The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson es un programa de entrevistas nocturno estadounidensepresentado por Johnny Carson bajo lafranquicia Tonight Show que se transmitió por NBC desde el 1 de octubre de 1962 hasta el 22 de mayo de 1992. [1]
El programa de esta noche protagonizado por Johnny Carson | |
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También conocido como |
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Género | Charla nocturna / Variedad |
Creado por | |
Escrito por |
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Presentado por | Johnny Carson |
Narrado por | Ed McMahon |
Compositor de música temática | Paul Anka |
Tema principal | " Tema de Johnny " |
País de origen | Estados Unidos |
Idioma original | inglés |
No. de temporadas | 29 |
No. de episodios | 6.714 ( lista de episodios ) |
Producción | |
Productores | |
Ubicaciones de producción |
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Configuración de la cámara | Multicámara |
Tiempo de ejecución | 47–105 minutos |
Distribuidor | Grupo de entretenimiento Carson |
Lanzamiento | |
Red original | NBC |
Formato de imagen | Color |
Lanzamiento original | De octubre de 1, 1962 - 22 de de mayo de, de 1992 |
Cronología | |
Precedido por | Esta noche protagonizada por Jack Paar |
Seguido por | El programa de esta noche con Jay Leno |
Programas relacionados | Clásicos de la comedia de Carson |
enlaces externos | |
Sitio web |
Originalmente se emitió durante la noche . Durante su primera década, The Tonight Show de Johnny Carson se basó en 30 Rockefeller Plaza , Ciudad de Nueva York, con algunos episodios grabados en los estudios de la Costa Oeste de NBC en Burbank, California ; el 1 de mayo de 1972, el espectáculo se trasladó a Burbank como su sede principal y permaneció allí exclusivamente después de mayo de 1973 hasta la jubilación de Carson. [2] En 2002, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson obtuvo el lugar número 12 en la Guía de TV ' s 50 programas de televisión de todos los tiempos , [3] y en 2013 se obtuvo el lugar número 22 en su lista de 60 Mejor Serie. [4]
Formato
Tonight Show de Johnny Carson estableció el formato moderno del programa de entrevistas nocturno: [5] un monólogo salpicado de una serie rápida de 16 a 22 frases ingeniosas (Carson tenía una regla de no más de tres sobre el mismo tema) fue seguido por un sketch de comedia , luego pasó a entrevistas con invitados y actuaciones de músicos y comediantes . Durante los primeros años del mandato de Carson, entre sus invitados se encontraban políticos como el exvicepresidente de EE. UU. (Y futuro presidente de EE. UU.) Richard M. Nixon , el ex fiscal general de EE. UU. Robert F. Kennedy y el vicepresidente Hubert Humphrey , pero en 1970, Carson principalmente entrevistó como invitados a personas que tenían un libro, una película, un programa de televisión o una representación teatral que promover. Otros clientes habituales fueron seleccionados por su valor de entretenimiento o información, en contraste con los que ofrecían una conversación más cerebral; [6] Carson se negó a hablar de política en The Tonight Show por temor a que pudiera alienar a su audiencia. [7]
Su preferencia por el acceso a las estrellas de Hollywood provocó el traslado del programa a la costa oeste el 1 de mayo de 1972; The Tonight Show no regresaría a Nueva York hasta 2014, cuando Jimmy Fallon tomó las riendas del anfitrión. [8] Cuando se les preguntó acerca de la conversación intelectual en The Tonight Show , Carson y su equipo invariablemente citaron a " Carl Sagan , Paul Ehrlich , Margaret Mead , Gore Vidal , Shana Alexander , Madalyn Murray O'Hair " como invitados; [6] un crítico de televisión declaró, sin embargo, "siempre los presentaba como si fueran espinacas para su dieta cuando lo hacía [presentaba esos nombres]". [9] El terapeuta familiar Carlfred Broderick apareció en el programa diez veces, [10] y la psicóloga Joyce Brothers fue uno de los invitados más frecuentes de Carson. Carson, en general, no presentó actos de comedia de utilería (Carson no era reacio a usar la comedia de utilería él mismo); tales actos, con Gallagher como un ejemplo destacado, aparecían más comúnmente cuando los anfitriones invitados dirigían el programa. [11]
Carson casi nunca socializaba con los invitados antes o después del espectáculo; El entrevistado frecuente Orson Welles recordó que los empleados de Tonight Show estaban asombrados cuando Carson visitó el camerino de Welles para saludar antes de un show. A diferencia de sus homólogos paternalistas Merv Griffin , Mike Douglas y Dick Cavett , Carson era un presentador comparativamente "genial" que sólo se reía cuando se divertía genuinamente y cortaba abruptamente a los entrevistados monótonos o vergonzosamente ineptos. Mort Sahl recordó: “El productor se agacha justo fuera de la cámara y muestra una tarjeta que dice: 'Ir al comercial'. Así que Carson va a un comercial y todo el equipo se apresura a subir a su escritorio para discutir lo que salió mal, como una parada en boxes en Le Mans ". El actor Robert Blake comparó una vez ser entrevistado por Carson con "enfrentarse al escuadrón de la muerte" o "Broadway en la noche del estreno". Sin embargo, el valor publicitario de aparecer en The Tonight Show fue tan grande que la mayoría de los invitados estaban dispuestos a correr el riesgo. [6]
Mostrar clientes habituales
Ed McMahon
El locutor de la serie y compañero de Carson fue Ed McMahon , quien desde el primer programa presentaría a Carson con un prolongado "¡Johnny de Heeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeere!" (algo que McMahon se inspiró en hacer por la forma exagerada en que había presentado al reportero Robert Pierpoint en el programa Monitor de NBC Radio Network ). El eslogan se escuchó todas las noches durante 30 años y ocupó el primer lugar en la encuesta de TV Land de frases y citas de la televisión estadounidense en 2006; [12] ha sido referenciado en todos los medios, desde The Shining hasta Johnny Bravo y un álbum de "Weird Al" Yankovic ; incluso se usó para el personaje de Johnny Cage en la serie de videojuegos Mortal Kombat .
