 | Este artículo necesita citas adicionales para su verificación . ( marzo de 2014 ) ( Aprenda cómo y cuándo eliminar este mensaje de plantilla ) |
| Besugo común | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Besugo ( Abramis brama ) | |
clasificación cientifica  | |
| Reino: | Animalia |
| Filo: | Chordata |
| Clase: | Actinopterígios |
| Pedido: | Cipriniformes |
| Familia: | Ciprínidos |
| Subfamilia: | Leuciscinae |
| Género: | Abramis Cuvier , 1816 |
| Especies: | A. brama |
| Nombre binomial | |
| Abramis brama | |
| Sinónimos | |
| |
El besugo , el besugo , el besugo , el besugo , [2] o el besugo [3] ( Abramis brama ), es una especie europea de peces de agua dulce de la familia de los ciprínidos . Ahora se considera que es la única especie del género Abramis .
Rango y hábitat [ editar ]
El área de distribución del besugo es Europa al norte de los Alpes y los Pirineos , así como los Balcanes . Se encuentran tan al este como el Mar Caspio , el Mar Negro y el Mar de Aral . El besugo vive en estanques, lagos, canales y ríos de corriente lenta.
Descripción [ editar ]
El besugo suele medir de 30 a 55 cm (12 a 22 pulgadas) de largo, aunque se han registrado algunos ejemplares de 75 cm (30 pulgadas); por lo general, pesa de 2 a 4 kg (de 4,4 a 8,8 libras). Su longitud máxima es de 90 cm (35,5 pulgadas), el peso registrado es de alrededor de 9,1 kg (20 libras).
El besugo tiene un cuerpo aplanado lateralmente y de espalda alta y una boca ligeramente inferior. Es de un color gris plateado, aunque los peces más viejos pueden ser de color bronce, especialmente en aguas claras. Las aletas son de color grisáceo a negro, pero nunca rojizas.
Pez de aspecto similar [ editar ]
La dorada común se puede confundir fácilmente con la dorada plateada o blanca ( Blicca bjoerkna ), en particular en las etapas más jóvenes (ver imagen). El método más confiable para distinguir estas especies es contando las escamas en línea recta hacia abajo desde el primer radio de la aleta dorsal hasta la línea lateral . El besugo tiene menos de 10 filas de escamas, mientras que el besugo tiene 11 o más. En la etapa adulta, el tinte rojizo de la aleta pectoral del besugo es diagnóstico. Al igual que otros ciprínidos , el besugo se puede hibridar fácilmente con otras especies e híbridos con la cucaracha ( Rutilus rutilus) can be very difficult to distinguish from pure-bred bream.[2]
Habitat[edit]
The common bream generally lives in rivers (especially in the lower reaches) and in nutrient-rich lakes and ponds with muddy bottoms and plenty of algae. It can also be found in brackish sea waters.[1]
Feeding habits[edit]
The common bream lives in schools near the bottom. At night common bream can feed close to the shore and in clear waters with sandy bottoms feeding pits can be seen during daytime. The fish's protractile mouth helps it dig for chironomid larvae, Tubifex worms, bivalves, and gastropods. The bream eats water plants and plankton, as well.
In very turbid waters, common bream can occur in large numbers, which may result in a shortage of bottom-living prey such as chironomids. The bream are then forced to live by filter feeding with their gill rakers, Daphnia water fleas being the main prey. As the fish grows, the gill rakers become too far apart to catch small prey and the bream will not then grow bigger than 40 cm (16 in).[citation needed] If a common bream is malnourished, it can develop a so-called "knife back", a sharp edge along its back.
Spawning[edit]
The common bream spawns from April to June, when water temperatures are around 17 °C (63 °F). At this time, the males form territories within which the females lay 100,000 to 300,000 eggs on water plants.[citation needed] The fry hatch after three to 12 days and attach themselves to water plants with special adhesive glands, until their yolk is used up.
Because of their slender shape, the young fish are often not recognised as bream, but they can be identified by their flat bodies and silvery colour. At this stage, the fish are still pelagic, but after a few months, they acquire their typical body shape and become bottom-dwellers. By three to four years old, the fish are sexually mature.
Fishing[edit]
 | This article is written like a manual or guidebook. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
The freshwater bream is not generally caught for consumption. Common Bream are popular with sport and match fishermen. However, bream are not as hard fighting as most other fish native to the UK, as due to their flat, disc-shaped profile they are relatively easy to bring to the bank. Bream will eat most baits, especially:
- Sweetcorn - two or three grains hooked or hair-rigged.
- Maggots/worms - two or three straight on the hook.
- Boilies - the large mouths of Bream will devour most boilies
Bream can be caught in rivers or lakes, with generous use of groundbait to attract the shoals. They are not shy fish. Float fishing on the bottom is another technique used. Ledgering (using just a lead weight to hold the bait down) with a cage feeder full of bait, often works better on larger rivers and lakes.
The current (2017) record common bream is over 10 kg (22lbs), caught in 2012 [1].
See also[edit]
- Bream (disambiguation)
References[edit]
- ^ a b Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008). "Abramis brama". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008: e.T135696A4184980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135696A4184980.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ a b Giles, Nick, Freshwater Fish of the British Isles: A Guide for Anglers and Naturalists, Swan Hill Press, 1994, ISBN 1-85310-317-9, pp 140–144
- ^ FishBase, Common names of Abramis brama. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abramis brama. |
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). "Abramis brama" in FishBase. August 2011 version.
- ITIS 163666
