The Honeymooners es una comedia de situación de la televisión estadounidenseque se emitió originalmente de 1955 a 1956, creada y protagonizada por Jackie Gleason , y basada en un boceto de comedia recurrentedel mismo nombre que había sido parte del programa de variedades de Gleason. Sigue las vidas delconductor de autobús de la ciudad de Nueva York Ralph Kramden (Gleason), su esposa Alice ( Audrey Meadows ) y su mejor amigo Ed Norton ( Art Carney ) mientras se involucran en varios planes en su vida cotidiana. La mayoría de los episodios giran en torno a las malas decisiones de Ralph en dilemas absurdos que frecuentemente muestran su actitud crítica en un tono cómico. El programa ocasionalmente presenta problemas más serios comoderechos e impresiones sociales de las mujeres .
Los recién casados | |
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Género | Comedia de enredo |
Creado por | Jackie Gleason |
Escrito por | Marvin Marx Walter Stone A.J. Russell Herbert Finn Leonard Stern Sídney Zelinka |
Dirigido por | Frank Satenstein |
Protagonizada | Jackie Gleason Audrey Meadows Arte Carney Joyce Randolph Pert Kelton |
Compositor de música temática | Jackie Gleason Bill Templeton |
Tema principal | "Eres mi mayor amor" |
Tema final | "Eres mi mayor amor" (versión extendida) |
Compositores | Sammy Spear y Jackie Gleason |
País de origen | Estados Unidos |
Idioma original | inglés |
No. de temporadas | 1 |
No. de episodios | 39 ( lista de episodios ) |
Producción | |
Productores ejecutivos | Jack Philbin Stanley Poss |
Productor | Jack Hurdle |
Ubicaciones de producción | Adelphi Theatre , Nueva York, Nueva York |
Cinematografía | Daniel Cavelli Doug Downs Jack Etra |
Configuración de la cámara | Multicámara |
Tiempo de ejecución | 26-27 minutos |
Compania de produccion | Empresas Jackie Gleason |
Distribuidor | Distribución de televisión CBS |
Lanzamiento | |
Red original | CBS |
Formato de imagen | Blanco y negro |
Formato de audio | Monoaural |
Lanzamiento original | 1 de octubre de, 1955 - 22 de de septiembre de, 1956 |
Los bocetos se emitieron por primera vez en la serie de variedades Cavalcade of Stars de la cadena DuMont , que presentó Gleason, y posteriormente en The Jackie Gleason Show [1] de la cadena CBS , que se transmitió en vivo frente a una audiencia de teatro. La popularidad de los bocetos llevó a Gleason a reelaborar The Honeymooners como una serie filmada de media hora que debutó el 1 de octubre de 1955 en CBS, reemplazando a la serie de variedades. Inicialmente fue un éxito de audiencia como el programa No. 2 en los Estados Unidos, enfrentando una dura competencia de The Perry Como Show en NBC . [2] [3] El programa de Gleason finalmente cayó al número 19, [3] [4] y la producción terminó después de 39 episodios (ahora conocido como el "Clásico 39 episodios" ). El episodio final de The Honeymooners se emitió el 22 de septiembre de 1956, y Gleason revivió esporádicamente a los personajes hasta 1978.
The Honeymooners fue uno de los primeros programas de televisión de EE. UU. En retratar a las parejas casadas de la clase trabajadora de una manera valiente y no idílica, ya que el programa se desarrolla principalmente en la cocina de los Kramden en un edificio de apartamentos abandonado de Brooklyn . [5]
Reparto y personajes
La mayoría de los episodios de The Honeymooners se centran en cuatro personajes principales y, por lo general, utilizan decorados fijos dentro de su edificio de apartamentos en Brooklyn. Aunque varios personajes secundarios hacen múltiples apariciones y se incorporan tomas exteriores ocasionales durante la edición, prácticamente toda la acción y el diálogo están "en el escenario" dentro del fondo normal.
Ralph Kramden
Interpretado por Jackie Gleason, un conductor de autobús de la ficticia Gotham Bus Company con sede en la ciudad de Nueva York. Nunca se le ve conduciendo un autobús (excepto en las fotos publicitarias), pero a veces se le muestra en la estación de autobuses. Ralph se siente frustrado por su falta de éxito y, a menudo, desarrolla planes para hacerse rico rápidamente . Es de muy mal genio, con frecuencia recurre a bramidos, insultos y amenazas huecas. Bien escondido debajo de las muchas capas de fanfarronería, sin embargo, hay un hombre de corazón bondadoso que ama a su esposa y es devoto de su mejor amigo, Ed Norton. A Ralph le gusta jugar a los bolos y al billar; él es competente en ambos, y es un miembro entusiasta de la Orden Leal de los Mapaches (aunque en varios episodios una pizarra en la logia enumera sus cuotas atrasadas). La madre de Ralph rara vez se menciona, aunque aparece en un episodio. El padre de Ralph solo se menciona en un episodio ("El joven con un cuerno") por haberle dado a Ralph una corneta que aprendió a tocar cuando era niño, y Ralph insiste en quedarse con la corneta cuando Alice sugiere que la deseche.
El personaje de Ralph recibió membresía honoraria en el sindicato de conductores de autobuses de la ciudad de Nueva York (Local 100 del Sindicato de Trabajadores del Transporte ) durante la ejecución del espectáculo, y una estación de autobuses de Brooklyn fue nombrada en honor a Gleason después de su muerte. [6] [7] Ralph Kramden fue la inspiración para el personaje animado Fred Flintstone . [8] En 1999 también se erigió una estatua de bronce de dos metros y medio de altura de un alegre Jackie Gleason con uniforme de conductor de autobús frente a la terminal de autobuses de la Autoridad Portuaria del centro de Manhattan. TV Land financió la estatua en cooperación con la propiedad de Gleason y la Autoridad Portuaria . [9]
Alice Kramden
Alice (de soltera Alice Gibson), interpretada en las primeras nueve obras de teatro desde 1951 hasta enero de 1952 [10] por Pert Kelton , y por Audrey Meadows en todos los episodios restantes, es la paciente pero mordaz esposa de Ralph durante 14 años. A menudo se encuentra soportando la peor parte de las rabietas y demandas de Ralph, a las que responde con un sarcasmo mordaz. Ella es sensata, en contraste con el patrón de Ralph de inventar varios esquemas para mejorar su riqueza o su orgullo. Ella ve la inviabilidad de sus planes, pero él se enoja e ignora su consejo (y al final del episodio, sus dudas casi siempre resultan correctas). Se ha acostumbrado a sus amenazas vacías, como "¡Uno de estos días, POW! ¡Justo en el beso! ", "¡BANG, ZOOM!" o "¡Vas a la Luna!", a lo que ella suele responder: "¡Ahhh, shaddap!" Alice estudió para ser secretaria antes de casarse y trabaja brevemente en esa capacidad cuando Ralph es despedido. Wilma Flintstone está basada en Alice Kramden. [8]
Otro contraste para Ralph es la madre de Alice, que tiene una lengua aún más afilada que su hija y desprecia a Ralph como un mal proveedor. El padre de Alice se menciona ocasionalmente, pero nunca se ve. La hermana de Alice, Agnes, aparece en el episodio 22, "Aquí viene la novia". (Ralph pone en peligro el matrimonio de su cuñada recién casada después de darle un mal consejo al novio, pero al final todo sale bien). Ralph y Alice vivieron con su madre durante seis años después de casarse antes de tener su propio apartamento. En un renacimiento de 1967, Ralph se refiere a Alice (interpretada por Sheila MacRae en 1966-1970 y una vez más en 1973) como una de 12 hijos, ya su padre como nunca trabajando.
