Elecciones generales indias de 2019

Elections for the 17th Lok Sabha

Elecciones generales indias de 2019

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542 [a] (de los 545) escaños en la Lok Sabha 272 escaños necesarios para una mayoría
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First party Second party Third party   Líder Narendra Modi Rahul Gandhi MK Stalin Fiesta BJP C ª DMK Alianza NDA UPA UPA Líder desde 13 de septiembre de 2013 11 de diciembre de 2017 28 de agosto de 2018 Asiento del líder Varanasi ( ganó ) Wayanad ( ganó ) y Amethi  ( perdió ) No impugnó Ultima eleccion 282 44 0 Asientos ganados 303 52 23 [b] Cambio de asiento 21 8 23 Voto popular 229,076,879 119,495,214 13,877,992 Porcentaje 37,36% 21,01% 2,26% Balancearse 6,02% 1,03% 0,50%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Líder Mamata Banerjee YS Jaganmohan Reddy Uddhav Thackeray Fiesta AITC YSRCP SHS Alianza FF Ninguno NDA Líder desde 1998 2011 2013 Asiento del líder No impugnó No impugnó No impugnó Ultima eleccion 34 9 18 Asientos ganados 22 22 18 Cambio de asiento 12 13 Voto popular 24,929,330 15,537,006 12,858,904 Porcentaje 4,07% 2,53% 2,10% Balancearse 0,19% 0,02% 0,23%   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Líder Nitish Kumar Naveen Patnaik Mayawati Fiesta JD (U) BJD BSP Alianza NDA Ninguno MGB Líder desde 2016 2000 2003 Asiento del líder No impugnó No impugnó No impugnó Ultima eleccion 2 20 0 Asientos ganados dieciséis 12 10 Cambio de asiento 14 8 10 Voto popular 8,926,679 10.174.021 22,246,501 Porcentaje 1,46% 1,66% 3,63% Balancearse 0,37% 0,07% 0,56%
Resultados de asientos por circunscripción. Como se trata de una elección del FPTP , los totales de escaños no se determinan de forma proporcional a la participación total de votos de cada partido, sino por la distribución en cada distrito electoral.
Primer Ministro antes de las elecciones Narendra Modi BJP Primer Ministro después de las elecciones Narendra Modi BJP

Las elecciones generales indias de 2019 se celebraron en siete fases del 11 de abril al 19 de mayo de 2019 para constituir el 17 ° Lok Sabha . Los votos fueron contados y el resultado declarado el 23 de mayo. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} Aproximadamente 911 millones de personas fueron elegibles para votar, y la participación de votantes fue de más del 67 por ciento, la más alta de la historia, así como la participación más alta de mujeres votantes. ^{[5] [6] [c]}

El Partido Bharatiya Janata ganó 303 escaños, aumentando aún más su sustancial mayoría ^[8] y la Alianza Democrática Nacional (NDA) liderada por el BJP ganó 353 escaños. ^[9] El BJP obtuvo el 37,46% de los votos, mientras que el voto combinado de la NDA fue el 45% de los 603,7 millones de votos que fueron encuestados. ^{[10] [11]} El Congreso Nacional de la India ganó solo 52 escaños, sin obtener nuevamente el 10% o los 55 escaños necesarios para reclamar el puesto de líder de la oposición, y la Alianza Progresista Unida dirigida por el Congreso ganó 91. Otros partidos y sus las alianzas obtuvieron 98 escaños. ^[12]

Las elecciones a la asamblea legislativa en los estados de Andhra Pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh , Odisha y Sikkim se llevaron a cabo simultáneamente con las elecciones generales, ^{[13] [14]} así como elecciones parciales a veintidós escaños de la Asamblea Legislativa de Tamil Nadu. ^[15]

Sistema electoral

Los 543 parlamentarios electos son elegidos de distritos electorales de un solo miembro mediante la votación de primero después del cargo . El presidente de la India nombra a dos miembros adicionales de la comunidad angloindia si cree que la comunidad está subrepresentada. ^[dieciséis]

Los votantes elegibles deben ser ciudadanos indios, mayores de 18 años, residentes ordinarios del área de votación de la circunscripción y registrados para votar (nombre incluido en las listas electorales), poseer una tarjeta de identificación de votante válida emitida por la Comisión Electoral de la India o un equivalente. ^[17] Algunas personas condenadas por delitos electorales o de otro tipo no pueden votar. ^[18]

Las elecciones se llevan a cabo según lo programado y según la Constitución de la India que ordena elecciones parlamentarias una vez cada cinco años. ^[19]

Calendario de elecciones

Logotipo oficial,
"Desh ka Maha त्यौहार"

Calendario de elecciones

El calendario de elecciones fue anunciado por la Comisión Electoral de la India (ECI) el 10 de marzo de 2019, y con él entró en vigor el Código Modelo de Conducta . ^{[20] [21]}

La elección estaba programada para celebrarse en siete fases. En Bihar, Uttar Pradesh y Bengala Occidental, la elección se llevó a cabo en las siete fases. La votación para el distrito electoral de Anantnag en el estado de Jammu y Cachemira se llevó a cabo en tres fases, debido a la violencia en la región. ^[22]

Distritos electorales por fases en cada estado

Estado / territorio de la Unión	Total distritos electorales	Fechas de elección y número de distritos electorales
		Fase 1	Fase 2	Fase 3	Fase 4	Fase 5	Fase 6	Fase 7
		11 de abril	18 de abril	23 de abril	29 de abril	6 de mayo	12 de mayo	19 de mayo
Andhra Pradesh	25	25
Arunachal Pradesh	2	2
Assam	14	5	5	4
Bihar	40	4	5	5	5	5	8	8
Chhattisgarh	11	1	3	7
Ir a	2			2
Gujarat	26			26
Haryana	10						10
Himachal Pradesh	4							4
Jammu y Cachemira	6	2	2	1 ⁄ 3 [n 1]	1 ⁄ 3 [n 1]	1 1 ⁄ 3 [n 1]
Jharkhand	14				3	4	4	3
Karnataka	28		14	14
Kerala	20			20
Madhya Pradesh	29				6	7	8	8
Maharashtra	48	7	10	14	17
Manipur	2	1	1
Meghalaya	2	2
Mizoram	1	1
Nagaland	1	1
Odisha	21	4	5	6	6
Punjab	13							13
Rajasthan	25				13	12
Sikkim	1	1
Tamil Nadu	39		38 [n 2]
Telangana	17	17
Tripura	2	1		1 [n 3]
Uttar Pradesh	80	8	8	10	13	14	14	13
Uttarakhand	5	5
al oeste de Bengala	42	2	3	5	8	7	8	9
Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1	1
Chandigarh	1							1
Dadra y Nagar Haveli	1			1
Daman y Diu	1			1
Delhi	7						7
Lakshadweep	1	1
Puducherry	1		1
Distritos electorales	543	91	95	116 1 ⁄ 3	71 1 ⁄ 3	50 1 ⁄ 3	59	59
Total de distritos electorales al final de la fase	542	91	186	302 1 ⁄ 3	373 2 ⁄ 3	424	483	542 [n 2]
% completado al final de la fase		17%	34%	56%	69%	78%	89%	100%

1. votación en Anantnag se programó para tres días.
2. Se canceló el sondeo en Vellore . ( ver más abajo )
3. votación en Tripura East se reprogramó del 18 al 23 de abril.

Votación reprogramada, cancelaciones

• Vellore , Tamil Nadu : Se confiscaron más de ₹ 11 crore (US $ 1,5 millones) en efectivo en Vellore a los líderes de DMK , un partido regional en Tamil Nadu. Según The News Minute , se alega que este dinero fue para sobornar a los votantes. ^[23] Sobre la base de las pruebas recopiladas durante las redadas, la Comisión Electoral de la India canceló la fecha de las elecciones del 18 de abril en el distrito electoral de Vellore . Los líderes de DMK negaron haber actuado mal y alegaron una conspiración. ^[24]
• Tripura East , Tripura : La Comisión Electoral de la India aplazó las elecciones del 18 al 23 de abril debido a la situación de la ley y el orden. ^[25] El panel de votación tomó la decisión tras los informes de los Observadores Especiales de la Policía de que las circunstancias no propiciaban la celebración de elecciones libres y justas en el distrito electoral. ^[26]

Campaña

Artículo principal: Hacer campaña en las elecciones generales indias de 2019

Problemas

Denuncias de debilitamiento de las instituciones

Los partidos de oposición acusaron al gobierno de la NDA de destruir instituciones y procesos democráticos. ^[27] Modi negó estas acusaciones y culpó al Congreso ya los comunistas por socavar instituciones como la policía, la CBI y el CAG, y citó el asesinato de activistas del BJP en Kerala y Madhya Pradesh. ^[28] El partido del Congreso, junto con otros partidos de oposición y un grupo de funcionarios jubilados, acusó a la ECI de estar comprometida e insinuó que respaldaba el código modelo de violaciones de conducta por parte de Narendra Modi y otros líderes políticos del BJP durante sus campañas. ^{[29] [30]}Otro grupo de 81 funcionarios públicos, jueces y académicos jubilados impugnó estas acusaciones, hizo contraacusaciones y afirmó que la ECI actuó de manera justa y similar en las presuntas violaciones de cualquiera de las partes. El grupo afirmó que esos ataques políticos contra la ICE eran un "intento deliberado de denigrar y deslegitimar las instituciones democráticas". ^{[30] [31]}

Desempeño económico

Según The Times of India , los principales logros económicos del actual gobierno de la NDA incluyeron una tasa de inflación inferior al 4%, la reforma del GST y el Código de Insolvencia y Quiebras . Sus programas, en los últimos años, que han tocado positivamente a muchas entre las masas indias, incluyen el Jan Dhan Yojana , gas de cocina rural y electricidad para hogares. ^[32] Según el FMI , la economía indiaha estado creciendo en los últimos años, su tasa de crecimiento del PIB se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo para las principales economías, y se espera que la India sea la principal economía de más rápido crecimiento en 2019-2020 y 2020-2021, con un PIB real proyectado para crecer a 7.3 por ciento. ^{[33] [34] [35]} Los datos de crecimiento del PIB han sido cuestionados ^[32] por un grupo de científicos sociales indios, economistas y la campaña electoral de la oposición política, mientras que un grupo de contadores públicos indios ha defendido los datos, el cálculo del PIB metodología, y cuestionó las motivaciones de quienes disputan las recientes estadísticas del PIB de la India. ^[36]

La campaña electoral de la oposición ha afirmado que tanto la desmonetización como la ley GST han "afectado gravemente a las pequeñas empresas, los agricultores y los trabajadores ocasionales", afirma The Times of India . ^{[32] [37]} El titular ha afirmado que heredaron un país del anterior gobierno liderado por el Congreso que era "un legado de parálisis política, corrupción y fragilidad económica", y que las políticas gubernamentales lideradas por el BJP han colocado a India en una mejor posición fundamentos económicos y una marcha rápida. ^[38] Modi afirma que su gobierno buscó la desmonetización en aras del interés nacional, su gobierno ha identificado y anulado el registro de 338.000 empresas fantasma, identificado y recuperado ₹ 130,000 crore(US $ 18 mil millones) en dinero negro desde 2014, y casi duplicó la base impositiva de India. ^{[39] [40]} El partido del Congreso disputa las afirmaciones de los titulares y ha alegado que las oficinas de BJP se han "convertido en centros de creación de dinero negro", y busca una investigación judicial sobre el acuerdo de Rafale con Francia y el papel de BJP en la corrupción. ^[41]

Seguridad nacional y terrorismo

Más información: escaramuzas fronterizas entre India y Pakistán (2019) y ataque aéreo de Balakot en 2019

En respuesta al ataque Pulwama de 2019 , la Fuerza Aérea de la India realizó ataques aéreos dentro de Pakistán , por primera vez desde la guerra Indo-Pak de 1971 . El conflicto en curso con Pakistán se convirtió en un factor significativo en las elecciones. Los partidos de oposición acusados ​​de politizar al ejército, mientras que el BJP respondió a sus acusaciones afirmando que las acusaciones planteadas por ellos estaban afectando negativamente la moral de las fuerzas armadas. ^[42]

Según el Pew Research Center , tanto antes como después del estallido de las recientes tensiones entre India y Pakistán, sus encuestas de 2018 y 2019 sugieren que la mayoría significativa de los votantes considera a Pakistán como una "amenaza muy grave" para su país, y que el terrorismo es un problema. un "problema muy grande". ^{[43] [44]}

Desempleo

Artículo principal: Desempleo en India

Según el Pew Research Center , la mayoría de los votantes indios considera la falta de oportunidades de empleo como un "gran problema" en su país. "Alrededor de 18,6 millones de indios estaban desempleados y otros 393,7 millones trabajan en empleos de mala calidad vulnerables al desplazamiento", afirmó el informe Pew. ^[44]

El gobierno no ha publicado oficialmente un informe sobre el desempleo preparado por la encuesta periódica de la fuerza laboral de la Oficina Nacional de Encuestas por Muestras (NSSO). Según Business Today , este informe es la "primera encuesta exhaustiva sobre el empleo realizada por una agencia gubernamental después de que el primer ministro Narendra Modi anunciara una medida de desmonetización en noviembre de 2016". Según este informe, la tasa de desempleo en la "situación habitual" ^{[d] de} 2017-2018 en la India es del 6,1 por ciento, la más alta en cuatro décadas. ^{[45] [d]} El gobierno ha afirmado que el informe no era definitivo. ^[50] Según la Organización Internacional del Trabajo(OIT): una agencia de las Naciones Unidas, el desempleo está aumentando en la India y la "tasa de desempleo en el país [India] se mantendrá en el 3,5 por ciento en 2018 y 2019, el mismo nivel de desempleo observado en 2017 y 2016", en lugar de disminuir a 3.4 por ciento como se había proyectado anteriormente. ^[51] Según el Informe de Perspectivas Sociales del Empleo en el Mundo de la OIT, la tasa de desempleo en la India ha estado en el rango del 3,4 al 3,6 por ciento en los períodos de 2009-2014 liderados por el gobierno de la UPA y 2014-2019 por el gobierno de la NDA. ^[51]

