Las elecciones generales se celebraron en Singapur el 7 de mayo de 2011. El presidente S. R. Nathan disolvió el parlamento el 19 de abril de 2011 por consejo del primer ministro Lee Hsien Loong . [1] El voto es obligatorio en Singapur y se basa en el primer pasado el post sistema. Las elecciones las lleva a cabo el Departamento de Elecciones , que está bajo la jurisdicción de la Oficina del Primer Ministro. El día de la nominación se celebró el 27 de abril de 2011 y, por segunda elección consecutiva, el PAP no volvió oficialmente al poder el día de la nominación, pero sí volvió al poder el día de las elecciones. Esta elección también marcó la primera y única pelea a tres bandas desde 2001 enPunggol East SMC antes de que aumentara a una pelea de cuatro esquinas en una elección parcial celebrada dos años después.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 escaños (82 disputados) para el Parlamento de Singapur , 3 escaños del NCMP ofrecidos a la oposición 44 escaños necesarios para la mayoría | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resultados por circunscripción: Partido Acción Popular Partido de los Trabajadores de Singapur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
La elección fue descrita como una "elección decisiva" en varias formas por varios partidos. El gobernante PAP recordó a los votantes que las elecciones determinarán "la próxima generación de líderes de Singapur". [2] El Partido de los Trabajadores lo calificó como una "elección decisiva" tanto para Singapur como para la oposición, ya que marcó la primera vez en dos décadas que los únicos dos diputados de la oposición en ejercicio se mudaron de sus respectivos bastiones y disputaron en distritos electorales de representación de grupo ( GRC), arriesgándose a una situación en la que "no habría diputados de oposición electos". [3] Esto fue a pesar de que las elecciones tuvieron la mayor proporción de escaños disputados desde la independencia, con 82 de 87 escaños disputados (o 94,3%). [4] 2011 fue el año en el que se registró el mayor número de escaños disputados desde la post-independencia; el segundo fue en 1972 cuando se disputaron el 87,7% de los escaños (o 57 de 65 escaños), [5] Marcó las primeras contiendas electorales en Bishan-Toa Payoh (desde 1991) y Holanda-Bukit Timah , y también marcó Tanjong Pagar como el único distrito electoral que permanece indiscutido desde su formación en 1991.
Los resultados finales vieron una oscilación del 6,46% contra el PAP desde las elecciones de 2006 al 60,14%, su nivel más bajo desde la independencia. [6] Si bien el PAP cumplió con la mayoría de las expectativas de llegar al poder y reclamar más de dos tercios de los escaños parlamentarios, ganando 81 de 87 escaños, sin embargo perdió el Distrito Electoral de Representación del Grupo Aljunied ante el Partido de los Trabajadores de Singapur, un avance histórico que un GRC fue ganado por un partido de la oposición. Incluyendo la circunscripción uninominal de Hougang , el Partido de los Trabajadores terminó con seis escaños en el Parlamento, el mejor resultado parlamentario de oposición desde la independencia. [7] [8]
Como se eligieron seis parlamentarios de la oposición, sólo tres no electoral miembro del Parlamento asientos se ofrecieron, uno a Lina Chiam desde el Partido Popular de Singapur y los otros 2 escaños a Yee Jenn Jong y Gerald Giam del Partido de los Trabajadores . Todas estas ofertas fueron aceptadas, lo que resultó en un total de nueve diputados de la oposición después de las elecciones. [9] [10]
Fondo
La elección general de 2011 fue la 16ª elección general en Singapur y la undécima desde la independencia. El gobernante Partido Acción Popular (PAP) buscó asegurar su decimotercer mandato consecutivo en el cargo desde 1959. Esta fue la segunda elección desde que Lee Hsien Loong se convirtió en su Secretario General.
Reforma parlamentaria
El 11 de marzo de 2010, el Gobierno presentó al Parlamento tres proyectos de ley para enmendar la Constitución, la Ley de elecciones presidenciales y la Ley de elecciones parlamentarias. [11] Estas enmiendas redujeron el número de distritos electorales de representación del grupo (GRC), aumentaron el número de miembros del Parlamento que no pertenecen al distrito electoral (NCMP) a un máximo de nueve (incluido el número de miembros electos de la oposición del Parlamento) y el número de los miembros nominados del parlamento (NMP) permanentes también a nueve. [11] Se implementó un día de "enfriamiento" de un día, durante el cual se prohibió la campaña, y solo se permitieron las transmisiones de partidos políticos. Las campañas en Internet también se legalizaron formalmente como un medio legítimo de campaña política. [11] El 26 de abril de 2010, las enmiendas a la Constitución fueron aprobadas por 74 votos contra 1 después de un debate de tres horas sobre el proyecto de ley. [12]
Partidos politicos
El gobernante Partido Acción Popular (PAP) ha estado en el poder desde la independencia de Singapur en 1965, y actualmente está dirigido por el primer ministro Lee Hsien Loong . Además del gobernante PAP, los otros partidos políticos importantes que pueden disputar las próximas elecciones son el Partido de los Trabajadores de Singapur (WP) liderado por Low Thia Khiang , el Partido Popular de Singapur liderado por Chiam See Tong que abandonó la Alianza Democrática de Singapur (SDA). en 2011, el Partido Demócrata de Singapur (SDP) liderado por Chee Soon Juan , [a] [13] el Partido de Solidaridad Nacional (NSP) liderado por Goh Meng Seng que abandonó la SDA en 2007, el Partido Reformista (Singapur) liderado por Kenneth Jeyaretnam y la Alianza Democrática de Singapur (SDA) dirigida por Desmond Lim, que está compuesta por Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura (Organización Nacional Malaya de Singapur) (PKMS) y el Partido de la Justicia de Singapur (SJP). El Partido de la Reforma es el partido más nuevo y fue creado el 18 de junio de 2008 y luego fue dirigido por el ex miembro del Parlamento JB Jeyaretnam . Pudo haberse presentado a las elecciones después de ser dado de baja de la bancarrota y reintegrado al colegio de abogados, [14] sin embargo, Jeyaretnam murió de insuficiencia cardíaca el 30 de septiembre de 2008 a la edad de 82 años. [15] Su hijo mayor, Kenneth Jeyaretnam, ha tomado en el liderazgo del partido y ahora es su secretario general. [dieciséis]
Divisiones electorales
El Comité de Revisión de Límites Electorales normalmente publica una lista actualizada de divisiones electorales justo antes de que se convoquen las elecciones. Antes de las últimas enmiendas, había catorce GRC, cada uno con cinco o seis escaños, y nueve distritos electorales de un solo miembro (SMC). En las elecciones generales de 2006 se disputaron un total de 84 escaños .
