Mildred Ella " bebé " Didrikson Zaharias ( / z ə h ɑr i ə s / ; 26 junio 1911 a 27 septiembre 1956) fue un atleta estadounidense que destacó en el campo , el baloncesto , el béisbol y el atletismo . Ganó dos medallas de oro en pista y campo en los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1932 , antes de dedicarse al golf profesional y ganar 10 campeonatos importantes de la LPGA . Es considerada una de las mejores atletas de todos los tiempos.
Bebé didrikson zaharias | |||||||||||||
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Informacion personal | |||||||||||||
Nombre completo | Mildred Ella Didrikson Zaharias | ||||||||||||
Apodo | Bebé | ||||||||||||
Nació | Port Arthur, Texas , EE. UU. | 26 de junio de 1911 ||||||||||||
Fallecido | 27 de septiembre de 1956 Galveston, Texas , EE. UU. [1] | (45 años) ||||||||||||
Altura | 5 pies 7 pulg (1,70 m) [1] | ||||||||||||
Peso | 126 libras (57 kg) [1] | ||||||||||||
Nacionalidad | Estados Unidos | ||||||||||||
Cónyuge | George Zaharias | ||||||||||||
Carrera profesional | |||||||||||||
Convertido en profesional | 1947 | ||||||||||||
Retirado | 1956 (su muerte) | ||||||||||||
Tour (s) anterior (s) | LPGA Tour (ingresó en 1950, su fundación) | ||||||||||||
Victorias profesionales | 48 | ||||||||||||
Número de victorias por gira | |||||||||||||
Gira LPGA | 41 | ||||||||||||
Otro | 7 | ||||||||||||
Mejores resultados en grandes campeonatos de la LPGA (victorias: 10) | |||||||||||||
Abierto occidental | Ganó : 1940 , 1944 , 1945 , 1950 | ||||||||||||
Titularidad C'ship | Ganó : 1947 , 1950 , 1952 | ||||||||||||
Abierto de mujeres de EE. UU. | Ganó : 1948 , 1950 , 1954 | ||||||||||||
Logros y premios | |||||||||||||
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Deporte | |
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Deporte | Atletismo |
Eventos) | Sprint, 80 m vallas, salto de altura , salto de longitud , lanzamiento de jabalina , lanzamiento de disco , lanzamiento de peso |
Club | Employers 'Casualty Co. Club |
Logros y títulos | |
Mejor (s) personal (es) | 80 mH - 11,7 (1932) 100 m - 12,3 (1931) 200 m - 25,6 (1931) HJ - 1,65 m (1932) LJ - 5,70 m (1930) JT - 43,69 m (1932) DT - 42,06 m (1932) SP - 12,04 m (1932) [1] [2] |
Récord de medallas Representando a los Estados Unidos Juegos olímpicos 1932 Los Ángeles Vallas de 80 m 1932 Los Ángeles Lanzamiento de jabalina 1932 Los Ángeles Salto alto |
Biografía
Mildred Ella Didrikson nació el 26 de junio de 1911, [3] la sexta de siete hijos, en la ciudad costera de Port Arthur , Texas . Su madre, Hannah, y su padre, Ole Didriksen, eran inmigrantes de Noruega . Aunque sus tres hermanos mayores nacieron en Noruega, Babe y sus otros tres hermanos nacieron en Port Arthur. Más tarde cambió la ortografía de su apellido de Didriksen a Didrikson. [4] Se mudó con su familia a 850 Doucette en Beaumont, Texas , a los 4 años. Afirmó haber adquirido el apodo de "Babe" (después de Babe Ruth ) al conectar cinco jonrones en un juego de béisbol infantil , pero su madre noruega la había llamado "Bebe" desde que era una niña pequeña. [5]
Aunque más conocida por sus dotes atléticas, Didrikson tenía muchos talentos. También compitió en costura. Excelente costurera , confeccionó muchas de sus prendas, incluidos sus atuendos de golf. Afirmó haber ganado el campeonato de costura en la Feria Estatal de Texas de 1931 en Dallas ; ganó la Feria Estatal del Sur de Texas en Beaumont, embelleciendo la historia muchos años después en 1953. Asistió a Beaumont High School. Nunca fue una estudiante fuerte, se vio obligada a repetir el octavo grado y era un año mayor que sus compañeros de clase. Finalmente se retiró sin graduarse después de mudarse a Dallas para jugar baloncesto. [5] Era cantante y armónica y grabó varias canciones en el sello Mercury Records . Su mayor venta fue "Sentí una pequeña lágrima" con "Desvío" en la otra cara. [6]
Ya famosa como Babe Didrikson, se casó con George Zaharias (1908–1984), un luchador profesional , en St. Louis, Missouri , el 23 de diciembre de 1938. A partir de entonces, fue ampliamente conocida como Babe Didrikson Zaharias o Babe Zaharias . Los dos se conocieron mientras jugaban al golf. George Zaharias, una americana griega , era originario de Pueblo, Colorado . Llamado el "Griego llorando de Cripple Creek ", Zaharias también actuó a tiempo parcial, apareciendo en la película de 1952 Pat and Mike . Los Zaharias no tuvieron hijos. Fueron rechazados por las autoridades cuando intentaron adoptar. [ cita requerida ]
Logros atléticos
Didrikson ganó fama mundial en atletismo y All-American estado en el baloncesto. Jugaba béisbol y softbol organizados y era una experta buceadora, patinadora y jugadora de bolos.