Los recién casados aparecieron originalmente como un croquis en la Red DuMont 's Cabalgata de Estrellas , con el papel de Alice interpretado por Pert Kelton (1907-1968). Cuando expiró su contrato con DuMont, Gleason se mudó a la cadena CBS donde tenía The Jackie Gleason Show , y el papel de Alice fue para Audrey Meadows porque Kelton había sido incluido en la lista negra . Según el dramaturgo Arthur Miller , un amigo de la familia, que escribió muchos años más tarde en su autobiografía Timebends: A Life , extensas investigaciones finalmente revelaron que su inclusión en la lista negra se debió al hecho de que su esposo Ralph, muchos años antes, había marchado en un desfile del Primero de Mayo. . "Ralph, lo sabía, no tenía absolutamente ninguna conexión con la izquierda, sino que simplemente se había lanzado con una pandilla de actores que protestaban lo que fuera ese año, y Pert ni siquiera había votado en su vida".
El nombre de los personajes se menciona en la película de comedia estadounidense de 1998 sobre fumetas Half Baked en la letra de la canción del personaje de películas "Sir Smoka-Alot".
Edward Lillywhite "Ed" Norton
Interpretado por Art Carney ; un trabajador de alcantarillado municipal de la ciudad de Nueva York y el mejor amigo de Ralph (y vecino de arriba). Es considerablemente más bondadoso que Ralph, pero no obstante intercambia insultos con él de forma regular. Ed (normalmente llamado "Norton" por Ralph ya veces por su propia esposa, Trixie) a menudo se mezcla en los planes de Ralph. Su naturaleza despreocupada y bastante tonta generalmente provoca la ira de Ralph, mientras que Ralph a menudo lo insulta con insultos verbales y lo echa del apartamento cuando Ed lo irrita. En la mayoría de los episodios, se muestra que Ed es más leído, más querido, más mundano y más ecuánime que Ralph, a pesar de sus modales sin pretensiones y del hecho de que generalmente deja que Ralph tome la iniciativa en sus escapadas. Ed y Ralph son miembros del ficticio Raccoon Lodge. ("Una reunión de emergencia es una reunión de emergencia, nunca un juego de póquer. Una reunión ejecutiva, eso es un juego de póquer"). Según Entertainment Weekly , Norton es uno de los "mejores compinches". [11] Ed trabajaba para el departamento de alcantarillado de la ciudad de Nueva York y describió su trabajo como "Sub-supervisor en la subdivisión del departamento de saneamiento subterráneo, yo solo mantengo las cosas en marcha". Sirvió en la Marina de los EE. UU., Por lo tanto, un veterinario de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y usó el dinero de su GI Bill para pagar la escuela de mecanografía, pero sintió que no podía trabajar en una oficina porque odiaba trabajar en espacios reducidos. Las relativamente pocas escenas ambientadas en el apartamento de Norton mostraron que tenía el mismo diseño que el de los Kramdens, pero mejor amueblado. Aunque Norton gana el mismo salario semanal de $ 62 que Ralph (alrededor de $ 595 en dólares de 2019), su mayor nivel de vida podría explicarse por el uso más libre del crédito por parte de Norton; en un momento admite tener 19 cuentas de cargo. Al igual que Ralph, Ed disfruta y es bueno jugando a los bolos y al billar. Ed es la inspiración de Barney Rubble en Los Picapiedra . [8] También es la inspiración detrás de Yogi Bear (en términos de diseño, vestimenta y gestos).
En 1999, TV Guide lo ubicó en el puesto 20 en su lista de los "50 personajes televisivos más importantes de todos los tiempos". [12]
Thelma "Trixie" Norton
Interpretado más famoso por Joyce Randolph ; La esposa de Ed y la mejor amiga de Alice. Ella no apareció en todos los episodios y tenía un carácter menos desarrollado, aunque se muestra que es algo mandona con su marido. En un episodio, sorprendentemente se la representa como una estafadora de piscinas. En otro episodio, Ralph insulta a Trixie haciendo una referencia a Minsky (un famoso teatro burlesco de la ciudad de Nueva York ; el personaje original de Trixie era un ex bailarín burlesco). Hay algunas referencias al trasfondo burlesco de Trixie en los episodios perdidos (por ejemplo, Norton: "Todas las noches la encontraría entre bastidores y le entregaba una rosa ... ¡Era su disfraz!"). Randolph interpretó a Trixie como una ama de casa ordinaria, bastante mojigata, que se quejó con su esposo en una ocasión cuando un joven empleado de tienda "fresco" la llamó "pastel de cariño". En un especial de 1967, Trixie (interpretada por Jane Kean de 1966 a 1970 y de 1976 a 1978) negó con resentimiento las implicaciones de Ralph de que ella "trabajaba en burlesque", a lo que él respondió: "Si el zapato te queda, quítatelo". Trixie es la inspiración para Betty Rubble en Los Picapiedra .
Elaine Stritch fue la primera y original Trixie Norton en un boceto de Honeymooners con Jackie Gleason , Art Carney y Pert Kelton . El personaje de la ex bailarina fue reescrito y refundido después de solo un episodio con el Randolph de aspecto más saludable interpretando al personaje como ama de casa. [13]
Otros
Algunos de los actores que aparecieron varias veces en el programa incluyen a George O. Petrie y Frank Marth como varios personajes, Ethel Owen como la madre de Alice, Zamah Cunningham como la vecina del edificio de apartamentos, la Sra. Manicotti, y Cliff Hall como el presidente de Raccoon Lodge.
Ronnie Burns , hijo de George Burns y Gracie Allen, apareció como invitado en un episodio. En otro episodio, Ed Norton hace una referencia a un compañero de trabajo "Nat Birnbaum" (como en "'nat," una palabra de tres letras para error ", dice Norton, aficionado a los crucigramas). El verdadero nombre de George Burns era Nathan Birnbaum.
La casa de apartamentos
Los Kramden y Norton vivían en un edificio de apartamentos en 328 Chauncey Street en Bensonhurst, Brooklyn , Nueva York, un guiño al hecho de que Jackie Gleason vivía allí después de que su familia se mudó de su lugar de nacimiento en 364 Chauncey Street. [14] En el episodio de 1955 "El trabajo de una mujer nunca se termina", la dirección se conoce como 728 Chauncey Street. El propietario del edificio de apartamentos es el Sr. Johnson. En los episodios de Honeymooners grabados de 1967 a 1970, la dirección del edificio de apartamentos cambió a 358 Chauncey Street, y el número del apartamento de Kramden es 3B. El actual 328 Chauncey Street está ubicado en la sección Stuyvesant Heights del distrito, aproximadamente a ocho millas al noreste de la ubicación ficticia del programa.
Residentes de apartamentos
- Sr. y Sra. Manicotti: una pareja mayor de ascendencia italiana.
- Tommy Manicotti: Jugó stickball y contrajo sarampión. También dejó su pistola de agua en el apartamento de los Kramden.
- McGarrity: un vecino de arriba con quien Ralph se peleaba con frecuencia. Luchó con Ralph por molestar a los vecinos con la práctica para el programa de preguntas The $ 99,000 Answer . Pero mostrando algo de humor en otros episodios, acusó a Ralph de alquilar el esmoquin para la boda de su cuñada a un empresario de pompas fúnebres, y le encantó la broma de Ralph sobre "enviar a un caballero a un perro como este".
- McGarrity Boy: Jugó stickball y contrajo sarampión.
