Los disidentes soviéticos eran personas que no estaban de acuerdo con ciertos rasgos de la encarnación de la ideología soviética y que estaban dispuestos a hablar en contra de ellos. [2] El término disidente se utilizó en la Unión Soviética en el período que siguió a la muerte de Joseph Stalin hasta la caída del comunismo . [3] Se utilizó para referirse a pequeños grupos de intelectuales marginados cuyos modestos desafíos al régimen soviético encontraron la protección y el aliento de los corresponsales. [4] Siguiendo la etimología del término, se considera que un disidente "se sienta al margen" del régimen. [5]Cuando los disidentes comenzaron a identificarse a sí mismos como disidentes , el término pasó a referirse a un individuo cuyo inconformismo se percibía como para el bien de una sociedad. [6] [7] [8]
La oposición política en la URSS era apenas visible y, con raras excepciones, tenía pocas consecuencias. [9] En cambio, un elemento importante de la actividad disidente en la Unión Soviética fue informar a la sociedad (tanto dentro de la Unión Soviética como en países extranjeros) sobre la violación de las leyes y los derechos humanos. Con el tiempo, el movimiento disidente creó una vívida conciencia de los abusos comunistas soviéticos. [10]
Los disidentes soviéticos que criticaron al estado enfrentaron posibles sanciones legales bajo el Código Penal soviético [11] y enfrentaron la opción del exilio , el hospital psiquiátrico o el campo de trabajo . [12] El comportamiento político antisoviético , en particular, ser franco en oposición a las autoridades, manifestarse a favor de la reforma, escribir libros fue definido en algunas personas como simultáneamente un acto criminal (por ejemplo, violación de los artículos 70 o 190-1) un síntoma (p. ej., "delirio de reformismo") y un diagnóstico (p. ej., " esquizofrenia lenta "). [13]
Década de 1950 a 1960
En la década de 1950, los disidentes soviéticos comenzaron a filtrar críticas a Occidente enviando documentos y declaraciones a misiones diplomáticas extranjeras en Moscú . [14] En la década de 1960, los disidentes soviéticos declararon con frecuencia que los derechos que el gobierno de la Unión Soviética les negó eran derechos universales, poseídos por todos independientemente de su raza, religión y nacionalidad. [15] En agosto de 1969, por ejemplo, el Grupo de Iniciación para la Defensa de los Derechos Civiles en la URSS apeló al Comité de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas para defender los derechos humanos pisoteados por las autoridades soviéticas en varios juicios. [dieciséis]
Nuestra historia muestra que la mayoría de la gente puede ser engañada durante mucho tiempo. Pero ahora toda esta idiotez está entrando en clara contradicción con el hecho de que tenemos cierto nivel de apertura. ( Vladimir Voinovich ) [17]
El apogeo de los disidentes como presencia en la vida pública occidental fue la década de 1970. [18] Los Acuerdos de Helsinki inspiraron a los disidentes de la Unión Soviética, Checoslovaquia , Hungría y Polonia a protestar abiertamente por las fallas de derechos humanos cometidas por sus propios gobiernos. [19] Los disidentes soviéticos exigieron que las autoridades soviéticas implementaran sus propios compromisos derivados del Acuerdo de Helsinki con el mismo celo y de la misma manera que antes los legalistas francos esperaban que las autoridades soviéticas se adhirieran estrictamente a la letra de su constitución. [20] Los intelectuales disidentes de Rusia y Europa del Este que instaron al cumplimiento de los acuerdos de Helsinki han sido objeto de represión oficial. [21] Según el disidente soviético Leonid Plyushch , Moscú se ha aprovechado del pacto de seguridad de Helsinki para mejorar su economía al tiempo que aumenta la represión de los disidentes políticos. [22] 50 miembros de los Grupos de Helsinki soviéticos fueron encarcelados. [23] Los casos de presos políticos y presos de conciencia en la Unión Soviética fueron divulgados por Amnistía Internacional en 1975 [24] y por el Comité para la Defensa de los Presos Políticos Soviéticos en 1975 [25] y 1976. [26] [27]
El presidente estadounidense Jimmy Carter, en su discurso inaugural el 20 de enero de 1977, anunció que los derechos humanos serían fundamentales para la política exterior durante su administración. [28] En febrero, Carter envió a Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov una carta en la que expresaba su apoyo a la postura de este último sobre los derechos humanos. [28] [29] A raíz de la carta de Carter a Sajarov, la URSS advirtió contra los intentos de "interferir 'en sus asuntos bajo" un pretexto pensado de' defender los derechos humanos '". [30] Debido al programa abierto de Carter de apoyo a los disidentes soviéticos, la KGB pudo vincular la disidencia con el imperialismo estadounidense al sugerir que tal protesta es una tapadera para el espionaje estadounidense en la Unión Soviética . [31] El jefe de la KGB, Yuri Andropov , determinó: "Por lo tanto, ha surgido la necesidad de terminar las acciones de Orlov , el monitor de Helsinki Ginzburg y otros de una vez por todas, sobre la base de la ley existente ". [32] Según Dmitri Volkogonov y Harold Shukman , fue Andropov quien aprobó los numerosos juicios de activistas de derechos humanos como Andrei Amalrik , Vladimir Bukovsky , Vyacheslav Chornovil , Zviad Gamsakhurdia , Alexander Ginzburg , Natalya Gorbanevskaya , Pyotr Grigorenko , Anatoly Shcharansky y otros. [33]
Si aceptamos violaciónes de derechos humanos como apenas "a su manera" de hacer las cosas, entonces somos todos culpables. ( Andrei Sajarov ) [34]
A Chronicle of Current Events No 11, 31 de diciembre de 1968 (portada)
La emigración voluntaria e involuntaria permitió a las autoridades deshacerse de muchos intelectuales políticos activos, incluidos los escritores Valentin Turchin , Georgi Vladimov , Vladimir Voinovich , Lev Kopelev , Vladimir Maximov, Naum Korzhavin , Vasily Aksyonov y otros. [35] : 194 Crónica de la actualidad cubrió 424 juicios políticos, en los que 753 personas fueron condenadas y ninguno de los acusados fue absuelto; Además, 164 personas fueron declaradas locas y enviadas a tratamiento obligatorio en un hospital psiquiátrico. [36]
Según los disidentes soviéticos y los críticos occidentales, la KGB solía enviar a los disidentes a los psiquiatras para que los diagnosticaran a fin de evitar vergonzosos juicios públicos y desacreditar la disidencia como producto de mentes enfermas. [37] [38] Sobre la base de que los disidentes políticos en la Unión Soviética eran psicóticos y engañados, fueron encerrados en hospitales psiquiátricos y tratados con neurolépticos . [39] El confinamiento de disidentes políticos en instituciones psiquiátricas se había convertido en una práctica común. [40] Esa técnica podría llamarse la "medicalización" de la disidencia o el terror psiquiátrico, la ahora familiar forma de represión aplicada en la Unión Soviética a Leonid Plyushch , Pyotr Grigorenko y muchos otros. [41] Finalmente, muchas personas en ese momento tendían a creer que los disidentes eran personas anormales cuyo compromiso con los hospitales psiquiátricos estaba bastante justificado. [35] : 96 [42] En opinión de la presidenta del Grupo de Moscú Helsinki, Lyudmila Alexeyeva , la atribución de una enfermedad mental a una figura prominente que salió con una declaración o acción política es el factor más significativo en la evaluación de la psiquiatría durante la década de 1960-1980. [43] En ese momento, el disidente soviético Vladimir Bukovsky escribió Una nueva enfermedad mental en la URSS: La oposición publicada en francés, [44] alemán, [45] italiano, [46] español [47] y (cubierto con Semyon Gluzman ) A Manual de psiquiatría para disidentes publicado en ruso, [48] inglés, [49] francés, [50] italiano, [51] alemán, [52] danés. [53]
Represión de los grupos de vigilancia de Helsinki
En 1977-1979 y nuevamente en 1980-1982, la KGB reaccionó a los Grupos de Vigilancia de Helsinki en Moscú, Kiev, Vilnius, Tbilisi y Erevan lanzando arrestos a gran escala y condenando a sus miembros a prisión, campo de trabajo, exilio interno y prisión psiquiátrica.
