2017-2018 protestas rusas


Las protestas rusas de 2017-2018 fueron una larga serie de acciones de protesta callejera y manifestaciones en todo el país en la Federación de Rusia , que estaban principalmente relacionadas con la represión de la corrupción en el gobierno ruso (desde el 26 de marzo de 2017 hasta la primavera de 2018) y el abandono del aumento planificado de la edad de jubilación ( desde el 14 de junio de 2018 hasta finales de 2018).

Las protestas anticorrupción comenzaron en marzo de 2017, pero se unieron y se superpusieron a las protestas de pensiones rusas de 2018 . Las protestas anticorrupción fueron dirigidas principalmente por Alexey Navalny , a quien se unieron participantes conocidos como el Partido Libertario , Rusia Abierta y Artpodgotovka . Algunas acciones se produjeron por motivos coyunturales [ aclaración necesaria ] aunque tuvieron su raíz en la corrupción en los diferentes niveles hasta las más altas esferas del poder ruso.

Las protestas y manifestaciones contra la corrupción en el gobierno ruso comenzaron en marzo de 2017 tras el estreno de la película de investigación He Is Not Dimon to You de la Fundación Anticorrupción de Alexey Navalny , en un momento en el que el país ya estaba tenso. El descontento se desencadenó por la supuesta actividad corrupta del primer ministro Dmitry Medvedev, tal como se presenta en la película, la demolición planificada de manera inadecuada de apartamentos en Moscú y las huelgas prolongadas de conductores de camiones relacionados con el sistema de peaje de Platon , que había estado en curso desde 2015.

Las protestas nacionales contra la presunta corrupción en el gobierno federal ruso tuvieron lugar simultáneamente en más de 100 ciudades de todo el país el 26 de marzo de 2017. Fueron causadas por la respuesta despectiva de las autoridades rusas a la película de investigación publicada He Is Not Dimon to You , que había obtenido más de 23 millones de visitas en YouTube . El domingo por la noche, la policía antidisturbios con chalecos antibalas y cascos había detenido a más de 1000 manifestantes en el centro de Moscú, mientras la multitud, de decenas de miles, vitoreaba, silbaba y coreaba: "¡Qué vergüenza!", "¡Medvedev, renuncia!" y "¡Putin es un ladrón!" [19] La encuesta del Centro Levada mostró que el 38% de los rusos encuestados apoyaba las protestas y que el 67% consideraba a Putin "enteramente" o "en gran medida" responsable de la corrupción de alto nivel. [20] [21] [22]

Una nueva ola de protestas masivas se produjo el 12 de junio de 2017. Después del arresto de Alexei Navalny el 29 de septiembre, horas antes de una concentración prevista en Nizhny Novgorod , se anunció una nueva ola de protestas para el 7 de octubre, el cumpleaños de Vladimir Putin . [23] [24] Las protestas y los levantamientos continuaron en 2018 con una tendencia a la radicalización: un número récord de manifestantes fue detenido el 5 de mayo, dos días antes de la toma de posesión de Putin. Se llevaron a cabo manifestaciones masivas en más de 60 ciudades de toda Rusia.

Protestas en Moscú

En marzo de 2017, Alexei Navalny y su Fundación Anticorrupción lanzaron la campaña No es Dimon para usted , acusando a Dmitry Medvedev , primer ministro y ex presidente de Rusia, de corrupción. [25] Las autoridades ignoraron el informe elaborado por Navalny y comentaron que el informe fue emitido por un "criminal condenado" y no valía la pena comentarlo.

El 26 de marzo, Navalny organizó una serie de manifestaciones anticorrupción en diferentes ciudades de Rusia. Este llamamiento fue respondido por los representantes de 95 ciudades rusas y cuatro ciudades en el extranjero: Londres, Praga, Basilea y Bonn. [26] En algunas ciudades, las manifestaciones fueron sancionadas por las autoridades, pero en otras, incluido San Petersburgo, estaban prohibidas. Las autoridades de Moscú rechazaron la solicitud de evento de Navalny en el centro de la ciudad, pero no sugirieron ninguna ubicación alternativa. Navalny se refirió a una decisión del Tribunal Constitucional y declaró [ aclaración necesaria ] que el evento estaba permitido. [27] La policía de Moscú dijo que 500 personas habían sido detenidas, pero según el grupo de derechos humanos OVD-Info, 1.030 personas fueron detenidas solo en Moscú, incluido el propio Navalny. [28] [29] [30]

El Departamento Principal del Ministerio del Interior publicó un mensaje en su sitio web oficial con un llamado a los residentes de Moscú para que no se unieran al evento. Dijo que la acción en Moscú no estaba coordinada con el municipio y era ilegal. [31]

26 de marzo de 2017

"> Reproducir medios
Los manifestantes en Ekaterimburgo cantan El que no salta es Dimon
Alexei Navalny arrestado durante las protestas de marzo