El nuevo mapa electoral para 2011 se anunció el 24 de febrero de 2011. [17] [18]
2006 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|
Asientos | 84 | 87 |
Divisiones electorales | 23 | 27 |
Circunscripciones de representación de grupo | 14 | 15 |
GRC de cuatro miembros | 0 | 2 |
GRC de cinco miembros | 9 | 11 |
GRC de seis miembros | 5 | 2 |
Distritos electorales de un solo miembro | 9 | 12 |
Votantes | 2,158,704 | 2,347,198 |
Votantes (incluidos los votos en el extranjero) | 2,159,721 | 2,350,873 |
Los cambios realizados en las divisiones electorales son los siguientes:
Distrito electoral | Cambios |
---|---|
Aljunied GRC | Partes absorbidas de la división Kaki Bukit de Marine Parade GRC, y una parte menor de Hougang SMC Se extrajeron partes de la división Aljunied-Hougang a Ang Mo Kio GRC, y una parte menor de las divisiones Aljunied-Hougang y Bedok Reservoir-Punggol a Pasir Ris– Punggol GRC |
Ang Mo Kio GRC | Absorbió la división Aljunied – Hougang (renombrada como Ang Mo Kio-Hougang) de Aljunied GRC y Yio Chu Kang SMC Dividió la división Nee Soon South en Nee Soon GRC, y la división Sengkang West en SMC |
Bishan – Toa Payoh GRC | Sin cambios en los límites |
Chua Chu Kang GRC | Nueva circunscripción formada a partir de la mayoría de Hong Kah GRC (excepto la división Hong Kah North, que se dividió en SMC ) y Chua Chu Kang SMC |
GRC de la costa este | Esculpió una porción de Kampong-Chai Chee para Marine Parade GRC |
Holanda – Bukit Timah GRC | El distrito se redujo a cuatro miembros Dividió la división de Buona Vista en Tanjong Pagar GRC, una porción menor de Bukit Timah a West Coast GRC, y porciones de Toh Guan a Jurong GRC |
Jurong GRC | División Yuhua dividida en SMC Partes de las divisiones Jurong Central y Taman Jurong, West Coast GRC y Hong Kah GRC se formaron en la división Jurong Spring |
Marine Parade GRC | Ward reducido a cinco miembros Absorbido MacPherson SMC y una porción menor de Joo Chiat SMC Porciones de Kaki Bukit y todas las divisiones Kampong Ubi-Kembangan, y la división Kampong Chai Chee de la costa este de GRC se formaron en la división Kembangan-Chai Chee Esculpida una porción de la división Kaki Bukit a Aljunied GRC, y la división Mountbatten a SMC |
Moulmein – Kallang GRC | Nueva circunscripción formada a partir de Jalan Besar GRC (excepto la división Kreta Ayer-Kim Seng (excluyendo las porciones del norte de Hong Lim) que fue absorbida por Tanjong Pagar GRC, y la división Whampoa como una SMC ), y la división Moulmein de Tanjong Pagar GRC |
Nee Soon GRC | Nueva circunscripción formada por las divisiones Nee Soon Central SMC , Nee Soon East SMC , Nee Soon South de Ang Mo Kio GRC (excluida el área de Lentor al sur de Seletar Expressway ) y las divisiones de Canberra y Chong Pang de Sembawang GRC [19] |
Pasir Ris – Punggol GRC | Dividió la división Punggol East en SMC , y una porción menor de la división Punggol South a Ang Mo Kio GRC Las porciones de las divisiones Punggol Central y North se formaron en la división Punggol West |
Sembawang GRC | El barrio se redujo a cinco miembros. Sacó Canberra y Chong Pang a Nee Soon GRC. Porciones de Sembawang y Woodlands se formaron en la división Woodgrove. |
Tampines GRC | Sin cambios en los límites |
Tanjong Pagar GRC | Ward reducido a cinco miembros Absorbió las divisiones Buona Vista y Kreta Ayer-Kim Seng de Holanda-Bukit Timah GRC y Jalan Besar GRC , respectivamente Dividió la división Moulmein en Moulmein-Kallang GRC, y la división Radin Mas en SMC Fusionó las divisiones Tanjong Pagar y Tiong Bahru para formar la división Tanjong Pagar-Tiong Bahru |
GRC de la costa oeste | Se dividieron partes de la división Pioneer en SMC , mientras que Jurong Industrial, Jurong Island, Gul Circle, Tuas y Joo Koon fueron transferidos a la división Ayer Rajah. La división Ayer Rajah-West Coast se dividió en Ayer Rajah y las divisiones West Coast. |
Nominación
Cronología
Fecha | Evento |
---|---|
24 de febrero | Publicación del informe de límites electorales |
3 de marzo | Certificación de registros electorales |
19 de abril | Disolución del XI Parlamento ; Auto de elección emitido |
22 de abril | Fecha límite de presentación de certificados de donación política |
27 de abril | Día de nominación / Primera transmisión en vivo de un partido político |
27 de abril a 5 de mayo | Período de campaña |
6 de mayo | Día de enfriamiento / Segunda transmisión en vivo del partido político |
7 de mayo | Día de la votación |
11 de mayo | Recuento de votos en el extranjero |
16 de mayo | Candidatos revelados para diputado no electorado |
21 de mayo | 12 ° Parlamento reunido |
10 de octubre | Apertura del XII Parlamento |
Nuevos candidatos
Un total de 78 candidatos eran nuevos en esta elección, de los cuales 54 eran de seis partidos de oposición participantes y 24 eran del gobernante Partido Acción Popular. Se presentaron candidatos notables que formaban parte del gabinete de "cuarta generación" (4G), que incluye al futuro viceprimer ministro de Singapur, Heng Swee Keat , un ex jefe y ministro de las SAF , Chan Chun Sing , y el futuro presidente de la Cámara, Tan Chuan-Jin . como Desmond Lee y Ong Ye Kung , los hijos de los ex parlamentarios Lee Yock Suan y Ong Lian Ten respectivamente. Los candidatos de la oposición incluyen a Pritam Singh, quien hizo otra incursión en el Parlamento y luego se convertiría en el líder sucesor del Partido de los Trabajadores en 2018, así como a Lina Loh (esposa del entonces diputado del SMC de Potong Pasir , Chiam See Tong ), Kenneth Andrew Jeyaretnam (hijo del difunto JB Jeyaretnam ), Nicole Seah , Tan Jee Say y Benjamin Pwee Yek Guan .