De los miembros del Grupo de Helsinki de Moscú , 1978 vio a sus miembros Yuri Orlov , Vladimir Slepak y Anatoly Shcharansky condenados a largos períodos de trabajo en campos de trabajo y exilio interno por " agitación y propaganda antisoviética " y traición. A principios de la década de 1980 siguió otra ola de detenciones: Malva Landa, Viktor Nekipelov , Leonard Ternovsky, Feliks Serebrov, Tatiana Osipova, Anatoly Marchenko e Ivan Kovalev. [54] : 249 Las autoridades soviéticas ofrecieron a algunos activistas la "oportunidad" de emigrar. Lyudmila Alexeyeva emigró en 1977. Los miembros fundadores del Grupo Moscú Helsinki Mikhail Bernshtam, Alexander Korchak, Vitaly Rubin también emigraron, y Pyotr Grigorenko fue despojado de su ciudadanía soviética mientras buscaba tratamiento médico en el extranjero. [55]
The Ukrainian Helsinki Group suffered severe repressions throughout 1977-1982, with at times multiple labor camp sentences handed out to Mykola Rudenko, Oleksy Tykhy, Myroslav Marynovych, Mykola Matusevych, Levko Lukyanenko, Oles Berdnyk, Mykola Horbal, Zinovy Krasivsky, Vitaly Kalynychenko, Vyacheslav Chornovil, Olha Heyko, Vasyl Stus, Oksana Meshko, Ivan Sokulsky, Ivan Kandyba, Petro Rozumny, Vasyl Striltsiv, Yaroslav Lesiv, Vasyl Sichko, Yuri Lytvyn, Petro Sichko.[54]:250–251 By 1983 the Ukrainian Helsinki Group had 37 members, of whom 22 were in prison camps, 5 were in exile, 6 emigrated to the West, 3 were released and were living in Ukraine, 1 (Mykhailo Melnyk) committed suicide.[56]
The Lithuanian Helsinki Group saw its members subjected to two waves of imprisonment for anti-Soviet activities and "organization of religious processions": Viktoras Petkus was sentenced in 1978; others followed in 1980-1981: Algirdas Statkevičius, Vytautas Skuodys, Mečislovas Jurevičius, and Vytautas Vaičiūnas.[54]:251–252
Corrientes de disidencia
Civil and human rights movement
Yelena Bonner and Andrei Sakharov after their arrival for the conferment of the honorary doctorate in law from the University of Groningen, 15 June 1989
Starting in the 1960s, the early years of the Brezhnev stagnation, dissidents in the Soviet Union increasingly turned their attention towards civil and eventually human rights concerns. The fight for civil and human rights focused on issues of freedom of expression, freedom of conscience, freedom to emigrate, punitive psychiatry, and the plight of political prisoners. It was characterized by a new openness of dissent, a concern for legality, the rejection of any 'underground' and violent struggle.[57]
Throughout the 1960s-1980s, those active in the civil and human rights movement engaged in a variety of activities: The documentation of political repression and rights violations in samizdat (unsanctioned press); individual and collective protest letters and petitions; unsanctioned demonstrations; mutual aid for prisoners of conscience; and, most prominently, civic watch groups appealing to the international community. Repercussions for these activities ranged from dismissal from work and studies to many years of imprisonment in labor camps and being subjected to punitive psychiatry.
Dissidents active in the movement in the 1960s introduced a "legalist" approach of avoiding moral and political commentary in favor of close attention to legal and procedural issues. Following several landmark political trials, coverage of arrests and trials in samizdat became more common. This activity eventually led to the founding of the Chronicle of Current Events in April 1968. The unofficial newsletter reported violations of civil rights and judicial procedure by the Soviet government and responses to those violations by citizens across the USSR.[58]
During the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, the rights-based strategy of dissent incorporated human rights ideas and rhetoric. The movement included figures such as Valery Chalidze, Yuri Orlov, and Lyudmila Alexeyeva. Special groups were founded such as the Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR (1969) and the Committee on Human Rights in the USSR (1970). The signing of the Helsinki Accords (1975) containing human rights clauses provided rights campaigners with a new hope to use international instruments. This led to the creation of dedicated Helsinki Watch Groups in Moscow (Moscow Helsinki Group), Kiev (Ukrainian Helsinki Group), Vilnius (Lithuanian Helsinki Group), Tbilisi, and Erevan (1976–77).[59]:159–194
The civil and human rights initiatives played a significant role in providing a common language for Soviet dissidents with varying concerns, and became a common cause for social groups in the dissident milieu ranging from activists in the youth subculture to academics such as Andrei Sakharov. Due to the contacts with Western journalists as well as the political focus during détente (Helsinki Accords), those active in the human rights movement were among those most visible in the West (next to refuseniks).
Movements of deported nations
In 1944 THE WHOLE OF OUR PEOPLE was slanderously accused of betraying the Soviet Мotherland and was forcibly deported from the Crimea. [...] [O]n 5 September 1967, there appeared a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet which cleared us of the charge of treason but described us not as Crimean Tatars but as "citizens of Tatar nationality formerly resident in the Crimea", thus legitimizing our banishment from our home country and liquidating us as a nation.
We did not grasp the significance of the decree immediately. After it was published, several thousand people traveled to the Crimea but were once again forcibly expelled. The protest which our people sent to the party Central Committee was left unanswered, as were also the protests of representatives of the Soviet public who supported us. The authorities replied to us only with persecution and court cases.
Since 1959 more than two hundred of the most active and courageous representatives have been sentenced to terms of up to seven years although they had always acted within the limits of the Soviet Constitution.
– Appeal by Crimean Tatars to World Public Opinion, Chronicle of Current Events Issue No 2 (30 June 1968)[60]
Several national or ethnic groups who had been deported under Stalin formed movements to return to their homelands. In particular, the Crimean Tatars aimed to return to Crimea, the Meskhetian Turks to South Georgia and ethnic Germans aimed to resettle along the Volga River near Saratov.
The Crimean Tatar movement takes a prominent place among the movement of deported nations. The Tatars had been refused the right to return to the Crimea, even though the laws justifying their deportation had been overturned. Their first collective letter calling for the restoration dates to 1957.[61] In the early 1960s, the Crimean Tatars had begun to establish initiative groups in the places where they had been forcibly resettled. Led by Mustafa Dzhemilev, they founded their own democratic and decentralized organization, considered unique in the history of independent movements in the Soviet Union.[62]:131[63]:7
Emigration movements
The emigration movements in the Soviet Union included the movement of Soviet Jews to emigrate to Israel and of the Volga Germans to emigrate to West Germany.
Soviet Jews were routinely denied permission to emigrate by the authorities of the former Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc.[64] A movement for the right to emigrate formed in the 1960s, which also gave rise to a revival of interest in Jewish culture. The refusenik cause gathered considerable attention in the West.
Citizens of German origin who lived in the Baltic states prior to their annexation in 1940 and descendants of the eighteenth-century Volga German settlers also formed a movement to leave the Soviet Union.[62]:132[65]:67 In 1972, the West German government entered an agreement with the Soviet authorities which permitted between 6000 and 8000 people to emigrate to West Germany every year for the rest of the decade. As a result, almost 70000 ethnic Germans had left the Soviet Union by the mid-1980s.[65]:67
Similarly, Armenians achieved a small emigration. By the mid-1980s, over 15000 Armenians had emigrated.[65]:68
Religious movements
The religious movements in the USSR included Russian Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant movements. They focused on the freedom to practice their faith and resistance to interference by the state in their internal affairs.[63]:8
The Russian Orthodox movement remained relatively small. The Catholic movement in Lithuania was part of the larger Lithuanian national movement. Protestant groups which opposed the anti-religious state directives included the Baptists, the Seventh-day Adventists, and the Pentecostals. Similar to the Jewish and German dissident movements, many in the independent Pentecostal movement pursued emigration.
National movements
The national movements included the Russian national dissidents as well as dissident movements from Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, and Armenia.
Among the nations that lived in their own territories with the status of republics within the Soviet Union, the first movement to emerge in the 1960s was the Ukrainian movement. Its aspiration was to resist the Russification of Ukraine and to insist on equal rights and democratization for the republic.[63]:7
In Lithuania, the national movement of the 1970s was closely linked to the Catholic movement.[63]:7
Literary and cultural
TASS press release on the expulsion of Alexandr Solzhenitzyn: By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., A. Solzhenitsyn has been deprived of his citizenship for systematic actions incompatible with being a citizen of the U.S.S.R. and for damaging the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Solzhenitzyn's family may join him when they consider it necessary. Izvestia, 15 February 1974. [66]
Several landmark examples of dissenting writers played a significant role for the wider dissident movement. These include the persecutions of Osip Mandelshtam, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Joseph Brodsky, as well as the publication of The Gulag Archipelago by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.
In literary world, there were dozens of literati who participated in dissident movement, including Vasily Aksyonov, Arkadiy Belinkov, Leonid Borodin, Joseph Brodsky, Georgi Vladimov, Vladimir Voinovich, Aleksandr Galich, Venedikt Yerofeyev, Alexander Zinoviev, Lev Kopelev, Naum Korzhavin, Vladimir Maximov, Viktor Nekrasov, Andrei Sinyavsky, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Varlam Shalamov.[67]
In the early Soviet Union, non-conforming academics were exiled via so-called Philosophers' ships.[68] Later, figures such as cultural theorist Grigori Pomerants were among active dissidents.[63]:327
Other intersections of cultural and literary nonconformism with dissidents include the wide field of Soviet Nonconformist Art, such as the painters of the underground Lianozovo group, and artists active in the "Second Culture".
Other groups
Other groups included the Socialists, the movements for socioeconomic rights (especially the independent unions), as well as women's, environmental, and peace movements.[62]:132[63]:3–18
Disidentes y Guerra Fría
In 1977, Jimmy Carter received prominent dissident Vladimir Bukovsky at the White House.
Responding to the issue of refuseniks in the Soviet Union, the United States Congress passed the Jackson–Vanik amendment in 1974. The provision in United States federal law intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries of the Communist bloc that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights.