Los partidos de oposición afirmaron en su campaña electoral que el desempleo en India había alcanzado niveles de crisis. El gobierno de la NDA ha negado la existencia de una crisis laboral. ^{[52] El} primer ministro Narendra Modi afirmó que no faltan puestos de trabajo, pero que faltan datos precisos sobre puestos de trabajo. ^{[53] [54]}

La oposición ha atacado el desempeño del gobierno de la NDA con la NSSO reportó datos de desempleo del 6.1 por ciento. Modi y su gobierno han cuestionado este informe de estadísticas laborales, afirmando que "la mayoría de las encuestas que intentan capturar la tasa de desempleo están sesgadas ya que no cubren el sector no organizado, que representa el 85-90 por ciento de los empleos [en India]". ^[55]

Angustia agraria y rural

La campaña del partido del Congreso destacó la "angustia agraria" como un tema electoral. ^[56] La campaña del BJP destacó que el partido del Congreso había estado en el poder durante cinco generaciones de la dinastía Nehru y sus promesas pasadas y los temas de la campaña han estado vacíos. Afirmó que las recientes exenciones de préstamos para agricultores por parte del Congreso no han llegado a "ni siquiera el 10% de los agricultores" ni han ayudado a la situación financiera de los agricultores. BJP destaca que su "Kisan Samman Nidhi" ayuda a los pequeños agricultores en el momento de la siembra de semillas a través de un depósito directo de ₹ 6000 en sus cuentas. ^[57] La oposición acusó a esto como un intento de atraer votantes. ^[58]

Según The Times of India , un grupo de asociaciones de agricultores exigió que el manifiesto electoral de 2019 de los partidos políticos rivales debería prometer "mantener a la agricultura fuera de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC)" y que los intereses de los agricultores indios no deben verse comprometidos en tratados comerciales globales. ^[59] También exigieron exenciones de préstamos y ayuda a los ingresos para el sector agrícola. ^[59] Según Business Standard y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación , India ha sido testigo de cosechas récord en los últimos años, incluido 2017, cuando sus agricultores cultivaron más cereales que nunca. ^{[60] [61]}Sin embargo, los agricultores consideran que los "bajos precios remunerativos" que reciben en el mercado libre son demasiado bajos y la necesidad de que el gobierno indio establezca precios mínimos de apoyo más altos para los productos agrícolas. Estos agricultores consideran que esto es un tema para las elecciones generales de 2019. ^[60]

Política de la dinastía

El BJP destacó que el partido del Congreso ha confiado en Rahul Gandhi para el liderazgo desde 2013, su falta de instituciones internas del partido y afirmó que siempre que el Congreso ha estado en el poder, la libertad de prensa y las instituciones del gobierno indio han "recibido una dura paliza". ^{[62] [63]} Durante la campaña electoral, sus líderes mencionaron la Emergencia de 1975, el nepotismo, la corrupción y los abusos generalizados de los derechos humanos bajo el gobierno del Congreso en el pasado. ^{[62] [64] [65] El} líder de la alianza liderada por el Congreso, HD Kumaraswamy- el hijo de un ex primer ministro de la India y el ex primer ministro de Karnataka, respondió que "la India se desarrolló debido a la política de la dinastía", afirmando que "la política de la dinastía no es el tema principal, sino los problemas del país". ^[66] El Congreso alegó hipocresía por parte del BJP, alegando que el propio BJP forma alianzas con partidos basados ​​en dinastías como el Akali Dal en Punjab, y que los familiares de los líderes superiores del BJP como Rajnath Singh y Arun Jaitley han estado en política. también. ^[67]

Según un informe de IndiaSpend publicado por BloombergQuint, los partidos regionales más pequeños como la Conferencia Nacional de Jammu y Cachemira, el Partido Lok Jan Sakti, Shiromani Akali Dal, Biju Janata Dal y el Partido Samajwadi tienen densidades más altas de candidatos y representantes electos derivados de la dinastía. en años recientes. ^{[68] [69]} Si bien tanto el Congreso como el BJP también han nominado candidatos de dinastías políticas, afirma el informe, la diferencia entre ellos es que en el Congreso "el liderazgo de los principales partidos se ha transmitido de generación en generación dentro de la misma familia [de la dinastía Nehru Gandhi]", mientras que ha habido una diversidad histórica no dinástica en el liderazgo superior dentro del BJP. Según el informe, si bien el BJP también ha nominado candidatos de dinastías políticas, su mejor operación de relaciones públicas "puede saltar en su defensa cuando es atacado por los mismos motivos". ^[68]En contraste con el informe IndiaSpend, el análisis de Kanchan Chandra, un prominente profesor de Política, de las elecciones generales de 2004, 2009 y 2014 incluyó un hallazgo de que el partido del Congreso ha tenido aproximadamente dos o más parlamentarios dinásticos que el BJP en esas elecciones, y más alto que todos los principales partidos políticos de la India, excepto el Partido Samajwadi. ^{[70] [e]} Muchos de estos políticos dinásticos en la India que heredan los puestos de liderazgo nunca han tenido ningún trabajo y carecen de experiencia estatal o local, afirma Anjali Bohlken, profesora y erudita en ciencias políticas, y esto genera preocupaciones sobre el nepotismo y los nombramientos desenfrenados de sus propios amigos, parientes y compinches si son elegidos. ^[71]El BJP ha apuntado al partido del Congreso en las elecciones de 2019 por presunto nepotismo y una dinastía familiar para el liderazgo. ^{[62] [68]}

Controversias de la campaña

Redadas de impuestos sobre la renta

En abril de 2019, las redadas llevadas a cabo por el Departamento de Impuestos sobre la Renta encontraron paquetes de efectivo no contabilizado por un monto de ₹ 281 crore (US $ 39 millones), junto con licor y evidencia documental en locales de personas con conexiones cercanas con el primer ministro de Madhya Pradesh, Kamal Nath, del gobierno de Madhya Pradesh. Congreso. Modi ha destacado esta evidencia para atacar al Congreso en su campaña electoral, alegando que la corrupción es parte de la cultura del partido del Congreso. ^{[72] [73]}

Abusos de las redes sociales y noticias falsas

Según The New York Times y The Wall Street Journal , la elección atrajo un intento sistemático de difundir información errónea a través de las redes sociales. ^{[74] [75]} Facebook dijo que más de un centenar de estas cuentas de promoción que difunden desinformación se atribuyeron a "empleados del ala de relaciones públicas del ejército paquistaní ". ^{[74] [75]} Algunos otros se han relacionado con el INC y el BJP. ^{[74] [75]}

Los partidos políticos gastaron más de 53 millones de rupias (7,4 millones de dólares estadounidenses) con el mayor gasto de BJP en plataformas digitales para anuncios en línea. El BJP colocó 2.500 anuncios en Facebook mientras que el Congreso colocó 3.686 anuncios. ^[76] Según un estudio de Vidya Narayanan y sus colegas del Oxford Internet Institute , las redes sociales fueron utilizadas por todos los principales partidos y alianzas, y todos ellos enlazaron o publicaron contenido e imágenes divisivas y conspirativas. Según Narayanan, "una tercera parte de las imágenes del BJP, una cuarta parte de las imágenes del INC y una décima parte de las imágenes del SP-BSP fueron catalogadas como divisivas y conspirativas". ^{[77] [78]}El Narayanan et al. El estudio agregó que "observamos cantidades muy limitadas de discurso de odio, sangre o pornografía en las muestras de cualquiera de las plataformas" por parte del BJP, el Congreso o el SP-BSP, pero la elección incluyó proporcionalmente más información polarizante en las redes sociales que en otros países, excepto la presidencial de EE. UU. elección en 2016. ^[78]

Aproximadamente 50.000 historias de noticias falsas se publicaron durante las recientes elecciones de Lok Sabha y se compartieron 2 millones de veces, según un estudio realizado por la empresa de verificación de datos Logically. ^[79]

Acciones de las CE en virtud del artículo 324

La Comisión Electoral redujo la campaña de Bengala Occidental en un día, después de que un busto del ícono bengalí del siglo XIX, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, fuera vandalizado durante la séptima fase de la violencia electoral. ^[80]

Campañas de fiesta

Artículos principales: Campaña del Partido Bharatiya Janata para las elecciones generales de la India de 2019 y campaña del Congreso Nacional de la India para las elecciones generales de la India de 2019

• 12 de enero de 2019: el primer ministro Modi lanzó la campaña electoral del BJP. ^[81]
• 14 de febrero de 2019 - El presidente del INC, Rahul Gandhi, lanzó su campaña desde la aldea de Lal Dungri en Dharampur de Gujarat . ^[82]
• 24 de marzo de 2019 - El Partido Aam Aadmi inició su campaña en Delhi. ^{[83] [84]}
• 2 de abril de 2019 - El partido del Congreso de Trinamool lanzó su campaña desde Dinhata, Coochbehar. ^[85]
• 7 de abril de 2019: el Partido Bahujan Samaj y el Partido Samajwadi comenzaron a hacer campaña juntos como una alianza ( Mahagathbandhan ) junto con partidos regionales como Rashtriya Lok Dal . ^[86] Su primera campaña conjunta comenzó en Deoband en el distrito de Saharanpur de Uttar Pradesh . ^{[87] [88]}

Manifiestos del partido

Aspectos destacados del manifiesto del Congreso

El Congreso publicó su manifiesto, titulado El Congreso cumplirá el 3 de abril. ^{[89] [90]} Algunos de sus aspectos más destacados: ^{[89] [91] [92]}

• Introducir un Nyuntam Aay Yojana programa de bienestar en el que ₹ 72.000 (US $ 1.000) por año será transferido directamente a la cuenta bancaria de una mujer miembros de cada familia en los hogares más pobres 20 por ciento.
• Crear 1 millón de puestos de trabajo "Seva Mitra" en organismos gubernamentales locales rurales y urbanos. Llenar las 400.000 vacantes del gobierno central antes de marzo de 2020 y alentar a los gobiernos estatales a cubrir sus 2.000.000 de vacantes. Promulgar una ley que requiera que todos los empleadores no controlados por el gobierno con más de 100 empleados implementen un programa de aprendices.
• Promulgar una Comisión Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo Agrícola permanente e introducir un "Presupuesto de Kisan" (Presupuesto agrícola) en el parlamento todos los años. Renuncie a todos los préstamos para agricultores en todos los estados con montos pendientes.
• Promulgar una Ley de derecho a la propiedad familiar que proporcionará tierras gratis a todos los hogares que no posean una casa.
• Promulgar una Ley de Derecho a la Atención de la Salud y garantizar a todos los ciudadanos diagnósticos gratuitos, medicamentos gratuitos, hospitalización gratuita y atención ambulatoria gratuita. Duplicar el gasto en atención médica al 3 por ciento de su PIB para 2024.
• Duplicar el gasto en educación al 6 por ciento de su PIB para 2024.
• Revisar la ley nacional de GST de tres niveles impositivos a una única tasa impositiva moderada. Reducir a cero los impuestos sobre los productos exportados. Exentos del GST los bienes y servicios esenciales que actualmente no están exentos. Promulgar un nuevo Código de Impuestos Directos.
• Aumento y rápida construcción de carreteras nacionales. Modernizar la infraestructura ferroviaria de la India. Promover la energía verde. Promoción de la fabricación.
• Incrementar el gasto en defensa.
• Promulgar un Fondo Nacional de Elecciones, en el que los fondos públicos se distribuirán a partidos políticos reconocidos para ejecutar su campaña.
• Preservar un estatus especial y derechos especiales para los nativos de Jammu y Cachemira bajo los artículos 370 y 35A. ^[92]
• Enmendar la Ley de las Fuerzas Armadas (Poderes Especiales) de 1958 . Poner fin a la ley de sedición ( Sección 124A del Código Penal de la India ).