Campeón de la AAU
El primer trabajo de Didrikson después de la escuela secundaria fue como secretaria de la Compañía de Seguros de Accidentes de Empleadores de Dallas, aunque solo la emplearon para jugar baloncesto como aficionada en el "equipo industrial" de la compañía, los Ciclones Dorados . [7] Como nota al margen, la competición estaba gobernada por la Unión Atlética Amateur (AAU). A pesar de llevar al equipo a un Campeonato de Baloncesto de la AAU en 1931, [8] Didrikson primero había logrado mayor atención como atleta de pista y campo.
Representando a su compañía en los Campeonatos AAU de 1932 , compitió en ocho de diez eventos, ganando cinco de forma absoluta y empatando en el primer lugar de un sexto. Las actuaciones de Didrikson fueron suficientes para ganar el campeonato por equipos, a pesar de ser la única integrante de su equipo. [4]
Juegos Olímpicos de 1932
Didrikson estableció cuatro récords mundiales, ganando dos medallas de oro y una medalla de plata en pista y campo en los Juegos Olímpicos de Los Ángeles de 1932. [9] [10] En los 80 metros con vallas, igualó el récord mundial de 11,8 segundos en su primera serie. En la final, rompió su récord con un reloj de 11.7, llevándose el oro. En la jabalina, también ganó el oro con un lanzamiento récord olímpico de 43,69 metros. En el salto de altura, se llevó la plata con un salto récord mundial de 1.657 metros (5.44 pies). Su compatriota estadounidense Jean Shiley también saltó 1,657 metros, y la pareja empató en un desempate cuando la barra se elevó a 1,67 metros (5,5 pies). Shiley recibió el oro después de que se dictaminó que Didrikson había utilizado una técnica incorrecta. [1]
Didrikson es el único atleta de pista y campo, masculino o femenino, en ganar medallas olímpicas individuales en un evento de carrera, lanzamiento y salto.
Después de los Juegos Olímpicos
En los años siguientes, actuó en el circuito de vodevil , viajó con equipos como el equipo de baloncesto All-Americans de Babe Didrikson y el equipo barbudo de la Casa de David (comuna) . Didrikson también era un jugador competitivo de billar de bolsillo (pool), aunque no un campeón. Se destacó en la prensa de enero de 1933 por jugar (y perder gravemente) un partido de grupo de varios días seguidos en la ciudad de Nueva York contra la famosa cueista Ruth McGinnis . [11]
Golf
En 1935, Didrikson comenzó a jugar al golf , un recién llegado al deporte en el que se hizo más conocida. Poco después, se le negó el estatus de amateur, por lo que, en enero de 1938, compitió en el Abierto de Los Ángeles , un torneo de la PGA (Asociación de golfistas profesionales). Ninguna otra mujer compitió contra hombres en este torneo hasta Annika Sörenstam , Suzy Whaley , Michelle Wie y Brittany Lincicome casi seis décadas después. Ella disparó 81 y 84, y falló el corte. En el torneo, se asoció con George Zaharias. Se casaron once meses después y se establecieron en Tampa, Florida , en las instalaciones de un campo de golf que compraron en 1951.