The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact signed the Helsinki Final Act in August 1975. The "third basket" of the Act included extensive human rights clauses.[69]:99–100
When Jimmy Carter entered office in 1976, he broadened his advisory circle to include critics of US–Soviet détente. He voiced support for the Czech dissident movement known as Charter 77, and publicly expressed concern about the Soviet treatment of dissidents Aleksandr Ginzburg and Andrei Sakharov. In 1977, Carter received prominent dissident Vladimir Bukovsky in the White House, asserting that he did not intend "to be timid" in his support of human rights.[70]:73
In 1979, the US Helsinki Watch Committee was established, funded by the Ford Foundation. Founded after the example of the Moscow Helsinki Group and similar watch groups in the Soviet bloc, it also aimed to monitor compliance with the human rights provisions of the Helsinki Accords and to provide moral support for those struggling for that objective inside the Soviet bloc. It acted as a conduit for information on repression in the Soviet Union, and lobbied policy-makers in the United States to continue to press the issue with Soviet leaders.[71]:460
In 1988, Ronald Reagan held a meeting with Andrei Sakharov at the White House
US President Ronald Reagan attributed to the view that the "brutal treatment of Soviet dissidents was due to bureaucratic inertia."[72] On 14 November 1988, he held a meeting with Andrei Sakharov at the White House and said that Soviet human rights abuses are impeding progress and would continue to do so until the problem is "completely eliminated."[73] Whether talking to about one hundred dissidents in a broadcast to the Soviet people or at the U.S. Embassy, Reagan's agenda was one of freedom to travel, freedom of speech, freedom of religion.[74]
Disidentes sobre su disidencia
Andrei Sakharov said, "Everyone wants to have a job, be married, have children, be happy, but dissidents must be prepared to see their lives destroyed and those dear to them hurt. When I look at my situation and my family's situation and that of my country, I realize that things are getting steadily worse."[75] Fellow dissident and one of the founders of the Moscow Helsinki Group Lyudmila Alexeyeva wrote:
What would happen if citizens acted on the assumption that they have rights? If one person did it, he would become a martyr; if two people did it, they would be labeled an enemy organization; if thousands of people did it, the state would have to become less oppressive.[63]:275
According to Soviet dissident Victor Davydoff, totalitarian system has no mechanisms that could change the behavior of the ruling group from within.[76] Any attempts to change this are immediately suppressed through repression.[76] Dissidents appealed to international human rights organizations, foreign governments, and there was a result.[76]
Ver también
Anarchism in Russia
Anti-Leninism
Anti-Stalinist left
Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
Left communism
Samizdat
A Chronicle of Current Events
Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania
Dubravlag
Perm-36
They Chose Freedom (4 parts) – 2005 documentary by Vladimir Kara-Murza Jr.
Parallels, Events, People (36 parts) – 2013 documentary by Natella Boltyanskaya
Refusenik – 2007 documentary by Laura Bialis
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^ a b c"Appendix B. Imprisoned members of the Helsinki monitoring groups in the USSR and Lithuania". Implementation of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe: findings and recommendations seven years after Helsinki. Report submitted to the Congress of the United States by the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. November 1982. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1982. Archived from the original (PDF, immediate download) on 22 December 2015.
^Snyder, Sarah (2011). Human rights activism and the end of the Cold War: a transnational history of the Helsinki network. Human rights in history. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-1107645103.
^Zinkevych, Osyp (1993). "Ukrainian Helsinki Group". In Kubiĭovych, Volodymyr; Struk, Danylo (eds.). Encyclopedia of Ukraine. 5. University of Toronto Press. pp. 387–388. ISBN 978-0802030108.
^Daniel, Alexander (2002). Истоки и корни диссидентской активности в СССР [Sources and roots of dissident activity in the USSR]. Неприкосновенный запас [Emergency Ration] (in Russian). 1 (21).
^Horvath, Robert (2005). The legacy of Soviet dissent: dissidents, democratisation and radical nationalism in Russia. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 70–129. ISBN 978-0415333207.
^Thomas, Daniel (2001). The Helsinki effect: international norms, human rights, and the demise of communism. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691048581.
^A Chronicle of Current Events, No 2 (30 June 1968) – 2.4 Appeal by Crimean Tatars to World Public Opinion
^Natella Boltyanskaya (30 December 2013). Двадцать четвертая серия. История крымских татар [Part twenty four. History of the Crimean Tatars]. Voice of America (in Russian). Parallels, Events, People.
^ a b cGerlant, Uta (2010). ""The law is our only language": Soviet dissidents and human rights". Human rights and history: a challenge for education. Berlin: Stiftung "Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft". pp. 130–141. ISBN 978-3-9810631-9-6.
^ a b c d e f gAlexeyeva, Ludmilla (1987). Soviet dissent: contemporary movements for national, religious, and human rights. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-8195-6176-3.
^Azbel', Mark; Forbes, Grace (1981). Refusenik, trapped in the Soviet Union. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0395302262.
^ a b cCracraft, James; Rubenstein, Joshua (1988). "Dissent". The Soviet Union Today: An Interpretive Guide. pp. 64–75. ISBN 978-0-226-22628-6.
^Stratman, David (July 1975). "Political and lumpen prisoners, the question of compliance, and socioliterary investigation". Stanford Law Review. 27 (6): 1629–1641. doi:10.2307/1228187. JSTOR 1228187.
^Писатели-диссиденты: биобиблиографические статьи (начало) [Dissident writers: bibliographic articles (beginning)]. Новое литературное обозрение [New Literary Review] (in Russian) (66). 2004.
^Gregory, Paul (Spring 2009). "The ship of philosophers: how the early USSR dealt with dissident intellectuals". The Independent Review. 13 (4): 485–492.
^Thomas, Daniel (2001). The Helsinki effect: international norms, human rights, and the demise of Communism. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691048598.
^Mitchell, Nancy (2011). "The Cold War and Jimmy Carter". In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.). Volume III: Endings. The Cambridge History of the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 66–88. ISBN 978-0-521-83721-7.
^Foot, Rosemary (2011). "The Cold War and human rights". In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.). Volume III: Endings. The Cambridge History of the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 445–465. ISBN 978-0-521-83721-7.
^Altshuler, Stuart (2005). From exodus to freedom: a history of the Soviet Jewry movement. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 61. ISBN 978-0742549364.
^Lee, Gary (15 November 1988). "President receives Sakharov". The Washington Post.
^Edwards, Lee (2005). The essential Ronald Reagan: a profile in courage, justice, and wisdom. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 136. ISBN 978-0742543751.
^Hadden, Briton; Luce, Henry (1977). "The World". Time (109): 29.
^ a b cГальперович, Данила (21 October 2015). Для выхода "Хроники текущих событий" в России опять пришло время [Time is ripe again for issuing A Chronicle of Current Events in Russia] (in Russian). Voice of America.
Otras lecturas
Very long list
Outsiders' works
"Chomsky signs statement hitting Soviet repression". The Harvard Crimson. 31 October 1973.
Civil dissent in the USSR: the Ford and Carter administrations' treatment of human rights during the era of the Moscow Helsinki Group. University of Scranton. 2012.
De la dissidence à la démocratie: passé, présent, avenir de la Russie: actes du colloque consacré à la mémoire de Vladimir Maximov [From dissent to democracy: past, present and future of Russia: proceedings of a symposium dedicated to commemoration of Vladimir Maximov] (in French). Paris: Éditions du Rocher. 1996. ISBN 978-2268024301.
Dissenso cristiano in URSS [Christian dissent in the USSR] (in Italian). Bologna: Editrice Missionaria Italiana. 1974. OCLC 64387170.
Dissent, ethnonationalism, and the politics of coercion in the USSR. Carleton University. 1990.
"Dissent, psychiatry, and the Soviet Union". The Lancet. 1 (7854): 419–420. 9 March 1974. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)93195-x. PMID 11643587.
"Human rights: the dissidents v. Moscow". Time. 109 (8): 28. 21 February 1977.
Il dissenso culturale nell'URSS: documenti leterari edel samizdat [The cultural dissent in the USSR: literary documents of samizdat] (in Italian). La biennale di Venezia. 1977.
Politics and deviance: the social control of dissidents in the Soviet Union, 1965–78. University of Essex. 1980.
"Sakharov case spotlights Soviet efforts against dissidents". The Hour. 26 May 1984.
Slavophiles and westernizers in Soviet dissent. Wellesley College. 1975.
"Solzhenitsyn urges Slavic nation to replace U.S.S.R.: dissent: exiled writer launches a vehement attack on Gorbachev's policies. His article will be distributed widely in the Soviet Union". Los Angeles Times. 19 September 1990.
"Soviet Union: bad days for dissidents". Time. 26 April 1976.
"Soviet Union: crackdown on dissent". Time. 18 December 1972.
"Soviet Union: dissent = insanity". Time. 19 December 1969.
"Soviet Union: exile for dissenters". Time. 20 August 1973.
"Soviet Union: music of dissent". Time. 7 September 1970.
"Soviet Union: smothering dissent". Time. 11 February 1974.
Our Washington Correspondent (28 September 1973). "Soviet Union: support for dissent". Nature. 245 (5422): 178. Bibcode:1973Natur.245..178O. doi:10.1038/245178a0. S2CID 4099440.
"Soviet Union, the war: asylums or prisons?". Time. 7 February 1972.
The human rights movement and dissidents in the Soviet Union: can their demand for legality prevent arbitrariness?. University of Maine School of Law. 1985.
"The KGB file of Andrei Sakharov. Index of documents" (in English and Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-05-21.
"Two Soviet giants, in dissent". The New York Times. 29 September 1990.
U.S. policy toward Russia: warnings and dissent. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2000. ISBN 9780160605406.
Information, Reed Business (5 January 1978). "US science academy supports dissident scientists". New Scientist. 77 (1084): 3.
Information, Reed Business (6 March 1980). "Western pressure for Soviet dissidents continues". New Scientist. 85 (1197): 720.
Власть и диссиденты: Из документов КГБ и ЦК КПСС [Authority and dissidents: From documents by the KGB and the Central Committee of the CPSU] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Moscow Helsinki Group. 2006. ISBN 978-5-98440-034-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2013.
Писатели-диссиденты: биобиблиографические статьи (начало) [Dissident writers: bibliographic articles (beginning)]. Новое литературное обозрение [New Literary Review] (in Russian) (66). 2004.
Писатели-диссиденты: биобиблиографические статьи (продолжение) [Dissident writers: bibliographic articles (continuance)]. Новое литературное обозрение [New Literary Review] (in Russian) (67). 2004.
Писатели-диссиденты: биобиблиографические статьи (окончание) [Dissident writers: bibliographic articles (ending)]. Новое литературное обозрение [New Literary Review] (in Russian) (68). 2004.