Políticos jubilados
20 miembros actuales del PAP del XI Parlamento no serán reelegidos, entre los cuales 18 anunciaron su retiro, diez de los cuales son titulares de cargos públicos, [20] y dos miembros, Balaji Sadasivan (Ang Mo Kio GRC) y Ong Chit Chung (Jurong GRC), murieron durante su mandato, pero no se convocaron elecciones parciales ya que sus distritos formaban parte de una circunscripción de representación de grupo ; sin embargo, este último se convertiría más tarde en un distrito electoral de un solo miembro de Bukit Batok en las próximas elecciones de 2015 . Eric Low , otro candidato del PAP que ingresó a la política por primera vez en las elecciones de 2001 pero perdió dos veces ante WP, no buscó la reelección, lo que lo convirtió en el segundo candidato del PAP en participar pero no ingresó al parlamento (el primero fue Pang Kim Hin ).
Reclamaciones de juego
Poco después del anuncio de los nuevos límites electorales, varios partidos de oposición manifestaron su intención de competir, sujeto a negociaciones entre partidos políticos para evitar luchas a tres bandas. Las partes que declaran su interés en disputar cada circunscripción y su estado de nominación se reflejan a continuación.
Campaña de elecciones generales
Foro televisado
En el primer foro preelectoral de esta naturaleza en Singapur desde las elecciones generales de 1988, Channel NewsAsia invitó a los principales partidos a grabar un programa de una hora. El programa, en inglés, titulado “Un foro político sobre el futuro de Singapur” reunió al gobernante Partido Acción Popular (PAP) y cuatro partidos de la oposición para discutir los desafíos a largo y corto plazo para el país. [21] El foro incluyó:
- El Partido Demócrata de Singapur , representado por su tesorero adjunto, el Dr. Vincent Wijeysingha ;
- El Partido Popular de Singapur , representado por la segunda vicepresidenta Lina Chiam ;
- El Partido de los Trabajadores de Singapur , representado por el asistente del webmaster Gerald Giam ;
- La Alianza Democrática de Singapur , representada por el Subsecretario General Mohamed Nazem Suki;
- Partido Acción Popular , representado por:
- Ministro de Finanzas y diputado de Jurong GRC , Tharman Shanmugaratnam
- Josephine Teo, diputada del GRC Bishan – Toa Payoh
Medios de comunicación social
El Partido de los Trabajadores utilizó las redes sociales para sortear los obstáculos que les colocaron los medios de comunicación controlados por el gobierno de Singapur . [22]
Mítines políticos
La Policía de Singapur anunció el 27 de abril 41 sitios de manifestaciones políticas que los partidos políticos podrían reservar por orden de llegada. Se permitió que las manifestaciones se llevaran a cabo del 28 de abril al 5 de mayo, de 7:00 a 22:00 horas. El sitio 41 es para los mítines a la hora del almuerzo en Boat Quay, cerca de la UOB Plaza . [23]
Partido Nacional de Solidaridad
Partido Acción Popular
| Partido reformista
Singapore Democratic Alliance
Singapore Democratic Party
Singapore People’s Party
Workers’ Party
|
|
Controversias
Online video
During the 2011 elections campaigning, Vivian Balakrishnan said the SDP was "suppressing a certain YouTube video, which raises some very awkward questions about the agenda and motivations of the SDP and its candidates".[25] He issued the following statement:
- I am not sure what [the SDP] strategy is...I can’t help feeling that part of the reason for their reticence is they have elements of their agenda they are not prepared to disclose and subject to scrutiny. Eventually, they will have to come out of the closet. ( The Straits Times, 20 April 2011)
Vincent Wijeysingha rejected his comments stating, "We've been a very open party and we're very clear."[26]
This incident was cited in an article published in The Economist criticising the ruling party's election strategy[27] The New Paper released a story next day, with the headline: Is Singapore ready for a GAY MP?"[28] Kenneth Jeyaretnam of the Reform Party called Balakrishnan's campaign a "low attack."[25]
Balakrishnan received widespread controversy and criticism online for his remark,.[29] On 28 April, he told the press: "there is "no need" to further discuss [the] video". He said that his question was a "legitimate".[30]
Cooling-off day controversies
Nicole Seah, a team member contesting Marine Parade GRC under the NSP team, filed a complaint to the Elections Department on 6 May stating PAP-team member Tin Pei Ling had violated the state-mandated cooling-off period 24 hours before polls by posting a Facebook comment "in response to a video [in the state press] that showed Seah crying after being told about a Macpherson female resident who could not get a refund of her son's $80 tuition fees".[31]
The NSP team was advised by the Elections Department to lodge a police report before the Elections Department could investigate.[32]
The day after the election, Seah told reporters that her party had not received any response after making the complaint, and said no decision had been taken on whether or not to pursue the issue. She added that the NSP knew "it is an uphill battle to get any results out of this. I would rather devote my time and resources to the residents".[33]
A similar complaint was lodged against Seah alleging that material had been published on her Facebook page during Cooling-Off Day. On 10 August, the Singapore Police Force announced that it had concluded its investigations into the two incidents, and that aside from a "stern warning" to Tin's friend, neither action was taken against either Tin or Seah.[34]
Separately, the NSP also complained that the PAP had been distributing election material to residents in Tampines GRC in violation of cooling-off regulations.[32]
Resultados
After polls closed at 8pm, vote counting began. Results were announced by Yam Ah Mee, chief executive director of the People's Association, who acted as the Returning Officer for the election.[35] The first result was declared at 11.58pm on 7 May 2011, where PAP candidate Lim Biow Chuan won the Mountbatten Single Member Constituency with a majority of 3,529.
At 1.31 am on 8 May 2011, the PAP team for Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency was declared to have won the division, putting the PAP's seat tally at 44 seats, and thus formed the government. The final result to be declared was for the Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency at 2.51am on 8 May, where the PAP gained the seat from the SPP on a razor-thin margin of 114 votes.