Didrikson se convirtió en la primera celebridad femenina del golf en Estados Unidos y en la jugadora principal de la década de 1940 y principios de la de 1950. Para recuperar el estatus de aficionada en el deporte, no pudo competir en ningún otro deporte durante tres años. Recuperó su condición de amateur en 1942. En 1945, había participado en tres eventos más del PGA Tour, perdiendo el segundo corte del primero de ellos y haciendo el corte de los otros dos; a partir de 2018, sigue siendo la única mujer que lo ha logrado. [12] Zaharias ganó el Aficionado Femenino de Estados Unidos de 1946 y el Amateur Femenino Británico de 1947 , el primer estadounidense en hacerlo, y tres Abiertos occidentales de mujeres . Habiéndose convertido formalmente en profesional en 1947, Didrikson dominó la Asociación de Golf Profesional de Mujeres y más tarde la Asociación de Golf Profesional de Mujeres . Fue miembro fundadora de la Ladies Professional Golf Association, en 1950. [13] Una enfermedad grave acabó con su carrera a mediados de la década de 1950.
Zaharias won a tournament named after her, the Babe Zaharias Open of her hometown of Beaumont, Texas. She won the 1947 Titleholders Championship and the 1948 U.S. Women's Open for her fourth and fifth major championships. She won 17 straight women's amateur victories, a feat never equaled by anyone. By 1950, she had won every golf title available. Totaling both her amateur and professional victories, Zaharias won a total of 82 golf tournaments.
Charles McGrath of The New York Times wrote of Zaharias, "Except perhaps for Arnold Palmer, no golfer has ever been more beloved by the gallery."[14]
Golf awards
While Zaharias missed the cut in the 1938 PGA Tour event, later, as she became more experienced, she made the cut in every PGA Tour event she entered. In January 1945, Zaharias played in three PGA tournaments. She shot 76–76 to qualify for the Los Angeles Open.[15] She then shot 76–81 to make the two-day cut in the tournament itself, but missed the three-day cut after a 79, making her the first (and currently only) woman in history to make the cut in a regular PGA Tour event. She continued her cut streak at the Phoenix Open, where she shot 77-72-75-80, finishing in 33rd place.[15] At the Tucson Open, she qualified by shooting 74-81 and then shot a 307 in the tournament and finished tied for 42nd.[15] Unlike other female golfers competing in men's events, she got into the Los Angeles[16] and Tucson Opens through 36-hole qualifiers, as opposed to a sponsor's exemption.[17]
In 1948, she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA. They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.[18]
Baseball
On March 20, 1934, Didrikson pitched one inning in a major league baseball spring training exhibition game for the Philadelphia Athletics against the Brooklyn Dodgers. She gave up one walk and no hits.[19][10]
Two days later, on March 22, 1934, Didrikson pitched the first inning of a major league baseball exhibition game for the St. Louis Cardinals against the Boston Red Sox. It was reported that "Under tutelage of Burleigh Grimes, Dizzy Dean, and others she has learned to stand on the rubber, wind up like a big leaguer and throw a rather fair curve."[20] The Red Sox scored three runs against Didrikson in the inning before she got Boston third baseman Bucky Walters to fly out to future Hall of Famer Joe Medwick in left field to end the inning. Didrikson was relieved at the start of the second inning by Cardinal pitcher Bill Hallahan. 400 fans were in attendance.[21]
Three days later, on March 25, 1934, she played for the New Orleans Pelicans against the Cleveland Indians, pitching two scoreless innings and lining out in her only plate appearance.[19]
Didrikson is still recognized as the world record holder for the farthest baseball throw by a woman.[22]
Last years and death
Zaharias had her greatest year in 1950 when she completed the Grand Slam of the three women's majors of the day: the U.S. Open, the Titleholders Championship, and the Women's Western Open, a feat that made her the leader on the money list that year. Also that year, she reached 10 wins faster than any other LPGA golfer, doing so in one year and 20 days, a record that still stands. She was the leading money-winner again in 1951, and in 1952 took another major with a Titleholders victory, but illness prevented her from playing a full schedule in 1952–53. This did not stop her from becoming the fastest player to reach 20 wins (two years and four months).