Aspectos destacados del manifiesto del BJP

El BJP publicó su manifiesto subtitulado Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat ( literalmente, "India resuelta, India empoderada ") el 8 de abril. ^{[93] [94]} Algunos de sus aspectos más destacados: ^{[92] [94] [95]}

• Duplicar los ingresos de los agricultores para 2022 al completar todos los proyectos de infraestructura de micro-riego importantes, abrir mercados adecuados y centros modernos de almacenamiento de productos agrícolas, implementar precios mínimos para los productos agrícolas, préstamos para agricultores y caminos rurales para todo clima. Introducir un proyecto de ley de pensiones para los agricultores pequeños y marginales para proporcionar seguridad social después de los 60 años.
• Incluir todas las escuelas secundarias bajo el ámbito de calidad de la junta nacional. Invertir ₹ 100,000 crore (US $ 14 mil millones) en educación superior, abrir nuevos puestos y aumentar los puestos en las escuelas de ingeniería, administración y derecho existentes. Establecer un centro de habilidades e innovaciones a nivel de cuadra en cada ciudad. Mejorar las oportunidades de educación superior para las mujeres mediante la introducción de programas de subsidios y apoyo financiero. Obtener el 10 por ciento de la contratación pública de empresas con más del 50 por ciento de empleadas.
• Asegure una casa pucca ( literalmente sólida, moderna), agua potable segura, inodoro, cilindro de gas LPG, electricidad y cuenta bancaria para cada familia. Reducir el porcentaje de familias que viven por debajo del umbral de pobreza a un solo dígito para 2024.
• Duplica la longitud de las carreteras nacionales. Mejore la calidad del combustible al exigir un 10 por ciento de etanol en la gasolina. Escale la capacidad de energía renovable a 175 GW.
• Electrifique y convierta a ancho de vía todas las vías del tren.
• Establecer 150.000 centros de salud y bienestar. Iniciar 75 nuevas facultades de medicina. Aumentar la proporción de médicos por población a 1: 1400. Instalaciones de cuidado infantil triple. Logre la inmunización del 100 por ciento de todos los bebés.
• Subir aún más la clasificación de India en " facilidad para hacer negocios ". Exportaciones dobles, introducir procedimientos de cumplimiento de ventanilla única para todas las empresas.
• Reducir la contaminación del aire eliminando toda la quema de residuos de cultivos .
• Digitalizar trámites y trámites, modernizar los juzgados.
• Lanzar y promover una Biblioteca Digital Nacional con libros electrónicos y revistas líderes para brindar conocimiento gratuito accesible a todos los estudiantes. Lanzar un programa "Estudiar en la India" para llevar a estudiantes extranjeros a institutos de educación superior.
• Privatización del sector de defensa, espacio y agricultura para el desarrollo de la India.
• Tolerancia cero para el terrorismo, financiar recursos para fortalecer la seguridad nacional, garantizar el bienestar de los veteranos y los soldados, modernizar las fuerzas policiales.
• Poner fin al estatus especial y los derechos especiales para los nativos de Jammu y Cachemira en virtud de los artículos 370 y 35A . ^[92]

Otras fiestas

Otros partidos nacionales y regionales también publicaron sus manifiestos:

• Los partidos regionales AIADMK y DMK , con sede en Tamil Nadu, publicaron su manifiesto el 18 de marzo de 2019, y cada uno prometió liberar a los siete tamiles encarcelados tras ser declarados culpables por su papel en el asesinato de Rajiv Gandhi , exlíder del partido del Congreso y primer ministro de India. El AIADMK prometió presionar por los derechos políticos del pueblo tamil en la región de Eelam de Sri Lanka , mientras que el DMK ha prometido la ciudadanía india a todos los expatriados de Sri Lanka. Según Deccan Herald, AIADMK ha prometido una transferencia en efectivo de ₹ 18,000(US $ 250) por año a "todas las familias por debajo del nivel de pobreza, mujeres indigentes, viudas sin ingresos, trabajadores agrícolas sin tierra con capacidades diferentes, trabajadores manuales rurales y urbanos y ancianos indigentes". La AIADMK también prometió aumentar el límite de exención de impuestos y las revisiones de la ley GST. El DMK prometió una investigación sobre el acuerdo de los aviones de combate Rafale y un plan para distribuir toallas sanitarias gratuitas a las mujeres trabajadoras junto con la creación de escuelas de artes marciales para niñas. ^[96]
• Biju Janata Dal (BJD) publicó su manifiesto el 9 de abril de 2019. Prometió un préstamo agrícola sin interés de ₹ 100.000 (US $ 1.400) a los agricultores cada año, un préstamo sin interés de ₹ 500.000 (US $ 7.000) para mujeres autónomas. grupos de autoayuda, 75 por ciento de los empleos de reserva en Odisha basados en empresas de Odisha la juventud, la educación gratuita a todas las niñas y una donación de asistencia matrimonio de ₹ 25.000 (US $ 350) a las hijas de las familias pobres. También prometió completar dos autopistas. ^[97]
• Partido Comunista de la India (Marxista) (CPIM) manifiesto prometió aumentar el salario mínimo a ₹ 216.000 (US $ 3.000) por año, una pensión de vejez de ₹ 72.000 (US $ 1.000) por año y distribución pública universal de 35 kilogramos de cereales para consumo humano por familia. También señaló la restauración del impuesto a la herencia y un aumento de los impuestos a las personas físicas y jurídicas. ^[98] También prometió gastar el 6 por ciento del PIB en educación, promulgando un derecho a la atención médica gratuita con un 3,5 por ciento del PIB en salud a corto plazo y un 5 por ciento a largo plazo, la introducción de controles de precios de los medicamentos esenciales , romper el monopolio de las multinacionales de la droga, así como promulgar un derecho al empleo garantizado en las zonas urbanas. ^[99]
• El Partido del Congreso Nacionalista (NCP) prometió iniciar conversaciones con Pakistán sobre terrorismo. También prometió expandir las relaciones comerciales y políticas con Rusia y buscar debilitar los lazos de Rusia con China y Pakistán. ^[100]
• El Partido Samajwadi prometió una pensión anual de ₹ 36,000 (US $ 500) a las familias pobres en forma de transferencia en efectivo a las mujeres. También ha propuesto un nuevo impuesto a la propiedad del 2 por ciento sobre las viviendas valoradas en más de ₹ 25,000,000 (US $ 350,000), así como un aumento de los impuestos sobre la renta de los ricos. También prometió crear 100.000 nuevos puestos de trabajo cada año. ^[101]
• Telugu Desam Party publicó su manifiesto el 5 de abril de 2019. Prometió préstamos sin intereses a los agricultores sin ningún límite, una subvención de ₹ 15,000 (US $ 210) por año a cada agricultor como apoyo a la inversión, una donación de ₹ 100,000 (US $ 1,400) a cada familia con una hija en el año de su matrimonio, un subsidio de desempleo de ₹ 3,000 (US $ 42) para cualquier joven que haya completado la educación intermedia y computadoras portátiles gratuitas para todos los estudiantes en el nivel intermedio. ^[102]
• El manifiesto de AITMC se publicó el 27 de marzo de 2019. Prometía una investigación judicial sobre la desmonetización, una revisión de la ley GST y trató de recuperar la Comisión de Planificación. También prometió atención médica gratuita, ampliando el "esquema de trabajo de 100 días" que opera actualmente en la India a un "esquema de trabajo de 200 días" junto con un aumento salarial. ^[103]
• El Partido Aam Aadmi publicó su manifiesto el 25 de abril de 2019 en el que prometía la plena condición de Estado para que Delhi le diera al gobierno de Delhi el control sobre la policía y otras instituciones. ^[104] El manifiesto prometía reservas del 85 por ciento en las universidades con sede en Delhi y puestos de trabajo para los votantes de Delhi y sus familias. ^{[105] [106]}

Financiamiento de campañas

Varias organizaciones ofrecieron diferentes estimaciones del costo de la campaña electoral. El Centro de Estudios de Medios de Nueva Delhi estimó que la campaña electoral podría superar los $ 7 mil millones. ^[107] Según la Asociación para las Reformas Democráticas (ADR), un organismo de control electoral, en el año financiero 2017-18 BJP recibió ₹ 4,370,000,000 (US $ 61 millones), aproximadamente 12 veces más donaciones que el Congreso y otros cinco partidos nacionales juntos. ^[107]

Los bonos electorales en denominaciones que van desde 1,000 rupias a 10 millones de rupias ($ 14 a $ 140,000) se pueden comprar y donar a un partido político. Los bonos no llevan el nombre del donante y están exentos de impuestos. ^{[108] [f] De} hecho, un portal de periodismo de datos de India, rastreó las donaciones de bonos electorales para 2018 bajo la Ley de Derecho a la Información de India. Según Factly, en 2018 se compraron y donaron bonos electorales por valor de aproximadamente ₹ 10,600,000,000 (US $ 150 millones). Según Bloomberg, esto representó el 31.2 por ciento de las donaciones políticas en 2018, mientras que el 51.4 por ciento del monto total donado fue inferior a ₹ 20,000(US $ 280) y estos también eran de donantes desconocidos. Aproximadamente el 47 por ciento de las donaciones a partidos políticos procedían de fuentes conocidas. ^[108] Entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de marzo de 2019, los donantes compraron bonos electorales por valor de ₹ 17,100,000,000 (USD 240 millones) y los donaron. ^[112] El gasto en las elecciones impulsa el PIB nacional, y el gasto electoral de 2009 contribuyó con alrededor del 0,5 por ciento al PIB. ^[113]

Según el Centro de Estudios de Medios, el BJP gastó más de Rs 280 mil millones (o el 45%) de los Rs 600 mil millones gastados por todos los partidos políticos durante las elecciones. ^{[114] El} Congreso cuestiona al BJP sobre sus gastos de sondeo ^[115]

Partidos y alianzas

Alianzas políticas

Artículos principales: Alianza Democrática Nacional , Alianza Progresista Unida , Mahagathbandhan (2019) , Frente de Izquierda (Bengala Occidental) y Frente Federal

Con la excepción de 2014, ningún partido ha ganado la mayoría de escaños en el Lok Sabha desde 1984 y, por lo tanto, formar alianzas es la norma en las elecciones indias.

Hubo cinco alianzas nacionales principales antes de las elecciones. Son la Alianza Democrática Nacional (NDA) encabezada por el BJP, la Alianza Progresista Unida (UPA) encabezada por el INC, Mahagathbandhan (o Gran Alianza), o MGB, Frente Federal encabezado por All India Trinamool Congress, y el frente izquierdo de Partidos de tendencia comunista. Dada la naturaleza volátil de la política de coalición en India, las alianzas pueden cambiar durante y después de las elecciones.

El INC no formó alianzas en estados donde está en competencia directa con el BJP. Estos estados incluyen Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh y Chhattisgarh. Formó alianzas con partidos regionales en Jammu y Cachemira, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Jharkhand y Kerala. ^[116]

En enero de 2019, el Partido Bahujan Samaj y el Partido Samajwadi anunciaron una gran alianza ( Mahagathbandhan ) para disputar 76 de los 80 escaños en Uttar Pradesh, dejando dos escaños, Amethi y Rae Bareli , para INC y otros dos para otros partidos políticos. ^[117]

Partidos políticos

Más de 650 partidos se disputaron en estas elecciones. La mayoría de ellos eran pequeños con atractivo regional. Los principales partidos son el Partido Bharatiya Janata (BJP) y el Congreso Nacional Indio (INC). Esta fue la primera vez que el BJP (437) disputó más escaños que el Congreso (421) en las elecciones de Lok Sabha. ^{[118] [119]}

Candidatos

Artículos principales: Lista de candidatos de la Alianza Nacional Democrática en las elecciones generales indias de 2019 , Lista de candidatos de la Alianza Progresista Unida en las elecciones generales indias de 2019 y Lista de candidatos del Frente de Izquierda en las elecciones generales indias de 2019

En total, 8.039 candidatos estaban en la refriega de 542 distritos electorales parlamentarios, es decir, 14,8 candidatos por distrito electoral en promedio, según PRS India, una ONG. ^[120]

Aproximadamente el 40% de los candidatos presentados por el partido Bharatiya Janata del primer ministro Narendra Modi tenían un caso penal en su contra. El Congreso, partido clave de la oposición, no se quedó atrás con el 39% de los candidatos con cargos penales, según el análisis de la Asociación de Reformas Democráticas. ^[121]