McMahon, quien tuvo el mismo papel en el programa de concursos ABC de Carson, Who Do You Trust? durante cinco años antes, permanecía de pie a un lado mientras Carson hacía su monólogo, riéndose (a veces obsequiosamente) de sus bromas, y luego se unía a él en la silla de invitados cuando Carson se trasladaba a su escritorio. Los dos generalmente interactuarían en un lugar cómico por un corto tiempo antes de que se presentara al primer invitado.
McMahon declaró en un perfil de Carson de 1978 en The New Yorker que "el 'Tonight Show' es mi dieta básica, mi carne y papas; soy lo suficientemente realista como para saber que todo lo demás proviene de eso". Después de un incidente de 1965 en el que arruinó la broma de Carson en el aire, McMahon tuvo cuidado de, como dijo, "nunca ir adonde va [Carson]". [6] Escribió en su autobiografía de 1998 :
Mi papel en el programa nunca se definió estrictamente. Hice lo que tenía que hacerse cuando tenía que hacerse. Estuve allí cuando él me necesitó, y cuando no lo hizo, me moví hacia el sofá y me quedé en silencio. ... Hice el calentamiento de la audiencia , hice comerciales, durante un breve período fui coanfitrión de los primeros quince minutos del espectáculo ..., y actué en muchos sketches . En nuestro programa del decimotercer aniversario, Johnny y yo estábamos hablando en su escritorio y él dijo: "Trece años es mucho tiempo". Hizo una pausa lo suficiente para que yo reconociera mi señal, así que le pregunté: "¿Cuánto tiempo dura?" "Es por eso que estás aquí", dijo, probablemente resumiendo perfectamente mi papel principal en el programa ... Tuve que apoyarlo, tuve que ayudarlo a llegar al chiste , pero mientras lo hacía tenía que hacer parece como si no estuviera haciendo nada en absoluto. Cuanto mejor lo hacía, menos parecía como si lo estuviera haciendo ... Si iba a tocar el segundo violín , quería ser el Heifetz de los segundos violinistas ... Lo más difícil de aprender para mí cómo hacerlo era simplemente sentarme ahí con la boca cerrada. Muchas noches escuchaba a Johnny y en mi mente llegaba a la misma improvisación tal y como él lo decía. Tendría que morderme la lengua para no decirlo en voz alta. Tenía que asegurarme de que no era demasiado gracioso, aunque los críticos que vieron algunas de mis otras actuaciones dirán que no tenía por qué preocuparme. Si me reía demasiado, no estaba haciendo mi trabajo; mi trabajo era formar parte de un equipo que generaba las risas. [13]
Líderes de banda y otros
The Tonight Show tuvo una gran banda en vivo durante casi toda su existencia. La orquesta de la NBC durante el reinado de Carson fue dirigida originalmente por Skitch Henderson (quien anteriormente había dirigido la banda durante Tonight Starring Steve Allen ), seguida brevemente por Milton DeLugg . A partir de 1967 y hasta que Jay Leno se hizo cargo, la banda estaba dirigida por Doc Severinsen , con Tommy Newsom reemplazándolo cuando él estaba ausente o reemplazando a McMahon como locutor (esto generalmente sucedía cuando un presentador invitado sustituía a Carson, que generalmente también le dio a McMahon la noche libre). El tema musical instrumental de la serie , " Johnny's Theme ", fue un arreglo de la composición de Paul Anka "Toot Sweet", que Anka y Annette Funicello habían grabado por separado, con letra, como "It's Really Love". [14] Durante los shows cuando Newsom reemplazó a Severinsen, la banda tocó una versión ligeramente truncada del tema que pasó del puente a la frase final sin repetir las primeras notas de la melodía principal. La NBC Orchestra fue la última orquesta de estudio interna que actuó en la televisión estadounidense.