The political status quo was kept as the People's Action Party won a 13th consecutive term in office since 1959. However, the PAP saw its vote majorities reduced island-wide for a second election in a row. The PAP won 81 seats out of 87 despite losing Aljunied Group Representation Constituency to the WP, which also won in Hougang Single Member Constituency. None of the other five opposition parties won contests, including the SPP which lost Potong Pasir that it held prior to the election. WP marked the first opposition GRC victory since GRCs were introduced in 1988,[36] which resulted in the electoral defeat of Foreign Minister George Yeo[37][38] and a second Cabinet minister Lim Hwee Hua; both ministers were the first two highest-ranking PAP cabinet ministers to be unseated in the election in post-independence Singapore, with the last time being 1963 (minister Kenneth Michael Byrne lost his seat of Crawford)[39] The PAP also set its lowest national vote share since independence (beating 1991's share of 61.0%), which was just little over 60 per cent, a vote swing of almost negative 7 per cent from 2006.[8]
Excluding electorates from Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency, voter turnout for the election was 93.18%, with 2,060,373 votes cast.[40]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
People's Action Party | 1,212,154 | 60.14 | 81 | –1 | |
Workers' Party | 258,510 | 12.83 | 6 | +5 | |
National Solidarity Party | 242,682 | 12.04 | 0 | New | |
Singapore Democratic Party | 97,369 | 4.83 | 0 | 0 | |
Reform Party | 86,294 | 4.28 | 0 | New | |
Singapore People's Party | 62,639 | 3.11 | 0 | New | |
Singapore Democratic Alliance | 55,988 | 2.78 | 0 | –1 | |
Total | 2,015,636 | 100.00 | 87 | +3 | |
Valid votes | 2,015,636 | 97.83 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 44,737 | 2.17 | |||
Total votes | 2,060,373 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 2,350,873 | 87.64 | |||
Source: Singapore Elections[b] |
By constituency
Results of 2011 Singapore general election[41] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Division | Seats | Voters | Party | Candidate(s) | Votes | Votes % | |
Aljunied GRC | 5 | 143,148 | Workers' Party | Low Thia Khiang Sylvia Lim Chen Show Mao Pritam Singh Muhamad Faisal bin Abdul Manap | 72,289 | 54.72 / 100 | |
People's Action Party | George Yeo Lim Hwee Hua Zainul Abidin bin Mohamed Rasheed Cynthia Phua Ong Ye Kung | 59,829 | 45.28 / 100 | ||||
Ang Mo Kio GRC | 6 | 179,071 | People's Action Party | Lee Hsien Loong Yeo Guat Kwang Inderjit Singh Seng Han Thong Ang Hin Kee Intan Azura Mokhtar | 112,677 | 69.33 / 100 | |
Reform Party | Alex Tan Zhixiang Arthero Lim Tung Hee Vignes Ramachandran Lim Zi Rui Mansor Rahman Osman Sulaiman | 49,851 | 30.67 / 100 | ||||
Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC | 5 | 122,492 | People's Action Party | Wong Kan Seng Ng Eng Hen Josephine Teo Li Min Hri Kumar Zainudin Nordin | 62,385 | 56.93 / 100 | |
Singapore People's Party | Chiam See Tong Benjamin Pwee Wilfred Leung Jimmy Lee Mohamad Hamim Aliyas | 47,205 | 43.07 / 100 | ||||
Chua Chu Kang GRC | 5 | 158,648 | People's Action Party | Gan Kim Yong Alvin Yeo Zaqy Mohamad Alex Yam Low Yen Ling | 89,710 | 61.20 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Teo Kway Huang Sebastian Tan Lay Thiam Tony Poa Koon Koon Hazel Nor Lella Mardiiiah Mohamed Jeisilan Sivalingam | 56,885 | 38.80 / 100 | ||||
East Coast GRC | 5 | 120,324 | People's Action Party | Lim Swee Say Maliki Osman Lee Yi Shyan Jessica Tan Raymond Lim | 59,992 | 54.83 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | Eric Tan Heng Chong Png Eng Huat Glenda Han Gerald Giam Yean Song Mohamed Fazli Bin Talip | 49,429 | 45.17 / 100 | ||||
Holland–Bukit Timah GRC | 4 | 91,607 | People's Action Party | Vivian Balakrishnan Christopher de Souza Liang Eng Hwa Sim Ann | 48,773 | 60.08 / 100 | |
Singapore Democratic Party | Tan Jee Say Ang Yong Guan Vincent Wijeysingha Michelle Lee | 32,406 | 39.92 / 100 | ||||
Jurong GRC | 5 | 125,276 | People's Action Party | Tharman Shanmugaratnam Halimah Bte Yacob Ang Wei Neng Desmond Lee Ti-Seng (Li Zhisheng) David Ong | 76,595 | 66.96 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Neo Ting Wei Christopher Abdul Rasheed Ong Beng Soon Elvin Ong Hock Siong Noraini Yunus | 37,786 | 33.04 / 100 | ||||
Marine Parade GRC | 5 | 154,451 | People's Action Party | Goh Chok Tong Tan Chuan Jin Fatimah Lateef Seah Kian Peng Tin Pei Ling | 78,286 | 56.64 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Cheo Chai Chen Ivan Yeo Tiong Boon Abdul Salim Harun Spencer Ng Chung Hon Seah Xue Ling, Nicole Rebecca | 59,926 | 43.36 / 100 | ||||
Moulmein–Kallang GRC | 4 | 87,595 | People's Action Party | Lui Tuck Yew Yaacob Ibrahim Denise Phua Lay Peng Edwin Tong | 44,886 | 58.55 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | Mohd Rahizan Toh Hong Boon L Somasundram Frieda Chan | 31,773 | 41.45 / 100 | ||||
Nee Soon GRC | 5 | 148,290 | People's Action Party | K. Shanmugam Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim Lee Bee Wah Lim Wee Kiak Patrick Tay Teck Guan | 80,740 | 58.40 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | John Yam Poh Nam Angela Faye Oon Sajeev K. R. Kamalasanan Chong Cham Weng, Watson Poh Lee Guan | 57,523 | 41.60 / 100 | ||||
Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC | 6 | 168,971 | People's Action Party | Teo Chee Hean Teo Ser Luck Penny Low Janil Puthucheary Gan Thiam Poh Zainal Bin Sapari | 100,493 | 64.79 / 100 | |
Singapore Democratic Alliance | Harminder Pal Singh Sidney Soon Jeffrey Lim Noraine Anabi Tony Tan Mohammad Shafni Ahmad | 54,601 | 35.21 / 100 | ||||
Sembawang GRC | 5 | 142,459 | People's Action Party | Khaw Boon Wan Ellen Lee Hawazi Daipi Ong Teng Koon Vikram Nair | 84,252 | 63.9 / 100 | |
Singapore Democratic Party | James Gomez John Tan Jarrod Luo Jie Mohd Isa Abdul Aziz Sadasivam Veriyah | 47,605 | 36.1 / 100 | ||||
Tampines GRC | 5 | 137,532 | People's Action Party | Mah Bow Tan Ng Phek Hoong Irene Masagos Zulkifli Bin Masagos Mohamad Baey Yam Keng Heng Swee Keat | 72,728 | 57.22 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Goh Meng Seng Reno Fong Chin Leong Syafarin Sarif Raymond Lim Peng Ann Gilbert Goh Keow Wah | 54,381 | 42.78 / 100 | ||||
Tanjong Pagar GRC | 5 | 139,771 | People's Action Party | Lee Kuan Yew Lily Neo Indranee Thurai Rajah Chan Chun Sing Chia Shi-Lu | Walkover | ||
West Coast GRC | 5 | 121,045 | People's Action Party | Lim Hng Kiang Fong Jen Arthur S Iswaran Foo Mee Har Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai | 72,563 | 66.57 / 100 | |
Reform Party | Kenneth Jeyaretnam Frankie Low Andy Zhu Kumar Appavoo Haren Hu | 36,443 | 33.43 / 100 | ||||
Bukit Panjang SMC | 1 | 33,053 | People's Action Party | Teo Ho Pin | 20,375 | 66.27 / 100 | |
Singapore Democratic Party | Alec Tok | 10,372 | 33.73 / 100 | ||||
Hong Kah North SMC | 1 | 27,701 | People's Action Party | Amy Khor Lean Suan | 18,156 | 70.61 / 100 | |
Singapore People's Party | Sin Kek Tong | 7,556 | 29.39 / 100 | ||||
Hougang SMC | 1 | 24,560 | Workers' Party | Yaw Shin Leong | 14,850 | 64.8 / 100 | |
People's Action Party | Choo Pey Ching Desmond | 8065 | 35.2 / 100 | ||||
Joo Chiat SMC | 1 | 22,069 | People's Action Party | Chong You Fook Charles | 9,666 | 51.02 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | Yee Jenn Jong | 9,278 | 48.98 / 100 | ||||
Mountbatten SMC | 1 | 23,731 | People's Action Party | Lim Biow Chuan | 11,985 | 58.62 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Jeannette Chong-Aruldoss | 8,461 | 41.38 / 100 | ||||
Pioneer SMC | 1 | 25,745 | People's Action Party | Cedric Foo | 14,593 | 60.73 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Steve Chia Kiah Hong | 9,437 | 39.27 / 100 | ||||
Potong Pasir SMC | 1 | 17,327 | People's Action Party | Sitoh Yih Pin | 7,992 | 50.36 / 100 | |
Singapore People's Party | Lina Chiam | 7,878 | 49.64 / 100 | ||||
Punggol East SMC | 1 | 33,281 | People's Action Party | Michael Palmer | 16,994 | 54.54 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | Lee Li Lian | 12,777 | 41.01 / 100 | ||||
Singapore Democratic Alliance (Loses S$16,000 deposit) | Desmond Lim | 1,387 | 4.45 / 100 | ||||
Radin Mas SMC | 1 | 31,014 | People's Action Party | Sam Tan Chin Siong | 18,609 | 67.10 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Yip Yew Weng | 9,123 | 32.90 / 100 | ||||
Sengkang West SMC | 1 | 26,882 | People's Action Party | Lam Pin Min | 14,689 | 58.11 / 100 | |
Workers' Party | Koh Choong Yong | 10,591 | 41.89 / 100 | ||||
Whampoa SMC | 1 | 21,622 | People's Action Party | Heng Chee How | 13,028 | 66.10 / 100 | |
National Solidarity Party | Ken Sun | 6,680 | 33.90 / 100 | ||||
Yuhua SMC | 1 | 23,195 | People's Action Party | Grace Fu | 14,093 | 66.86 / 100 | |
Singapore Democratic Party | Teo Soh Lung | 6,986 | 33.14 / 100 |
Analysis
Top 10 best PAP performers
- Constituencies with no comparison to 2006 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.
# | Constituency | PAP | Opposition | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Swing | Votes | % | Swing | |||
1 | Hong Kah North SMC | 18,156 | 70.61 | New | 7,556 | 29.39 | New | |
2 | Ang Mo Kio GRC | 112,677 | 69.33 | 3.19 | 49,851 | 30.67 | 3.19 | |
3 | Radin Mas SMC | 18,609 | 67.10 | New | 9,123 | 32.90 | New | |
4 | Jurong GRC | 76,595 | 66.96 | Walkover | 37,786 | 33.04 | Walkover | |
5 | Yuhua SMC | 14,093 | 66.86 | New | 6,986 | 33.14 | New | |
6 | West Coast GRC | 72,563 | 66.57 | Walkover | 36,443 | 33.43 | Walkover | |
7 | Bukit Panjang SMC | 20,375 | 66.27 | 10.91 | 10,372 | 33.73 | 10.91 | |
8 | Whampoa SMC | 13,028 | 66.10 | New | 6,683 | 33.90 | New | |
9 | Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC | 100,493 | 64.79 | 3.91 | 54,601 | 35.21 | 3.91 | |
10 | Sembawang GRC | 84,252 | 63.9 | 12.8 | 47,605 | 36.1 | 12.8 |
Top 16 best opposition performers
- Constituencies with no comparison to 2006 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.
- Punggol East SMC is excluded from the table as there were two opposition parties which competed against the incumbent. If the WP's 12,765 votes (41.02%) and the SDA's 1,386 votes (4.45%) were summed up, the opposition won 14,151 votes (45.47%), which would place it fifth in the table below.