She was a close friend of fellow golfer Betty Dodd. According to Susan Cayleff's biography Babe, Dodd was quoted as saying, "I had such admiration for this fabulous person [Zaharias]. I loved her. I would have done anything for her."[23] They met in a 1950 amateur golf tournament in Miami and became close almost immediately. Cayleff wrote, "As Didrikson's marriage grew increasingly troubled, she spent more time with Dodd. The women toured together on the golf circuit, and eventually Dodd moved in with Zaharias and Didrikson for the last six years of Didrikson's life."[24] They never used the word "lesbian" to describe their relationship, but there is little doubt that their relationship was both sexual and romantic.[23][3]
In 1953 Zaharias was diagnosed with colon cancer. After undergoing surgery, she made a comeback in 1954. She took the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average, her only win of that trophy, and her 10th and final major with a U.S. Women's Open championship, one month after the surgery and while wearing a colostomy bag. With this win, she became the second-oldest woman to win a major LPGA championship tournament (behind Fay Crocker). Babe Zaharias now stands third to Crocker and Sherri Steinhauer. These wins made her the fastest player to reach 30 wins (five years and 22 days).[17] In addition to continuing tournament play, Zaharias also served as the president of the LPGA from August 1952 to July 1955.[25]
Her colon cancer recurred in 1955. Despite her limited schedule of eight golfing events that season, Zaharias won her last two tournaments in competitive golf. On September 27, 1956, Zaharias died of her illness at the age of forty-five at the John Sealy Hospital in Galveston, Texas. At the time of her death, she was still a top-ranked female golfer. She and her husband had earlier established the Babe Zaharias Fund to support cancer clinics.[26] She is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in her hometown of Beaumont, Texas.[27]
During her final years, Didrikson became known not only for her athletic abilities but as a public advocate for cancer awareness, at a time when many Americans refused to seek diagnosis or treatment for suspected cancer.[28] She used her fame to raise funds for her cancer fund but also as a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society. Her work in this area was honored by US President Dwight Eisenhower on a visit to the White House.[24]
Legado
She was named the 10th Greatest North American Athlete of the 20th Century by ESPN,[29] and the 9th Greatest Athlete of the 20th Century by the Associated Press.[citation needed]
Zaharias broke the accepted models of femininity in her time, including the accepted models of female athleticism. Standing 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) tall and weighing 115 lb (52 kg),[30] Zaharias was physically strong and socially straightforward about her strength. Although a sports hero to many, she was also derided for her "manliness".[4]
Zaharias was inducted into the LPGA Hall of Fame in 1951 (now part of the World Golf Hall of Fame). In 1957, she posthumously received the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. It was accepted by her husband George, four months after her death.[31] She was one of six initial inductees into the LPGA Hall of Fame at its inception in 1977.
Zaharias has a museum dedicated to her in Beaumont, Texas, the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Museum. Several golf courses are named after her. A Tampa, Florida golf course that she and her husband owned, the Babe Zaharias Golf Course, was given landmark status.[32]
In 1973, Zaharias, who had lived in the Denver area for most of the 1940s and early 1950s, became one of the three inductees in the inaugural class (joining Dave Hill and Babe Lind) of the Colorado Golf Hall of Fame.[33]
In 1976, Zaharias was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[34]
In 1981, the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18 cent stamp commemorating Zaharias.[35][36]In 2008, Zaharias was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.[37]
On January 7, 2021, Zaharias was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald J. Trump.[38]
Contemporary impressions
It would be much better if she and her ilk stayed at home, got themselves prettied up and waited for the phone to ring.
— sportswriter Joe Williams, New York World-Telegram[4]
Williams' remark typified the attitude of some toward women who did not fit the traditional ideals of femininity current in the first half of the 20th century. However, in the same time period, the Associated Press chose her as the "Female Athlete of the Year" six times for track & field and for golfing, and, in 1950, overwhelmingly voted for her as the "Greatest Female Athlete of the First Half of the Century".[4] Aside from her impact on the women and girls of her time, she impressed seasoned sportswriters also:
She is beyond all belief until you see her perform...Then you finally understand that you are looking at the most flawless section of muscle harmony, of complete mental and physical coordination, the world of sport has ever seen.