Partidos y alianzas que se disputan las elecciones de 2019

Fiestas		Estados / UT	Asientos disputados				Asientos ganados
			2019		2014	Balancearse	2019		2014	Balancearse
	Partido Aam Aadmi	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1	35			0	1	4	-3
		Bihar	3				0
		Chandigarh	1				0
		Ir a	2				0
		Haryana	3				0
		NCT DE Delhi	7				0
		Odisha	1				0
		Punjab	13				1
		Uttar Pradesh	4				0
	Unión de Estudiantes de Jharkhand (AJSU)	Jharkhand	1				1		0	+1
	Toda la India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	22				1		37	-36
	Toda la India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen	Bihar	1	3			0	2	1	+1
		Maharashtra	1				1
		Telangana	1				1
	Todo el Congreso de la India Trinamool	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1	62			0	22	34	-12
		Assam	8				0
		Bihar	1				0
		Jharkhand	6				0
		Odisha	3				0
		Tripura	1				0
		al oeste de Bengala	42				22
	Frente Democrático Unido de toda la India	Assam	3				1		3	-2
	Apna Dal (Soneylal)	Uttar Pradesh	2				2		0	+2
	Partido Bahujan Samaj	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1				0	10	0	+10
		Andhra Pradesh	3				0
		Arunachal Pradesh	0				0
		Assam
		Bihar	35				0
		Chandigarh	1				0
		Chhattisgarh	11				0
		Dadra y Nagar Haveli	1				0
		Daman y Diu	1				0
		Ir a
		Gujarat	25				0
		Haryana	8				0
		Himachal Pradesh	4				0
		Jammu y Cachemira	2				0
		Jharkhand	14				0
		Karnataka	28				0
		Kerala	dieciséis				0
		Lakshadweep
		Madhya Pradesh	25				0
		Maharashtra	44				0
		Manipur
		Meghalaya
		Mizoram
		Nagaland-
		NCT DE Delhi	5				0
		Odisha	17				0
		Puducherry	1				0
		Punjab	1				0
		Rajasthan	22				0
		Sikkim
		Tamil Nadu	35				0
		Telangana	5				0
		Tripura
		Uttar Pradesh	38				10
		Uttarakhand	4				0
		al oeste de Bengala	36				0
	Partido Bharatiya Janata	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1	436			0	303	282	+21
		Andhra Pradesh	25				0
		Arunachal Pradesh	2				2
		Assam	10				9
		Bihar	17				17
		Chandigarh	1				1
		Chhattisgarh	11				9
		Dadra y Nagar Haveli	1				0
		Daman y Diu	1				1
		Ir a	2				1
		Gujarat	26				26
		Haryana	10				10
		Himachal Pradesh	4				4
		Jammu y Cachemira	6				3
		Jharkhand	13				11
		Karnataka	27				25
		Kerala	15				0
		Lakshadweep	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	29				28
		Maharashtra	25				23
		Manipur	2				1
		Meghalaya	2				0
		Mizoram	1				0
		Nagaland-
		NCT DE Delhi	7				10
		Odisha	21				8
		Puducherry
		Punjab	3				2
		Rajasthan	24				24
		Sikkim	1				0
		Tamil Nadu	5				0
		Telangana	17				4
		Tripura	2				2
		Uttar Pradesh	76				62
		Uttarakhand	5				5
		al oeste de Bengala	42				18
	Biju Janata Dal	Odisha	21				12		20	-8
	Partido Comunista de la India	Andhra Pradesh	2	49			0	2	1	+1
		Assam	2				0
		Bihar	2				0
		Chhattisgarh	1				0
		Gujarat	1				0
		Haryana	1				0
		Jharkhand	3				0
		Karnataka	1				0
		Kerala	4				0
		Lakshadweep	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	4				0
		Maharashtra	2				0
		Manipur	1				0
		Odisha	1				0
		Punjab	2				0
		Rajasthan	3				0
		Tamil Nadu	2				2
		Telangana	2				0
		Uttar Pradesh	11				0
		al oeste de Bengala	3
	Partido Comunista de la India (MARXISTA)	Andhra Pradesh	2	69			0	3	9	-6
		Assam	2				0
		Bihar	1				0
		Himachal Pradesh	1				0
		Jharkhand	2				0
		Karnataka	1				0
		Kerala	14				1
		Lakshadweep	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	1				0
		Maharashtra	1				0
		Odisha	1				0
		Punjab	1				0
		Rajasthan	3				0
		Tamil Nadu	2				2
		Telangana	2				0
		Tripura	2				0
		Uttarakhand	1
		al oeste de Bengala	31
	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	24				24		0	+24
	Independiente	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	9	3443			0	4	3	+1
		Andhra Pradesh	99				0
		Arunachal Pradesh	2				0
		Assam	44				1
		Bihar	230				0
		Chandigarh	13				0
		Chhattisgarh	54				0
		Dadra y Nagar Haveli	4				1
		Daman y Diu	1				0
		Ir a	4				0
		Gujarat	197				0
		Haryana	85				0
		Himachal Pradesh	18				0
		Jammu y Cachemira	36				0
		Jharkhand	101				0
		Karnataka	264				1
		Kerala	115				0
		Lakshadweep	0				0
		Madhya Pradesh	175				0
		Maharashtra	418				1
		Manipur	5				0
		Meghalaya	3				0
		Mizoram	3				0
		Nagaland-	1				0
		NCT DE Delhi	43				0
		Odisha	31				0
		Puducherry	8				0
		Punjab	45				0
		Rajasthan	111				0
		Sikkim	2				0
		Tamil Nadu	542				0
		Telangana	299				0
		Tripura	9				0
		Uttar Pradesh	284				0
		Uttarakhand	17				0
		al oeste de Bengala	100				0
	Congreso Nacional Indio	Islas Andaman y Nicobar	1	421			1	52	44	+8
		Andhra Pradesh	25				0
		Arunachal Pradesh	2				0
		Assam	14				3
		Bihar	9				1
		Chandigarh	1				0
		Chhattisgarh	11				2
		Dadra y Nagar Haveli	1				0
		Daman y Diu	1				0
		Ir a	2				1
		Gujarat	26				0
		Haryana	10				0
		Himachal Pradesh	4				0
		Jammu y Cachemira	5				0
		Jharkhand	7				1
		Karnataka	21				1
		Kerala	dieciséis				15
		Lakshadweep	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	29				1
		Maharashtra	25				1
		Manipur	2				0
		Meghalaya	2				1
		Mizoram
		Nagaland-	1				0
		NCT DE Delhi	7				0
		Odisha	18				1
		Puducherry	1				1
		Punjab	13				1
		Rajasthan	25				0
		Sikkim	1				0
		Tamil Nadu	9				8
		Telangana	17				3
		Tripura	2				0
		Uttar Pradesh	67				1
		Uttarakhand	5				0
		al oeste de Bengala	40				2
	Indian Union Muslim League	Andhra Pradesh	3	9			0	3	2	+1
		Kerala	2				2
		Maharashtra	3				0
		Tamil Nadu	1				1
	Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (NC)	Jammu & Kashmir	3					3	0	+3
	Janata Dal (Secular)	Arunachal Pradesh	2	9			0	1	2	-1
		Karnataka	7				1
	Janata Dal (United)	Bihar	17	25			0	16	2	+14
		Jammu & Kashmir	1				0
		Lakshadweep	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	1				0
		Manipur	1				0
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	3				0
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	Bihar	4	13			0	1	2	-1
		Jharkhand	4				1
		Odisha	1				0
		West Bengal	4				0
	Kerala Congress(M)	Kerala	1				1		1	0
	Lok Janshakti Party	Bihar	6				6		6	0
	Mizo National Front (MNF)	Meghalaya	1				1		0	+1
	Naga People's Front	Manipur	1				1		0	+1
	National People's Party	Arunachal Pradesh	1	19			0	1	1	0
		Assam	7				0
		Manipur	1				0
		Meghalaya	2				1
		Nagaland	1				0
	Nationalist Congress Party	Assam	2	34			0	5	6	-1
		Bihar	5				0
		Gujarat	3				0
		Lakshadweep	1				1
		Maharashtra	19				4
		Manipur	1				0
		Punjab	2				0
		Uttar Pradesh	1				0
	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP)	Nagaland	1				1		0	+1
	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party	Rajasthan	1				1		0	+1
	Revolutionary Socialist Party	Kerala	1	6			1	1	1	0
		West Bengal	4				0
	Samajwadi Party	Andhra Pradesh	2	49			0	5	5	0
		Assam	1				0
		Bihar	1				0
		Jharkhand	1				0
		Madhya Pradesh	2				0
		Maharashtra	4				0
		Odisha	1				0
		Uttar Pradesh	37				5
	Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10				2		4	-2
	Shivsena	Bihar	14	98			0	18	18	0
		Chhattisgarh	9				0
		Dadra & Nagar Haveli	2				0
		Haryana	3				0
		Jammu & Kashmir	3				0
		Karnataka	2				0
		Madhya Pradesh	5				0
		Maharashtra	22				18
		Punjab	6				0
		Rajasthan	4				0
		Telangana	1				0
		Uttar Pradesh	11				0
		West Bengal	16				0
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha	Sikkim	1				1		0	+1
	Telangana Rashtra Samithi	Telangana	16				9		11	-2
	Telugu Desam Party	Andhra Pradesh	25				3		15	-12
	Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	Andhra Pradesh	3	7			0	1	0	+1
		Karnataka	2				0
		Kerala	1				0
		Tamil Nadu	1				1
	Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party	Andhra Pradesh	25				22		8	+14
	All India N.R. Congress	Puducherry	1				0		1	-1
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	7				1	-1
	Rashtriya Janata Dal	Bihar	19	21			4	-4
		Jharkhand	2
	Rashtriya Lok Samta Party	Bihar	5				3	-3
	Sikkim Democratic Front	Sikkim	1				1	-1
	Swabhimani Paksha	Maharashtra	2				1	-1
	Indian National Lok Dal	Haryana	10				2	-2
	Aap Aur Hum Party	Bihar	1				0	0
	Aam Adhikar Morcha	Bihar	4	5
		Jharkhand	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Apna Dal	Bihar	1	5
		Chandigarh	1
		Madhya Pradesh	2
		Punjab	1
	Adim Bhartiya Dal	Haryana	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Gondwana Party	Madhya Pradesh	4	5
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha	Jharkhand	1	5
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Odisha	3
	Akhil Bhartiya Mithila Party	Bihar	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Jharkhand Party	Jharkhand
		West Bengal	1
	Jharkhand Party	Jharkhand	4
	Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh	Bihar	1	6
		Gujarat	1
		Haryana	1
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Akhil Bharatiya Muslim League (Secular)	Karnataka	1	2
		Telangana	1
	Akhil Bharatiya Manavata Paksha	Maharashtra	1	2
		NCT OF Delhi	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Navnirman Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Atulya Bharat Party	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Aajad Bharat Party (Democratic)	Madhya Pradesh	2	6
		Uttar Pradesh	4
	Akhil Bharatiya Sena	Maharashtra	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Sarvadharma Samaj Party	Maharashtra	1
	Andhra Chaitanya Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Adarshwaadi Congress Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Adhunik Bharat Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Aadarsh Janata Sewa Party	Haryana	1
	Ahila India Dhayaga Makkal Munnetra Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Asli Deshi Party	Bihar	4
	Aadarsh Sangram Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Apna Dal United Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Adhikar Vikas Party	Chhattisgarh	1	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	Asom Gana Parishad	Assam	3	4
		Telangana	1
	Akhil Hind Forward Bloc (Krantikari)	Bihar	2
	Akhand Hind Party	Maharashtra	1
	Ahimsa Socialist Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	All India Forward Bloc	Andhra Pradesh	2	34
		Arunachal Pradesh	1
		Assam	3
		Bihar	4
		Chandigarh	1
		Haryana	2
		Himachal Pradesh	3
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Jharkhand	4
		Madhya Pradesh	2
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Odisha	2
		Telangana	1
		Uttar Pradesh	5
		West Bengal	3
	All India Hindustan Congress Party	Andaman & Nicobar Islands	1	4
		Gujarat	1
		Karnataka	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	All India Jana Andolan Party	West Bengal	1
	All India Labour Party	West Bengal	1
	All India Minorities Front	Maharashtra	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Agila India Makkal Kazhagam	Kerala	1	4
		Puducherry	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
	All Indians Party	Sikkim	1
	All India Praja Party	Andhra Pradesh	3
	All Indian Rajiv Congress Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	All India Ulama Congress	Madhya Pradesh	1
	All India Uzhavargal Uzhaippalargal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Akila India Vallalar Peravai	Tamil Nadu	1
	Asom Jana Morcha	Assam	4
	Aam Janta Party (India)	Uttar Pradesh	7
	Aam Janta Party Rashtriya	Bihar	3
	Aapki Apni Party (Peoples)	Haryana	7	21
		Maharashtra	3
		NCT OF Delhi	6
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Akhil Bhartiya Ekata Party	Maharashtra	1
	Akhil Bhartiya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Apna Kisan Party	Bihar	1
	Akhand Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Al-Hind Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	All India Peoples' Front (Radical)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	All Pensioner’S Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Aasra Lokmanch Party	Maharashtra	2
	Amra Bangalee	Jharkhand	2	10
		Tripura	2
		West Bengal	6
	Anaithu Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Azad Mazdoor Kissan Party	Karnataka	1
	Aadarsh Mithila Party	Bihar	2
	Anaithu Makkal Puratchi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2
	Ambedkar Yug Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Anaithu India Makkal Katchi		1
	Anjaan Aadmi Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Ambedkar National Congress	Andhra Pradesh	2	21
		Bihar	1
		Chandigarh	1
		Gujarat	2
		Jharkhand	1
		Maharashtra	4
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Odisha	2
		Punjab	2
		Telangana	5
	Annadata Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Andaman & Nicobar Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Aihra National Party	Jharkhand	3	8
		Karnataka	1
		Telangana	1
		West Bengal	3
	Adarsh Nyay Rakshak Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Ahinsa Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Anti Corruption Dynamic Party	Maharashtra	1	11
		Puducherry	1
		Tamil Nadu	7
		Telangana	2
	Apna Desh Party	Gujarat	2
	Ambedkarite Party Of India	Andhra Pradesh	1	77
		Bihar	2
		Chhattisgarh	11
		Gujarat	1
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Jharkhand	4
		Karnataka	1
		Kerala	3
		Madhya Pradesh	8
		Maharashtra	16
		Odisha	6
		Punjab	4
		Rajasthan	15
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Telangana	1
		Tripura	1
		West Bengal	1
	Apna Samaj Party		1
	All Peoples Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Ambedkarist Republican Party	Maharashtra	2
	Andhra Rastra Praja Samithi	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Akhand Rashtrawadi Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	4
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Autonomous State Demand Committee	Assam	1
	Assam Dristi Party	Assam	1
	Akhil Bharat Samagra Kranti Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Adarsh Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Ambedkar Samaj Party	Karnataka	4	8
		Uttar Pradesh	4
	All India Puratchi Thalaivar Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1
	Aarakshan Virodhi Party	Madhya Pradesh	2	4
		Rajasthan	2
	Awami Samta Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Anna Ysr Congress Party	Andhra Pradesh	2
	B. C. United Front	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Aavaam Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Azad Party	Bihar	1	2
		Maharashtra	1
	Bahujan Samyak Party (Mission)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Awam Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Bharatiya Aam Awam Party	Bihar	1
	Bhartiya Anarakshit Party	Telangana	3	4
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Azad Sena	Jharkhand	1
	Bharatiya Bahujan Congress	Bihar	5	6
		Gujarat	1
	Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh	Karnataka	2
	Bharat Bhrashtachar Mitao Party	Bihar	1
	Bhartiya Bhaichara Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bharatiya Bahujan Samta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	Kerala	4
	Bharatrashtra Democratic Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Gana Parishad	Assam	4
	Bhartiya Amrit Party	Madhya Pradesh	2
	Bharatiya Bahujan Parivartan Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Jan Morcha Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha	Maharashtra	8
	Bharatiya Rashtravadi Samanta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party	Bihar	1	3
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Janta Dal (Integrated)	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Bharatiya National Janta Dal	West Bengal	1
	Bhartiya Lokmat Rashtrwadi Party	Bihar	2	7
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Jharkhand	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Manvadhikaar Federal Party		1
	Bhartiya Naujawan Inklav Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiyabahujankranti Dal	Karnataka	2	5
		Maharashtra	3
	Bharatiya Bahujan Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Bharat Bhoomi Party	Chhattisgarh	2	3
		Karnataka	1
	Bhartiya Dalit Party	Bihar	3
	Bhartiya Hind Fauj	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bhartiya Janta Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Janraj Party	Haryana	2	4
		Punjab	2