# | Constituency | Opposition | PAP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Swing | Votes | % | Swing | |||
1 | Hougang SMC | 14,850 | 64.8 | 2.1 | 8,065 | 35.2 | 2.1 | |
2 | Aljunied GRC | 72,289 | 54.72 | 10.81 | 59,829 | 45.28 | 10.81 | |
3 | Potong Pasir SMC | 7,878 | 49.64 | 6.18 | 7,992 | 50.36 | 6.18 | |
4 | Joo Chiat SMC | 9,278 | 48.98 | 13.99 | 9,666 | 51.02 | 13.99 | |
5 | East Coast GRC | 49,429 | 45.17 | 9.03 | 59,992 | 54.83 | 9.03 | |
6 | Marine Parade GRC | 59,926 | 43.36 | Walkover | 78,286 | 56.64 | Walkover | |
7 | Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC | 47,205 | 43.07 | Walkover | 62,385 | 56.93 | Walkover | |
8 | Tampines GRC | 54,381 | 42.78 | 11.29 | 72,728 | 57.22 | 11.29 | |
9 | Sengkang West SMC | 10,591 | 41.89 | New | 14,689 | 58.11 | New | |
10 | Nee Soon GRC | 57,523 | 41.60 | New | 80,740 | 58.40 | New | |
11 | Moulmein–Kallang GRC | 31,773 | 41.45 | New | 44,886 | 58.55 | New | |
12 | Mountbatten SMC | 8,461 | 41.38 | New | 11,985 | 58.62 | New | |
13 | Punggol East SMC | 12,777 | 41.01 | New | 16,994 | 54.54 | New | |
1,387 | 4.45 | |||||||
14 | Holland–Bukit Timah GRC | 32,406 | 39.92 | Walkover | 48,773 | 60.08 | Walkover | |
15 | Pioneer SMC | 9,437 | 39.27 | New | 14,593 | 60.73 | New | |
16 | Chua Chu Kang GRC | 56,885 | 38.80 | New | 89,710 | 61.20 | New |
Vote Swings
- Only the following constituencies may be compared with 2006 results as they existed in both elections, although most had changes in their electoral boundaries.
# | Constituency | PAP | Opposition | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Swing | Votes | % | Swing | |||
1 | Joo Chiat SMC | 9,278 | 48.98 | 13.99 | 9,666 | 51.02 | 13.99 | |
2 | Sembawang GRC | 84,252 | 63.9 | 12.8 | 47,605 | 36.1 | 12.8 | |
3 | Tampines GRC | 72,728 | 57.22 | 11.29 | 54,381 | 42.78 | 11.29 | |
4 | Bukit Panjang SMC | 20,375 | 66.27 | 10.91 | 10,372 | 33.73 | 10.91 | |
5 | Aljunied GRC | 59,829 | 45.28 | 10.81 | 72,289 | 54.72 | 10.81 | |
6 | East Coast GRC | 59,992 | 54.83 | 9.03 | 49,429 | 45.17 | 9.03 | |
7 | Potong Pasir SMC | 7,992 | 50.36 | 6.18 | 7,878 | 49.64 | 6.18 | |
8 | Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC | 100,493 | 64.79 | 3.91 | 54,601 | 35.21 | 3.91 | |
9 | Ang Mo Kio GRC | 112,677 | 69.33 | 3.19 | 49,851 | 30.67 | 3.19 | |
10 | Hougang SMC | 8,065 | 35.2 | 2.1 | 14,850 | 64.8 | 2.1 |
Interpretive maps
Eventos postelectorales
Ruling party's immediate reactions
The People's Action Party's secretary-general, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, described the results as delivering his party a "clear mandate to form the next government".[42] In his post-election press conference, Lee said the polls had "heightened (voters') political consciousness and awareness", and admitted that "many of them desire to see more opposition voices in Parliament to check the PAP government".[43] He described the PAP's loss of Aljunied GRC, which resulted in George Yeo being voted out of Parliament and losing his position as foreign minister, as a "heavy loss to my Cabinet and my team of MPs", but said that the party would "accept and respect the voters' decision".[44] The country's Senior Minister, Goh Chok Tong, also admitted that "there is a sea change in the political landscape" after his team won Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency with just 56.6 percent of the vote.[45]
Opposition parties' immediate reactions
The Workers Party's secretary-general Low Thia Khiang said his team's win in Aljunied meant that voters had "accepted the WP as a rational, responsible and respected party".[46] In his victory speech, Low declared his win as a "political landmark in modern Singapore".[47][48] He added that it meant the electorate wanted to tell the PAP to be "a more responsive, inclusive, transparent and accountable government”.[6]
In a statement on its website, the Singapore Democratic Party thanked its supporters for their support, saying that it was for them that the party "(continues) to labour on in this undemocratic system with all the odds stacked against us."[49] Its assistant treasurer Vincent Wijeysingha, who stood in Holland–Bukit Timah Group Representation Constituency, said that the party's positive vote swing in its contested wards of almost 13 percent from the last elections was an "indicator that things are beginning to move up for our party."[50] In a second statement on its website, the SDP described its results as "disappointing", but promised to "build on the foundation that we have laid" for the next elections.[51] The party's secretary-general Chee Soon Juan, barred from standing in the election, went on to write an opinion piece for the Guardian, in which he said it "would have been a miracle" had the SDP won any seats, and accused the media in Singapore of suppressing news of the SDP's campaigning.[52]
Other than the PAP and WP, the only other opposition seat pre-election had been held by the Singapore People's Party, which lost it in the polls by just 114 votes. Chiam See Tong, the SPP's secretary-general, said his party would fight to win back Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency, and said that despite being defeated in Bishan–Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency, he would continue in politics, health permitting.[53] He also questioned the margin of votes in Potong Pasir, contested by his wife, saying there was "funny business" happening. A petition calling for a by-election in the constituency was started by SPP supporters and Potong Pasir residents.[54]
The National Solidarity Party, which contested the most seats of all opposition parties, admitted it may have taken on too much, with its leader Goh Meng Seng telling reporters that he would be "personally responsible" for the party's failure to win a single seat.[50] Its star candidate, Nicole Seah, said Singaporeans now had to unite as a country.[55] Seah, who contested in Marine Parade, also said there was "so much that needs to be done", and that she would continue her work in the area despite her team's defeat.[56]
The leader of the newest opposition party contesting the elections, the Reform Party's Kenneth Jeyaretnam, described his party as having "learnt a lot" and said they had "done very well", as the first new party in over 20 years. He added that the party was "very happy" at its result in West Coast Group Representation Constituency,[50] and that its second team had done "creditably" in Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency. Jeyaretnam also said the team being able to win the votes it did despite being a new party meant that its "core values resonate with the voters".[57]
The worst-performing party at the polls was the Singapore Democratic Alliance, whose secretary-general Desmond Lim polled under 5 percent of votes in Punggol East Single Member Constituency—the only three-way contest of the election—and lost a S$16,000 election deposit. He said voters had voted based on brand name, as the other opposition candidate in the ward was from the WP. The SDA also contested Pasir Ris–Punggol Group Representation Constituency, and Lim said the party was "very happy" at its positive vote swing from 2006 of over 4 percent. However, the SDA's anchorman in the constituency Harminder Pal Singh described the loss as a "time for painful reflection" and said the party would work harder to win more votes.[58]
Foreign reactions