П.Л. Капица и Ю.В. Андропов об инакомыслии [P.L. Kapitsa and Yu.V. Andropov about dissent]. Kommunist (in Russian) (7). 1991.
"Resistance to Unfreedom in the USSR". The Andrei Sakharov Museum and Public Center "Peace, Progress, Human Rights".
Ackerman, Galina (2006). Еще раз о диссидентах — об их роли в падении советского режима [Once again about dissidents – about their role in the fall of the Soviet regime]. Kontinent (in Russian) (128).
Adelstein, Robert (30 September 1976). "Soviet dissidents: keeping the flame alight". Nature. 263 (5576): 363–364. Bibcode:1976Natur.263..363A. doi:10.1038/263363a0. S2CID 4164699.
Anderson, Elena (1994). Repressive policies against Soviet dissent in the post-Stalin era, 1964–1972.
Antunes, Melo (1978). Libertà e socialismo: momenti storici del dissenso [Liberty and socialism: historical moments of dissent] (in Italian). Milan: SugarCo Ed. OCLC 256585424.
Aron, Leon (19 March 2008). "The return of Soviet dissidents". The Moscow Times.
Astrachan, Antony (22 September 1973). "Détente and dissent". The New Republic: 15–18.
Aucouturier, Michel (1981–1982). "Les revues de l'émigration et de la dissidence russes" [Magazines of emigration and Russian dissent]. Le Débat (in French). 9 (2): 72–79. doi:10.3917/deba.009.0072.
Barashkov, Gregory (2007). Диссидентское движение в СССР(1960–1970) [Dissident movement in the USSR (1960–1970)] (PDF, immediate download). Известия Саратовского университета. Серия Экономика. Управление. Право (in Russian). 7 (1): 102–104.
Barber, John (October 1997). "Opposition in Russia". Government and Opposition. 32 (4): 598–613. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00448.x.
Barghoorn, Frederick (1971). The general pattern of Soviet dissent. Research Institute on Communist Affairs, School of International Affairs, Columbia University.
Barghoorn, Frederick (1974). "Soviet dissenters on Soviet nationality policy". In Bell, Wendell; Freeman, Walter (eds.). Ethnicity and nation-building: comparative, international, and historical perspectives. Beverly Hills, London: Sage Publications. pp. 117–133. ISBN 978-0803901735.
Barghoorn, Frederick (1976). Détente and the democratic movement in the USSR. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0029018507.
Barghoorn, Frederick (1983). "Regime–dissenter relations after Khrushchev: some observations". In Solomon, Susan; Skilling, Harold (eds.). Pluralism in the Soviet Union. Macmillan. pp. 131–168. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06617-9_6. ISBN 978-0333345825.
Barghoorn, Frederick (Spring–Summer 1983). "Regime–dissenter confrontation in the USSR: samizdat and Western views, 1972–1982". Studies in Comparative Communism. 16 (1–2): 99–119. doi:10.1016/0039-3592(83)90046-7.
Barringer, Felicity (27 May 1988). "Toward the summit; Soviet warns Reagan about seeing dissidents". The New York Times.
Bartsch, Günter (August 1972). "Intellektuelle opposition in der Sowjetunion" [Intellectual opposition in the Soviet Union]. Politische Vierteljahresschrift (in German). 13 (1): 159–160. JSTOR 24195773.
Bengelsdorf, Herbert (May 1971). "Psychiatric commitment of dissenters in Russia: a myth?". American Journal of Psychiatry. 127 (11): 1575–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.127.11.1575. PMID 4251661.
Bennigsen, Alexandre (January 1978). "Muslim religious conservatism and dissent in the USSR". Religion in Communist Lands. 6 (3): 153–161. doi:10.1080/09637497808430874.
Bergman, Jay (January 1992). "Soviet dissidents on the Russian intelligentsia, 1956–1985: the search for a usable past". The Russian Review. 51 (1): 16–35. doi:10.2307/131244. JSTOR 131244.
Bergman, Jay (May 1998). "Reading fiction to understand the Soviet Union: Soviet dissidents on Orwell's 1984". History of European Ideas. 23 (5–6): 173–192. doi:10.1016/S0191-6599(98)00001-1.
Bergman, Jay (December 1998). "Was the Soviet Union totalitarian? The view of Soviet dissidents and the reformers of the Gorbachev era". Studies in East European Thought. 50 (4): 247–281. doi:10.1023/A:1008690818176. JSTOR 20099686. S2CID 140489617.
Bernstein, Richard (12 April 1988). "Exiled Soviet dissidents' group in dispute over threat to dissenters". The New York Times.
Beyrau, Dietrich (1993). Intelligenz und Dissens. Die russischen Bildungsschichten in der Sowjetunion 1917 bis 1985 [Intelligentsia and dissent. The Russian educational stratum in the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1985] (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3525362310.
Biddulph, Howard (September 1972). "Soviet intellectual dissent as a political counter-culture". The Western Political Quarterly. 25 (3): 522–533. doi:10.2307/446966. JSTOR 446966.
Bilinsky, Yaroslav (September 1983). "Russian dissidents and their attitudes toward the non‐Russian Nations: Russian dissidents' attitudes toward the political strivings of the non‐Russian nations in the Soviet Union". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 11 (2): 190–204. doi:10.1080/00905998308407967.
Bilocerkowycz, Jaroslaw (1988). Soviet Ukrainian dissent: a study of political alienation. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813372402.
Bird, Christopher (April 1972). ""Psychiatry" to silence dissent". The Russian Review. 31 (2): 175–178. doi:10.2307/128209. JSTOR 128209.
Bittner, Stephen (2008). "Dissidence and the end of the Thaw". The many lives of Khrushchev's Thaw: experience and memory in Moscow's Arbat. Cornell University Press. pp. 174–210. ISBN 978-0801446061.
Blake, Patricia (1 December 1980). "Soviet Union: killing the spirit of Helsinki". Time.
Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (21 July 1977). "Your disease is dissent!". New Scientist. 75 (1061): 149–151. PMID 11663776.
Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1977). Psychiatric terror: How Soviet psychiatry is used to suppress dissent. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465064885.
Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1985). "Psychiatrists and dissenters in the Soviet Union". In Stover, Eric; Nightingale, Elena (eds.). The breaking of bodies and minds: torture, psychiatric abuse, and the health professions. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 132–163. ISBN 978-0716717331.
Bloche, Gregg (Spring 1986). "Law, theory, and politics: the dilemma of Soviet psychiatry". The Yale Journal of International Law. 11 (2): 298–358.
Bociurkiw, Bohdan (April 1970). "Political dissent in the Soviet Union". Studies in Comparative Communism. 3 (2): 74–105. doi:10.1016/S0039-3592(70)80117-X.
Bociurkiw, Bohdan (July 1970). "Review: the voices of dissent and the visions of gloom". The Russian Review. 29 (3): 328–335. doi:10.2307/127541. JSTOR 127541.
Bonavia, David (October 1972). "Prospects for Soviet dissidents". The World Today. 28 (10): 451–457. JSTOR 40394564.
Boobbyer, Philip (October 2000). "Truth-telling, conscience and dissent in late Soviet Russia: evidence from oral histories". European History Quarterly. 30 (4): 553–585. doi:10.1177/026569140003000404. S2CID 143633044.
Boobbyer, Philip (2005). Conscience, dissent and reform in Soviet Russia. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415331869.
Bourdeaux, Michael (October 1969). "Dissent in the Russian Orthodox Church". The Russian Review. 28 (4): 416–427. doi:10.2307/127161. JSTOR 127161.
Brahm, Heinz (1978). Die sowjetischen Dissidenten: Strömungen und Ziele [The Soviet dissidents: trends and goals] (in German). Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien.
Breuillard, Sabine (1 January 1993). "La dissidence en U.R.S.S. : les années 1950–1980 – objet d'étude, sources, problèmes de méthode (Colloque de Moscou, 24–26 août 1992)" [Dissent in the U.S.S.R.: The 1950–1980s – object of study, sources, methodological problems (Moscow symposium, 24–26 August 1992)]. Revue des Études Slaves (in French). 65 (2): 423–428.
Brumberg, Abraham (1970). In quest of justice: protest and dissent in the Soviet Union today. New York: Praeger. ISBN 9780269671760.
Brumberg, Abraham (July 1974). "Dissent in Russia". Foreign Affairs. 52 (4): 781–798. doi:10.2307/20038087. JSTOR 20038087.
Brunsdale, Mitzi (1 October 1982). "Chronicling Soviet dissidence". Current History. 81 (477): 333–334.
Campa, Riccardo (1 July 1979). "El fenómeno de la disidencia en la U.R.S.S." [The phenomenon of dissent in the U.S.S.R.]. Arbor (in Spanish). 103 (403): 345.
Cattle, David (October 1970). "Dissent and stability in the Soviet Union". Current History. 59 (350): 220–225.
Chapple, Richard (February 1976). "Criminals and criminality according to the Soviet dissidents–works of Andrey Sinyavsky and Yuly Daniel". In Fox, Vernon (ed.). Proceedings of the 21st annual Southern conference on corrections. 21. Tallahassee: Florida State University. pp. 149–158.
Cherkasov, Petr (March 2005). "Dissidence at IMEMO". Russian Politics & Law. 43 (2): 31–69. doi:10.1080/10611940.2005.11066946. S2CID 146632891.
Chiama, Jean; Soulet, Jean-François (1982). Histoire de la dissidence: oppositions et révoltes en URSS et dans les démocraties populaires, de la mort de Staline à nos jours [History of dissent: oppositions and revolts in the USSR and the people's democracies, from the death of Stalin to the present day] (in French). Paris: Seuil. ISBN 9782020062572.