El 26 de marzo, unas 60.000 personas participaron en protestas anticorrupción en 80 pueblos y ciudades rusas y cientos de manifestantes fueron detenidos, incluido el líder de la oposición Alexei Navalny y empleados de la Fundación Anticorrupción . [32] [33]

Según Human Rights Watch , las autoridades rusas han acosado, intimidado o amenazado con expulsar a escolares y estudiantes universitarios que participaron en manifestaciones anticorrupción el 26 de marzo. Setenta niños fueron arrestados solo en Moscú. [34]

El Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos condenó la detención de manifestantes, incluido Alexei Navalny, y afirmó que "detener a manifestantes pacíficos, observadores de derechos humanos y periodistas es una afrenta a los valores democráticos fundamentales". [35]

Número de manifestantes

29 April 2017

Action organized by the Open Russia civic movement led by Mikhail Khodorkovsky took place in dozens of cities all across Russia. Action was called "Fed up with" ("Nadoel" in Russian) with the aim to urge for changes in Russian political rule. Protestors called for Putin and government to resign. In Saint Petersburg, Tyumen, Kemerovo, Tula and several other cities rallies were suppressed by police, with a total of 200 people being detained countrywide.[98] As a consequence, the Open Russia organization was labeled as "undesirable" by Russia's prosecutor general, so that it was officially banned from operating in the country and its website was blocked by official Media Authorities Roscomnadzor [99]

12 June 2017

A new wave of protests with the same goals was announced by Navalny on spring. They took place in even more cities. They occurred in 154 towns and cities. According to Reuters and rights groups, tens of thousands of protesters attended and more than one thousand were detained. A Moscow court sentenced Navalny to 30 days in prison for calling people to the protest.[100][33]

White House spokesman Sean Spicer condemned the arrest of protesters and called for their release. Russian authorities rejected US petitions and criticised the widening on the sanctions against Russia.[101][102]

7 October 2017

Protest actions against corruption in the highest echelons of the Russian government were held on 7 October 2017, on the day of the 65th anniversary of V.V. Putin in the form of rallies, processions and single pickets in 79 cities of Russia. At the rallies came from 2560 to 21,520 people, like the supporters of Navalny, and his opponents. The main rallies were rallies in St. Petersburg and Moscow. In Saint Petersburg, the action began on the Field of Mars, and in Moscow on Tverskaya Street. The reason for their conduct were facts of corruption V.V. Putin and his associates. 290 participants of the action were detained.

5 November 2017

In Moscow, many police were present, the Okhotny Ryad station was closed. The police conducted selective searches of citizens, many were taken away in padded wagons. At 13:00 on the message OVD-Info in Moscow, 82 people were detained. 2 people were detained in Saint Petersburg, 4 in Krasnoyarsk. Also detained a representative of the "Echo of Moscow". Later in Saint Petersburg, another 10 people were detained near the Smolny Institute.

At 21:00 on the message OVD-Info, the number of detainees increased to 448 people. Most of the detentions took place in Moscow – 339, in Saint Petersburg 21 people, according to unconfirmed reports, 49 of them – minors. It remains to spend the night in the police departments, on the night of 6 November, about 112 people.

28 January 2018

Protests within the framework of the "Strike of voters" were held on 28 January 2018 in the form of rallies, processions and solitary pickets in 118 cities of Russia. The reason was the refusal of the CEC to register at the election of Alexei Navalny, after which he announced a protest on 28 January, and urged all his supporters not to come to the elections and agitate others not to take part in them. The Ministry of Internal Affairs estimated the number of participants in the shares of 3500–4500 people, the HROs – in 5000. According to the supporters of Navalny, the participants were much more. The New Times, referring to eyewitnesses, reported 4,000–5,000 protesters in Moscow and 2,000–3,000 in Saint Petersburg. In Yekaterinburg, in an agreed action, Mayor Yevgeny Roizman and Navaly Head of Staff Leonid Volkov took part and spoke at the rally. The presidential candidate, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, spoke with several protestors on Tverskaya Street in Moscow. According to various estimates, about 15,000 people took part in the protests.

30 April 2018

Approximately 13,000 people gathered in Moscow central Sakharov square for a protest rally to urge government to unblock Telegram Messenger.[103] The app was blocked by Roscomnadzor, Russian media authorities who claimed it was used to coordinate terror attacks. Protesters denounced the block as the censorship act and freedom of speech violation.

5 May 2018

«He's not our tsar» rally in Moscow, 5 May 2018
Rally In Chelyabinsk

Mass protest actions and rallies took place in 90 towns and cities over the country against Vladimir Putin fourth inauguration. Alexey Navalny in his blog compared Vladimir Putin with a tsar. More than thousand people were arrested countrywide. The majority of people were detained in Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Yakutsk, Krasnodar, Tolyatti, Krasnoyarsk, Voronezh, Astrakhan, Penza, Kaluga, Belgorod, Novokuznetsk, Vladimir and Samara. [104]

July–September 2018

Volunteers and employees of Newcaster.TV and Anti-corruption Foundation arrested in Moscow

From July, almost every weekend, protest rallies and demonstrations were organized against the planned retirement age hike. Such events occurred in nearly all major cities countrywide including Novosibirsk, St.-Petersburg and Moscow. Total number of participants exceeded 200 thousands, with maximal single-event attendance of about 15 thousands (in Moscow). These events were coordinated by all opposition parties with the leading role of the communists. Also trade unions and some individual politicians (among whom Navalny) functioned as organizers of the public actions.