At an ASEAN heads-of-state meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia, leaders of ASEAN nations reportedly told S. Jayakumar, Singapore's representative at the event, that they were "saddened, disappointed and surprised" at the news that foreign minister Yeo had been defeated, according to the state-run Straits Times,[59] while at the same meeting the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Tun Razak, said the PAP's win would mean a continuity in understanding between the Malaysian and Singaporean governments on bilateral issues.[60] The BBC described it as a landmark result.[61]
Non-Constituency Member of Parliament offers
Three Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMP) seats were offered after the election to the top three losing opposition candidates. The Singapore People's Party accepted the seat for Lina Chiam, ensuring that the Chiam family retained representation in Parliament. While Chiam See Tong has said he is opposed to the scheme, the SPP reasoned that it was "critical" to ensure an "alternative voice in Parliament", to allow the party to "remain engaged in national issues", and to be publicly visible until the next election due by 2016. Mrs Chiam also pointed out that she was "influenced by the wishes of Potong Pasir residents" and she accepted the post as her losing margin was too small.[62]
The Workers' Party was offered the final two NCMP seats for having the second and third best performing losing candidates, which it accepted despite Mr Low also disputing the scheme. Yee Jenn Jong was thus appointed for his performance in Joo Chiat SMC, but as it had to choose one member from the East Coast GRC team, the younger Gerald Giam was chosen over team leader and party treasurer Eric Tan as part of its leadership renewal process. Eric Tan resigned from the party, citing his disagreement with the appointment.[63]
On 16 May 2011, the three proposed NCMPs were formally appointed.[64]
Legado
Use of social media
The election saw a heavier use of social and online media compared to 2006 Singapore general election, especially to evade censorship in Singapore. It is widely perceived by the populace that the major state-run newspapers and broadcasters "align[ed] itself with the party's ideals and decisions" and that the electoral system was tilted against the Opposition.[27] It had been difficult to create alternative media until the rise of sites such as The Online Citizen and such internet tools such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs, which saw increased significance in the 2006 elections but became especially prominent in the 2011 elections. [65] According to The Economist, the PAP's aggressive modernisation of Singapore created "one of the world's most wired societies," leading to new media that "transformed" the electoral scene in Singapore. Characterising the state-run mainstream press as "docile", the Economist also argued that this also forced significantly more news coverage of the Opposition than in previous elections, since the mainstream media feared their readership deserting them.[27] One blogger from CNN wrote, "Thanks to social media, it doesn’t matter that the country’s largely state-run media leans towards reporting the actions of the PAP, no one’s reading anyway.".[65] The Economist however was more cynical in its analysis of the election: "in Singapore, winning 7% of parliamentary seats is tantamount to an opposition triumph".[27]
The first election in which a GRC was won by the Opposition
Traditionally regarded as a PAP "fortress", a GRC fell to the opposition for the first time in Singapore's political history. In previous elections, the Opposition had never won a GRC, which ostensibly ensure minority representation in parliament but also shut out smaller opposition parties with less resources. GRCs comprise over 86% of the seats, but the Opposition in previous elections would contest "less than half the seats". The election saw the most extensive use of co-ordination to avoid "three-cornered fights" and was also notable for seeing "two veteran MPs" making immense risks by choosing to contest in GRCs rather than their historical SMC strongholds.[27]
Signals to the ruling party
The election results were widely used in national and international discussions that the population was trying to send a message to a ruling party that "can also come across as smug, arrogant and high-handed" despite a win margin of over 20%, which usually counts as a landslide victory for most democratic nations but has been one of the narrowest margins since 1965.[27] The last election with a similarly narrow victory occurred in the 1963 Singapore general election, when the PAP's major opponent was the Barisan Sosialis—which in itself was a splinter group formed from the leftist wing of the PAP, where it had comprised 80% of the PAP grassroots membership, 35 out of the PAP's 51 branch committees and 19 of its 23 organising secretaries. According to the Economist, Singaporeans would prefer not to have an alternative government but a humbler one, as well as a "stronger opposition".
On 14 May, exactly a week after the election, Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew announced in a joint statement that they would be quitting the country's Cabinet, saying it was time for a "team of younger ministers" to "engage with this young generation in shaping the future of Singapore."[66] In a similar analysis by Bloomberg, the resignations and the ensuing cabinet reshuffle were the actions of a ruling party "seeking to overhaul its image with voters" whose "narrowest election victory on record signaled a shortfall in support among younger voters".[67] Analysts such as Citigroup economist Kit Wei Zheng believed that Minister Lee had contributed to the PAP's poor performance.[68]
Lee Kuan Yew was also quoted as saying that a younger generation was required to "carry Singapore forward in a more difficult and complex situation" while Lee Hsien Loong declared the party "would change the way it governs" and do some "soul-searching". A Singapore Management University professor said "[The PAP] will have to demonstrate that it remains a mass movement, and not [Lee Kuan Yew]’s alter ego," noting that younger Singaporeans do not see Lee Kuan Yew with the same godlike perception as older Singaporeans born before 1980.
Further retirements
Both losing ministers in Aljunied GRC, George Yeo and Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Lim Hwee Hua, announced their retirements from politics in separate news conferences given in the days after the election.[69][70] George Yeo, who remained popular online and continued to have "a flood of support" after the election and had been repeatedly urged to contest the next election, or even contest the 2011 Singaporean presidential election turned his supporters down, declaring, "I'm a free spirit, and I don't think I'm temperamentally suited for such a job."[71]
Ver también
- Elections in Singapore
- Constituencies of Singapore
- List of Singaporean electoral divisions
- List of political parties in Singapore
- 2011 Singapore Presidential Election - a second election held within the same year
- 2012 Hougang by-election and 2013 Punggol East by-election - two by-elections held after the election
Notas
- ^ After the ruling government sued him into bankruptcy, Chee Soon Juan is barred from standing in elections. The SDP was thus led by its assistant secretary-general, John Tan, contesting in Sembawang GRC.
- ^ 139,771 of the 2,350,873 registered voters were in uncontested constituencies.