Chiampana, Andrea (July 2014). "Tra diritti umani e distensione: L'amministrazione Carter e il dissenso in Urss" [Between human rights and détente: the Carter administration and dissent in the USSR]. Cold War History (in Italian). 14 (3): 452–453. doi:10.1080/14682745.2014.917800. S2CID 154618162.
Chodoff, Paul (February 1974). "Involuntary hospitalization of political dissenters in the Soviet Union". Psychiatric Opinion. 11 (1): 5–19.
Chodoff, Paul (7 June 1974). "Soviet dissidents". Science. 184 (4141): 1030. Bibcode:1974Sci...184.1030C. doi:10.1126/science.184.4141.1030-a. JSTOR 1738392. PMID 17736179. S2CID 12983298.
Chodoff, Paul (May 1978). "Psychiatric terror: How Soviet psychiatry is used to suppress dissent". American Journal of Psychiatry. 135 (5): 629. doi:10.1176/ajp.135.5.629.
Chomsky, Noam (21 August 1969). "A reply to Joseph Alsop". The New York Review of Books.
Chomsky, Noam; Barsamian, David (1992). Chronicles of dissent: interviews with David Barsamian. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press. ISBN 978-1873176900.
Chung, Pham (March 1978). "On the behavior of a totalitarian regime toward dissidents: an economic analysis". Public Choice. 33 (1): 75–84. doi:10.1007/BF00123945. S2CID 189826006.
Ciuciura, Theodore (January 1979). "Dissent, law and psychiatry in the Soviet Union". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 21 (1): 98–108. doi:10.1080/00085006.1979.11091571. JSTOR 40867419. PMID 11614322.
Clementi, Marco (2002). Il diritto al dissenso: il progetto costituzionale di Andrej Sacharov [The right to dissent: Andrei Sakharov's constitutional project] (in Italian). Rome: Odradek Edizioni. ISBN 978-8886973441.
Clementi, Marco (2007). Storia del dissenso sovietico (1953–1991) [History of the Soviet dissent (1953–1991)] (in Italian). Rome: Odradek Edizioni. ISBN 978-8886973854.
Cline, Francis (28 March 1991). "Soviet opposition defies ban on rally". The New York Times.
Cline, Ray (1974). Understanding the Solzhenitsyn affair: dissent and its control in the USSR. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University. OCLC 02090746.
Contessi, Pier Luigi (January–February 1980). "URSS: il clamore del dissenso e il silenzio dell' opposizione" [USSR: the cry of dissent and the silence of the opposition]. Il Mulino (in Italian) (267): 149–158. doi:10.1402/14404.
Coogan, Kevin; Vanden Heuvel, Katrina (19 March 1988). "An internation story: U.S. fund for Soviet dissidents". The Nation. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016.
Crowfoot, John (October 2015). "The USSR's voice of opposition" (PDF). The World Today. 71 (5): 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2016.
Cox, Michael (January 1976). "The politics of the dissenting intellectual". Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory. 5 (1): 5–34. doi:10.1080/03017607508413163.
Cutler, Robert (October 1980). "Soviet dissent under Khrushchev: an analytical study". Comparative Politics. 13 (1): 15–35. doi:10.2307/421761. JSTOR 421761.
Dalos, György (2012). "Der Umgang mit dem Dissens" [Dealing with dissent]. Lebt wohl, Genossen!: Der Untergang des sowjetischen Imperiums [Farewell, comrades!: the fall of the Soviet empire] (in German). C.H.Beck. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-3406621796.
Daniels, Susan (1985). Carter administration's influence on coverage of Soviet dissidents. University of Texas at Austin.
Daucé, Françoise (2006). "Les usages militants de la mémoire dissidente en Russie post-soviétique" [Militant use of dissident memory in post-Soviet Russia]. Revue d'Études Comparatives Est-Ouest (in French). 37 (1): 43–66. doi:10.3406/receo.2006.1774.
De Boer, S. P.; Driessen, Evert; Verhaar, Hendrik (1982). Biographical dictionary of dissidents in the Soviet Union: 1956–1975. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9024725380.
Dean, Richard (January–March 1980). "Contacts with the West: the dissidents' view of Western support for the human rights movement in the Soviet Union". Universal Human Rights. 2 (1): 47–65. doi:10.2307/761802. JSTOR 761802.
Dean, Richard (1980–1981). "Beyond Helsinki: the Soviet view of human rights in international law". Virginia Journal of International Law. 21 (21): 55–95.
Dell'Asta, Marta (2003). Una via per incominciare: il dissenso in URSS dal 1917 al 1990 [One way to begin: dissent in the USSR from 1917 to 1990] (in Italian). Milan: La casa di Matriona. ISBN 978-8887240474.
Derbyshire, Ian (1987) [1986]. "Internal opposition: dissidence and regionalism". The politics in the Soviet Union: from Brezhnev to Gorbachev (2 ed.). Edinburgh: Chambers. pp. 113–136. ISBN 978-0550207456.
Deutscher, Tamara (1 March 1976). "Intellectual opposition in the USSR". New Left Review (96): 101–113.
Dobson, Mariam (Fall 2011). "The post-Stalin era: de-Stalinization, daily life, and dissent" (PDF). Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 12 (4): 905–924. doi:10.1353/kri.2011.0053. ISSN 1531-023X. S2CID 145121583.
Duncan, Peter (January 1982). "Russian intellectual dissent: Marxism, liberalism and nationalism". Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory. 13 (1): 154–163. doi:10.1080/03017608208413281.
Dupuy, Robert (1982). Repression and Soviet dissent: the post-Khrushchev era. George Washington University.
Ellis, Jane (December 1990). "Hierarchs and dissidents: conflict over the future of the Russian Orthodox Church". Religion in Communist Lands. 18 (4): 307–318. doi:10.1080/09637499008431484.
Ellman, Michael (1982). "Psychiatric treatment for political dissidents in the USSR". Poly Law Review. 7: 82.
Emerson, Susan (December 1982). "Writers who protest and protesters who write; a guide to Soviet dissent literature". Collection Building. 4 (1): 21–33. doi:10.1108/eb023073.
Evrard, John (Spring 1980). "Human rights in the Soviet Union: the policy of dissimulation". DePaul Law Review. 29 (3): 819–868.
Fedyashin, Anton; Kondoyanidi, Anita (October 2009). "The conservative dissident: the evolution of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's political views" (PDF). Revista de Instituciones, Ideas y Mercados (5): 41–72. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2014.
Feldbrugge, Ferdinand Joseph Maria (1973). "Law and political dissent in the Soviet Union". Current Legal Problems. 26 (1): 241–259. doi:10.1093/clp/26.1.241.
Feldbrugge, Ferdinand Joseph Maria (1975). Samizdat and political dissent in the Soviet Union. Brill. ISBN 978-9028601758.
Feldbrugge, Ferdinand Joseph Maria (Spring–Summer 1980). "The Soviet human rights doctrine in the crossfire between dissidents at home and critics abroad". Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 13: 451–466.
Field, Mark (January 1995). "Commitment for commitment or conviction for conviction: the medicalization and criminalization of Soviet dissidence, 1960–1990". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 22 (1): 275–289. doi:10.1163/187633295X00213.
Fireside, Harvey (January–March 1980). "The conceptualization of dissent: Soviet behavior in comparative perspective". Universal Human Rights. 2 (1): 31–45. doi:10.2307/761801. JSTOR 761801.
Fireside, Harvey (1 December 1989). "Dissident visions of the USSR: Medvedev, Sakharov & Solzhenitsyn". Polity. 22 (2): 213–229. doi:10.2307/3234832. JSTOR 3234832.
Fisher, Ruth (1989). "Women and dissent in the USSR: the Leningrad feminists". Canadian Woman Studies. 10 (4): 63–64.
Fletcher, William (June 1971). "Religious dissent in the USSR in the 1960s". Slavic Review. 30 (2): 298–316. doi:10.2307/2494242. JSTOR 2494242.
Fletcher, William (August 1972). "Solzhenitsyn and the merger of dissent" (PDF). Worldview. 15 (8): 5–8. doi:10.1017/S0084255900014467.
Floridi, Alessio (1976). Mosca e il Vaticano: I dissidenti sovietici di fronte al dialogo [Moscow and Vatican: The Soviet dissidents in front of dialog] (in Italian). Milan: La Casa di Matriona. OCLC 644586977.
Freebury, Ray (August 2011). "On dissidents and madness: from the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin". Psychiatric Services. 62 (8): 979. doi:10.1176/ps.62.8.pss6208_0979.
Friedberg, Maurice (April 1974). "Solzhenitsyn and the Soviet dissenters". The American Spectator: 12–13.
Gasimov, Zaur (2009). "Dissidence and opposition in the Caucasus: critics of the Soviet regime in Georgia and Azerbaijan in the 1970s – early 1980s" (PDF). The Caucasus & Globalization. 3 (1): 165–172. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2016.
Gauer, Ralph (November–December 1973). "Soviet dissent: its sources and significance". Air University Review. 25 (1): 45–53.
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Rubenstein, Joshua (1 September 1978). "The enduring voice of the Soviet dissidents". Columbia Journalism Review. 17 (3): 32–39.
Rubenstein, Joshua (1980). Soviet dissidents: their struggle for human rights. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0807032138.
Rudnytsky, Ivan (Fall 1981). "The political thought of Soviet Ukrainian dissent". Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 6 (2): 3.
Rutman, Roman (January 1973). "Jews and dissenters: connections and divergences". Soviet Jewish Affairs. 3 (2): 26–37. doi:10.1080/13501677308577163.