Detrás de escena, el director / productor cinematográfico Fred de Cordova se unió a The Tonight Show en 1970 como productor, y se graduó como productor ejecutivo en 1984. A diferencia de muchas personas de su posición, de Cordova a menudo aparecía en el programa, bromeando con Carson desde su silla. -cámara (aunque ocasionalmente una cámara apuntaba en su dirección).
Segmentos y parodias recurrentes
Caracteres
- Carnac el Magnífico , en la que Carson interpretó a un psíquico que adivinó clarividentemente la respuesta a una pregunta contenida en un sobre sellado. Hasta cierto punto, se trataba de una variación delesbozo recurrente de "El hombre de las preguntas" de Steve Allen . La respuesta siempre fue un juego de palabras escandaloso. Ejemplos de "Carnac":
- " Debate " ... "¿Qué usas para pescar?"
- " Baja " ... "¿Qué sonido hace una oveja cuando se ríe?"
- " Ben-Gay " ... "¿Por qué la Sra. Franklin no tuvo hijos?"
- " Una barra de pan, una jarra de vino, y tú " ... "Nombra tres cosas que tienen levadura".
- " Noche de los Tres Perros " ... "¿Qué es una mala noche para un árbol?"
- " Mount Baldy " ... "¿Qué hizo la esposa de Yul Brynner en su noche de bodas?"
- " Sis boom bah " ... "Describe el sonido que se hace cuando explota una oveja ". (El favorito personal de Ed McMahon) [15]
Si la risa se quedaba corta cuando una línea bombardeaba (como sucedía a menudo), "Carnac" se enfrentaba a la audiencia con fingida seriedad y lanzaba una maldición cómica: "¡Que un yak enfermo se haga amigo de tu hermana!" o "¡Que un santo rabioso bendiga tus regiones inferiores con una herramienta eléctrica!"
- " Floyd R. Turbo ", un tonto que responde a un editorial de una estación de televisión. Floyd siempre hablaba con vacilación, como si estuviera leyendo de tarjetas de referencia, y criticaba algún tema de interés periodístico, como el Día de las Secretarias: "Esto plantea la pregunta: ¡Besa mi dictáfono!"
- "Art Fern ", el presentador de un programa de "Tea Time Movie" que hablaba rápido, que anunciaba productos estúpidos, con la ayuda de la atractiva Matinee Lady, interpretada por Paula Prentiss (finales de la década de 1960), Carol Wayne (la Matinee Lady más conocida, 1971 –81, 1984), Danuta Wesley (1982) y Teresa Ganzel (1984–92). Las películas falsas que Art presentaba por lo general tenían elencos eclécticos ("Ben Blue, Red Buttons, Jesse White y Karen Black") y títulos sin sentido ("Rin-Tin-Tin se arregla, se arregla, se arregla"). A esto le seguiría un clip de película de cuatro segundos antes de volver para otro comercial, generalmente capturando a Art y Matinee Lady en una posición muy comprometedora.Al dar indicaciones para llegar a una tienda falsa que estaba promocionando, Fern mostraba un mapa de carreteras parecido a un espagueti, a veces con una "bifurcación en el camino" literal, otras veces haciendo la broma, "Ve a Slauson Cutoff ... " y la audiencia recitaba con él, "... ¡corta tu Slauson!" El personaje se llamaba anteriormente "Honest Bernie Schlock" y luego "Ralph Willie" cuando los bocetos de Tea Time se emitieron por primera vez a mediados o finales de la década de 1960. Al menos un boceto sobreviviente de Art Fern anterior a 1972 que se originó en Nueva York tenía el título de programa de películas como "The Big Flick", una amalgama de dos títulos de programas de películas en uso en ese momento por la estación de Nueva York WOR-TV , The Big Preview. y The Flick . En ese boceto, Lee Meredith era la dama matiné. Carson's Comedy Classics presenta un episodio en el que Juliet Prowse interpreta el papel de Matinee Lady, del 20 de agosto de 1971.
- "Tía Blabby ", una anciana cuya apariencia y patrón de habla tenían más que un parecido pasajero con el personaje del comediante Jonathan Winters "Maude Frickert". Un tema frecuente sería que McMahon mencionara una palabra o frase que podría sugerir la muerte, como en "¿Qué atracciones turísticas visitó?", A lo que la tía Blabby respondía: "¡Nunca digas que te vayas a ver a una persona mayor!"
- "El Mouldo ", misterioso mentalista. Anunciaba alguna hazaña de mente sobre materia y siempre fallaba, aunque gritaba triunfalmente "¡El Mouldo lo ha vuelto a hacer!" Ed McMahon se opondría al señalar el fracaso de El Mouldo. "¿Fallé antes?" preguntó El Mouldo. "¡Sí!", Respondió McMahon, a lo que El Mouldo respondió: "¡Bueno, lo he vuelto a hacer!". El Mouldo era en gran parte una continuación del personaje mentalista de Carson, Dillinger, que había interpretado en The Johnny Carson Show en 1955 en CBS-TV ; Dillinger fue una parodia obvia de Dunninger , lo que dio lugar a quejas y amenazas de demandas contra Carson y CBS.