	Bahujan Maha Party	Andhra Pradesh	1	20
		Gujarat	1
		Haryana	1
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	13
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharat Nirman Party	Bihar	1
	Bhartiya Harit Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Peoples Party	Karnataka	1
	Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha	Gujarat	1
	Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party	Jharkhand	1	2
		Uttarakhand	1
	Bhartiya Insan Party	Bihar	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	2
	Bharat Jan Aadhar Party	Maharashtra	4
	Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)	Bihar	4	7
		Jharkhand	1
		Karnataka	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Jan Nayak Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Bhartiya Jan Samman Party	Chandigarh	1	2
		Haryana	1
	Bhartiya Jan Sampark Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Jan Satta Party	Rajasthan	1
	Bundelkhand Kranti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Kisan Party	Chandigarh	4	15
		Haryana	1
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Bharatiya Kisan Parivartan Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Krishak Dal	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Bhartiya Kisan Union Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Kranti Vir Party	Bihar	1
	Bihar Lok Nirman Dal	Bihar	8
	Baliraja Party	Bihar	2	7
		Maharashtra	4
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Lok Seva Dal	Jharkhand	1	10
		Punjab	7
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bharat Lok Sewak Party	NCT OF Delhi	3	4
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Manavadhikaar Federal Party	Chandigarh	1	9
		Gujarat	1
		Jharkhand	1
		Maharashtra	5
		Odisha	1
	Bharateeya Manavadhikar party	West Bengal	2
	Bharatiya Momin Front	Bihar	7	8
		Jharkhand	1
	Bharatiya Majdoor Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Mukti Party	Assam	1	120
		Bihar	12
		Chandigarh	1
		Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
		Gujarat	6
		Haryana	5
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Jharkhand	5
		Karnataka	1
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	35
		Odisha	5
		Punjab	6
		Rajasthan	2
		Telangana	7
		Uttar Pradesh	10
		Uttarakhand	2
		West Bengal	6
	Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh	Jharkhand	1	2
		Maharashtra	1
	Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Bhartiya Mitra Party	Bihar	3
	Bahujan Nyay Dal	Bihar	3	4
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Nojawan Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bhartiya Navodaya Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party	West Bengal	7
	Bhartiya Navjawan Sena (Paksha)	Maharashtra	3
	Bhartiya New Sanskar Krantikari Party	Bihar	1
	Bhartiya Pragatisheel Congress	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Bhartiya Panchyat Party	Jharkhand	2
	Bodoland Peoples Front	Assam	1
	Bharat Prabhat Party	Bihar	2	53
		Chandigarh	1
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Haryana	5
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	8
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Odisha	2
		Punjab	5
		Uttar Pradesh	16
		West Bengal	2
	Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha	Karnataka	2
	Bhapase Party	Maharashtra	1
	Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha	Bihar	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujana Raajyam Party (Phule Ambedkar)	Telangana	1
	Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)	Rajasthan	2
	Bhartiya Republican Party (Insan)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Bahujan Republican Socialist Party	Gujarat	1	27
		Maharashtra	26
	Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Party	Chandigarh	1
	Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party	Chhattisgarh	5	35
		Gujarat	1
		Haryana	5
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Madhya Pradesh	11
		Maharashtra	1
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	10
	Bahujan Suraksha Dal	Gujarat	1
	Bhartiya Sarvjan Hitey Samaj Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Bhartiya Tribal Party	Chhattisgarh	2	19
		Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
		Gujarat	6
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	5
		Rajasthan	4
	Bahujan Samaj Party (AMBEDKAR)	Chandigarh	1	5
		Punjab	4
	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi	Maharashtra	1
	Bajjikanchal Vikas Party	Bihar	7
	Bhartiya Vanchitsamaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Corruption Abolition Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Christian Democratic Front	Tamil Nadu	1
	Challengers Party	NCT OF Delhi	2
	Chandigarh Ki Aawaz Party	Chandigarh	1
	Communist Party Of India (MARXIST-LENINIST) (LIBERATION)	Andhra Pradesh	2	18
		Bihar	4
		Jharkhand	2
		Odisha	2
		Puducherry	1
		Punjab	3
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	3
		Uttarakhand	1
		West Bengal	2
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) CPI(M)(L)			4
	Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star			4
	Communist Party Of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star	Andhra Pradesh	1	25
		Chandigarh	2
		Jharkhand	3
		Karnataka	2
		Kerala	4
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	5
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Uttar Pradesh	2
		West Bengal	5
	Chhattisgarh Swabhiman Manch	Chhattisgarh	1	2
		Maharashtra	1
	Chhattisgarh Vikas Ganga Rashtriya Party	Chhattisgarh	1	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Dalita Bahujana Party	Telangana	3
	Democratic Corruption Liberation Front		1
	Democratic Party of India (Ambedkar)	Punjab	1	3
	Desh Janhit Party	Maharashtra	1
	Daksha Party	Haryana	1
	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	4
	Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi	Maharashtra	1	9
		Tamil Nadu	8
	Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan Party,	Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Democratic Party Of India		1
	Democratic Prajakranthi Party Secularist	Karnataka	1
	Dalit Soshit Pichhara Varg Adhikar Dal	Haryana	1	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Rajasthan	1
	Desiya Uzhavar Uzhaipalar Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	3
	Engineers Party	Karnataka	1
	Ekta Samaj Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Ezhuchi Tamilargal Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	3
	Forward Democratic Labour Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Fauji Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Freethought Party Of India	Odisha	3
	Gareeb Aadmi Party	Karnataka	1
	Gondvana Gantantra Party	Chhattisgarh	9	23
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	1
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Garvi Gujarat Party	Gujarat	3
	Garib Janshakti Party	Bihar	2
	Gujarat Janta Panchayat Party	Gujarat	1
	Ganasangam Party Of India	Tamil Nadu	3
	Gorkha Rashtriya Congress	West Bengal	1
	Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)	Bihar	3
	Hamari Apni Party	Maharashtra	1
	Hardam Manavtawadi Rashtriya Dal	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Hind Congress Party	Haryana	1	2
		Punjab	1
	Hindu Samaj Party		1
	Hindustan Janta Party	Karnataka	3	7
		Maharashtra	4
	Hindusthan Praja Paksha	Maharashtra	1
	Himachal Jan Kranti Party	Himachal Pradesh	1
	Hindusthan Nirman Dal	Assam	5	47
		Bihar	2
		Gujarat	9
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Jharkhand	2
		Madhya Pradesh	8
		Maharashtra	2
		Odisha	2
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	14
		Uttarakhand	1
	Hamro Sikkim Party	Sikkim	1
	Hind Samrajya Party	Bihar	1
	Hindustan Shakti Sena	Chandigarh	1	9
		Punjab	8
	Hum Bhartiya Party	Jharkhand	1	9
		Maharashtra	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Punjab	1
		Telangana	1
	Hum Sabki Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Indian Christian Front	Karnataka	2	4
		Tamil Nadu	2
	Indian Democratic Republican Front	Punjab	1	2
		West Bengal	1
	Indian Gandhiyan Party	Kerala	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh
	Indian Indira Congress (R)	Rajasthan	1
	Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)	Andhra Pradesh	1	4
		Karnataka	3
	Ilantamilar Munnani Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	1
	Indian New Congress Party	Karnataka	4
	Independent People’S Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1
	Indian National League	Uttar Pradesh	2
	India Praja Bandhu Party	Andhra Pradesh	4	11
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Telangana	6
	Indigenousn People'S Front Of Tripura	Tripura	2
	Indian Peoples Green Party	Rajasthan	2
	Indian Rakshaka Nayakudu Party	Telangana	1
	Indian Unity Centre	West Bengal	2
	Inqalab Vikas Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Adesh Akshuni Sena	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Adhikar Party	Bihar	6	19
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	7
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)	Bihar	1
	Jharkhand Anushilan Party	West Bengal	1
	Janta Dal Rashtravadi	Bihar	3
	Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim	West Bengal	2
	Jago Hindustan Party	Bihar	3
	Jharkhand Party (Secular)	Jharkhand	1
	Janhit Bharat Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jharkhand Party	Jharkhand	4
	Jai Hind Party	Bihar	1
	Jai Hind Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party	Haryana	1	4
		Punjab	3
	Jannayak Janta Party	Haryana	7
	Janhit Kisan Party	Bihar	2	8
		Uttar Pradesh	6
	Jammu & Kashmir Pir Panjal Awami Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1
	Jai Lok Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Jai Maha Bharath Party	Maharashtra	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Sikkim	1
	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)		1
	Janata Congress	Jharkhand	2	7
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jana Jagruti Party	Andhra Pradesh	7
	Janata Party	Bihar	4
	Jharkhand Party (Naren)	Jharkhand	1	2
		West Bengal	1
	Janvadi Party(Socialist)	Bihar	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Janapaalana Party (Democratic)	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Jai Prakash Janata Dal	Bihar	5	11
		Jharkhand	2
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Odisha	2
	Jharkhand People's Party	Jharkhand		4
		Jharkhand People's Party	1
	Janta Raj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Janral Samaj Party	Chandigarh	1	5
		Punjab	4
	Janta Raj Vikas Party	Bihar	1
	Jan Shakti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jansatta Dal Loktantrik	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jan Shakti Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Samman Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jan Sangh Party	West Bengal	1
	Janasena Party	Andhra Pradesh	17	24
		Telangana	7
	Jan Satya Path Party	Gujarat	4
	Jai Swaraj Party	Telangana	1
	Jan Seva Sahayak Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jansatta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Jan Sangharsh Virat Party	Gujarat	2	5
		Jharkhand	1
		Rajasthan	1
		West Bengal	1
	Janta Kranti Party (Rashtravadi)	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Justice Party		1
	Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party	Karnataka	1
	Jantantrik Vikas Party	Bihar	3
	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)	Jharkhand	2
	Jwala Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party	Bihar	1
		Jammu & Kashmir	5
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
	Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party +	Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Jammu & Kashmir People Conference	Jammu & Kashmir	3
	Kamatapur People’S Party (United)	West Bengal	6
	Kerala Congress	Kerala	1
	Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha	Karnataka	1
	Kisan Raj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Kisan Raksha Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Karnataka Jantha Paksha	Karnataka	2
	Karnataka Karmikara Paksha	Karnataka	4
	Kalinga Sena	Jharkhand	1	5
		Odisha	4
	Kisan Majdoor Berojgar Sangh	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party	Karnataka	1
	Kisan Party Of India	Madhya Pradesh	2
	Karnataka Praja Party (Raithaparva)	Karnataka	2
	Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena	Karnataka	1	5
		Maharashtra	4
	Kartavya Rashtriya Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Krupaa Party	Odisha	3
	Kanshiram Bahujan Dal	NCT OF Delhi	1	5
		Uttar Pradesh	4
	Khusro Sena Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Kalyankari Jantantrik Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Lok Chetna Dal	Bihar	1
	Lok Gathbandhan Party	Gujarat	1	7
		Uttar Pradesh	6
	Lok Insaaf Party	Punjab	3
	Lok Jan Sangharsh Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Loktantrik Jan Swaraj Party	Bihar	1
	Lok Jan Vikas Morcha	Bihar	2
	Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	5
	Lokjagar Party	Maharashtra	1
	Loktantrik Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Lokpriya Samaj Party	Haryana	1
	Loktanter Suraksha Party	Haryana	2
	Loktantrik Rashrtavadi Party	Gujarat	1
	Lok Sewa Dal	Bihar	1
	Loksangram	Maharashtra	1
	Maharashtra Swabhimaan Paksh	Maharashtra	2
	Makkal Sananayaga Kudiyarasu Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Manipur People’S Party	Manipur	1
	Moulik Adhikar Party	Bihar	1	13
		Uttar Pradesh	12
	Mera Adhikaar Rashtriya Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Marxist Communist Party Of India (United)	Andhra Pradesh	1	6
		Kerala	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Telangana	3
	Mazdoor Dalit Kisaan Mahila Gareeb Party (Hindustani)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Minorities Democratic Party	Madhya Pradesh	2	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Manipur Democratic Peoples's Front	Manipur	1
	Mundadugu Praja Party	Andhra Pradesh	4
	Mahamukti Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mahasankalp Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Makkalatchi Katchi	Tamil Nadu	2
	Manav Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Maharashtra Kranti Sena	Maharashtra	2
	Majdoor Kisan Union Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mazdoor Kirayedar Vikas Party	NCT OF Delhi	5
	Marxist Leninist Party Of India (Red Flag)	Karnataka	1	3
		Maharashtra	2
	Mithilanchal Mukti Morcha	Bihar	1
	Makkal Needhi Maiam	Puducherry	1	38
		Tamil Nadu	37
	Manvadhikar National Party	Gujarat	2	4
		Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Manavtawadi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Madhya Pradesh Jan Vikas Party	Madhya Pradesh	3
	Mulnibasi Party of India	West Bengal	2
	Moolniwasi Samaj Party	Bihar	2	3
		Jharkhand	1
	Maanavvaadi Janta Party	Bihar	2
	Manuvadi Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Mahila & Yuva Shakti Party	Haryana	1
	New All India Congress Party	Gujarat	2
	National Apni Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Nationalist People'S Front	Rajasthan	1
	Nirbhay Bharteey Party	Gujarat	1
	National Bhrashtachar Mukt Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Navsarjan Bharat Party	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	1
	National Dalitha Dhal Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	National Development Party	Karnataka	1
	New Democratic Party of India	West Bengal	3
	Navbharat Ekta Dal	Himachal Pradesh	1
	North East India Development Party	Manipur	2
	Nagrik Ekta Party	Uttar Pradesh	4
	National Fifty Fifty Front	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Naam Indiar Party	Tamil Nadu	2
	Nationalist Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	National Jagaran Party	Bihar	1
	National Labour Party	Kerala	1
	National Lokmat Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Nationalist Justice Party	Punjab	4
	National Nava Kranthi Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Navbharat Nirman Party	Maharashtra	1