Rywkin, Michael (March 1981). "Dissent in Soviet Central Asia". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 9 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1080/00905998108407900.
Salter, Leonard (Fall 1978). "American lawyers and Russian dissidents: the lawyer as social engineer". The International Lawyer. 12 (12): 869–875. JSTOR 40706698.
Samatan, Marie (1980). Droits de l'homme et répression en URSS: l'appareil et les victimes [Human rights and repression in the USSR: mechanism and victims] (in French). Paris: Seuil. ISBN 978-2020057059.
Satter, David (12 February 1987). "A test case". The New York Review of Books.
Satter, David (30 April 2003). "Soviet dissent and the Cold War". Hoover Digest (2).
Saunders, George (1974). Samizdat: voices of the Soviet opposition. Pathfinder Press. ISBN 978-0873489140.
Savranskaya, Svetlana (2009). "Human rights movement in the USSR after the signing of the Helsinki Final Act, and the reaction of Soviet authorities". In Nuti, Leopoldo (ed.). The crisis of détente in Europe: from Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 26–40. ISBN 978-1134044986.
Schweitzer, Glenn (2013) [1989]. "Refuseniks, dissidents, and scientific exchanges". Techno-diplomacy: US-Soviet confrontations in science and technology (2 ed.). Springer. pp. 230–252. ISBN 978-1489960467.
Seleznev, Viktor (2009). Кто выбирает свободу. Саратов: Хроника инакомыслия. 1920–1980-е годы [Who chooses freedom. Saratov: Chronicle of dissent. The 1920s–1980s] (PDF) (in Russian). Saratov.
Serebryakova, Elena (2012). Мир глазами диссидента (по книге В. Буковского "И возвращается ветер…") [World through the eyes of a dissident (about the book of V. Bukovsky «The wind returns…»)] (PDF). Управленческое консультирование (in Russian) (4): 132–138. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2016.
Shanker, Thom (25 December 1986). "Free political dissidents, Sakharov tells Gorbachev". The Chicago Tribune.
Shanker, Thom; Moseley, Ray (31 May 1988). "Reagan keeps focus on rights. President holds talks with Soviet dissidents". The Chicago Tribune.
Sharlet, Robert (Autumn 1978). "Dissent and repression in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: changing patterns since Khrushchev". International Journal. 33 (4): 763–795. doi:10.2307/40201689. JSTOR 40201689.
Sharlet, Robert (1 October 1980). "Growing Soviet dissidence". Current History. 79 (459): 96–100.
Sharlet, Robert (1984). "Dissent and the "Contra-System" in the Soviet Union". Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science. 35 (3): 135–146. doi:10.2307/1174123. JSTOR 1174123.
Sharlet, Robert (October 1986). "Soviet dissent since Brezhnev". Current History. 85 (513): 321–324, 340.
Shatz, Marshall (1980). Soviet dissent in historical perspective. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521231725.
Shlapentokh, Dmitry (August 2005). "President Bush, Shcharansky and the tradition of Russian dissent". Contemporary Review. 287 (1675): 71–81.
Shirokorad, Alexander (2014). Диссиденты 1956–1990 гг. [Dissidents of 1956–1990] (in Russian). Moscow: Алгоритм. ISBN 978-5443807324.
Siegel, George (Spring 1964). "Voices in dissonance". The Slavic and East European Journal. 8 (1): 66–71. doi:10.2307/303978. JSTOR 303978.
Simirenko, Alex (November 1975). "A new type of Soviet resistance?". Society. 13 (1): 35–37. doi:10.1007/BF02699992. S2CID 144092795.
Simon, Gerhard (1974). Church, state, and opposition in the U.S.S.R. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520026124.
Sinatti, Piero (1974). Il dissenso in URSS [Dissent in the USSR] (in Italian). Rome: La nuova sinistra; Savelli.
Sinatti, Piero (1978). Il dissenso in Urss nell'epoca di Breznev: antologia della Cronaca degli avvenimenti correnti (documenti e interventi) [Dissent in the USSR in the era of Brezhnev: anthology of A Chronicle of Current Events (documents and interviews)] (in Italian). Firenze: Vallecchi.
Smith, Fred (Winter 1991). "Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn: dissidents with a different world view". The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies. 16 (4): 469–476.
Smith, Gordon (1988). "Dissent: political, ethnic, and religious". Soviet politics: continuity and contradiction. Macmillan Education. pp. 294–320. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-19172-7_13. ISBN 978-0333459195.
Solovyov, Vladimir; Klepikova, Elena (17 August 1987). "The Kremlin and dissidents: time for compromise". Chicago Tribune.
Spechler, Dina (1982). Permitted dissent in the USSR: Novy mir and the Soviet regime. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0030606212.
Spechler, Dina (1982). "Permitted dissent and Soviet politics: the case of Novyi Mir". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 9 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1163/187633282X00028.
Spiegel, Philip (2008). Triumph over tyranny: the heroic campaigns that saved 2,000,000 Soviet Jews. Devora Publishing. ISBN 978-1615849383.
Sun, Marjorie (8 October 1982). "Soviets clamp down on dissident groups". Science. 218 (4568): 139. Bibcode:1982Sci...218..139S. doi:10.1126/science.218.4568.139. PMID 17753431.
Surovtseva, Ekaterina (2014). А.И. Солженицын и А.Д. Сахаров: дискуссия вокруг "Письма вождям Советского Союза" и её восприятие в эмигрантской печати (М. Агурский) [A.I. Solzhenitsyn and A.D. Sakharov: the debate around "Letter to the Soviet leaders" and its perception in the emigre press (M. Agursky)] (PDF). Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики (in Russian). 9 (39, part 2): 159–161. Archived from the original (PDF, immediate download) on 6 March 2016.
Surovtseva, Ekaterina (2015). А.И. Солженицын, А.Д. Сахаров и Р. Медведев: дискуссия вокруг "Письма вождям Советского Союза" и её восприятие в эмигрантской печати (М. Агурский) [A.I. Solzhenitsyn, A.D. Sakharov and R. Medvedev: the debate around "Letter to the Soviet leaders" and its perception in the emigre press (M. Agursky)]. Молодой ученый (in Russian) (2): 608–613. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015.
Surrett, William (1987). Formalization and contemporary patterns and conditions of modern Soviet dissidence.
Suslensky, Yakov (September 1983). "The treatment of activities of Russian and non‐Russian dissidents by the Soviet regime: a comparative analysis". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 11 (2): 232–243. doi:10.1080/00905998308407969.
Sweeting, Stephen (Spring 2010). "Postmodern strategies of resistance: Solzhenitsyn and Havel". Journal of Integrated Studies. 1 (1): 1–10.
Szulc, Tad (Summer 1978). "Living with dissent". Foreign Policy (31): 180–191. doi:10.2307/1148152. JSTOR 1148152.
Tarnawsky, Ostap (Fall 1981). "Dissident poets in Ukraine". Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 6 (2): 17–27.
Tarnow, Alexander von (1976). La Russia del dissenso [Russia of dissent] (in Italian). Rome: Ciarrapico. ASIN B00RW46CO0.
Tikos, Laszlo (June 1973). "Dissent among non‐Russian writers of the U.S.S.R. — A philologist's analysis". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 1 (2): 10–16. doi:10.1080/00905997308407741.
Tökés, Rudolf (1975). Dissent in the USSR: politics, ideology, and people. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801816611.
Tonge, William (20 July 1974). "Psychiatry and political dissent". The Lancet. 304 (7873): 150–152. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91569-4. PMID 4135437.
Tria, Massimo (2011). "L'invasione vista dai sovietici, fra approvazione e dissenso" [The imaginative invasion of the Soviets, from approval to dissent]. In Caccamo, Francesco; Helan, Pavel; Tria, Massimo (eds.). Primavera di Praga, risveglio europeo [Prague Spring, European awakening] (in Italian). Firenze University Press. pp. 97–126. ISBN 978-8864532691.
Trigos, Ludmilla (2009). "The decembrists and dissidence: myth and anti-myth from the 1960s–1980s". The decembrist myth in Russian culture. Macmillan. pp. 141–160. doi:10.1057/9780230104716_7. ISBN 978-0230619166.
Ulam, Adam (1981). Russia's failed revolutions: from the decembrists to the dissidents. Littlehampton Book Services. ISBN 978-0297779407.
Vaissié, Cécile (1999). Pour votre liberté et pour la nôtre: le combat des dissidents de Russie [For your and our freedom: the struggle of Russian dissidents] (in French). Laffont. ISBN 978-2221090473.
Vaissié, Cécile (July–September 1999). ""La Chronique des évenements en cours". Une revue de la dissidence dans l'URSS brejnévienne" [A Chronicle of Current Events. A review of dissidence in the Brezhnev USSR]. Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'Histoire (in French) (63): 107–118. doi:10.2307/3770704. JSTOR 3770704.
Vaissié, Cécile (2000). Russie, une femme en dissidence : Larissa Bogoraz [Russia, a woman in dissent: Larisa Bogoraz] (in French). Plon. ISBN 978-2259191555.
Vaissié, Cécile (2011). "Le combat des dissidents de Russie en Occident" [The struggle of Russian dissidents in the West]. In Falkowski, Wojciech; Marès, Antoine (eds.). Les intellectuels en exil face aux régimes totalitaires [Intellectuals in exile deal with totalitarian regimes] (in French). Paris: Institut d'études slaves. pp. 143–155.
Vaissié, Cécile (2014). "Archiver les samizdats de la dissidence russe" [Archive of samizdat by the Russian dissent]. Écrire l'Histoire (in French) (13–14): 129–135. doi:10.4000/elh.487.
Vaissié, Cécile (2014). "'Black robe, golden epaulettes': from the Russian dissidents to Pussy Riot". Religion and Gender. 4 (2): 166–183. doi:10.18352/rg.9255.