- Sra. Bennett: Necesitaba que le arreglaran el radiador cuando Ralph era el conserje.
- Johnny Bennett: Jugó stickball, ganó una manzana por un jonrón y contrajo el sarampión como los otros niños.
- Sra. Doyle: Madre de Tommy Doyle.
- Tommy Doyle: Fue arrestado por gastar un billete falso de $ 100 que Ralph le dio para llevar sus trajes a la tintorería.
- Sra. Stevens: Le dio a Alice una caja para horquillas que estaba hecha de cerillas para Navidad, que era exactamente el mismo regalo que Ralph estaba a punto de darle, pero él pagó en exceso por él y pensó que tenía un gran regalo en lugar de una baratija insignificante para Alice. . Alice le dio a la Sra. Stevens un termómetro de cocina.
- Sra. Olsen: Dijo que Ralph rompió sus persianas venecianas en lugar de repararlas cuando Ralph era temporalmente el conserje del edificio.
- Sra. Hannah: Necesitaba que le arreglaran la bañera cuando Ralph era el conserje.
- Sra. Fogerty: Acusó a Ralph de sacar comida de su hielera cuando Ralph era el conserje.
- Sra. Schwartz: El blabbermouth de la casa de apartamentos que informó que los Kramden habían establecido la factura de gas más baja de todos los tiempos para el edificio. También tenía curiosidad por saber si el teléfono de la casa podía conectarse a Jersey cuando Ralph era el conserje.
- Sr. Riley: Tenía un bote de basura lleno que necesitaba vaciarse cuando Ralph era el conserje.
- Judy Connors: una adolescente que no quería que su padre conociera a un chico llamado Wallace, su cita.
- Tommy Mullins: Un miembro del servicio de la Marina de los EE. UU . Que estaba en casa de vacaciones por Navidad.
- Carlos Sánchez: Un bailarín de mambo que trabaja de noche.
- Sr. y Sra. August Gunther: Antiguos residentes del edificio. August tuvo un gran éxito con su negocio de donas.
- Sr. Johnson: El propietario del edificio.
Gráfico
La mayoría de The Honeymooners tiene lugar en el pequeño apartamento de dos habitaciones escasamente amueblado de Ralph y Alice Kramden. Otros escenarios utilizados en el espectáculo incluyeron la estación de Gotham Bus Company, el Raccoon Lodge, un salón de piscinas del vecindario, un banco del parque donde Ralph y Ed se encuentran ocasionalmente para almorzar y, en ocasiones, el apartamento de los Norton (siempre notablemente mejor amueblado que los Kramdens). '). Muchos episodios comienzan con una toma de Alice en el apartamento esperando la llegada de Ralph del trabajo. La mayoría de los episodios se centran en los personajes de Ralph y Ed, aunque Alice jugó un papel importante. Trixie jugó un papel más pequeño en la serie y no apareció en todos los episodios como lo hicieron los otros tres. Cada episodio presentaba una historia independiente, que rara vez se trasladaba a una posterior. El programa empleó una serie de clichés y tramas estándar de comedias de situación , en particular los de celos , esquemas para hacerse rico rápidamente y malentendidos cómicos.
En cuanto a las continuaciones ocasionales de la trama, hubo dos secuencias de este tipo: una en la que Ralph fue enviado a un psiquiatra debido a un comportamiento "impaciente" durante el trabajo que resultó en que varios pasajeros presentaran quejas sobre su comportamiento profesional, y otra que continuó durante dos espectáculos secuenciales en que visitó la tía Ethel y Ralph tramó un plan para casarla con el carnicero del vecindario.
La serie presenta a Ralph como un hombre común y un desvalido que lucha por tener una vida mejor para él y su esposa, pero que finalmente fracasa debido a sus propias deficiencias. Él, a menudo junto con Ed, diseña una serie de planes para hacerse rico rápidamente, ninguno de los cuales tiene éxito. Ralph se apresuraría a culpar a los demás de su desgracia hasta que le indicaran dónde se había quedado corto. La ira de Ralph entonces sería reemplazada por un remordimiento de corta duración, y se disculparía por sus acciones. Muchas de estas disculpas a Alice terminaron con Ralph diciendo de manera sincera: "Cariño, eres el mejor", seguido de un abrazo y un beso. [15] [16] [17]
En la mayoría de los episodios, el mal genio de Ralph se apoderó de él, lo que lo llevó a gritar a los demás y amenazar con violencia física cómica, generalmente contra Alice. Las amenazas favoritas de Ralph hacia ella eran "Uno de estos días ... Uno de estos días ... ¡Pow! ¡Justo en el beso!" o golpearla "¡a la Luna, Alice!" (A veces, esta última amenaza se abreviaba simplemente: como "¡Bang, zoom!") En otras ocasiones, Ralph simplemente le decía a Alice: "Oh, vas a conseguir la tuya". Todo esto generó críticas, más de 40 años después, de que el programa mostraba una aceptación irónica de la violencia doméstica . [18] [19] Pero Ralph nunca llevó a cabo sus amenazas, y otros han señalado que Alice sabía que él nunca lo haría debido a su profundo amor mutuo. [16] [17] En represalia, los objetivos del abuso verbal de Ralph a menudo respondían simplemente bromeando sobre su peso, un tema común en toda la serie. [16] [17] Por cierto, nunca se vio a Alice retroceder durante ninguna de las diatribas de Ralph.
Para los episodios de "Classic 39" de The Honeymooners , no hubo un arco argumental continuo. Cada episodio es autónomo. Por ejemplo, en el episodio de estreno de la serie "TV Or Not TV", Ralph y Norton compran un televisor con la intención de compartirlo. Para el programa de la semana siguiente, el conjunto se ha ido, aunque en episodios posteriores se muestra un conjunto en el apartamento de los Norton. En la entrega "The Baby Sitter", los Kramden obtienen un teléfono, pero en el próximo episodio ya no está. Y, en el episodio, "La vida de un perro", Alice obtiene un perro de la perrera que Ralph intenta devolver. Pero, al final, Ralph empieza a querer al perro y decide quedárselo junto con algunos otros perros. Sin embargo, en el siguiente episodio, los perros no se ven por ningún lado y nunca más se hace referencia a ellos.
De vez en cuando, se hicieron referencias a episodios anteriores, incluso a varios "esquemas locos y descabellados" de los episodios perdidos de Ralph. El sonambulismo de Norton en "El sonámbulo" fue mencionado en "Oh, mi dolor de espalda". Pero no fue hasta que el "Viaje a Europa" de 1967 muestra que finalmente se utiliza un arco de la historia de Honeymooners .