- "David Howitzer , Consumer Supporter ", una sátira apenas velada del reportero de consumidores David Horowitz . Los segmentos de Howitzer (en un raro ejemplo de comedia de utilería para el programa) por lo general presentaban supuestos bienes de consumo falsificados (generalmente accesorios de mordaza) que empresas de venta por correo sin escrúpulos habían enviado a sus espectadores desprevenidos (por ejemplo, una mujer que gastó miles de dólares en una película oriental alfombra recibió un tupé barato hecho en Taiwán).
- " Ronald Reagan ". Durante el mandato del presidente Reagan, Carson desarrolló una personificación del presidente que se presentaba regularmente en un segmento de Mighty Carson Art Players. [16] Carson también hizo una personificación menos memorable de Jimmy Carter durante su mandato como presidente.
Bits
- "Stump the Band ", donde los miembros de la audiencia del estudio le piden a la banda que intente tocar canciones oscuras con solo el título. A diferencia de cuando se hizo esta rutina durante los años de Jack Paar con la banda de Jose Melis , la banda de Severinsen casi nunca conoció la canción, pero eso no les impidió inventar una en el acto. Ejemplo:
- Solicitud del huésped: " My Dead Dog Rover "
- Doc Severinsen, cantando: "¡Mi perro muerto Rover / yacía bajo el sol / y se quedó allí todo el verano / hasta que terminó!"
- David Letterman revivió esto un poco más tarde, junto con la CBS Orchestra en su Late Show .
- "The Mighty Carson Art Players", [16] (según el punto de vista de cada uno, el nombre era un tributo obvio o una estafa de los Mighty Allen Art Players de la leyenda de la radio Fred Allen ). Si bien el programa de Carson era principalmente un programa de entrevistas, con presentaciones de invitados, periódicamente Carson y un grupo de artistas de valores representaban parodias que falsificaban noticias, películas, programas de televisión, comerciales y eventos pasados. La aparición de Mighty Carson Art Players generalmente se anunciaba junto con los invitados de esa noche durante la presentación de McMahon.
- Ejemplo: Johnny, vestido de médico, comienza a hablar sobre algún tema íntimo (como en el anuncio real) y luego recibe pasteles de crema de varias direcciones a la vez.
- "The Edge of Wetness ", en la que Johnny leía resúmenes humorísticos de la trama de una telenovela ficticia (como The Edge of Night ) mientras la cámara elegía al azar a un espectador desprevenido que, según Carson, era, por ejemplo, el mayordomo de la telenovela. .
- " Headlines " , desarrollado por Jay Leno , y visto solo durante las noches cuando fue anfitrión invitado a partir de 1986, incluía historias humorísticas y errores tipográficos de recortes de periódicos. Esto continuó cuando Leno se convirtió en anfitrión permanente en 1992.
- "¿Cómo ___ estuvo? ", Una llamada y respuesta recurrente durante los monólogos de Carson. Carson preparaba la broma con un comentario de pasada sobre, por ejemplo, el clima con la frase "Hacía tanto calor ...", lo que incitaba a la audiencia a responder "¿CUÁN CALIENTE ESTABA?" Carson seguía entonces con varios chiste (por ejemplo, "Escuché a Burger King cantar, '¡ Si quieres que se haga a tu manera , cocínalo tú mismo!'"). Carson ocasionalmente confundía a la audiencia con un anti-broma (como "valió la pena el viaje, ¿no?").
Historial de programación
- 1 de octubre de 1962 - 30 de diciembre de 1966: de lunes a viernes de 11:15 p. M. A 1:00 a. M.
La última aparición de Jack Paar fue el 29 de marzo de 1962 y debido al compromiso de Carson con el programa de juegos de ABC Who Do You Trust? , no pudo hacerse cargo hasta el 1 de octubre (el día en que expiró su contrato con ABC). Sus primeros invitados fueron Rudy Vallée , Tony Bennett , Mel Brooks y Joan Crawford . [17] Carson heredó de Paar un espectáculo que duró 1 3/4 horas (105 minutos). [6] El programa transmitió dos aperturas, una a partir de las 11:15 pm e incluyendo el monólogo, la otra que enumeró a los invitados y volvió a anunciar al anfitrión, comenzando a las 11:30. Las dos aperturas dieron a los afiliados la opción de proyectar un noticiero local de quince o treinta minutos antes de Carson. Desde 1959, el programa había sido grabado en video el mismo día de transmisión.
