbanks Ranch
- Fallbrook
- Granite Hills
- Harbison Canyon
- Hidden Meadows
- Jacumba Hot Springs
- Jamul
- Julian
- Lake San Marcos
- Lakeside
- La Presa
- Mount Laguna
- Oak Grove
- Pala
- Pine Valley
- Potrero
- Rainbow
- Ramona
- Rancho San Diego
- Rancho Santa Fe
- San Diego Country Estates
- Spring Valley
- Valley Center
- Winter Gardens
Unincorporated communities
- 4S Ranch
- Ballena
- Banner
- Casa de Oro
- Dehesa
- De Luz
- De Luz Heights
- Dulzura
- East Otay Mesa
- Elfin Forest
- Flinn Springs
- Foster
- Guatay
- Jesmond Dene
- Jofegan
- Kentwood-In-The-Pines
- Lincoln Acres
- Manzanita
- Ocotillo Wells
- Pala Mesa
- Palomar Mountain
- Pauma Valley
- Pine Hills
- Ranchita
- Rincon
- Santa Ysabel
- Shelter Valley
- Tecate
- Warner Springs
- Wynola
Potential future incorporations and stalled past efforts
Some current CDP's and unincorporated communities of San Diego County have explored incorporating as independent cities/towns in the past, some of which have seen efforts culminate in ballot initiatives. Alpine, Fallbrook, Lakeside, Ramona, Rancho Santa Fe and Spring Valley have been tied to various incorporation studies, organized efforts and discussions in the past.[109] Voters in Fallbrook previously rejected incorporation in 1981 and 1987.[110] Rancho Santa Fe residents also rejected incorporation in 1987.[111] The incorporations of Encinitas and Solana Beach in 1986 remain the most recent examples of successful campaigns for cityhood within the County of San Diego.
Indian reservations
San Diego County has 18 federally recognized Indian reservations, more than any other county in the United States.[112] Although they are typical in size to other Indian reservations in California (many of which are termed "Rancherías"), they are relatively tiny by national standards,[citation needed] and all together total 200.2 sq mi (519 km2) of area.
- Barona Indian Reservation
- Campo Indian Reservation
- Capitan Grande Reservation
- Ewiiaapaayp Indian Reservation
- Inaja and Cosmit Indian Reservation
- Jamul Indian Village
- La Jolla Indian Reservation
- La Posta Indian Reservation
- Los Coyotes Indian Reservation
- Manzanita Indian Reservation
- Mesa Grande Indian Reservation
- Pala Indian Reservation
- Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation
- Rincon Indian Reservation
- San Pasqual Indian Reservation
- Santa Ysabel Indian Reservation
- Sycuan Indian Reservation
- Viejas Indian Reservation
Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of San Diego County.[113]
† county seat
Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2010 Census) | Population (2019 Estimate) | Municipal type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | † San Diego | 1,307,402 | 1,423,851 | City |
2 | Chula Vista | 243,916 | 274,492 | City |
3 | Oceanside | 167,086 | 175,742 | City |
4 | Escondido | 143,911 | 151,625 | City |
5 | Carlsbad | 105,328 | 115,382 | City |
6 | El Cajon | 99,478 | 102,708 | City |
7 | Vista | 93,834 | 101,638 | City |
8 | San Marcos | 83,781 | 96,644 | City |
9 | Encinitas | 59,518 | 62,709 | City |
10 | National City | 58,582 | 61,394 | City |
11 | La Mesa | 57,065 | 59,249 | City |
12 | Santee | 53,413 | 58,081 | City |
13 | Poway | 47,811 | 49,323 | City |
14 | La Presa | 34,169 | -- | CDP |
15 | Fallbrook | 30,534 | -- | CDP |
16 | Spring Valley | 28,205 | -- | CDP |
17 | Imperial Beach | 26,324 | 27,440 | City |
18 | Lemon Grove | 25,320 | 26,811 | City |
19 | Rancho San Diego | 21,208 | -- | CDP |
20 | Lakeside | 20,648 | -- | CDP |
21 | Winter Gardens | 20,631 | -- | CDP |
22 | Ramona | 20,292 | -- | CDP |
23 | Coronado | 18,912 | 23,731 | City |
24 | Casa de Oro-Mount Helix | 18,762 | -- | CDP |
25 | Bostonia | 15,379 | -- | CDP |
26 | Alpine | 14,236 | -- | CDP |
27 | Solana Beach | 12,867 | 13,296 | City |
28 | Bonita | 12,538 | -- | CDP |
29 | Camp Pendleton South | 10,616 | -- | CDP |
30 | San Diego Country Estates | 10,109 | -- | CDP |
31 | Valley Center | 9,277 | -- | CDP |
32 | Jamul | 6,163 | -- | CDP |
33 | Eucalyptus Hills | 5,313 | -- | CDP |
34 | Camp Pendleton North | 5,200 | -- | CDP |
35 | Lake San Marcos | 4,437 | -- | CDP |
36 | Del Mar | 4,161 | 4,331 | City |
37 | Bonsall | 3,982 | -- | CDP |
38 | Harbison Canyon | 3,841 | -- | CDP |
39 | Hidden Meadows | 3,485 | -- | CDP |
40 | Borrego Springs | 3,429 | -- | CDP |