	Nava Praja Rajyam Party	Telangana	1
	National Republican Congress	Assam	2
	The National Road Map Party Of India	Assam	1	2
		NCT OF Delhi	1
	Nava Samaj Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Netaji Subhash Chander Bose Rashtriya Azad Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Naam Tamilar Katchi	Puducherry	1	38
		Tamil Nadu	37
	Naitik Party	Maharashtra	2	6
		Uttar Pradesh	4
	Navarang Congress Party	Andhra Pradesh	3	5
		Jammu & Kashmir	2
	Navodayam Party	Andhra Pradesh	2
	Navnirman Party	Haryana	1
	Navataram Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	New India Party	Telangana	2
	National Women'S Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		Telangana	1
	Nawan Punjab Party	Punjab	1
	National Youth Party	NCT OF Delhi	2
	Odisha Pragati Dal	Odisha	1
	Proutist Bloc, India	Bihar	1	9
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Odisha	1
	PC			3
	Peace Party	Maharashtra	3	14
		Uttar Pradesh	11
	Puducherry Development Party	Puducherry	1
	Peoples Democratic Party	Jammu & Kashmir	1	5
		Kerala	2
	Party For Democratic Socialism	West Bengal	5
	People's Party Of India(secular)	Tamil Nadu	2	3
	People’S Union Party	Maharashtra	1
	Punjab Ekta Party	Punjab	3	3
	Pichhra Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Prajatantra Aadhar Party	Gujarat	1
	Prem Janata Dal	Telangana	1
	Prahar Janshakti Party	Maharashtra	1
	Purvanchal Janta Party (Secular)	Assam	6	14
		Jharkhand	1
		Karnataka	1
		Odisha	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		West Bengal	3
	Pragatisheel Lok Manch	Uttarakhand	1
	Punjab Labour Party	Punjab	1
	Public Mission Party	Bihar	2
	Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Pravasi Nivasi Party	Kerala	1
	Peoples Party Of India (Democratic)	Bihar	9	56
		Chhattisgarh	1
		Gujarat	2
		Haryana	6
		Himachal Pradesh	1
		Jharkhand	4
		Madhya Pradesh	7
		Maharashtra	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	2
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh	8
		Uttarakhand	1
	People'S Party Of Arunachal	Arunachal Pradesh	2
	Pyramid Party Of India	Andhra Pradesh	20	48
		Gujarat	2
		Karnataka	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Telangana	11
		West Bengal	1
	Prajatantrik Samadhan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
		Rajasthan	1
	Peoples Representation For Identity And Status Of Mizoram (Prism) Party	Mizoram	1	6
		NCT OF Delhi	5
	Prithviraj Janshakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Prabuddha Republican Party	Maharashtra	4	5
		Rajasthan	1
	Praja Shanthi Party	Andhra Pradesh	4
	Praja Satta Party	Karnataka	1	2
		Telangana	1
	Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)	Bihar	8	82
		Haryana	8
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Karnataka	2
		Madhya Pradesh	9
		Maharashtra	1
		Odisha	2
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	47
		Uttarakhand	1
	Pichhara Samaj Party United	Jharkhand	1	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	Proutist Sarva Samaj	Bihar	1	7
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	1
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh
	Pragatisheel Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Prajaa Swaraaj Party	Telangana	1
	Purvanchal Mahapanchayat	Bihar	2	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Parivartan Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Ambedkar Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Radical Democrats	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Aadarsh Member Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Raita Bharat Party	Karnataka	1
	Rajnaitik Vikalp Party	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Ahinsa Manch	West Bengal	1
	Rashtriya Aamjan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Rajyadhikara Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtrawadi Party of India,	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Indepndent Morcha	Odisha	1
	Rashtriya Janasachetan Party (R.J.P.)	West Bengal	5
	Rashtriya Jansanchar Dal		1
	Rashtriya Janta Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Janwadi Party (Socialist)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Mahan Gantantra Party	Bihar	3
	Rashtriya Mahila Party		1
	Rashtriya Matadata Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Naujawan Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Sahara Party	Haryana	1	3
		Punjab	2
	Rastriya Aam Jan Seva Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rastriya Insaaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Vikas Party	Haryana	1
	Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Bhagidari Samaj Party	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Bharatiya Jan Jan Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Backward Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Republican Bahujan Sena	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Dal United	Bihar	1
	Real Democracy Party	Gujarat	1
	Rashtriya Garib Dal	Haryana	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Gondvana Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Rashtriya Jansena Party	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Hind Sena	Bihar	6
	Rashtriya Jansabha Party	Chhattisgarh	7
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
		West Bengal	1
	Rashtriya Jan Adhikar Party (United)	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party	West Bengal	6
	Rashtriya Jatigat Aarakshan Virodhi Party	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Jantantrik Bharat Vikas Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Jan Gaurav Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Janhit Sangharsh Party	Manipur	1
	Rashtriya Jankranti Party	Chandigarh	1	3
		Jammu & Kashmir	1
		Telangana	1
	Rashtriya Janmat Party	Uttar Pradesh	1	2
	Rashtriya Jansurajya Party	Maharashtra	2
	Rashtriya Janshakti Party (Secular)	Maharashtra	2	7
		Punjab	1
	Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party	Bihar	7	13
		Karnataka	1
		Maharashtra	2
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Jansangharsh Swaraj Party	Jharkhand	2
	Rashtriya Janutthan Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtravadi Kranti Dal	Maharashtra	1
	Rashtriya Kranti Party	Rajasthan	1	5
		Uttar Pradesh	4
	Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party	Andhra Pradesh	1	4
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Lok Sarvadhikar Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Rashtriya Lokswaraj Party	Chandigarh	1	8
		Haryana	6
	Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party	Haryana	1	3
		Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Mangalam Party	Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Maratha Party	Maharashtra	5
	Revolutionary Marxist Party of India	Haryana	1	2
	Rashtra Nirman Party	Haryana	1	5
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
	Rashtriya Nav Nirman Bharat Party	Gujarat	1
	Republican Paksha (Khoripa)	Chhattisgarh	1
	Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Pragati Party	Bihar	1
	Republican Party Of India	Bihar	1	8
		Haryana	1
		Karnataka	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Telangana	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Republican Party Of India (Kamble)	Goa	1
	Republican Party Of India (A)	Andhra Pradesh	5	33
		Assam	3
		Bihar	2
		Chandigarh	3
		Haryana	1
		Jharkhand	2
		Karnataka	3
		Madhya Pradesh	4
		NCT OF Delhi	5
		Punjab	1
		Tamil Nadu	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
		West Bengal	1
	Republican Party Of India (KHOBRAGADE)	Andhra Pradesh	1	2
		Telangana	1
	Republican Party of India (Reformist)	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
	Republican Party Of India (Karnataka)	Karnataka	4
	Republican Party of India Ektavadi	Haryana	1
	Rashtriya Power Party	Gujarat	2	3
		Rajasthan	1
	Republican Sena	Karnataka	4
	Rashtriya Rashtrawadi Party	Bihar	1	7
		Haryana	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Apna Dal	Madhya Pradesh	1	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtrawadi Shramjeevi Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Sangail Party	Jharkhand	1
	Rashtriya Sahyog Party	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	Gujarat	1	12
		Karnataka	2
		Kerala	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	6
	Rashtriya Samanta Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Samrasta Party	NCT OF Delhi	3
	Rashtriya Samta Party (Secular)	Bihar	4	5
		Jharkhand	1
	Rashtravadi Party (Bharat)	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Revolutionary Socialist Party Of India(Marxist)		1
	Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)	Gujarat	1	2
		Maharashtra	1
	Rashtra Sewa Dal	Bihar	1
	Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party	Madhya Pradesh	2	7
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party	Rajasthan	1
	Rashtriya Sarvjan Vikas Party	Bihar	2
	Rashtriya Azad Manch	Himachal Pradesh	2
	Rashtriya Janvikas Party (Democratic)	Bihar	1
	Right To Recall Party	Gujarat	4	14
		Jharkhand	1
		Karnataka	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	2
		Rajasthan	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Ulama Council	Bihar	1	10
		Maharashtra	4
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Rashtravadi Janata Party	Bihar	2	4
		West Bengal	2
	Rashtriya Viklang Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtriya Vyapari Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Rashtra Vikas Zumbes Party	Gujarat	1
	Rashtrawadi Chetna Party		1
	Sathi Aur Aapka Faisala Party	Bihar	2
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)	Punjab	2
	Samaj Adhikar Kalyan Party	Chandigarh	1	6
		Punjab	5
	Samajwadi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Sabse Achchhi Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sarvshreshth Dal	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Saman Aadmi Saman Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Sabka Dal United	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Swatantra Bharat Paksha	Maharashtra	3
	Sabhi Jan Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Samaj Bhalai Morcha		1
	Swarna Bharat Party	Assam	1	3
		Maharashtra	1
		Rajasthan	1
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	Bihar	5	24
		Uttar Pradesh	19
	Socialist Party (India)	Madhya Pradesh	1	3
		Punjab	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali)	Punjab	1
	Secular Democratic Congress	Karnataka	1	4
		Kerala	2
		Telangana	1
	Social Democratic Party Of India	Andhra Pradesh	1	14
		Karnataka	1
		Kerala	10
		Tamil Nadu	1
		West Bengal	1
	Samajwadi Forward Bloc	Andhra Pradesh	1	11
		Karnataka	1
		Kerala	1
		Maharashtra	1
		Tamil Nadu	1
		Telangana	6
	Saaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sangharsh Sena	Maharashtra	1
	Shane Hind Fourm	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Akali Dal(Taksali)		1
	Shri Janta Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Smart Indians Party	Madhya Pradesh	4
	Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic	Bihar	1
	Samajwadi Jan Parishad	West Bengal	1
	Swatantra Jantaraj Party	Madhya Pradesh	1	9
		Uttar Pradesh	8
	Samajwadi Janata Party(Karnataka)	Karnataka	1
	Social Justice Party Of India	Telangana	3
	Sajag Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Sanjhi Virasat Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Sankhyanupati Bhagidari Party	Bihar	2
	Samata Kranti Dal	Odisha	1
	Satya Kranti Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Shiromani Lok Dal Party		1
	Sarvjan Lok Shakti Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Samrat Ashok Sena Party	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Samajik Nyaya Party	Haryana	2
	Samta Vikas Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Socialist Janata Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Swaraj Party (Loktantrik)	Bihar	2
	Sapaks Party	Bihar	1	12
		Haryana	1
		Madhya Pradesh	10
	Samajtantric Party Of India	West Bengal	1
	Samaanya Praja Party	Andhra Pradesh	1
	Sarvadharam Party (MADHYA PRADESH)	Chhattisgarh	1	2
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	Sanman Rajkiya Paksha	Maharashtra	1
	Sikkim Republican Party	Sikkim	1
	Sarvodaya Prabhat Party	NCT OF Delhi	1
	Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)	Chhattisgarh	1
	Shoshit Samaj Dal	Bihar	7
	Samata Samadhan Party	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Samdarshi Samaj Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Sanatan Sanskriti Raksha Dal	Madhya Pradesh	1	7
		Maharashtra	2
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Satya Bahumat Party	Himachal Pradesh	1	7
		NCT OF Delhi	3
		Rajasthan	2
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Subhashwadi Bhartiya Samajwadi Party (Subhas Party)	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Socialist Unity Centre Of India (COMMUNIST)	Andhra Pradesh	2	114
		Assam	6
		Bihar	8
		Chhattisgarh	2
		Gujarat	2
		Haryana	4
		Jharkhand	5
		Karnataka	7
		Kerala	9
		Madhya Pradesh	3
		Maharashtra	1
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Odisha	8
		Puducherry	1
		Punjab	1
		Rajasthan	1
		Tamil Nadu	4
		Telangana	2
		Tripura	1
		Uttar Pradesh	3
		Uttarakhand	1
		West Bengal	42
	Sikkim United Front (SUF)	Sikkim	1
	Sunder Samaj Party	Chhattisgarh	1
	Samagra Utthan Party	Bihar	1	7
		Madhya Pradesh	5
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Svatantra Bharat Satyagrah Party	Gujarat	2
	Sarvodaya Bharat Party	Chhattisgarh	1	8
		Gujarat	1
		Madhya Pradesh	1
		Maharashtra	2
		Uttar Pradesh	3
	Sarva Janata Party	Karnataka	3
	Sarv Vikas Party	Uttarakhand	1
	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party	Gujarat	4
	Sarvjan Sewa Party	Chandigarh	1	2
		Punjab	1
	Swarnim Bharat Inquilab	Madhya Pradesh	1
	Swabhiman Party	Chhattisgarh	1	3
		Himachal Pradesh	2
	Swatantra Samaj Party	Bihar	1
	Sanyukt Vikas Party	Bihar	1	6
		Gujarat	3
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	1
	Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi	Tamil Nadu	16
	Telangana Communist Party Of India	Telangana	1
	The Future India Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Telangana Jana Samithi	Telangana	2
	Tamil Maanila Congress (MOOPANAR)	Tamil Nadu	1
	Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Tola Party	Haryana	1
	Telangana Prajala Party	Telangana	1
	Telangana Sakalajanula Party	Telangana	1
	Tamil Telugu National Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Telangana Yuva Shakti	Telangana	1
	Tripura Peoples Party	Tripura	1
	Universal Brotherhood Movement	Tamil Nadu	1
	United Democratic Front Secular	Uttar Pradesh	1
	United Democratic Party	Meghalaya	1
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal	Uttarakhand	4
	Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Democratic)	Uttarakhand	4
	Uttarakhand Parivartan Party	Uttarakhand	1
	Ulzaipali Makkal Katchy	Tamil Nadu	6
	United People's Party, Liberia	Assam	2
	Uttarakhand Pragatisheel Party	NCT OF Delhi	1	2
		Uttarakhand	1
	Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena	Jharkhand	1
	Uttama Prajaakeeya Party	Karnataka	27
	United States Of India Party	Tamil Nadu	1
	Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi	Maharashtra	46
	Vikassheel Insaan Party	Bihar	4
	Vishwa Jana Party	Andhra Pradesh	2
	Vishwa Manav Samaj Kalyan Parishad	Uttar Pradesh	1
	Vikas Insaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	2
	Vivasayigal Makkal Munnetra Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1
	Voters Party International	Assam	7	20
		Bihar	6
		Jharkhand	1
		NCT OF Delhi	1
		Uttar Pradesh	5
	Vyavastha Parivartan Party	Gujarat	4
	Vanchitsamaj Insaaf Party	Uttar Pradesh	3
	Vishva Shakti Party	Jharkhand	2	3
		Madhya Pradesh	1
	Vanchit Samaj Party	Bihar	4
	Voters Party	Haryana	2
	Wazib Adhikar Party	Bihar	1
	Welfare Party Of India	West Bengal	2
	Yuva Jan Jagriti Party	Gujarat	6
	Yuva Krantikari Party	Bihar	4
	Yekikrutha Sankshema Rashtriya Praja Party	Telangana	1
	Yuva Sarkar	Gujarat	2
	Yuva Vikas Party	Uttar Pradesh	1