A medida que más afiliados presentaban treinta minutos de noticias locales, menos personas veían el monólogo de Carson. Para rectificar esta situación, Ed McMahon y Skitch Henderson copresentaron los primeros quince minutos del programa entre febrero de 1965 y diciembre de 1966 sin Carson, quien luego asumió el cargo a las 11:30. Finalmente, debido a que quería que el programa comenzara cuando él entró, a principios de enero de 1967 Carson insistió en que se eliminara el segmento de las 11:15 (que, según afirmó en un monólogo en ese momento, "nadie vio realmente, excepto las Fuerzas Armadas y cuatro navajos en Gallup, Nuevo México "). [18]
- January 1965 – September 1966: Saturday or Sunday 11:15–1:00 a.m. (reruns, initially billed as The Saturday Tonight Show)
- September 1966 – September 1975: Saturday or Sunday 11:30–1:00 a.m. (reruns, now identified as The Saturday/Sunday Tonight Show; The Weekend Tonight Show by 1973)
- January 2, 1967 – September 12, 1980: Monday–Friday 11:30 p.m.–1:00 a.m.
By the mid-1970s Tonight was the most profitable show on television, making NBC $50 to $60 million ($200 to $240 million in 2020) each year.[6] Carson influenced the scheduling of reruns (which typically aired under the title The Best of Carson) in the mid-1970s and, in 1980, the length of each evening's broadcast, by threatening NBC with, in the first case, moving to another network, and in the latter, retiring altogether.
In order to work fewer days each week, Carson began to petition network executives in 1974 that reruns on the weekends be discontinued, in favor of showing them on one or more nights during the week.[19] In response to his demands, NBC created a new comedy/variety series to feed to affiliates on Saturday nights that debuted in October 1975, Saturday Night Live.
In 1980, Carson renewed his contract with the stipulation that the show lose its last half-hour. On the last 90-minute show (September 12, 1980), Carson explained that by going to an hour, the show would feel more fast-paced, and have a greater selection of guests.
For a year, Tom Snyder's existing talk show, Tomorrow, was expanded to 90 minutes and forced to change its format, adding gossip reporter Rona Barrett as a co-host and taking on the name Tomorrow Coast to Coast. This was short-lived as a year and a half later, Snyder had quit and Tomorrow Coast to Coast had been canceled. Carson was given authority to fill the vacant time slot and used it to create Late Night with David Letterman (1982–1993). Today, The Tonight Show remains one hour in length and is still followed by Late Night, currently under the title Late Night with Seth Meyers (2014–).
- September 15, 1980 – August 30, 1991: Monday–Friday 11:30 p.m.–12:30 a.m.
- September 2, 1991 – May 22, 1992: Monday–Friday 11:35 p.m.–12:35 a.m.[20]
In May 1991, following positive viewer reception during tests in St. Louis (KSDK) and Dallas–Fort Worth (KXAS), NBC reached an agreement with Carson Productions to delay the show's start time by five minutes beginning September 2, allowing its stations to include more commercials during their local newscasts. (The timeshift would also affect Late Night, Later with Bob Costas, and station-programmed overnight syndicated shows.) NBC executives had been proposing the five-minute delay idea to Carson since 1988, only to be repeatedly rebuffed, amid concerns that some of its affiliates—particularly those that had unsuccessfully sought permission to delay the Tonight Show by a half-hour—would begin preempting the program entirely and replace it with syndicated reruns to generate extra revenue from local advertising.[20]
In an onscreen eulogy to Carson in 2005, David Letterman said that every talk show host owes his livelihood to Johnny Carson during his Tonight Show run.[21]
1979–1980 contract battle
In 1979, when Fred Silverman was the head of NBC, Carson took the network to court, claiming that he had been a free-agent since April of that year because his most recent contract had been signed in 1972. Carson cited a California law barring certain contracts from lasting more than seven years. NBC claimed that it had signed three agreements since then and Carson was bound to the network until April 1981.[22] While the case was settled out of court,[23] the friction between Carson and the network remained and Carson was actively courted by rival network ABC, which was willing to double Carson's salary and offer him a lighter work schedule and ownership of the show. NBC, in turn, was ready to offer The Tonight Show to Carson's most frequent guest host at the time, Richard Dawson.[24]
Eventually, Carson reached an agreement that paid $25 million a year while reducing his workload from 90 to 60 minutes, with new shows airing only three nights a week 37 weeks a year (a guest host would appear Monday nights and for most of Carson's 15 weeks of vacation and "Best of Carson" reruns would air Tuesdays) and also give him ownership of the show, as well as its back catalog, and of the time slot following the Tonight Show which became Late Night with David Letterman produced by Carson Productions.[25][26] In September 1980, Carson's eponymous production company gained ownership of the show[27][28] after owning it from 1969 to the early 1970s.[6]
Archives
Only 33 complete episodes of Johnny Carson's Tonight Show that had originally aired prior to May 1, 1972 are known to exist.[29] All other shows during this period, including Carson's debut as host, are now considered lost because of wiping.[6] Following the standard procedure for most television production companies of that era, NBC reused The Tonight Show videotapes for recording other programs. Carson himself encouraged the erasure of his archives, once humorously quipping that NBC should "make guitar picks" out of them, and did not believe they were of any value.[30] It was rumored that many other episodes were lost in a fire, but NBC has denied this.[citation needed]