Vardys, Stanley (September 1982). "The nature and philosophy of Baltic dissent: a comparative perspective". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 10 (2): 121–136. doi:10.1080/00905998208407936.
Vigdorova, Frida; Katz, Michael (2014). "The trial of Joseph Brodsky". New England Review. 34 (3–4): 183–207. doi:10.1353/ner.2014.0022. S2CID 153474011.
Voren, Robert van (2009). On dissidents and madness: from the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin. Amsterdam—New York: Rodopi Publishers. ISBN 978-90-420-2585-1.
Walsh, John (6 April 1973). "Soviet-American science accord: could dissent deter detente?". Science. 180 (4081): 40–43. Bibcode:1973Sci...180...40W. doi:10.1126/science.180.4081.40. JSTOR 1735290. PMID 17757967.
Weeks, Albert (1975). Andrei Sakharov and the Soviet dissidents: a critical commentary. Monarch Press. ISBN 978-0671009632.
Westrate, Mike (2012). "The self against the state: Valery Abramkin and the destruction of dissident identity" (PDF). Acta Slavica Iaponica. 31: 105‒121. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2016.
White, Sarah (25 June 1981). "New crackdown on Russian dissidents and refusniks". New Scientist. 90 (1259): 816.
White, Sarah (11 February 1982). "Science keeps the dissidents hoping". New Scientist. 93 (1292): 359.
Wilke, Manfred (2007). "Solschenizyn und der Westen" [Solzhenitsyn and the West]. In Veen, Hans-Joachim; Mählert, Ulrich; März, Peter (eds.). Wechselwirkungen Ost-West: Dissidenz, Opposition und Zivilgesellschaft 1975–1989 [East-West interactions: dissidence, opposition and civil society 1975–1989] (in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 149–172. ISBN 978-3412233068.
Willis, David (15 January 1981). "Currents of nationalism, dissent beneath crust of communist conformity". The Christian Science Monitor.
Windholz, George (November 1985). "Psychiatric commitments of religious dissenters in Tsarist and Soviet Russia: two case studies". Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 48 (4): 329–340. doi:10.1080/00332747.1985.11024294. PMID 3906732.
Woll, Josephine; Treml, Vladimir (1983). Soviet dissident literature: a critical guide. G.K. Hall. ISBN 978-0816186266.
Woychyshyn, Nestor (1986). Soviet Ukrainian political dissidents in the West: their politics, interaction, and impact after exile to the West, 1965–1983 (M.A.). Ottawa, Canada: Carleton University. doi:10.22215/etd/1986-01175.
Wynn, Allan (1987). Notes of a non-conspirator: working with Russian dissidents. London: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 978-0233981499.
Wynn, Allan; Dewhirst, Martin; Stone, Harold (1986). Fifth International Sakharov Hearing: Proceedings, April, 1985. Andre Deutsch. ISBN 978-0233980508.
Wyszomirskia, Margaret; Oleszczukb, Thomas; Smith, Theresa (March 1988). "Cultural dissent and defection: the case of Soviet nonconformist artists". Journal of Arts Management and Law. 18 (1): 44–62. doi:10.1080/07335113.1988.9942181.
Yakobson, Sergius; Allen, Robert (1968). Aspects of intellectual ferment and dissent in the Soviet Union prepared at the request of Senator Thomas J. Dodd for the Subcommittee to investigate the administration of the Internal Security Act and other internal security laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Publishing Office. OCLC 3330.
Yeo, Clayton (June 1975). "Psychiatry, the law and dissent in the Soviet Union". Review of the International Commission of Jurists (14): 34–41. PMID 11662196.
Zanchetta, Barbara (February 2012). "L'appuntamento mancato: la sinistra italiana e il dissenso nei regimi comunisti (1968–1989)" [The missed appointment: the Italian left and the dissent in the communist regimes (1968–1989)]. Cold War History (in Italian). 12 (1): 178–179. doi:10.1080/14682745.2012.655450. S2CID 153737719.
Zdravomyslov, Andrei (1995). "Диссидентское движение в свете социологии конфликта. А.Д. Сахаров" [Dissident movement in the light of sociology of conflict. A.D. Sakharov]. Социология конфликта. Россия на путях преодоления кризиса. Учебное пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений [Sociology of conflict. Russia on ways to overcome crisis. Textbook for students of higher educational institutions] (in Russian). Moscow: Аспект-пресс. pp. 264–267. ISBN 978-5756700091.
Zukerman, William (1964). Voice of dissent: Jewish problems, 1948–1961. Brookman Associates.
Zuzowski, Robert (December 1985). "The significance of dissent in the Soviet Union". Australian Outlook. 39 (3): 165–170. doi:10.1080/10357718508444890.
Zveteremich, Pietro (1983). Dissenso e no: esiste una letteratura "sovietica"?: estratto da Nuovi Annali della Facoltà di Magistero dell'Università di Messina [Dissent and no: does "Soviet" literature exist?: extract from New Annals of the Faculty of Education at the University of Messina] (in Italian). Editrice Herder.
Insiders' works
Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1977–1978). "The human rights movement in the USSR". Survey. 23 (4): 72–85.
Alekseeva, Liudmila (1980). The diversity of Soviet dissent: ideologies, goals and direction, 1965–1980.
Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1987) [1985]. Soviet dissent: contemporary movements for national, religious, and human rights (2 ed.). Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-6176-3.
Amalrik, Andrei (1982). Записки диссидента [Dissident's Notes] (in Russian). Ann Arbor: Ардис.
Amalrik, Andrei (1 March 1978). "Soviet dissidents and the American press: a reply". Columbia Journalism Review. 16 (6): 63.
Boukovsky, Vladimir (1995). Jugement à Moscou – un dissident dans les archives du Kremlin [Judgement in Moscow – a dissident in the Kremlin archives] (in French). Paris: Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-07460-2.
Brodsky, Joseph (19 September 1974). "An appeal for Vladimir Maramzin". The New York Review of Books.
Brodsky, Joseph (23 January 1975). "Victims". The New York Review of Books.
Brodsky, Joseph (5 March 1981). "Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899–1980)". The New York Review of Books.
Brodsky, Joseph (March 1992). "Poetry as a form of resistance to reality". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. 107 (2): 220–225. doi:10.2307/462635. JSTOR 462635.
Bukovsky, Vladimir (1978). To build a castle: my life as a dissenter (PDF). London: Andrei Deutsch. ISBN 978-0-233-97023-3.
Boukovsky, Vladimir (1971). Une nouvelle maladie mentale en URSS: l'opposition [A new mental illness in the USSR: the opposition] (in French). Paris: Le Seuil. ISBN 2020025272.
Bukowski, Wladimir (1971). UdSSR. Opposition. Eine neue Geisteskrankheit in der Sowjetunion? Eine Dokumentation von W. Bukowskij [The USSR. Opposition. A new mental illness in the Soviet Union? Documentation by V. Bukovsky] (in German). München: Carl Hanser Verlag. ISBN 3446115714.
Bukovskij, Vladimir (1972). Una nuova malattia mentale in Urss: l'opposizione [A new mental illness in the USSR: opposition] (in Italian). Milan: Etas Kompass.
Bukovsky, Vladimir (1972). Una nueva enfermedad mental en la U.R.S.S.: la oposición [A new mental illness in the USSR: opposition] (in Spanish). México: Lasser Press.
Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon (January–February 1975a). "Пособие по психиатрии для инакомыслящих" [A manual on psychiatry for dissidents] (PDF). Хроника защиты прав в СССР [Chronicle of defense of rights in the USSR] (in Russian) (13): 36–61. The work in Russian was also published in: Коротенко, Ада; Аликина, Наталия (2002). Советская психиатрия: Заблуждения и умысел. Киев: Издательство «Сфера». pp. 197–218. ISBN 978-966-7841-36-2. The work in English was published in: Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1977). Russia's political hospitals: the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Victor Gollancz Ltd. pp. 419–440. ISBN 978-0-575-02318-5.
Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon (Winter–Spring 1975b). "A manual on psychiatry for dissidents". Survey: A Journal of East and West Studies. 21 (1): 180–199.
Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon (1975c). A manual of psychiatry for political dissidents. London: Amnesty International. OCLC 872337790.
Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon (1975d). "A dissident's guide to psychiatry". A Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSR. New York: Kronika Press (13): 31–57.
Bukovskiĭ, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon (1975e). Håndbog i psykiatri for afvigere [A manual on psychiatry for dissidents] (in Danish). Göteborg: Samarbetsdynamik AB. ISBN 9185396001. OCLC 7551381.
Boukovsky, Vladimir; Glouzmann, Semion (September 1975). "Guide de psychiatrie pour les dissidents soviétiques: dédié à Lonia Pliouchtch, victime de la terreur psychiatrique" [Guide on psychiatry for Soviet dissidents: dedicated to Lyonya Plyushch, a victim of psychiatric terror]. Esprit (in French). 449 (9): 307–332. JSTOR 24263203.
Bukovskij, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semen; Leva, Marco (1979). Guida psichiatrica per dissidenti. Con esempi pratici e una lettera dal Gulag [Psychiatric guide for dissidents. With practical examples and a letter from the Gulag] (in Italian). Milan: L'erba voglio. ASIN B00E3B4JK4.
Bukowski, Wladimir; Gluzman, Semen (1976). "Psychiatrie-handbuch für dissidenten" [A manual on psychiatry for dissidents]. Samisdat. Stimmen aus dem "anderen Rußland" (in German). Bern (8): 29–48.
Bunyan, Gordon; Hurst, P.D. (April 1977). "Political opposition in the Soviet Union: are the dissidents really important?". Australian Outlook. 31 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1080/10357717708444592.