Voter statistics

According to the ECI, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last election in 2014,^[122][123] making it the largest-ever election in the world.^[124] 15 million voters aged 18–19 years became eligible to vote for the first time.^[125][126] 468 million eligible voters were males, 432 million were females and 38,325 identified themselves belonging to third gender. Total 71,735 overseas voters also enrolled.^{[citation needed]}

The residents of the former enclaves exchanged under the 2015 India-Bangladesh boundary agreement voted for the first time.^[127]

Electronic voting machines and security

The ECI deployed a total of 1.74 million voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units and 3.96 million electronic voting machines (EVM) in 1,035,918 polling stations.^{[128][129][130][131]} Approximately 270,000 paramilitary and 2 million state police personnel provided organisational support and security at various polling booths.^[132] On 9 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which meant that the ECI had to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs before it could certify the final election results.^{[133][134][135]}

Voting

In the first phase, 69.58 per cent of the 142 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect their representatives for 91 Lok Sabha seats.^[136] The voter turnout was 68.77 per cent in the same constituencies in the 2014 general elections.^[136] In the second phase, 156 million voters were eligible to vote for 95 Lok Sabha seats and the turnout was 69.45 per cent, compared to 69.62 per cent in 2014.^[136] For the third phase, 189 million voters were eligible to elect 116 Lok Sabha representatives.^[136] According to ECI, the turnout for this phase was 68.40 per cent, compared to 67.15 per cent in 2014.^[136] In the fourth of seven phases, 65.50 per cent of the 128 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect 72 representatives to the Indian parliament while the turnout for the same seats in the 2014 election was 63.05 per cent.^[136] The fifth phase was open to 87.5 million eligible voters, who could cast their vote in over 96,000 polling booths.^[137] In the sixth phase, 64.40 per cent of the 101 million eligible voters cast their vote in about 113,000 polling stations.^[138]

The final turnout stood at 67.11 per cent, the highest ever turnout recorded in any of the general elections till date. The percentage is 1.16 per cent higher than the 2014 elections whose turnout stood at 65.95 per cent.^[139] Over 600 million voters polled their votes in 2019 Indian General elections.

State/UT	Total		Voter turnout by phase[136][g]
			Phase 1 11 April		Phase 2 18 April		Phase 3 23 April		Phase 4 29 April		Phase 5 6 May		Phase 6 12 May		Phase 7 19 May
	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)	Seats	Turnout (%)
Andhra Pradesh	25	79.70	25	79.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Arunachal Pradesh	2	78.47	2	78.47	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Assam	14	81.52	5	78.27	5	81.19	4	85.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Bihar	40	57.33	4	53.44	5	62.92	5	61.21	5	59.18	5	57.08	8	58.48	8	51.38
Chhattisgarh	11	71.48	1	66.04	3	74.95	7	70.73	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Goa	2	74.94	–	–	–	–	2	74.94	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Gujarat	26	64.11	–	–	–	–	26	64.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Haryana	10	70.34	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	70.34	–	–
Himachal Pradesh	4	70.22	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	70.22
Jammu and Kashmir[h]	6	44.97	2	57.38	2	45.66	1⁄3	13.68	1⁄3	10.32	11⁄3	19.92	–	–	–	–
Jharkhand	14	66.80	–	–	–	–	–	–	3	64.97	4	65.99	4	65.42	3	55.59
Karnataka	28	68.63	–	–	14	68.80	14	68.47	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Kerala	20	77.67	–	–	–	–	20	77.67	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Madhya Pradesh	29	71.10	–	–	–	–	–	–	6	74.90	7	69.14	8	65.24	8	75.64
Maharashtra	48	60.79	7	63.04	10	62.85	14	62.36	17	57.33	–	–	–	–	–	–
Manipur	2	82.75	1	84.20	1	81.24	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Meghalaya	2	71.43	2	71.43	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Mizoram	1	63.12	1	63.12	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Nagaland	1	83.09	1	83.09	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Odisha	21	73.06	4	73.82	5	72.56	6	71.62	6	74.38	–	–	–	–	–	–
Punjab	13	65.96	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	13	65.96
Rajasthan	25	66.34	–	–	–	–	–	–	13	68.17	12	63.71	–	–	–	–
Sikkim	1	78.81	1	78.81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Tamil Nadu[i]	38	72.02	–	–	38	72.02	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Telangana	17	62.71	17	62.71	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Tripura	2	83.20	1	83.21	–	–	1	83.19	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Uttar Pradesh	80	59.21	8	63.92	8	62.46	10	61.42	13	59.11	14	58.00	14	54.44	13	47.82
Uttarakhand	5	61.48	5	61.48	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
West Bengal	42	81.76	2	83.80	3	81.72	5	81.97	8	82.84	7	80.09	8	84.50	9	78.73
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1	65.08	1	65.08	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Chandigarh	1	70.62	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	70.62
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1	79.59	–	–	–	–	1	79.59	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Daman and Diu	1	71.83	–	–	–	–	1	71.83	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Delhi	7	60.51	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7	60.51	–	–
Lakshadweep	1	84.96	1	84.96	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Puducherry	1	81.21	–	–	1	81.21	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Total	542	67.11	91	69.58	95	69.45	1161⁄3	68.40	711⁄3	65.50	501⁄3	64.16	59	64.40	59	61.71

Turnout

State/UT-wise voter turnout details

State/UT	Total electors	Total voters	Total turnout	Total seats
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT)	318,471	207,398	65.12%	1
Andhra Pradesh	39,405,967	31,674,526	80.38%	25
Arunachal Pradesh	803,563	659,766	82.11%	2
Assam	22,050,059	17,992,753	81.60%	14
Bihar	71,216,290	40,830,453	57.33%	40
Chandigarh (UT)	646,729	456,637	70.61%	1
Chhattisgarh	19,016,462	13,622,625	71.64%	11
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT)	250,029	198,984	79.58%	1
Daman & Diu (UT)	121,740	87,473	71.85%	1
Goa	1,136,113	853,724	75.14%	2
Gujarat	45,152,373	29,128,364	64.51%	26
Haryana	18,057,010	12,701,029	70.34%	10
Himachal Pradesh	5,330,154	3,859,940	72.42%	4
Jammu & Kashmir	7,922,538	3,562,744	44.97%	6
Jharkhand	22,404,856	14,966,781	66.80%	14
Karnataka	51,094,530	35,159,448	68.81%	28
Kerala	26,204,836	20,397,168	77.84%	20
Lakshadweep (UT)	55,189	47,026	85.21%	1
Madhya Pradesh	51,867,474	36,928,342	71.20%	29
Maharashtra	88,676,946	54,111,038	61.02%	48
Manipur	1,959,563	1,620,451	82.69%	2
Meghalaya	1,914,796	1,367,759	71.43%	2
Mizoram	792,464	500,347	63.14%	1
Nagaland	1,213,777	1,007,437	83.00%	1
NCT OF Delhi	14,327,649	8,682,366	60.60%	7
Odisha	32,497,762	23,817,169	73.29%	21
Puducherry (UT)	973,410	790,895	81.25%	1
Punjab	20,892,673	13,777,295	65.94%	13
Rajasthan	48,95,5813	32,47,6481	66.34%	25
Sikkim	434,128	353,415	81.41%	1
Tamil Nadu	59,941,832	43,419,753	72.44%	39
Telangana	29,708,615	18,646,856	62.77%	17
Tripura	2,614,718	2,154,550	82.40%	2
Uttar Pradesh	146,134,603	86,531,972	59.21%	80
Uttarakhand	7,856,318	4,861,415	61.88%	5
West Bengal	70,001,284	57,230,018	81.76%	42
India	911,950,734	614,684,398	67.40%	543

Surveys and polls

This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election[edit]

Number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time.

Indian General Election Trends - 2019

Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day. The ECI banned the release of exit polls from 11 April to 19 May, the last phase of the elections.^[140] The commission also banned the publication or broadcast in the media of predictions made by astrologers and tarot card readers.^[141]

Poll type	Date published	Polling agency			Others	Majority	Ref
			NDA	UPA
Exit polls		India Today-Axis	352 ± 13	93 ± 15	82 ± 13	70 ± 13	[142]
		News24-Today's Chanakya	350 ± 14	95 ± 9	97 ± 11	68 ± 14	[143]
		News18-IPSOS CNN-IBN-IPSOS	336	82	124	64	[144][145]
		VDP Associates	333	115	94	61	[146]
		Sudarshan News	313	121	109	41	[147]
		Times Now-VMR	306 ± 3	132 ± 3	104 ± 3	34 ± 3	[148]
		Republic-Jan Ki Baat	305	124	113	33	[149]
		Suvarna News	305	124	102	33	[147]
		India TV-CNX	300 ± 10	120 ± 5	122 ± 6	28 ± 10	[150]
		India News-Polstrat	287	128	127	15	[151]
		Republic-CVoter	287	128	127	15	[145]
		News Nation	286	122	134	14	[152]
		ABP-CSDS	277	130	135	5	[142]
		NewsX-Neta	242	164	137	Hung	[145]
Opinion polls	8 April 2019	Times Now-VMR	279	149	115	7	[153]
	6 April 2019	India TV-CNX	275	126	142	3	[154]
	1 Feb – 4 April 2019	Jan Ki Baat	310	122	111	38	[155]
	Mar 2019	Times Now-VMR	283	135	125	11	[156]
	Mar 2019	News Nation	270	134	139	Hung	[157]
	Mar 2019	Republic-CVoter	264	141	138	Hung	[158]
	Mar 2019	India TV-CNX	285	126	132	13	[159]
	Mar 2019	Zee 24 Taas	264	165	114	Hung	[160]
	Feb 2019	VDP Associates	242	148	153	Hung	[161]
	Jan 2019	Times Now-VMR	252	147	144	Hung	[162]
	Jan 2019	ABP News-CVoter	233	167	143	Hung	[163]
	Jan 2019	India Today-Karvy	237	166	140	Hung	[164]
	Jan 2019	VDP Associates	225	167	150	Hung	[165]
	Dec 2018	India Today	257	146	140	Hung	[166]
	Dec 2018	ABP News-CVoter	247	171	125	Hung	[167]
	Dec 2018	India TV-CNX	281	124	138	9	[168]
	Nov 2018	ABP News-CVoter	261	119	163	Hung	[169]
	Oct 2018	ABP News	276	112	155	4	[170]
	Aug 2018	India Today-Karvy	281	122	140	9	[171]
	May 2018	ABP News-CSDS	274	164	105	2	[172]
	Jan 2018	Republic-CVoter	335	89	119	63	[173]
	Jan 2018	India Today	309	102	132	37	[174]

Results

For a more comprehensive list, see Results of the 2019 Indian general election, List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha, and 17th Lok Sabha.

A cartogram showing the popular vote in each constituency.