41 | Fairbanks Ranch | 3,148 | -- | CDP |
42 | Rancho Santa Fe | 3,117 | -- | CDP |
43 | Granite Hills | 3,035 | -- | CDP |
44 | Campo | 2,684 | -- | CDP |
45 | Crest | 2,593 | -- | CDP |
46 | Rainbow | 1,832 | -- | CDP |
47 | Pine Valley | 1,510 | -- | CDP |
48 | Julian | 1,502 | -- | CDP |
49 | Descanso | 1,423 | -- | CDP |
50 | Pala Indian Reservation[114] | 1,315 | AIAN | |
51 | Rincon Reservation[115] | 1,215 | AIAN | |
52 | San Pasqual Reservation[116] | 1,097 | AIAN | |
53 | Potrero | 656 | -- | CDP |
54 | Barona Reservation[117] | 640 | AIAN | |
55 | Jucumba Hot Springs | 561 | -- | CDP |
56 | Viejas Reservation[118] | 520 | AIAN | |
57 | La Jolla Reservation[119] | 476 | AIAN | |
58 | Campo Indian Reservation[120] | 362 | AIAN | |
59 | Santa Ysabel Reservation[121] | 330 | AIAN | |
60 | Boulevard | 315 | -- | CDP |
61 | Sycuan Reservation[122] | 211 | AIAN | |
62 | Pauma and Yuima Reservation[123] | 206 | AIAN | |
t-63 | Los Coyotes Reservation[124] | 98 | AIAN | |
t-63 | Mesa Grande Reservation[125] | 98 | AIAN | |
64 | Manzanita Reservation[126] | 78 | AIAN | |
65 | Mount Laguna | 57 | -- | CDP |
66 | La Posta Indian Reservation[127] | 55 | AIAN |
Ver también
- List of breweries in San Diego County, California
- List of high schools in San Diego County, California
- List of museums in San Diego County, California
- List of school districts in San Diego County, California
- List of United States counties and county-equivalents
- National Register of Historic Places listings in San Diego County, California
- San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)
Notas
- ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official precipitation records for San Diego were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from October 1850 to December 1859 at the Mission San Diego and from November 1871 to June 1939 and a variety of buildings at downtown, and at San Diego Int'l (Lindbergh Field) since July 1939.[28] Temperature records, however, only date from October 1874. For more information on data coverage, see ThreadEx
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- ^ "U-T Buys North County Times and Californian". San Diego Business Journal. September 10, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ a b Horn, Jonathan (November 1, 2013). "U-T buys 8 local community newspapers". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
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- ^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- ^ "More New Cities Mean Less Money, Growing Problems for County". Los Angeles Times. June 9, 1986. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "Fallbrook Rejects Incorporation". Los Angeles Times. June 8, 1988. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "Rancho Santa Fe Rejects Cityhood : Residents of Wealthy North County Enclave Vote Against Incorporation". Los Angeles Times. June 3, 1987. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "University of San Diego". Sandiego.edu. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010.
- ^ "2010 U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Pala Indian Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Rincon Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : San Pasqual Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Barona Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Viejas Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : La Jolla Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Campo Indian Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Santa Ysabel Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Sycuan Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Pauma and Yuima Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Los Coyotes Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Mesa Grande Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Manzanita Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : La Posta Indian Reservation". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Otras lecturas
- Pryde, Philip R. San Diego: An Introduction to the Region (4th ed. 2004), a historical geography
enlaces externos
- Official website
- San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) official website
- San Diego Tourism Authority
- San Diego Geographic Information Source