— sportswriter Grantland Rice, quoted by ESPN[4]
Modern-day
The Associated Press followed up its 1950 declaration fifty years later by voting Zaharias the Woman Athlete of the 20th Century in 1999. In 2000, Sports Illustrated magazine also named her second on its list of the Greatest Female Athletes of All Time, behind the heptathlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee. She is also in the World Golf Hall of Fame. Zaharias is the highest-ranked woman, at #10, on ESPN's list of the 50 top athletes of the 20th century. In 2000, she was ranked as the 17th greatest golfer, and the second-greatest woman player (after Mickey Wright) by Golf Digest magazine.[39]
She broke the mold of what a lady golfer was supposed to be. The ideal in the 20s and 30s was Joyce Wethered, a willowy Englishwoman with a picture-book swing that produced elegant shots but not especially long ones. Zaharias developed a grooved athletic swing reminiscent of Lee Trevino's, and she was so strong off the tee that a fellow Texan, the great golfer Byron Nelson, once said that he knew of only eight men who could outdrive her. "It's not enough just to swing at the ball," Babe said. "You've got to loosen your girdle and really let the ball have it."
— journalist Charles McGrath, New York Times[14]
Zaharias wrote an autobiography This Life I've Led. It is no longer in print but is available in many libraries.[30]
In 1975, the film Babe, based on Zaharias' life, was released, with Susan Clark playing the lead role (for which Clark would win an Emmy Award). Alex Karras played George Zaharias. Clark and Karras met while making the picture and later married.[30]
In 2014, Zaharias was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display that celebrates LGBT history and people.[40][41]
She was inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Hall of Fame, Class of 2016.[42] She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on January 7, 2021
Babe Zaharias Golf Course
In 1949, Zaharias purchased a golf course in the Forest Hills area of Tampa and lived nearby. After her death, the golf course was sold. It lay dormant as developers attempted to acquire the land for residential housing.
In 1974, the City of Tampa took over the golf course, renovated it, and reopened it, naming it the Babe Zaharias Golf Course. At some point afterward, it was accorded historical-landmark status.[32]
California course
In 1980, the Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort in City of Industry, California built two courses, The Ike and The Zaharias.[43] The courses were designed by William F. Bell (original design) and Casey O'Callaghan (renovation). In 2010, the courses together won the National Golf Course Owners Association's California Golf Course of the Year Award.[44]
This 18-hole course is named for Babe Didrikson Zaharias, one of America 's most decorated all-around athletes... This par 71 features slope ratings ranging from 126 to 138, making the course worthy of the great athlete for which it is named.
— Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort Website[43]
In the media
- Zaharias appeared as a guest on the ABC reality show, The Comeback Story (1953–1954), explaining her attempts to battle colon cancer, which thereafter still claimed her life.[45]
- In 1952, she appeared as herself in the Spencer Tracy-Katharine Hepburn film Pat and Mike.
- In 1975, Susan Clark portrayed Zaharias in a biographic TV movie titled Babe .
- In Jenifer Levin's 1993 novel The Sea of Light, main character Mildred "Babe" Delgado is named after Zaharias by her mother Barbara, who considered Zaharias to be "my only hero."
- In 2007, Carolyn Gage began work on Babe, a full-chorus, full-orchestra musical about Zaharias.[46]
- In June 2011, Little, Brown published a major biography of Zaharias, Wonder Girl, by author Don Van Natta Jr.[7][47]
- In an episode of Arthur titled "World Girls," Francine buys a doll of Zaharias.
- Family Guy has made numerous references to Babe Zaharias being one of the greatest Americans to have lived.
- In season 21 of The Simpsons, Marge dresses up as Zaharias for her Charity Chicks calendar with a history theme. Marge also refers to her as the female Tiger Woods of the 20th century.
- On August 26, 2014, her story was portrayed in a "Sport Heroes" episode of the Comedy Central series Drunk History; Didrikson Zaharias was played by Emily Deschanel.
Amateur gana
Note: This list is incomplete.