353	91	98
NDA	UPA	Others

Seat share of parties in the election

  BJP (55.80%)

  INC (9.57%)

  DMK (4.41%)

  AITC (4.05%)

  YSRCP (4.05%)

  SS (3.31%)

  JD(U) (2.95%)

  BJD (2.21%)

  BSP (1.84%)

  TRS (1.66%)

  Other (10.15%)

Vote share of parties in the election

  BJP (37.36%)

  INC (19.49%)

  AITC (4.07%)

  BSP (3.63%)

  SP (2.55%)

  YSRCP (2.53%)

  DMK (2.26%)

  SS (2.10%)

  TDP (2.04%)

  CPI(M) (1.75%)

  Other (22.22%)

Party/alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	NationalDemocraticAlliance[175]		Bharatiya Janata Party	229,076,879	37.36	303	21
			Shiv Sena	12,858,904	2.10	18
			Janata Dal (United)	8,926,679	1.46	16	14
			All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	7,830,146	1.28	1	36
			Shiromani Akali Dal	3,778,574	0.62	2	2
			Lok Jan Shakti Party	3,206,979	0.52	6
			Apna Dal (Sonelal)	1,039,478	0.17	2
			Rashtriya Loktantrik Party	660,051	0.11	1	1
			All Jharkhand Students Union	648,277	0.11	1	1
			Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	500,510	0.08	1	1
			National People's Party	425,986	0.07	1
			Mizo National Front	224,286	0.04	1	1
			Total	269,176,749	43.90	353	17
	UnitedProgressiveAlliance[175]		Indian National Congress	119,495,214	19.49	52	8
			Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[b]	13,877,992	2.26	23	23
			Nationalist Congress Party[j]	8,500,331	1.39	5	1
			Rashtriya Janata Dal	6,632,247	1.08	0	4
			Janata Dal (Secular)	3,457,107	0.56	1	1
			Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	1,901,976	0.31	1	1
			Indian Union Muslim League	1,592,467	0.26	3	1
			Revolutionary Socialist Party	709,685	0.12	1
			Kerala Congress (M)	421,046	0.07	1
			Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	507,643	0.08	1	1
			Total[b]	157,095,708	25.62	91	31
	Federal Front		All India Trinamool Congress	24,929,330	4.07	22	12
			Aam Aadmi Party	2,716,629	0.44	1	3
	Mahagathbandhan		Bahujan Samaj Party	22,246,501	3.63	10	10
			Rashtriya Lok Dal	1,447,363	0.24	0
			Samajwadi Party	15,647,206	2.55	5
	Left Front		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	10,744,908	1.75	3	6
			Communist Party of India	3,576,184	0.58	2	1
	Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party			15,537,006	2.53	22	13
	Telugu Desam Party			12,515,345	2.04	3	13
	Biju Janata Dal			10,174,021	1.66	12	8
	Telangana Rashtra Samithi			7,696,848	1.26	9	2
	Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi			3,743,560	0.61	0
	Pattali Makkal Katchi			2,297,431	0.37	0
	Jana Sena Party			1,915,127	0.31	0
	Naam Tamilar Katchi			1,668,079	0.27	0
	Makkal Needhi Maiam			1,613,708	0.26	0
	Asom Gana Parishad			1,480,697	0.24	0
	Rashtriya Lok Samta Party			1,462,518	0.24	0
	All India United Democratic Front			1,402,088	0.23	1	2
	All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen			1,201,542	0.20	2	1
	Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)			956,501	0.16	0
	Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam			929,590	0.15	0
	Swabhimani Paksha			834,380	0.14	0
	Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)			750,799	0.12	0
	Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)			711,715	0.12	0
	Vikassheel Insaan Party			660,706	0.11	0
	Jannayak Janta Party			619,970	0.10	0
	Bharatiya Tribal Party			539,319	0.09	0
	Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi			491,596	0.08	0
	Lok Insaaf Party			469,784	0.08	0
	Bodoland People's Front			446,774	0.07	0
	United People's Party Liberal			416,305	0.07	0
	Bahujan Mukti Party			405,949	0.07	0
	Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)			403,835	0.07	0
	Ambedkarite Party of India			381,070	0.06	0
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena			380,847	0.06	0
	Naga People's Front			363,527	0.06	1
	Pragatishil Samajwadi Party (Lohia)			344,546	0.06	0
	All India Forward Bloc			322,507	0.05	0
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party			313,925	0.05	0
	Punjab Ekta Party			296,620	0.05	0
	Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha			281,578	0.05	0
	Jammu & Kashmir National Conference			280,356	0.05	3	3
	United Democratic Party			267,256	0.04	0
	All India N.R. Congress			247,956	0.04	0
	Indian National Lok Dal			240,258	0.04	0
	Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)			220,849	0.04	0
	Gondwana Ganatantra Party			210,088	0.03	0
	Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)			203,369	0.03	0
	Social Democratic Party of India			169,680	0.03	0
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha			166,922	0.03	1	1
	596 other parties			6,548,947	1.07	0	–
	Independents			16,467,341	2.69	4	1
NOTA				6,513,355	1.06	–	–
Invalid/blank votes				509,530	–	–	–
Total				613,656,298	100	542	–
Registered voters/turnout				910,512,091	67.40	–	–
Source: ECI (totals) ECI (votes), ECI, ECI, ECI (seats)

Outgoing Cabinet Minister to lose in the election

• Anant Geete – Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (Raigad) Shiv Sena^[176]

Outgoing Ministers of State to lose in the election

• Manoj Sinha - Minister of State for Communications (Independent charge) (Ghazipur) BJP

• Alphons Kannanthanam - Minister of State for Electronics and IT and Minister of State for Tourism (Independent charge) (Ernakulam) BJP
• Hardeep Singh Puri - Minister of State for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (Amritsar) BJP
• Hansraj Gangaram Ahir - Minister of State for Home Affairs (Chandrapur)
• Pon Radhakrishnan - Minister of State for Finance (Kanyakumari) BJP

Former Prime Minister to lose in the election

• H. D. Deve Gowda (JD-S)- Prime Minister of India from 1996 - 1997 lost from Tumkur of Karnataka^[177]

Former Chief Ministers to lose in the election

• H. D. Deve Gowda - Karnataka (Tumkur) JD(S)
• Sheila Dikshit - Delhi (North East Delhi) INC^[178]
• Digvijaya Singh - Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal) INC
• Sushil Kumar Shinde - Maharashtra (Solapur) INC^[179]
• Ashok Chavan - Maharashtra (Nanded) INC^[180]
• Harish Rawat - Uttarakhand (Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar) INC
• Bhupinder Singh Hooda - Haryana (Sonipat) INC
• Veerappa Moily - Karnataka (Chikkballapur) INC
• Mukul Sangma - Meghalaya (Tura) INC
• Nabam Tuki - Arunachal Pradesh (Arunachal West) INC
• Shibu Soren - Jharkhand (Dumka) JMM
• Jitan Ram Manjhi - Bihar (Gaya) HAM
• Babu Lal Marandi - Jharkhand (Kodarma) JVM(P)
• Mehbooba Mufti - Jammu and Kashmir (Anantnag) PDP

Aftermath

Reactions

National

Indian National Congress party leaders such as Rahul Gandhi and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party.^[181] Other opposition parties and political leaders such as Sharad Pawar,^[182] Mamata Banerjee and Omar Abdullah,^[183] congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory.

On 20 November 2019 the Association for Democratic Reforms filed a petition with the Supreme Court of India over alleged ballot-counting discrepancies in the Lok Sabha voting and seeking a probe by the ECI.^[184]

International

The leaders of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, China, Comoros, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan Latvia, Lesotho, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Nigeria, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe congratulated Narendra Modi and the BJP on their victory.^[185]

Government formation

This section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election[edit]

• 23 May 2019: PM Narendra Modi wins a second term with an overwhelming majority.
• 30 May 2019: PM Narendra Modi is sworn in as Prime Minister of India with 24 Cabinet Ministers, 9 MoS (Independent Charge) and 24 MoS.^[186]

Swearing-in ceremony

This section is an excerpt from Second swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi[edit]

Narendra Modi, parliamentary leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, started his tenure after his swearing-in as the 16th Prime Minister of India on 30 May 2019. Several other ministers were also sworn in along with Modi. The ceremony was noted by media for being the first ever swearing-in of an Indian Prime Minister to have been attended by the heads of all BIMSTEC countries.

Impact

The benchmark BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices hit intraday record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened after the exit polls and on the day the election results were announced.^[187]

Timeline

This section is an excerpt from Timeline of the 2019 Indian general election § Electoral events[edit]

Electoral timelines are as below:^[188]

March 2019

• 10 March 2019: The Election Commission of India announced election scheduled to the 17th Lok Sabha.^[188]
  • The Model Code of Conduct comes into force.^[189]
• 18 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 1st poll day.^[188]
• 19 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 2nd poll day.^[188]
• 25 March 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 1st poll day.^[188]
• 26 March 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 2nd poll day.^[188]
  • Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 1st poll day.^[188]
• 27 March 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 2nd poll day.^[188]
• 28 March 2019: Issue of notification for the 3rd poll day.^[188]
  • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 1st poll day.^[188]
• 29 March 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 2nd poll day.^[188]

April 2019

• 2 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 4th poll day.^[188]
• 3 April 2019: Indian National Congress released their manifesto titled Congress Will Deliver.^[190]
• 4 April 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 3rd poll day.^[188]
• 5 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 3rd poll day.^[188]
• 8 April 2019: Bharatiya Janata Party released its manifesto titled Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat.^[191][192]
  • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 3rd poll day.^[188]
• 9 April 2019: Last date for filing nominations for the 4th poll day.^[188]
• 10 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 5th poll day.^[188]
  • Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 4th poll day.^[188]
• 11 April 2019: Polling held at 91 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 20 states for the first poll day.^[188]
• 12 April 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 4th poll day.^[188]
• 16 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 6th poll day.^[188]
• 18 April 2019: Polling held at 95 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 13 states for the second poll day.^[188] (Vellore constituency election cancelled due to illegal cash deposit from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate.)^{[citation needed]}
  • Last date for filing nominations for the 5th poll day.^[188]
• 20 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 5th poll day.^[188]
• 22 April 2019: Issue of notification for the 7th poll day.^[188]
  • Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 5th poll day.^[188]
• 23 April 2019: Polling held at 117 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 14 states for the third poll day.^[188]
  • Last date for filing nominations for the 6th poll day.^[188]
• 24 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 6th poll day.^[188]
• 26 April 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 6th poll day.^[188]
• 29 April 2019: Polling held at 71 parliamentary constituencies spanning over 9 states for the fourth poll day.^[188]
  • Last date for filing nominations for the 7th poll day.^[188]
• 30 April 2019: Scrutiny of nominations filed for the 7th poll day.^[188]

May 2019

• 2 May 2019: Last day for withdrawal of candidature filed for the 7th poll day.^[188]
• 6 May 2019: Polling held for 51 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states for the fifth polling day.^[188]
• 12 May 2019: Polling held for 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 7 states the sixth polling day.^[188]
• 19 May 2019: Polling held at 59 parliamentary constituencies in more than 8 states the seventh polling day.^[188]
• 23 May 2019: Counting of votes and declaration of results for all polling days.^[188]

See also

• 2019 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
• 2019 elections in India
• Politics of India

Notes

1. Two seats are reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled through Presidential nomination, while the poll in one constituency was cancelled.
2. The DMK gained an additional seat after a by-election for the Vellore constituency.
3. In 9 states and union territories of India – such as Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala and Uttarakhand – more women turned out to vote than men in 2019.^[7]
4. The unemployment data in India is not collected on a monthly or an annual basis, rather it is determined through a sample survey once every 5 years, with a few exceptions. The survey methodology is unlike those in major world economies, and sub-classifies unemployment into categories such as "usual status unemployment" and "current status unemployment" based on the answers given by the individuals interviewed. Its methodology and results have been questioned by various scholars.^[46][47][48] The report and the refusal of the BJP government to release it has been criticised by economist Surjit Bhalla.^[47] According to Bhalla, the survey methodology is flawed and its results absurd, because the sample survey-based report finds that India's overall population has declined since 2011–12 by 1.2 per cent (contrary to the Census data which states a 6.7 per cent increase). The report finds that India's percent urbanisation and urban workforce has declined since 2012, which is contrary to all other studies on Indian urbanisation trends, states Bhalla.^[47] According to NSSO's report's data, "the Modi government has unleashed the most inclusive growth anywhere, and at any time in human history" – which is as unbelievable as the unemployment data it reports, states Bhalla.^[47] The NSSO report suggests the inflation-adjusted employment income of casual workers has dramatically increased while those of the salaried wage-earners has fallen during the 5-years of BJP government.^[47] The NSSO has also changed the sampling methodology in the latest round, state Bhalla and Avik Sarkar,^[49] which is one of the likely sources of its flawed statistics and conclusions.^[47]
5. According to Chandra: in 2009 after the persistently dynastic Samajwadi party, the larger Biju Janata Dal ranked next, followed by the Congress party. In 2004 and 2014, Congress ranked second.^[71]
6. Stanley Kochanek in 1987 published about the "briefcase politics" tradition in Indian politics during the decades when the Congress party dominated Indian national politics.^[109] Similarly, Rajeev Gowda and E Sridharan in 2012 have discussed the history of campaign financing laws in India and the role of black money in Indian elections.^[110] Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav discuss the rise of "briefcase" black money donations in India triggered by the 1969 campaign financing bans proposed and enacted by Indira Gandhi, and the campaign finance law reforms thereafter through 2017. They call the recent reforms as yielding "greater transparency than ever before, though limited".^[111]
7. / indicate change from the 2014 elections.
8. Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.
9. Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies. Polling in Vellore was cancelled and later held on 5 August 2019.
10. Contested the seat of Lakshadweep without pre-poll seat sharing

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Further reading

• Surjit S. Bhalla. Citizen Raj: Indian Elections 1952-2019 (2019 Buy Citizen Raj: Indian Elections 1952-2019 Book Online at Low Prices in India | Citizen Raj: Indian Elections 1952-2019 Reviews & Ratings - Amazon.in
• Prannoy Roy, Dorab R. Sopariwala. The Verdict: Decoding India's Elections (2019) The Verdict

External links

• Media related to 2019 Indian general election at Wikimedia Commons