The most noticeable street rallies, related with the retirement-age reform, proceeded on 1 July, 18, 28 July-29 July, 2 September and 9 September 2018.[105] So, on 2 September, large-scale anti-reform manifestations were led by the Russian communists and some other left-wing oppositional political forces.[106] A week later, on 9 September, the rallies were organized by Alexey Navalny all over Russia, over 800 people were detained.[107][108][109]

The Anti-Corruption Foundation building was evacuated due to a bomb message, interrupting the webcast of the protest conducted from the office. Soon the staff of the Foundation were detained by police, who also began to conduct searches and seizure of equipment.[citation needed]

Some time later, Alexei Navalny was charged with organizing an unlawful meeting. An ACF employee and the head of the Moscow branch of the unregistered "Party of progress" Nikolay Lyaskin was detained for 25 days. Leonid Volkov, the head of Alexei Navalny's presidential campaign, was charged with extremism.[110]

About 1,000 people were detained overall, most of whom were released on Monday. Many detainees were under 25 years of age. This protest is considered by critics of the Russian government to be the biggest since the March 2012 Bolotnaya protests for Moscow, which happened in reaction to Putin's election. Pro-government critics, however, linked Navalny's activities with appealing to the Russian youth, mainly by promoting "rebellious movements" as a way of spending free time.[citation needed]

In May, Yury Kuly was sentenced to 8 months in jail, and on 24 May Alexander Shpakov was sentenced for 1.5 years in jail, both for alleged violence against the police on the 26 March rally in Moscow.[111]

Police circles a group of protesters in Saint Petersburg, 12 June 2017

An April 2017 Levada poll found that 45% of surveyed Russians support the resignation of Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev,[112] while 33% opposed. Newsweek reported that "An opinion poll by the Moscow-based Levada Center indicated that 38 percent of Russians supported the rallies and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption".[22]

A May 2017 Levada poll found that 58% of surveyed Russians supported the protests, while 23% said they disapprove.[113]

Protests, meeting and pickets have been erupted in 79-154 towns and cities. Some protests ended with mass arrests and clashes with police (such as Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg).

Moscow

Saint-Petersburg

Chelyabinsk

On 5 May, an estimated 2,000 to 5,000 protests have taken to the streets, protesters clashed with police, which resulted in arrests of 164 to 200. There are no official figures.

Krasnodar

Russian state television completely ignored the protests on Sunday. Monday morning's bulletins were similarly blank. Pro-Kremlin newspapers also ignored the protests.[114]

Across the country students have reported being press-ganged into lectures warning them of the perils of supporting those opposed to Putin. Some schools and universities have simply tasked teachers with persuading their students not to go to protests. "They don't have the right to 'reeducate' us, to change our political views," a 13-year-old student said. "I think they're doing this because they're afraid. They know that one day we'll be able to vote."[115]

Alisa Vox, a Russian singer, appeared in the video for "Baby Boy", posted online on 15 May. It has amassed more than 2.1 million views and more than a quarter of a million 'dislikes', or downvotes.

Navalny said Vox's video was a Russian government PR stunt to dissuade his supporters that she had received money for.[116]

In many cities, on the day of the protest, the public transport route was specially changed so that it was more difficult for people to get to the protest.

The protest actions on 12 June 7 October, 5 November 2017 and 28 January 2018 were not mentioned at all on state-owned TV channels and the media.[citation needed]

  • Navalny in Moscow,
    26 March 2017

  • Field of Mars, St. Petersburg,
    26 March 2017

  • Markin Square, Nizhny Novgorod,
    26 March 2017

  • Yekaterinburg,
    26 March 2017

  • Kaliningrad,
    26 March 2017

  • Cheboksary,
    26 March 2017

  • Khabarovsk,
    26 March 2017

  • Samara,
    12 June 2017

  • Yekaterinburg,
    12 June 2017

  • Saint Petersburg,
    12 June 2017

  • Field of Mars, OMON during the rally,
    12 June 2017

  • Rally in the city of Chelyabinsk, 5 May 2018

  • 2011–13 Russian protests
  • 2014 anti-war protests in Russia
  • 2017 Belarusian protests
  • 2018 Russian pension protests
  • 2019 Moscow protests
  • 2021 Russian protests
  • List of protests in the 21st century

  1. ^ On 26 March, 29 April, 12 June, 7 October, 5 November 2017 and 28 January, 5 May 2018.

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  • Russia protests: Opposition leader Navalny and hundreds others arrested (BBC News)