Chalidze, Valery (1976). Литературные дела КГБ: дела Суперфина, Эткинда, Хейфеца, Марамзина: в приложении — документы о советской цензуре [The literary cases of the KGB: the cases of Superfin, Etkind, Heifetz, Maramzin: there are documents about Soviet censorship in the application] (in Russian). New York: Хроника.
Chalidze, Valery (1 June 1977). "How important is Soviet dissent?". Commentary. 63 (6): 57.
Daniel, Alexander (2002). Истоки и корни диссидентской активности в СССР [Sources and roots of dissident activity in the USSR]. Неприкосновенный запас [Emergency Ration] (in Russian). 1 (21).
Daniel, Aleksander; Gluza, Zbigniew, eds. (2007). Słownik dysydentów. Czołowe postacie ruchów opozycyjnych w krajach komunistycznych w latach 1956–1989. Tom 1 [Dictionary of dissidents. The leading figures of the opposition movements in communist countries in 1956–1989. Volume 1] (in Polish). Warszaw: Karta. ISBN 978-8388288890.
Daniel, Aleksander; Gluza, Zbigniew, eds. (2007). Słownik dysydentów. Czołowe postacie ruchów opozycyjnych w krajach komunistycznych w latach 1956–1989. Tom 2 [Dictionary of dissidents. The leading figures of the opposition movements in communist countries in 1956–1989. Volume 2] (in Polish). Warszaw: Karta. ISBN 978-8388288845.
Etkind, Efim (1978). Notes of a non-conspirator. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192117397.
Etkind, Efim (1982) [1978]. Unblutige Hinrichtung. Warum ich die Sowjetunion verlassen musste [Bloodless execution. Why I had to leave the Soviet Union] (in German) (2 ed.). München: Piper Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3492023399.
Etkind, Efim (1988). Процесс Иосифа Бродского [The trial of Joseph Brodsky] (in Russian). London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd. ISBN 978-1870128704.
Galanskov, Youri (1982). Le manifeste humain précédé par les témoignages de Vladimir Boukovsky, Nathalia Gorbanevskaïa, Alexandre Guinzbourg, Edouard Kouznetsov [Human manifesto preceded by testimonies of Vladimir Bukovsky, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Alexander Ginzburg, Eduard Kuznetsov] (in French). Lausanne: Editions L'Age d'Homme. ISBN 978-2825109205.
Glazov, Yuri (June 1979). "The Soviet intelligentsia, dissidents and the West". Studies in Soviet Thought. 19 (4): 321–344. doi:10.1007/BF00832020. JSTOR 20098853. S2CID 140301241.
Gluzman, Semyon (2012). Рисунки по памяти, или воспоминания отсидента [Pictures drawn from memory, or the released dissident's memories] (in Russian). Kiev: Издательский дом Дмитрия Бураго. ISBN 978-9664891216.
Goricheva, Tatiana (1987). Talking about God is dangerous: the diary of a Russian dissident. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0824507985.
Grigoryants, Sergei (23 February 1988). "Soviet psychiatric prisoners" (PDF). The New York Times. p. A31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2011.
Grigoryants, Sergei (January 1989). "Camps with guards in white gowns: thousands of Mengeles, millions of victims". Glasnost (16–18): 34–35.
Isajiw, Christina (2013). Negotiating human rights: in defence of dissidents during the Soviet era: a memoir. University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-1894865333.
Kaminskaya, Dina (1982). Final judgment: my life as a Soviet defense attorney. Translated by Michael Glenny. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671247393.
Koryagin, Anatoly (March 1989). "The involvement of Soviet psychiatry in the persecution of dissenters". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 154 (3): 336–340. doi:10.1192/bjp.154.3.336. PMID 2597834.
Levich, Yevgeny (1976). "Soviet dissidents: trying to keep in touch". Nature. 263 (5576): 366–367. Bibcode:1976Natur.263..366L. doi:10.1038/263366a0. S2CID 4220291.
Lewis, Anthony (20 September 1985). "Soviet crackdown on dissidents shows paranoia, not confidence". Spokane Chronicle. p. 14.
Litvinov, Pavel (1969). Dear Comrade: Pavel Litvinov and the voices of Soviet citizens in dissent. Pitman Publishing Corporation. ASIN B000O05GKK.
Litvinov, Pavel (March 1975). "The human rights movement in the USSR". Index on Censorship. 4 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1080/03064227508532389. S2CID 146906418.
Litvinov, Pavel (Winter 1980). "Momentary enthusiasms don't help – only persistence will secure human rights gains". Jurimetrics. 21 (2): 135–142. JSTOR 29761738.
Lubarsky, Cronid (1979). Soziale Basis und Umfang des sowjetischen Dissidententums [Social basis and scope of Soviet dissidence] (in German). Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien.
Lubarsky, Cronid (1979). "Social basis and scope of Soviet dissidence". Osteuropa. 29 (11): 923–935.
Lubarsky, Cronid (May 1988). "The human rights movement and perestroika". Index on Censorship. 17 (5): 16–20. doi:10.1080/03064228808534412. S2CID 145697936.
Mal'cev, Jurij (2015). "I dissidenti sovietici in Italia" [The Soviet dissidents in Italy]. Enthymema (in Italian). 0 (12): 155–159. doi:10.13130/2037-2426/4951.
Mal'cev, Jurij (2015). "I dissidenti sovietici in Italia" Советские диссиденты в Италии [The Soviet dissidents in Italy]. Enthymema (in Russian). 0 (12): 156–160. doi:10.13130/2037-2426/4951.
Medvedev, Roy (March 1979). "The future of Soviet dissent". Index on Censorship. 8 (2): 25–31. doi:10.1080/03064227908532898. S2CID 144007468.
Medvedev, Roy (1 January 1984). "Andropov and the dissidents: the internal atmosphere under the new Soviet leadership". Dissent. 31 (1): 97–102.
Medvedev, Roy (2 July 1997). "Russia still needs dissidents to defend rights". The Moscow Times.
Medvedev, Roy; Vladimov, Georgi (May 1979). "Controversy: dissent among dissidents". Index on Censorship. 8 (3): 33–37. doi:10.1080/03064227908532924. S2CID 147185209.
Medvedev, Roy; Medvedev, Zhores (1976). "Krushchev's secret speech". Australian Left Review. 1 (52): 34–37.
Medvedev, Roy; Ostellino, Piero (1980). On Soviet dissent. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231048125.
Medvedev, Zhores (21 February 1976). "The defeat of Russian dissent". The Spectator: 8–9.
Medvedev, Zhores (4 November 1976). "Two decades off dissidence". New Scientist. 72 (1025): 264–267.
Orlov, Yuri (1988). "The Soviet Union, human rights, and national security". In Corillon, Carol (ed.). Science and human rights. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. pp. 62–67.
Mihajlov, Mihajlo (September 2006). "Appointment with destiny: a dissident's tale". Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 18 (1/2): 113–120. doi:10.5840/jis2006181/26.
Navrozov, Lev (1 November 1973). "On Soviet dissidence". Commentary. 56 (5): 31–36.
Plyushch, Leonid; Mikhaylov, Mikhaylo; Belotserkovsky, Vadim; Elberfeld, Yan; Andreev, Herman; Vishnevskaya, Yuliya; Yanov, Alexander; Levitin-Krasnov, Anatoly; Etkind, Efim; Kushev, Yevgeny (1976). Democraticeskij Alternativi von Vadim Belocerkovskij - 978-3-88103-070-0 СССР. Демократические альтернативы: сборник статей и документов [USSR. Democratic alternatives: a collection of articles and documents] (in Russian). Achberg. ISBN 978-3881030700. OCLC 3953394.
Plyushch, Leonid; Khodorovich, Tatyana (1979). History's carnival: a dissident's autobiography. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0151416141.
Podrabinek, Alexander (2014). Диссиденты [Dissidents] (in Russian). Moscow: АСТ. ISBN 978-5170824014.
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Sakharov, Andrei (Fall 1978). "The human rights movement in the USSR and Eastern Europe: its goals, significance, and difficulties". Trialogue (19): 4–7, 26–27.
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Trotsky, Leon (1922). Dictatorship vs. democracy (terrorism and communism): a reply to Karl Kautsky by Leon Trotsky (PDF). New York City: Workers party of America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
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Material audiovisual
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Альфавит инакомыслия [Alphabet of dissent] (in Russian). Radio Liberty.
Natella Boltyanskaya (16 March 2016). "Episode One – Dissidents: Who are they?". Voice of America. Parallels, Events, People.
Natella Boltyanskaya (16 March 2016). "Episode Two – Dissidents: What did they want?". Voice of America. Parallels, Events, People.
Лошак, Андрей (3 September 2013). Анатомия процесса [The anatomy of a trial (video of the documentary)] (in Russian). Dozhd.
Певзнер, Гелия (2016-05-31). Сергей Ковалев: "Голоса мудрецов — ничтожная доля процента" [Sergei Kovalev: Voices of sages is a tiny fraction of percent] (in Russian). Radio France Internationale.
Подрабинек, Александр (31 May 2014). Военная экспансия и репрессии [Military expansion and repression] (in Russian). Radio Liberty.
Vladimir V. Kara-Murza (22 August 2013). "They Chose Freedom: The Story of Soviet Dissidents (The documentary in English available to watch online)". Institute of Modern Russia.
The history of the MHG and human rights movement, in Russian, 53 min on YouTube
Václav Havel and Soviet Dissidents, 8 min on YouTube
"Nonconformism and Dissent in the Soviet Bloc: Guiding Legacy or Passing Memory?". Harriman Institute, Columbia University. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2016.