Other surviving material from the era has been found on kinescopes held in the archives of the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service, or in the personal collections of guests of the program, while a few moments such as Tiny Tim's wedding, were preserved. New York meteorologist Dr. Frank Field, an occasional guest during the years he was weather forecaster for WNBC-TV, showed several clips of his appearances with Carson in a 2002 career retrospective on WWOR-TV; Field had maintained the clips in his own personal archives.[citation needed] There are also two appearances by Judy Garland in 1968 that still survive. John Lennon and Paul McCartney's joint appearance on the May 14, 1968 episode guest-hosted by Joe Garagiola, with a guest appearance by Tallulah Bankhead (one of her last), was preserved on poor-quality home kinescope and audiotape in separate recordings by Beatles fans.[31][32]
The program archive is virtually complete from 1973 to 1992.[33] Carson Productions has also made clips available on YouTube and Antenna TV.[34]
Although no footage is known to remain of Carson's first broadcast as host of The Tonight Show on October 1, 1962, photographs taken that night survive, including Carson being introduced by Groucho Marx, as does an audio recording of Marx's introduction and Carson's first monologue[citation needed]. One of his first jokes upon starting the show (after receiving a few words of encouragement from Marx, one of which was, "Don't go to Hollywood!") was to pretend to panic and say, "I want my nana!" (This recording was played at the start of Carson's final broadcast on May 22, 1992.)[citation needed] The oldest surviving video recording of the show is dated November 1962, while the oldest surviving color recording is from April 1964, when Carson interviewed Jake Ehrlich, Sr., as his guest.[35]
The 30-minute audio recordings of many of the "missing" episodes are contained in the Library of Congress in the Armed Forces Radio collection. Many 1970s-era episodes have been licensed to distributors that advertise mail-order offers on late-night TV.[citation needed] The later shows that exist in full were stored by Carson in a bomb-proof underground salt mine outside Hutchinson, Kansas.[36]
The non-tape archives pertaining to Carson's show are held by the Elkhorn Valley Museum in Carson's hometown of Norfolk, Nebraska. Beginning in 2020, the museum began working with the National Comedy Center to preserve the archive.[37]
Rebroadcasts and Streaming Availability
A large amount of material from Carson's first two decades of The Tonight Show (1962–1982), much of it not seen since it had first aired, appeared in a half hour "clip/compilation" syndicated program known as Carson's Comedy Classics that aired in 1983. Audio clips from the show were featured nightly on WHO-AM in Des Moines, Iowa in the mid-2000s. In 2014, Turner Classic Movies would begin rerunning select interviews from the program for a new series called "Carson on TCM" presented by Conan O'Brien, who himself hosted The Tonight Show briefly.[38]
The digital multicast network Antenna TV acquired rerun rights to whole episodes of the series in August 2015. Unlike the previous clip shows, Antenna TV's airings feature full broadcasts as they were originally seen, with the only edits being removal of The Tonight Show name, with the show being renamed simply as Johnny Carson (as of January 2018, the broadcasts air opposite the current edition of The Tonight Show in much of the United States, and NBC still owns the trademark on that name), and with bumpers, walk-on music and the closing theme being replaced by generic music cues from the Warner/Chappell Production Music library. Most musical guest segments are also removed. Antenna TV began airing the show seven days a week beginning January 1, 2016. Currently, sixty-minute episodes (from September 1980-May 1992) air Monday through Friday nights, and ninety-minute episodes (from 1972-September 12, 1980) Saturday and Sunday nights.[39]
Selected episodes of Carson's show are available on the streaming service Peacock. Shout! Factory launched a 24/7 streaming channel devoted to the series in August 2020, which is distributed through free over-the-top platforms including Stirr, Xumo and Pluto TV.
Anfitriones invitados
Jack Paar had often asked Carson to guest-host Tonight in its earliest years and repeatedly claimed he had been responsible for NBC's selection of Carson in 1962 as his replacement. Steve Allen also utilized guest hosts, including Carson and Ernie Kovacs, particularly after he began hosting The Steve Allen Show in prime time in 1956 and needed to reduce his workload on Tonight.[citation needed]
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson had guest hosts for entire weeks during Carson's vacations and other nights he had off. Many guest hosts were already large names in their own right, among them Frank Sinatra, Burt Reynolds and Don Rickles. Comedian Woody Allen guest hosted three times between 1966 to 1971. The following is a list of those who guest-hosted at least fifty times during the first 21 years of the show's run:
- Joey Bishop (177 times,[40] mostly in the 1960s)
- Joan Rivers (93,[40] during the 1970s and 1980s[41])
- John Davidson (87)[40]
- Bob Newhart (87)[40]
- David Brenner (70)[40]
- McLean Stevenson (58)[40]
- Jerry Lewis (52,[40] mostly in the 1960s)
- David Letterman (51, mostly between 1980 and 1981)[40]
Sammy Davis Jr. guest hosted in April 1965, becoming the first African-American to host a talk show.[42] Harry Belafonte guest hosted for a week in February 1968, and among Belafonte's guests were Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr., just months before both men were assassinated (King in April, Kennedy in June).[43] On April 2, 1979, Kermit the Frog was guest host.[44] In addition, many other Muppets appeared for skits and regular segments: Frank Oz voiced Fozzie Bear and Animal, while Jerry Nelson performed Uncle Deadly, a Vincent Price-inspired Muppet during a segment with the real Price.