Referencias
- ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Singapore". Attorney-General's Chambers of Singapore website. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ Good to have strong contest: PM Lee. Straitstimes.com (28 April 2011). Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ Stakes and risk very high for opposition: WP chief. Straitstimes.com (28 April 2011). Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ GE 82 of 87 seats contested. Channel NewsAsia (27 April 2011). Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ Singapore Parliamentary General Election 1972 Archived 2 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Singapore-elections.com. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ a b Brown, Kevin (8 May 2011). "Singapore opposition makes historic gains". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "81 out of 87 seats for PAP". Straits Times. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ a b Mydans, Seth (8 May 2011). "Singapore Loosens Grip on the Internet". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ Kor, Kian Beng (13 May 2011). "SPP accepts NCMP offer for Mrs Chiam". Straits Times. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Hussain, Zakir (13 May 2011). "WP's Yee Jenn Jong, Gerald Giam, to take up NCMP seats". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ a b c Channel News Asia. "3 bills tabled to amend Constitution, Presidential & Parliamentary elections". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
- ^ The Straits Times. "Singapore's constitutional amendments passed". Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "SDP's Chee Soon Juan declared bankrupt, cannot stand for elections till 2011". Channel NewsAsia. 10 February 2006. By Farah Abdul Rahim.
- ^ "Jeyaretnam reinstated as an attorney after appeal is accepted". TODAY website. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ The Straits Times. "JBJ dies of heart attack". Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ "Central Executive Committee". Reform Party website. Reform Party. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ "Electoral Boundaries Review Committee report accepted". Channel NewsAsia. 24 February 2011. By S Ramesh.
- ^ "GE: GE: 11 new constituencies drawn up". cna. 24 February 2011.
- ^ "GE: How many voters does each GRC get?". cna. 24 February 2011.
- ^ "General Election 2011 – Retired MPs". ge.sg. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "MediaCorp presents a political forum on Singapore's future". Mediacorp website. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ Loudon, Bruce (9 May 2011). "Singapore's ruling party chastened in poll". The Australian. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ Singapore Police Force – Media Information Centre Archived 1 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Spf.gov.sg. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ^ "GE: Live streaming of Thursday's rallies". ge.sg. 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ a b Xuanwei, Teo (25 April 2011). "Netizens attempt to identify video SDP accused of 'suppressing'". Today Online. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ Mokhtar, Faris (24 April 2011). "SDP, PAP clash over mystery videoe". Yahoo News. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "Low expectations". The Economist. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ Sim Bryna, Melvin Singh (16 May 2011). "Is Singapore ready for a GAY MP?". The New Paper. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
- ^ Paulo, Derrick (7 May 2011). "Drama over video, YOG and economic policies". Today Online. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ Mokhtar, Faris (28 April 2011). "Vivian Balakrishnan: Let's not talk about the video anymore". Yahoo News. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ "RazorTV interview with Nicole Seah in MacPherson". Straits Times RazorTV. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ a b "NSP advised to make police report". Straits Times. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ "Tin Pei Ling's Cooling-off Day 'comment' pursue or not?". Channel NewsAsia. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Update On Four Police Cases Related To Possible Offences Committed During The General Election 2011" (Press release). Singapore Police Force. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Wong, Tessa (10 May 2011). "Yam Ah Mee: GE's new Internet star". Straits Times. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ "GE: Singapore's PAP returns to power". Channel NewsAsia. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ "GE: "We hear all your voices", says PM Lee". Channel NewsAsia. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ "Singapore opposition make 'landmark' election gains". BBC News Online. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ "A Singaporean minister again in a hot seat". Straits Times. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ "93.18% of registered electors voted in GE 2011". Straits Times. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "2011 Parliamentary General Election results". Singapore Elections Department. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ Ibrahim, Zuraidah (8 May 2011). "81-6: Workers' Party wins Aljunied GRC; PAP vote share dips to 60.1%". Sunday Times. p. 1.
- ^ "Pledge to serve responsibly and humbly". Sunday Times. 8 May 2011.
- ^ Rajaram, Chitra (8 May 2011). "GE "We hear all your voices", says PM Lee – General Election 2011". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Chow, Jermyn (9 May 2011). "SM Goh: The tide was very strong". Straits Times. p. A6.
- ^ Kor, Kian Beng; Chong, Zi Liang (9 May 2011). "Voters back WP's style of politics, says Low". Straits Times. p. 1.
- ^ Ibrahim, Zuraidah (8 May 2011). "Victory for Low, defeat for Chiam". Sunday Times. p. 4.
- ^ "GE: Aljunied win a political landmark, says WP's Low". Channel NewsAsia. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Thank you". Singapore Democratic Party. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ a b c Saad, Imelda (8 May 2011). "Opposition parties reflect on post-election results". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Democrats start preparation for next GE". Singapore Democratic Party. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Chee, Soon Juan (10 May 2011). "Singapore is taking the first steps to true democracy". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Choo, Evelyn (8 May 2011). "GE: We'll win Potong Pasir back". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Ng, Jing Ying (9 May 2011). "I think there is some funny business going on, says Chiam". TODAYonline. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "GE: Nicole Seah urges Singaporeans to come together as one country". Channel NewsAsia. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Kelly, Rachel (8 May 2011). "GE: NSP's Nicole Seah continues her visits in Marine Parade GRC". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Reform Party thanks its supporters". Channel NewsAsia. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Abdul Khamid, Hetty Musfirah (8 May 2011). "GE: We'll be back, says SDA's Desmond Lim". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Nazeer, Zubaidah (9 May 2011). "Asean leaders saddened by George Yeo's exit: Jaya". Straits Times. p. A5.
- ^ Yahya, Ahmad Fuad (8 May 2011). "BERNAMA – PAP's Victory Favourable To Malaysia-Singapore Ties". Bernama. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ "Opposition gain in Singapore poll". BBC News. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Moktar, Faris (12 May 2011). "Lina Chiam takes up NCMP seat". Yahoo!. SingaporeScene – Yahoo! News. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ^ Fong, Tanya (13 May 2011). "Workers' Party's Eric Tan quits because... – General Election 2011". Today. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Kor, Kian Beng (16 May 2011). "Three NCMPs formally announced". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ a b Fang, Charlene (7 May 2011). "Why this Singapore General Election is important". CNNGo. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ Chang, Rachel (14 May 2011). "MM Lee, SM Goh to retire from Cabinet". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
- ^ Adam, Shamim (15 May 2011). "Lee Kuan Yew Ends Five-Decade Role in Singapore Cabinet After Poll Setback". Bloomberg. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ "'Father of Singapore' Lee Kuan Yew Dies at 91". Time. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Li, Xueying (11 May 2011). "George Yeo exiting politics, will not run for Presidency". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Lim Hwee Hua will not contest next election". Straits Times. 11 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Ong, Dai Lin (11 May 2011). "I'm disappointed, but this is politics, says George Yeo". Today (Singapore newspaper). Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
enlaces externos
- Official elections webpage – Elections Department Singapore
- News about the General Election by MediaCorp
Other official information
- Parliamentary Elections Act Singapore Statutes Online, Chapter 218