Historia
Orígenes
En julio de 1950, Jackie Gleason asumió el cargo de presentadora de Cavalcade of Stars , un programa de variedades que se emitió en la atribulada DuMont Television Network . Después del primer año, él y sus escritores Harry Crane y Joe Bigelow [20] [21] desarrollaron un boceto que se basó en situaciones domésticas familiares para su material. Basado en el popular programa de radio The Bickersons , Gleason quería una descripción realista de la vida de un esposo y una esposa pobres que vivían en Brooklyn , su ciudad natal. La pareja discutía continuamente, pero finalmente mostraba su amor el uno por el otro. Después de rechazar títulos como "La Bestia", "Los amantes" y "La pareja de al lado", Gleason y su equipo se decidieron por "Los recién casados". Gleason asumió el papel de Ralph Kramden, un conductor de autobús tempestuoso, y eligió a la veterana actriz de comedia Pert Kelton para el papel de Alice Kramden, la mordaz y sufrida esposa de Ralph . [15]
"The Honeymooners" hizo su debut el 5 de octubre de 1951, como un sketch de seis minutos. [22] El miembro del elenco de Ensemble, Art Carney, hizo una breve aparición como un oficial de policía que fue golpeado con harina que Ralph había arrojado por la ventana. El tono de estos primeros bocetos fue mucho más oscuro que el de la serie posterior, con Ralph mostrando extrema amargura y frustración por su matrimonio con una mujer de mediana edad igualmente amargada y discutidora (Kelton era nueve años mayor que Gleason). Las luchas financieras de los Kramden reflejaron las de los primeros años de la vida de Gleason en Brooklyn, y se tomó grandes molestias para duplicar en el set el interior del apartamento donde creció (hasta la dirección de su niñez en 328 Chauncey Street). [22] Los Kramdens, y más tarde los Norton cuando se agregaron esos personajes, no tienen hijos, un tema que solo se explora ocasionalmente, pero una condición en la que insistió Gleason. Ralph y Alice adoptaron legalmente a una niña a la que llamaron Ralphina (porque en realidad quería un niño al que pudiera poner su nombre, pero se enamoró de la niña que la agencia les había asignado). Sin embargo, la madre biológica solicitó la devolución de su bebé y la agencia preguntó si los Kramden estarían dispuestos a hacerlo a pesar de que eran los padres legales. Ralph estuvo de acuerdo y dijo que la visitarían y que ella tendría un Papá Noel en la vida real cada Navidad. Unas pocas parodias posteriores hicieron que Ralph creyera erróneamente por un tiempo que Alice estaba embarazada.
Las primeras adiciones al reparto en bocetos posteriores fueron los vecinos de arriba Ed y Trixie Norton. Ed (Carney) era un trabajador de alcantarillado y el mejor amigo de Ralph, aunque su naturaleza inocente y sin malicia fue la fuente de muchas discusiones entre los dos. Trixie (nunca se menciona el apellido de soltera), la esposa de Ed, originalmente interpretada por Elaine Stritch como una bailarina de burlesque, pero fue reemplazada después de una sola aparición por la más sana Joyce Randolph . Trixie es un contraste para Ed, al igual que Alice lo es para Ralph, pero de forma derivada y casi siempre fuera de la pantalla. [16] [22]
Debido en parte a la colorida variedad de personajes que inventó Gleason (incluido el elenco de The Honeymooners ), Cavalcade of Stars se convirtió en un gran éxito para DuMont. Aumentó su participación en la audiencia del nueve al 25 por ciento. El contrato de Gleason con DuMont expiró en el verano de 1952, y la red con dificultades financieras (que sufrió diez despidos desde julio hasta octubre de 1953) no pudo volver a firmarlo, por lo que se mudó a CBS.
Mover a CBS
El presidente de CBS , William S. Paley, en julio de 1952, se aseguró de que el elenco del antiguo conjunto de DuMont que se estaba convirtiendo en The Jackie Gleason Show se embarcara en una exitosa gira promocional de cinco semanas por los Estados Unidos, interpretando una variedad de números musicales y bocetos (incluyendo los populares "Luna de miel"). Sin embargo, la actriz Pert Kelton, que interpretó a Alice Kramden y otros papeles, fue incluida en la lista negra en ese momento y fue reemplazada en la gira por la actriz de Beulah Ginger Jones, quien posteriormente también fue incluida en la lista negra (habiendo sido nombrada anteriormente en la lista negra de Red Channels ) por CBS. Toda esta maniobra política significaba que se necesitaba otra nueva Alice. [16] [17]
Jones's replacement was Audrey Meadows, known for her work in the 1951 Broadway musical Top Banana and on the Bob and Ray television show. However, before being cast for CBS, Meadows had to overcome Gleason's reservations about her being too attractive to make a credible Alice. To accomplish this, she hired a photographer to come to her apartment early in the morning and take pictures of her wearing no make-up, clad in a torn housecoat, and with her hair undone.[17][23] When the pictures were delivered to Gleason, he looked at them and said, "That's our Alice." When it was explained who it was, Gleason reportedly said, "Any dame who has a sense of humor like that deserves the job."[17] With the addition of Meadows the now-iconic "Honeymooners" lineup of Gleason, Carney, Meadows, and Randolph was in place.
The rising popularity of The Honeymooners was reflected in its increasing prominence of the sketches as part of The Jackie Gleason Show variety lineup. During the first season, it appeared on a regular basis (although not weekly) as a series of short sketches ranging in length from seven to thirteen minutes. For the 1953–54 season, the shorter sketches were outnumbered by ones that ran for a half-hour or longer. Playing off its growing popularity, during the 1954–55 season most episodes of The Jackie Gleason Show consisted entirely of The Honeymooners. Fan response became overwhelming. Meadows received hundreds of curtains and aprons in the mail from fans who wanted to help Alice lead a fancier life. By January 1955, The Jackie Gleason Show was competing with—and sometimes beating—I Love Lucy as the most-watched TV show in the United States. Audience members lined up around the block hours in advance to attend the show.[15]
The "Classic 39" episodes
The "Classic 39" episodes of The Honeymooners are the ones that originally aired as a weekly half-hour sitcom on CBS from October 1955 to September 1956.
Before Gleason's initial three-year contract with CBS expired, he was offered a much larger one by CBS and General Motors' Buick division (the carmaker having dropped their sponsorship of Milton Berle's Buick-Berle Show after two seasons on NBC). The three-year contract, reportedly valued at $11 million, was at the time one of the largest in show business history. It called for Gleason to produce 78 filmed episodes of The Honeymooners over two seasons, with an option for a third season of 39 more. He was scheduled to receive $65,000 for each episode ($70,000 per episode in the second season), but had to pay all production costs out of that amount. Art Carney received $3,500 per week, Audrey Meadows $2,000, and Joyce Randolph (who did not appear in every episode) $500 per week. Production for The Honeymooners was handled by Jackie Gleason Enterprises Inc., which also produced the show's lead-in, Stage Show, which starred The Dorsey Brothers.[15][22] Reportedly, only Audrey Meadows, who later became a banker, received residuals when the "Classic 39" episodes were rebroadcast in syndicated reruns. Her brother Edward, a lawyer, had inserted language to that effect into her contract.[24] However, Joyce Randolph, who played Trixie Norton, did receive royalty payments when the "lost" Honeymooners episodes from the variety shows were released.[25]
The first episode of the new half-hour series aired on Saturday, October 1, 1955, at 8.30 pm Eastern Time (during prime time), opposite Ozark Jubilee on ABC and The Perry Como Show on NBC. Because it was sponsored by Buick, the opening credits originally ended with a sponsor identification by announcer Jack Lescoulie ("Brought to you by ... your Buick dealer. And, away we go!"), and the show concluded with a brief Gleason sales pitch for the company, all common practices at the time. However, all references to the carmaker were removed when the show entered syndication in 1957,[23] although "And, away we go!" was a phrase Gleason frequently used in various shows and is inscribed at his gravesite as his memorial catchphrase.