- 1935 Texas Women's Amateur
- 1946 U.S. Women's Amateur, Women's Trans-Mississippi Amateur
- 1947 North and South Women's Amateur, British Ladies Amateur
Victorias profesionales
LPGA Tour wins (41)
- 1940 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1944 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1945 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
- 1947 (2) Tampa Open, Titleholders Championship (as an amateur)
- 1948 (3) All American Open, World Championship, U.S. Women's Open
- 1949 (2) World Championship, Eastern Open
- 1950 (8) Titleholders Championship, Pebble Beach Weathervane, Cleveland Weathervane, 144 Hole Weathervane, Women's Western Open, All American Open, World Championship, U.S. Women's Open
- 1951 (9) Ponte Verde Beach Women's Open, Tampa Women's Open, Lakewood Weathervane, Richmond Women's Open, Valley Open, Meridian Hills Weathervane, All American Open, World Championship, Women's Texas Open
- 1952 (5) Miami Weathervane, Titleholders Championship, Bakersfield Open (tied with Marlene Hagge, Betty Jameson and Betsy Rawls), Fresno Open, Women's Texas Open
- 1953 (2) Sarasota Open, Babe Zaharias Open
- 1954 (5) Serbin Open, Sarasota Open, Damon Runyon Cancer Fund Tournament, U.S. Women's Open, All American Open
- 1955 (2) Tampa Open, Peach Blossom Open
LPGA Majors are shown in bold.
Other wins
- 1940 Women's Texas Open
- 1945 Women's Texas Open
- 1946 All American Open, Women's Texas Open
- 1947 Hardscrabble Open
- 1951 Orlando Florida 2-Ball (with George Bolesta)
- 1952 Orlando Mixed (with Al Besselink)
Campeonatos importantes
Wins (10)
Year | Championship | Winning score | Margin | Runner-up |
---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | Women's Western Open | 5 & 4 | Mrs. Russell Mann | |
1944 | Women's Western Open | 7 & 5 | Dorothy Germain (a) | |
1945 | Women's Western Open | 4 & 2 | Dorothy Germain (a) | |
1947 | Titleholders Championship | +4 (78–81–71–74=304) | 5 strokes | Dorothy Kirby (a) |
1948 | U.S. Women's Open | E (75–72–75–78=300) | 8 strokes | Betty Hicks |
1950 | Titleholders Championship | +10 (72–78–73–75=298) | 8 strokes | Claire Doran (a) |
1950 | Women's Western Open | 5 & 3 | Peggy Kirk | |
1950 | U.S. Women's Open | −9 (75–76–70–70=291) | 9 strokes | Betsy Rawls (a) |
1952 | Titleholders Championship | +11 (74–73–73–79=299) | 7 strokes | Betsy Rawls |
1954 | U.S. Women's Open | +3 (72–71–73–75=291) | 12 strokes | Betty Hicks |
Ver también
- List of golfers with most LPGA Tour wins
- List of golfers with most LPGA major championship wins
Female golfers who have competed against men in open PGA tournaments:
- Annika Sorenstam
- Suzy Whaley
- Michelle Wie
- Brittany Lincicome
Referencias
- ^ a b c d e "Babe Didrikson". Sports Reference Olympics. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Mildred Didrikson". Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ a b Gianoulis, Tina. "Didrikson, Mildred "Babe" (1911–1956)" (PDF). glbtq Archives. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Schwartz, Larry. "Didrikson was a woman ahead of her time". ESPN. Retrieved September 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Van Natta Jr., Don (June 2011). Wonder Girl: The Magnificent Sporting Life of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-05699-1.
- ^ "Babe Didrikson Zaharias Biography". PoemHunter.com. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
- ^ a b "Remembering A 'Babe' Sports Fans Shouldn't Forget". NPR. June 26, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ * Ikard, Robert W. (2005). Just for Fun: The Story of AAU Women's Basketball. The University of Arkansas Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1557288899.
- ^ "Record of Achievement". babedidriksonzaharias.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ a b "Babe Didrickson - Greatest Female Athlete Ever". Cool Old Photos. March 20, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ "Babe Didrikson Gets Trouncing at Billiards". San Antonio Express. San Antonio, Texas. January 16, 1933. p. 9.
- ^ Parker, Tony (February 14, 2018). "The First Woman to Play on the Men's Tour: Babe Zaharias". World Golf Hall of Fame.
- ^ "About the LPGA - Our Founders". LPGA.
- ^ a b McGrath, Charles (1996). "Most Valuable Player". New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ a b c PGA TOUR 2007 Guide. PGA Tour. 2006. pp. 6–8.