Carson's contract, that took effect in 1981, reduced his work schedule to three nights a week, 37 weeks a year. "Best of Carson" reruns aired on Tuesdays in the weeks that Carson was hosting new shows. Monday night shows and shows for most of the 15 weeks that Carson had off were hosted by guest hosts. Due to the frequent need for substitutes, starting in 1983 permanent guest hosts were hired in order to give the program more stability. The permanent guest hosts were Joan Rivers (1983–1986),[40] then, after about a year where a wide range of guest hosts were used, Garry Shandling alternating with Jay Leno (1987–1988) and finally Leno alone (1988–1992) after Shandling left to focus on his Showtime series It's Garry Shandling's Show.[40] Leno, who first guest hosted in 1986, would do so 333 times before becoming the next Tonight Show host in 1992. Though the concept of using "permanent" guest hosts was fairly strictly adhered to, occasionally illness or some other situation necessitated a substitute guest host, as when David Brenner filled in for Joan Rivers on October 31 and November 1, 1985, when Rivers's husband was briefly hospitalized.
During the show's run, its cast and crew collaborated with a number of NBC sitcoms to produce spoof episodes of the Tonight Show. These spoofs typically ran in the sitcom's usual spot on the broadcast schedule and featured one of the sitcom's main characters as the guest host.
Joan Rivers
In September 1983, Joan Rivers was designated Carson's permanent guest host, a role she had been essentially filling for the previous year. In 1986, after years as a guest and 190 total appearances as guest host, she left the program for her own show on the then-new Fox Network. According to Carson, Rivers never personally informed him of the existence of her show. Rivers, on the other hand, disagreed.[45] Nevertheless, Rivers' new show was quickly canceled, and she never again appeared on The Tonight Show with Carson. Nor did she appear on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, a ban maintained by Leno out of respect for Carson.[46] She also never appeared during Conan O'Brien's seven-month run. After Carson's death in 2005, Rivers told CNN that Carson never forgave her for leaving, and never spoke to her again, even after she wrote him a note following the accidental death of Carson's son Ricky in June 1991.[41] On February 17, 2014, Rivers returned to the Tonight Show as part of a skit in which numerous celebrities paid new host, Jimmy Fallon, after having lost the bet that he would never become the host of the program. Rivers appeared for a full-length interview segment on March 27, 2014.[47]
The program of July 26, 1984, with guest host Joan Rivers, was the first MTS stereo broadcast in U.S. television history,[48] though not the first television broadcast with stereophonic sound. Only NBC's flagship local station in New York City, WNBC, had stereo broadcast capability at that time.[49] NBC transmitted The Tonight Show in stereo sporadically through 1984 and on a regular basis beginning in 1985.[citation needed]
Apariciones consiguientes
According to Skeptical activist James Randi, Carson invited Uri Geller, who claimed paranormal powers, onto the Tonight Show specifically to disprove the Israeli performer's claims. Randi later wrote, "that Johnny had been a magician himself", so prior to the date of taping, Randi was asked "to help prevent any trickery." Per Randi's advice, the show prepared their own props without informing Geller, and did not let Geller or his staff "anywhere near them." When Geller joined Carson on stage, he appeared surprised that he was not going to be interviewed, but instead was expected to display his abilities using the provided articles. Geller said "This scares me." and "I'm surprised because before this program your producer came and he read me at least 40 questions you were going to ask me." Geller was unable to display any paranormal abilities, saying "I don't feel strong" and he expressed his displeasure at feeling like he was being "pressed" to perform by Carson.[50][51]:8:10 According to Adam Higginbotham's Nov. 7, 2014 article in the New York Times:
The result was a legendary immolation, in which Geller offered up flustered excuses to his host as his abilities failed him again and again. "I sat there for 22 minutes, humiliated," Geller told me, when I spoke to him in September. "I went back to my hotel, devastated. I was about to pack up the next day and go back to Tel Aviv. I thought, That's it — I'm destroyed."[52]
However, this appearance on The Tonight Show, which Carson and Randi had orchestrated to debunk Geller's claimed abilities, backfired. According to Higginbotham,
To Geller's astonishment, he was immediately booked on The Merv Griffin Show. He was on his way to becoming a paranormal superstar. "That Johnny Carson show made Uri Geller," Geller said. To an enthusiastically trusting public, his failure only made his gifts seem more real: If he were performing magic tricks, they would surely work every time.[52]
Últimos shows de Carson
As his retirement approached, Carson tried to avoid sentimentality but would periodically show clips of some of his favorite moments and again invited some of his favorite guests. He told his crew, "Everything comes to an end; nothing lasts forever. Thirty years is enough. It's time to get out while you're still working on top of your game, while you're still working well."[53]