The initial critical reaction to the half-hour sitcom Honeymooners was mixed. The New York Times and Broadcasting & Telecasting Magazine wrote that it was "labored" and lacked the spontaneity of the live sketches. But TV Guide praised it as "rollicking," "slapsticky" and "fast-paced."[15] In February 1956, the show was moved to the 8 p.m. (EST) timeslot, but already had begun losing viewers to the hugely popular Perry Como Show.[2][3] Gleason's writers also had begun to feel confined by the restrictive half-hour format—in previous seasons, Honeymooners sketches typically ran 35 minutes or more—and Gleason felt they were beginning to run out of original ideas. So, after just one season, Gleason and CBS agreed to cancel The Honeymooners, which aired its 39th and last original episode on September 22, 1956. In explaining his decision to end the show with $7 million remaining on his contract Gleason said, "The excellence of the material could not be maintained, and I had too much fondness for the show to cheapen it.”[15] Gleason subsequently sold the films of the "Classic 39" episodes of the show to CBS for $1.5 million.[22]
Producción
In 1955, many television shows (including The Jackie Gleason Show) were performed live and recorded using kinescope technology, though sitcoms already largely were recorded on film, e.g., Amos 'n' Andy, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, My Little Margie, and I Married Joan. I Love Lucy, which was recorded directly onto 35mm film, had influenced television production companies to produce directly on film. For The Honeymooners, Gleason utilized the Electronicam TV-film system, developed by DuMont in the early 1950s, which allowed for a live performance to be directly captured on film. As a result of the superior picture and sound quality afforded by the system, episodes of The Honeymooners were much more suitable for rebroadcast than were most other "live" shows of the era.[22][dead link][16]
All 39 episodes of The Honeymooners were filmed at the DuMont Television Network's Adelphi Theatre at 152 West 54th Street in Manhattan, in front of an audience of 1,000. Episodes were never fully rehearsed because Gleason felt rehearsals would rob the show of its spontaneity. A result was that, while the cast was able to bring a fresh approach to the material, mistakes often were made. Lines either were recited incorrectly or altogether forgotten, and actors did not always follow the scripted action directions. To compensate, the cast developed visual cues for each other. For example, Gleason patted his stomach when he forgot a line, while Meadows would glance at the icebox when someone else was supposed to retrieve something from it.[23][26]
In contrast to other popular comedies of the era (such as Father Knows Best, Leave It to Beaver, and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet), which depicted their characters in comfortable, middle class suburban environments, Richard Rychtarik's set design for The Honeymooners reflected the blue collar existence of its characters. The Kramdens lived in a small, painfully sparsely furnished two-room apartment (the main set) in a tenement building at least four stories high (the Kramdens were on the third floor and the Nortons' were one floor above them), badly aired and with insufficient lighting. They used the single main room as the kitchen, dining and living room. It consisted of a functional table and chairs, a plain chest of drawers, a curtainless window with a view of a fire escape, a noisy sink, and an outdated icebox. The Kramdens' bedroom never was seen, although in the episode about Ed Norton's sleepwalking the Nortons' bedroom is.[16][17][22] One of the few other sitcoms about a blue-collar family was The Life of Riley, whose first season (1949–50) had featured Jackie Gleason in the lead role, although veteran movie actor William Bendix, who had originated the role of Chester A. Riley on the radio show, thereafter took over the role on television.
The instrumental theme song for The Honeymooners, called "You're My Greatest Love," was composed by Gleason and performed by an orchestra led by Ray Bloch—who previously had been the orchestra leader on Gleason's variety show, as well as The Ed Sullivan Show. Although lyrics were composed, they were never sung. Sammy Spear, who later became Gleason's musical director, provided the arrangement.[27] The music heard in the episodes was not performed during the show, so to enhance the feeling of a live performance for the studio audience an orchestra performed before filming and during breaks.[15] The show's original announcer was Jack Lescoulie, who also was a spokesman for the sponsor, Buick. For the non-sponsored syndicated version, the introduction was voiced by CBS staff announcer Gaylord Avery.
Avivamientos
On September 29, 1956, one week after The Honeymooners ended, The Jackie Gleason Show returned. The "Honeymooners" sketches soon were brought back as part of the revived variety show. In 1959, TV Guide magazine mentioned Gleason's interest in producing new Honeymooners shows. This did not happen for several years, but he did team up with Art Carney to revive an old Honeymooners scene for an October 1960 CBS special called The Big Sell, poking fun at US salespeople.
After the spectacular failure of Gleason's 1961 game show You're in the Picture, and the relative success of the eight-episode talk show that Gleason used to fill its time slot, Gleason's variety show returned in 1962 under the title Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine. The "Honeymooners" sketches returned as part of that show whenever Carney was available. However, Audrey Meadows and Joyce Randolph were replaced as Alice and Trixie by Sue Ane Langdon and Patricia Wilson, respectively, for two sketches.[16][22]
In January 1966, Meadows again returned as Alice for a musical special, The Honeymooners: The Adoption, a re-enactment of a 1955 sketch of the same name. When The Jackie Gleason Show, by then based in Gleason's home town, Miami Beach, Florida, returned in 1966, the "Honeymooners" sketches, in color for the first time, incredibly returned as a series of elaborate musicals that, in effect, were the equivalent of a new Broadway musical each time. The sketches, which covered 10 of the first season's thirty-two shows, followed a story arc that had the Kramdens and Nortons traveling across Europe after Ralph won a contest (an updated version of a 1957 story arc, with musical numbers added). "The Color Honeymooners," as it has since become known, featured Sheila MacRae and Jane Kean in, respectively, the roles of Alice and Trixie, because Audrey Meadows and Joyce Randolph declined to relocate to Miami. Gleason raised no objections to that recasting but was adamant that the Ed Norton role never be played by anyone other than Art Carney. One notable 1967 segment featured the return of Pert Kelton (in one of her last performances before her death in 1968 of heart disease at the age of 61), but this time she played Alice's mother, Mrs. Gibson.[16][22]
The Honeymooners ended again when CBS announced the cancellation of The Jackie Gleason Show on February 16, 1970, the result of a disagreement in direction between Gleason and the network. Gleason wanted to continue interspersing "The Honeymooners" within the confines of his regular variety show, while CBS wanted a full-hour "Honeymooners" every week. (CBS's ongoing effort to move its product toward younger audiences and away from established variety show stars was another potential factor in the show's demise.) On October 11, 1973, Gleason, Carney, MacRae and Kean reunited for a "Honeymooners" skit called "Women's Lib" as part of a Gleason special on CBS. In a major move as far as affiliations go, the Kramdens and Nortons were brought back for four final one-hour specials on ABC, which aired from 1976–1978. Alongside Gleason and Carney, Audrey Meadows returned as Alice. Meanwhile, Jane Kean continued to play Trixie. (Joyce Randolph, the actress most identified as Trixie, never played the part again after the 1950s.) These four specials came at a time when Gleason and Carney each achieved new-found expanded fame, with Gleason's prominent role in the box office smash Smokey and the Bandit and Carney winning an Academy Award for his leading role in Harry and Tonto, which actually brought some more attention to these series of specials. These were the final original "Honeymooners" productions.[16]
Premios
Art Carney won five Emmy Awards for his portrayal of Ed Norton—two for the original Jackie Gleason Show, one for The Honeymooners, and two for the final version of The Jackie Gleason Show. He was nominated for another two (in 1957 and 1966) but lost. Gleason and Meadows both were nominated in 1956 for their work on The Honeymooners. Gleason was nominated for Best Actor–Continuing Performance, but lost to Phil Silvers, while Meadows was nominated for Best Actress-Supporting Role but lost to Nanette Fabray. Meadows also was nominated for Emmys for her portrayal of Alice Kramden in 1954 and 1957.[28][29]
The following table summarizes award wins by cast members, both for The Honeymooners and The Jackie Gleason Show.