- ^ "Coltart Smashes Par Seven Shots At Los Angeles". The Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. AP. January 4, 1945. p. 15. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Kelley, Brent. "Babe Didrikson Zaharias". About.com. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ "The Babe 'Not Welcome' In National Open Play". The Telegraph Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. AP. April 7, 1948. p. 11. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b "Babe Zaharias". Baseball Reference. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Sport Salad". newspapers.com. St. Louis Post. March 23, 1934. p. 45. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ Stockton, J. Roy (March 22, 1934). "Babe Didrikson Hurls Inning for Cardinals; Medwick pounds ball". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
- ^ "The Record for the Longest Baseball Thrown by a Woman". The J.G. Preston Experience. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ a b Cayleff, Susan E. (1996). Babe: The Life and Legend of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06593-4.
- ^ a b Stein, Mark, ed. (2004). "Didrikson, Mildred Ella". Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered History in America. 1. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 304–306.
- ^ "Babe Zaharias Bio". LPGA. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ "Babe Zaharias Dies. Athlete Had Cancer". The New York Times. September 29, 1956. Archived from the original on May 24, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
Mrs. Mildred (Babe) Didrikson Zaharias, famed woman athlete, died of cancer in John Sealy Hospital here this morning. She was 42 years old. Mrs. Zaharias had been under treatment since 1953, when the malignant condition was discovered after she had won a golf tournament. ...
- ^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons. 2 (3 ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
- ^ Van Natta, Don, Jr. (2013). Wonder Girl: The Magnificent Sporting Life of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. New York City: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0316067492.
- ^ "Top N. American athletes of the century". ESPN. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
- ^ a b c "FAQs". Beaumont, Texas: Babe Didrikson Zaharias Foundation. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ "Bob Jones Trophy awarded to late great Babe Zaharias". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. January 27, 1957. p. 26.
- ^ a b "Babe Zaharias Golf Course History". Babe Zaharias Golf Course. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
- ^ "Year of Induction 73-74". cologolfhof. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Mildred Babe Didrikson Zaharias". National Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Postal service honors athletes". The Milwaukee Journal. September 6, 1981. p. 8, part 4. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015.
- ^ "American Sports Personalities". United States Postal Service.
- ^ "Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias". Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ Gaydos, Ryan (January 7, 2021). "Trump honors Annika Sorenstam, Gary Player, Babe Zaharias with Presidential edal of Freedom". Fox News. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ Yocom, Guy (July 2000). "50 Greatest Golfers of All Time: And What They Taught Us". Golf Digest. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
- ^ "Legacy Walk honors LGBT 'guardian angels'". Chicago Tribune. October 11, 2014.
- ^ "PHOTOS: 7 LGBT Heroes Honored With Plaques in Chicago's Legacy Walk". Advocate.com.
- ^ "Inductees - Name, Category, Year". Texas Track & Field Coaches Association. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ a b "The Zaharias (The Babe)". Industry Hills Golf Club at Pacific Palms Resort. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
- ^ "2010 Chapter Courses of the Year". National Golf Course Owners Association. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
- ^ Marsh, Earle and Brooks, Tim, The Complete Directory to Prime-Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946– Present, p. 237
- ^ Aimee, Heather (January 26, 2007). "Lesbians Take to the Stage". LOGOonline.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ Niebuhr, Keith (June 26, 2007). "Book to be focus on legend Zaharias' life, achievements". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
Bibliografía
- Cayleff, Susan E. (1996). Babe: The Life and Legend of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06593-4.
- Klawans, Harold L. (1996). 'Why Michael Couldn't Hit and Other Tales of the Neurology of Sports. W.H. Freeman & Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-3001-9.
- Van Natta Jr., Don (2011). Wonder Girl: The Magnificent Sporting Life of Babe Didrikson Zaharias. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-05699-1.
- Zaharias, Babe Didrikson (1955). This Life I've Led: My Autobiography. New York A.S Barns & Co. ASIN B0018EAHXW.
enlaces externos
- Babe, a 1975 TV movie biography, at The Internet Movie Database
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias Photos held by the Library of Congress.
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias at the LPGA Tour official site
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias biography at Golf.about.com
- "Babe Didrikson Zaharias's Legacy Fades," The New York Times, June 25, 2011
- Babe Didrikson Zaharias – Note: Although this is the official site of the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Foundation, this site once contained a number of notable factual errors that have since been corrected. For example, it stated that she won all of the events she entered at the 1932 Olympic games when in fact she won two of the three. It stated that she graduated from high school; she did not. And it stated that she did not smoke, which is also not true.
- Michals, Debra. "Mildred 'Babe' Zaharias". National Women's History Museum. 2015.