Carson hosted his penultimate show, featuring guests Robin Williams and Bette Midler, on May 21, 1992.[54] The last of Carson's monologues was delivered on this episode and was written by Jim Mulholland, Steven Kunes and Rift Fournier. Once underway, the atmosphere was electric and Carson was greeted with a sustained, two-minute intense standing ovation.[55] Williams was especially uninhibited with his trademark manic energy and stream-of-consciousness lunacy.[53][56] Midler was more emotional.[56] When the conversation turned to Johnny's favorite songs, "I'll Be Seeing You" and "Here's That Rainy Day," Midler mentioned that she knew a chorus of the latter. She began singing the song, and after the first line, Carson joined in and turned it into an impromptu duet. Midler finished her appearance from center stage, where she slowly sang the pop standard "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)." Carson became unexpectedly tearful, and a shot of the two of them was captured by a camera angle from across the set that had never before been used on the show.[57] The audience became tearful as well and called the three performers out for a second bow after the taping was completed.[55] This show was immediately recognized as a television classic that Midler considered one of the most emotional moments of her life and eventually won an Emmy for her role in it.[56][57][58]
Carson had no guests on his final episode of The Tonight Show on May 22, 1992, which was instead a retrospective show taped before an invitation-only studio audience of family, friends, and crew.[53][54] More than fifty million people tuned in for this finale, which ended with Carson sitting on a stool alone at center stage, similar to Jack Paar's last show. He said these final words in conclusion:
And so it has come to this: I, uh... am one of the lucky people in the world; I found something I always wanted to do and I have enjoyed every single minute of it. I want to thank the gentlemen who've shared this stage with me for thirty years. Mr. Ed McMahon, Mr. Doc Severinsen, and you people watching. I can only tell you that it has been an honor and a privilege to come into your homes all these years and entertain you. And I hope when I find something that I want to do and I think you would like and come back, that you'll be as gracious in inviting me into your home as you have been. I bid you a very heartfelt good night.
A few weeks after the final show aired, it was announced that NBC and Carson had struck a deal to develop a new series. Ultimately, however, Carson chose not to return to television. He gave only two major interviews after his retirement: one to The Washington Post in 1993, and the other to Esquire magazine in 2002. Carson hinted in his 1993 interview that he did not think he could top what he had already accomplished. He rarely appeared elsewhere after retiring, providing only a guest voice on an episode of The Simpsons, which included him performing feats of strength and featured Bette Midler as well, and a cameo on the May 13, 1994, Late Show with David Letterman where he delivered a Top 10 List and sat in Dave's chair for a minute.
In 2005, after Carson's death, it was revealed that he had made a habit of sending jokes to Dave Letterman via fax machine which Letterman would then sometimes incorporate into his monologues. The January 31, 2005, episode of the Late Show with David Letterman, which featured a tribute to Carson, began with a monologue by Letterman composed entirely of jokes written by Carson himself after his retirement.[59][60]
In 2011, the last Carson Tonight show was ranked No. 10 on the TV Guide Network special, TV's Most Unforgettable Finales.[61]
Ver también
- There's... Johnny!
Referencias
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- ^ Episode 145 – Gallagher, WTF with Marc Maron, wtfpod.com
- ^ "'Here's Johnny' is top TV quote". December 7, 2006 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ McMahon, Ed. For Laughing Out Loud: My Life and Good Times. p. 154. ISBN 0-446-52370-4.
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[D]uring our 17 years together, which were wonderful years, and he was the one that discovered me and he was the one that said, "You're going to be a star" the first night I worked. He was an amazing man and an amazing mentor. And then when I left the show to do my own show on Fox, he never forgave me, and that made me terribly sad. We never spoke again.
- ^ "Sammy Davis, Jr. TV Guest Appearances". Retrieved 2017-11-19.
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...Kermit hosted The Tonight Show.
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We didn't feel it was right to invite her while Johnny was alive," said Leno. "It was a respect thing for Johnny.
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- ^ a b c Bernard Weinraub (May 23, 1992). "Fade Out for Johnny Carson, His Dignity and Privacy Intact". The New York Times.
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- ^ Hancock, David (January 18, 2005). "Carson Feeds Jokes To Letterman". CBS News. Associated Press.
- ^ redOrbit (1 February 2005). "Letterman Pays Special Tribute to Carson – Redorbit".
- ^ TV's Most Unforgettable Finales – Aired May 22, 2011 on TV Guide Network
enlaces externos
- Official website
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson at IMDb
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television