Actor | Awards won | Show |
---|---|---|
Art Carney | Emmy, Best Series Supporting Actor (1954) | The Jackie Gleason Show |
Emmy, Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series (1955) | The Jackie Gleason Show | |
Emmy, Best Actor in a Supporting Role (1956) | The Honeymooners | |
Emmy, Special Classifications of Individual Achievement (1967) | The Jackie Gleason Show | |
Emmy, Special Classification of Individual Achievements (1968) | The Jackie Gleason Show | |
Audrey Meadows | Emmy, Best Supporting Actress in a Regular Series (1955) | The Jackie Gleason Show |
Historial de retransmisiones
Day and time | Preceded by |
---|---|
Saturdays at 8:30 pm (October 1, 1955 – February 18, 1956) Saturdays at 8:00 pm (February 25 – September 22, 1956) | The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show at 8:00 pm (January 7 – February 18, 1956) Stage Show at 7:30 pm (April 14 – June 2, 1956/September 22, 1956) Two for the Money at 7:30 pm (September 8–15, 1956) |
Episodios ("Classic 39")
No. | Title | Written by | Original air date | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | "TV or Not TV" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | October 1, 1955 | |
Too cheap to pay the full price, Ralph cons Norton into paying for half a TV set; Ralph fights with Norton over a TV that they share but is in Ralph's apartment. This episode has Ralph doing a double-take when Norton watches Captain Video and His Video Rangers. In 1997, TV Guide ranked this episode #26 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[30] | ||||
2 | "Funny Money" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | October 8, 1955 | |
Ralph finds a suitcase full of money and goes on a spending spree. However, it is revealed that the money is phony, and Ralph is forced to fear for his life, and also having to return everything he got with said money. | ||||
3 | "The Golfer" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | October 15, 1955 | |
Ralph needs to bone up on becoming a good golfer to impress his boss. This episode is punctuated by a hilarious impromptu golfing lesson in the Kramden apartment, including the classic moment when Norton "addresses the ball." NOTE: "Addressing the ball" is the term used for placing the club behind the ball in preparation for striking it, in particular with the ball on a tee prior to the first stroke of any hole. In 1996, TV Guide included this episode as part of its '100 Most Memorable Moments in TV History', ranking it #56. | ||||
4 | "A Woman's Work Is Never Done" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | October 22, 1955 | |
Ralph and Alice hire a maid to ease Alice's burden of housework. As Alice sternly tells Ralph, "Man works from sun to sun, but woman's work is never done!" | ||||
5 | "A Matter of Life and Death" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | October 29, 1955 | |
When he sees the vet's report on his mother-in-law's sick dog, Ralph mistakenly concludes that he has only six months to live. | ||||
6 | "The Sleepwalker" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | November 5, 1955 | |
Ralph is forced to deal with a sleepwalking Norton. | ||||
7 | "Better Living Through TV" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | November 12, 1955 | |
Ralph devises a get-rich-quick scheme – selling Handy Housewife Helpers on TV. Features a rare gone-wrong moment when one of the gadgets flies off the handle, forcing Gleason to retrieve it and then ad-lib his way back into the scene. It classically devolves into another one of Ralph's schemes failing royally. In 2009, TV Guide ranked this episode #7 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[31] | ||||
8 | "Pal o' Mine" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | November 19, 1955 | |
Ralph finds a gift from Norton that he thinks is for him, but when he discovers otherwise, his friendship with Norton is jeopardized. This changes when he finds out Norton was injured in an explosion in the sewer. | ||||
9 | "Brother Ralph" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | November 26, 1955 | |
Alice is forced to find a job after Ralph is temporarily laid off due to too many buses on Madison Avenue, his route. But to get the job, Alice has to claim that Ralph is her brother, because a lot of employers do not like to hire married women due to their commitments to home and family. Ralph gets jealous when he realizes that Alice's boss is interested in her. | ||||
10 | "Hello, Mom" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | December 3, 1955 | |
Ralph's foul mood is worsened when he finds out that Alice's mother is coming for a visit. The last time she stayed according to him "was Christmas and New Year's, except she came New Year's and stayed 'til Christmas." Later it is revealed in the end that it is his mother coming for a visit. It is revealed that Alice's mother was commenting on Ralph's weight even at their wedding. She said: "I'm not losing a daughter, I'm gaining a ton!" | ||||
11 | "The Deciding Vote" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | December 10, 1955 | |
Ralph blames Norton when he loses an election for Raccoon Lodge convention manager by one vote, only to find out Norton did vote for him and it was another member who changed his vote because of a defective appliance Ralph convinced him to buy. This episode includes a conspicuous flub in that the lodge member who Ralph told about his vacuum cleaner was introduced to Alice as Joe Muncey, but later spoken of as Joe Rumsey. | ||||
12 | "Something Fishy" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | December 17, 1955 | |
Ralph and Norton want to go fishing with their fellow lodge members, but without their wives, who, meanwhile, will not stand for such treatment. | ||||
13 | "'Twas the Night Before Christmas" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | December 24, 1955 | |
Ralph sells his bowling ball to get Alice a last-minute Christmas gift. After the end of this show, Jackie Gleason and the cast wish the audience a Merry Christmas. It is the only time in the series the fourth wall is broken. | ||||
14 | "The Man from Space" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | December 31, 1955 | |
Ralph wants to attend a costume party as Henry VIII, but is forced to improvise when he cannot get the money to rent the costume. Norton wins the contest when he arrives at the party at the last minute from work in his work gear. Several scenes from this episode are prominently shown in the movie Back to the Future. There is an anachronism, as this episode originally aired on December 31, 1955 and the time frame it was shown in Back to the Future was November 5, 1955. Episode #6 The Sleepwalker would have been on television while the Baines family was eating supper. | ||||
15 | "A Matter of Record" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | January 7, 1956 | |
The classic "blabbermouth" episode in which Ralph throws out his mother-in-law after she gives away the ending of a new Broadway murder mystery Ralph was about to see. Alice soon follows, leaving Ralph alone in the apartment. In a last-ditch effort to win Alice back, Ralph records a message on record to apologize to Alice and her mother. | ||||
16 | "Oh, My Aching Back" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | January 14, 1956 | |
Ralph feigns illness to avoid visiting his mother-in-law. Then the pain gets real: he injures his back at bowling. | ||||
17 | "The Baby Sitter" "Bensonhurst 0–7741" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | January 21, 1956 | |
Ralph is furious when Alice has had a telephone installed. Confusion ensues when she secretly starts babysitting to pay for it. In the end, everything gets sorted out – but the telephone does not appear in any of the subsequent episodes. | ||||
18 | "The $99,000 Answer" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | January 28, 1956 | |
Ralph is a contestant on The $99,000 Answer (a spoof of The $64,000 Question) and is determined to go all the way in spite of Alice's concerns. This episode features a running gag of Norton's when he practices the opening bars to Swanee River to warm up. Unfortunately, Ralph flubs the first question, which asks for the composer of that song. In 1997, TV Guide ranked this episode #6 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[32] | ||||
19 | "Ralph Kramden, Inc." | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | February 4, 1956 | |
When Ralph is $20.00 short on his day's receipts on the bus, he convinces Norton to give him that amount by saying that it is an investment in the imaginary Kramden Corporation. When they learn that Ralph is mentioned in the will of a long-time passenger, they go the reading of the will, expecting to inherit the old lady's fortune. | ||||
20 | "Young at Heart" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | February 11, 1956 | |
Ralph tries to prove to Alice that he can still do all the things he used to do when they were younger. The song that Ralph learns to dance to is the Hucklebuck which was written by Roy Albert and Andy Gibson and sung by Kay Starr. Ronnie Burns makes an appearance in this episode as Wallace. | ||||
21 | "A Dog's Life" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | February 18, 1956 | |
Ralph thinks he has found a great idea for a new food product, not realizing it is actually dog food for the puppy Alice bought behind his back. | ||||
22 | "Here Comes the Bride" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | February 25, 1956 | |
Ralph nearly ruins the imminent marriage between a fellow Raccoon Lodge member and Alice's sister, Agnes, after he provides some advice to the groom. This episode contains a veiled reference to Willie Mays, who was, by then reaching the peak of his baseball career. Ralph says that, out of habit, Alice's sister caught the bouquet herself. Alice says it was because her foot slipped, to which Ralph responds, "I wish my foot could slip like that, I'd be playing center field for the New York Giants." | ||||
23 | "Mama Loves to Mambo" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | March 3, 1956 | |
Ralph and Norton are annoyed with a new neighbor, a mambo dance instructor (Charles Korvin) who is unwittingly winning their wives' hearts ... and their cooking time. | ||||
24 | "Please Leave the Premises" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | March 10, 1956 | |
The Kramdens and the Nortons are at war with the landlord over a rent increase of $5 per month, though the only one who really wants to fight is Ralph. | ||||
25 | "Pardon My Glove" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | March 17, 1956 | |
Alice tries to surprise Ralph for his birthday, but her plans are ruined because of his jealousy. | ||||
26 | "Young Man with a Horn" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | March 24, 1956 | |
In the hopes of securing a civil service job, Ralph tries to improve himself by writing down his good points and bad points, and working on eliminating the bad points. The song that Ralph tries to hit the high note on is "Carnival of Venice". | ||||
27 | "Head of the House" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | March 31, 1956 | |
After boasting that he is the boss of his household, Ralph accepts a bet that he can order Alice to cook a special dinner. | ||||
28 | "The Worry Wart" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | April 7, 1956 | |
Ralph frets after being summoned to his local IRS office to clear up a mysterious tax problem. | ||||
29 | "Trapped" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | April 14, 1956 | |
Ralph witnesses an armed robbery and murder. He arrives home a nervous wreck. And for good reason: the killers are after him. | ||||
30 | "The Loudspeaker" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | April 21, 1956 | |
Thinking he is about to be named Raccoon of the Year, Ralph prepares an acceptance speech. In the end, Alice finds out from the Grand High Exalted Mystic Ruler that the honor is going to Norton. | ||||
31 | "On Stage" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | April 28, 1956 | |
When Ralph is asked to take the lead in a play, he lets it go to his head. | ||||
32 | "Opportunity Knocks But" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | May 5, 1956 | |
Ralph gets a chance to impress his boss and earn a promotion, but Norton gets the job instead. | ||||
33 | "Unconventional Behavior" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | May 12, 1956 | |
Ralph and Norton are sure to be a riot at the annual Raccoon convention...if they ever manage to get out of Norton's "trick" handcuffs. In the meantime Norton saves up spending money ($50 in 1955 = $480 in 2020) for the trip, unlike Ralph. So Ralph, in order to get spending money for the trip from Alice, decides to take her along, to Norton's chagrin – since it means Trixie will force him take her along as well. He finds out too late that Alice had decided to give him the money anyway. When Norton asks him how he gets them into these fixes, Ralph replies that he has a "BIG MOUTH!" | ||||
34 | "The Safety Award" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | May 19, 1956 | |
Ralph wins an award as the safest bus driver in the city, but a series of mishaps, disagreements, and even an accident on the way to the award ceremony haunt his every step. | ||||
35 | "Mind Your Own Business" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | May 26, 1956 | |
When Norton loses his job in the sewer after listening to advice from Ralph on how to obtain a promotion, he starts selling steam irons door-to-door. Ralph, convinced of Norton's success, wants to do the same. | ||||
36 | "Alice and the Blonde" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | June 2, 1956 | |
Alice and Trixie feel unappreciated after being ignored by Ralph and Ed. A rare flub in the dialog consists of Alice asking who Bert Wedermeyer is after Ralph mentions Bert Wedermauer. | ||||
37 | "The Bensonhurst Bomber" | Marvin Marx and Walter Stone | September 8, 1956 | |
Ralph (with Norton's help) inadvertently challenges a tough guy to a boxing match. After scheming with Norton to make the tough guy think that Ralph really can clobber him, a classic trick ending ensues. | ||||
38 | "Dial J for Janitor" | A.J. Russell and Herbert Finn | September 15, 1956 | |
Ralph decides to save some money and avoid a feud with the landlord by becoming the new building janitor, but quickly finds out there is more to the job than he thought. | ||||
39 | "A Man's Pride" | Leonard Stern and Sydney Zelinka | September 22, 1956 | |
When Ralph runs into one of Alice's old boyfriends, he pretends that he runs the Gotham Bus Company to impress him. Another scheme collapses when the Kramdens and the Davises go to dinner in a fancy restaurant. |
Comunicados de sindicación y medios domésticos
The Honeymooners gained its greatest fame in syndication, where it has aired continually since its original cancellation. WPIX in New York City has aired the series for more than five decades (after initially running in 1957–1958 on WRCA-TV, which now is WNBC),[33] with occasional brief breaks. It regularly airs on WPIX with a marathon that begins on the final hour of New Year's Eve and runs well into New Year's Day.[22] In the United Kingdom it originally aired on ITV between 1958–1963. BBC Two aired 38 of the original 39 episodes beginning in 1989 and ending in 1991.[16] The show also has aired in Australia, Iran, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Ireland, and Suriname.[15] It previously was seen on WGN America from June 2008 to September 2009 and on Me-TV from December 2010 to September 2011. In April 2012, the show returned to Me-TV. The show currently airs on the network on Sunday nights.[34]
In 1984, the Museum of Television and Radio announced the "discovery" of four original Honeymooners sketches from the original series The Jackie Gleason Show. Later, when they held a public viewing for three of them the response was overwhelmingly positive. In January 1985, Gleason announced the release of an additional group of "lost" episodes from his private vault. As with the previously released sketches, these "lost episodes" actually were kinescopes of sketches from the 1952–55, 1956–57 run of The Jackie Gleason Show.[1] Because the prints had not been stored under ideal conditions, parts of the soundtracks of three episodes were unusable, and the voices had to be redubbed. Gleason personally approved the soundalike actors, with noted voice actor Joe Alaskey providing Kramden's lines.
Gleason sold the broadcast rights to the so-called "lost" episodes to Viacom, and they first were aired from 1985–1986 as a series of sixty-eight 22-minute episodes on the Showtime cable network. They since have joined the original 39 episodes in syndication, and also have been released on VHS and DVD.[1] In September 2004, another "lost" episode reportedly was discovered at the Peabody Award archives in Georgia. This episode, titled "Love Letter," originally aired on The Jackie Gleason Show on October 16, 1954.[35] It aired for the first time since then on October 16, 2004, its 50th anniversary, on TVLand. CBS Media Ventures (the modern-day successor to Viacom), via CBS Broadcasting, owns the "Classic 39" series outright, while the Gleason estate owns the "lost episodes" (although CMV does distribute them).
Paramount Home Entertainment/CBS DVD released the six-disc DVD box set The Honeymooners "Classic 39" Episodes in November 2003 (only available in Region 1). The set contains all 39 episodes from the series' original 1955–56 broadcast run. Also included in the set is an edited version of a 1990 anniversary special hosted by Audrey Meadows, as well as original show openings and closings sponsored by Buick that were removed when the show went into syndication.
MPI Home Video released 80 of the "lost episodes" in Region 1 DVD format during 2001–02, spread out on 24 single-disc volumes. MPI subsequently re-packaged the 24 volumes into six 4-disc box sets. Both the 24 individual volumes and the six 4-disc box sets went out of print during the course of 2008. However, MPI has since renewed its deal with Jackie Gleason Enterprises LLC and has continued to release new editions of the "lost episodes" and other Honeymooners material not currently owned by CBS. On July 28, 2011, MPI Home Video announced the release of a completely restored set of all existing Honeymooners Lost Episodes from 1951 to 1957. The 50-hour, 15 DVD set would contain 107 Honeymooners sketches, included the home video debut of the nine existing original DuMont Network sketches, six other sketches never before released on home video and the eight musical Honeymooners episodes from 1957, which are collectively known as the "Trip To Europe" shows that have been long sought after by Honeymooners fans. The new restored set of Lost Episodes was released on October 4, 2011, sixty years after the first Honeymooners sketch aired.
DVD name | Episode No. | Release date |
---|---|---|
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 1 | 13 | October 30, 2001 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 2 | 13 | October 30, 2001 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 3 | 15 | January 29, 2002 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 4 | 15 | March 26, 2002 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 5 | 12 | June 25, 2002 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes Collection 6 | 12 | August 27, 2002 |
The Honeymooners – Lost Episodes: The Complete Restored Series | 107 | October 4, 2011 |
In June 2006, MPI Home Video released The Color Honeymooners – Collection 1 (NTSC and PAL), which collects the "Trip to Europe" story arc presented on The Jackie Gleason Show in 1966. It has since released an additional three volumes featuring additional episodes from this story arc. AmericanLife TV Network has also aired The Color Honeymooners shows under license from Gleason Enterprises and Paul Brownstein Productions.
DVD name | Episode No. | Release date |
---|---|---|
The Color Honeymooners – Collection 1 | 9 | June 27, 2006 |
The Color Honeymooners – Collection 2 | 8 | February 26, 2008 |
The Color Honeymooners – Collection 3 | 12 | May 27, 2008 |
The Color Honeymooners – Collection 4 | 12 | August 26, 2008 |
Paramount and CBS Home Entertainment released the 39 episodes on Blu-ray Disc in March 2014.[36]
In Australia (Region 4), Shock Entertainment released "The Honeymooners - Classic 39 Episodes" 5-Disc Set in NTSC format on November 13, 2009,[37] and a re-release on August 5, 2020.[38]
Impacto
Steven Sheehan explains the popularity of The Honeymooners as the embodiment of working-class masculinity in the character of Ralph Kramden, and postwar ideals in American society regarding work, housing, consumerism, and consumer satisfaction. The series visually demonstrated the burdens of material obligations and participation in consumer culture, as well as the common use of threats—even though The Honeymooners never showed or even hinted at actual violence—of domestic violence in working class households.[39]
- In 1997, the episodes "The $99,000 Answer" and "TV or Not TV" were respectively ranked No. 6 and No. 26 on "TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time".[30][40]
- In 1999, TV Guide published a list titled "TV's 100 Greatest Characters Ever!" Ed Norton was No. 20, and Ralph Kramden was No. 2.[17]
- In 2002, The Honeymooners was listed at No. 3 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.
- On June 1, 2007, FOX aired a TV's Funniest Moments special, in which a clip from the episode "The $99,000 Answer" was on the list. In the clip, Ralph lamely identifies the composer of "Swanee River" as being "Ed Norton".
- In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Honeymooners No. 13 on their list of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time.[41]
- The instrument used for Visible/Infrared Imaging by NASA on the New Horizons space probe was named after Ralph Kramden, in parallel to the Alice instrument (naming not related to the TV show) that was used on the Rosetta mission[42]
Legado
Due to its enduring popularity, The Honeymooners has been referenced numerous times in American pop culture, and has served as the inspiration for other television shows, most notably The Flintstones. The show also introduced memorable catchphrases into American culture, such as "Bang, zoom, straight to the Moon!", "One of these days ... one of these days ...," "Homina, homina, homina," and "Baby, you're the greatest".
The Flintstones
In 1960, the Hanna-Barbera-produced animated sitcom The Flintstones debuted on ABC. Many critics and viewers noted the close resemblance of that show's premise and characters to that of The Honeymooners.[43] In various interviews over the years, co-creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera each stated that The Honeymooners was used as a basis for the concept of The Flintstones. Mel Blanc, the voice of Barney Rubble, was asked to model Barney's voice after the voice of Ed Norton, but he reportedly refused. Gleason later said that he considered suing, but decided that becoming known as "the guy who yanked Fred Flintstone off the air" was not worth the negative publicity.[44]
Spoofs, parodies and importation
- In the Futurama episode "The Series Has Landed", Ralph Kramden is believed to have been an early astronaut, due to his catchphrase (which Fry states was "a metaphor for beating his wife".)
- In the episode "Spanish Fry" of the same show, Lrrr says, "One of these days, Ndnd, bang! zoom! straight to the third moon of Omicron Persei 8!!"
- The Moonlighting episode "A Trip To The Moon" contains a lengthy parody of The Honeymooners as The Bluemooners, with Bruce Willis as Ralph, Charles Rocket as Norton, Allyce Beasley as Trixie, and Cybill Shepherd as Alice.
- The sitcom The King of Queens was partially inspired by The Honeymooners.[45]
- The show was parodied in a series of animated Looney Tunes shorts, in which the principal characters, Ralph and Alice Crumden and Ned and Trixie Morton, are depicted as mice and Ralph's "big dream" is to get enough cheese to impress Alice. These cartoons are The Honey-Mousers (1956), Cheese It, the Cat! (1957), and Mice Follies (1960). The Sylvester and Tweety short Red Riding Hoodwinked (1955) has the usually-cheerful Granny character taking on the role of blustery, female Ralph. Ralph and Ed are caricatured as train-riding hoboes and pitted against Bugs Bunny in the 1956 Warner cartoon Half-Fare Hare. And in another Sylvester-Tweety cartoon, A Bird in a Bonnet (1958), when Sylvester falls into an open manhole, inside a voice like Ed Norton's says, "Whoo-hoo-hoo! Hey, look at this, Ralph, a pussycat." To which Sylvester simply peers out of the sewer to the audience.
- The writer/comic Louis C.K. stated in an interview that he based the layout of Louie's apartment in the HBO show Lucky Louie on the Kramdens' apartment, in contrast to other shows such as The King of Queens that have very nicely decorated apartments despite the characters' professed low incomes.[46]
- Stan Freberg created a brief audio skit titled "The Honeyearthers," in which Ralph, Alice, Norton, and Trixie are aliens living on the moon. In keeping with the 1950s ideas of what aliens would look like, they have two heads, one eye, one ear, four hands, three feet and antennae. Ralph drives a rocket ship and Norton works in a "green cheese mine." At the end of the skit, Ralph offers to take Alice on a "honeyearth" to renew their marriage.
- In Back to the Future (1985) Lorraine's (Lea Thompson) father (George DiCenzo) wheels their newly acquired television set in front of the family table, saying giddily: "Now we can watch Jackie Gleason while we eat!" – a reference to the TV series. Scenes from the episode "The Man from Space" are also shown even though that particular scene was set on November 5, 1955 – the day "The Sleepwalker" aired.
- In the 21 Jump Street season 3 episode "High High" (where the Jump Street team is assigned to go undercover at a performing arts school), Doug Penhall cites The Honeymooners as one of his favorite shows growing up. Towards the end, he reenacts a scene from the episode "Young Man with a Horn" for acting class.
- The Honeymooners was spoofed in an episode of Perfect Strangers as a result of the character Balki Bartoukomos (Bronson Pinchot)'s spinning an extended metaphor about the characters' existential situation to an episode of The Honeymooners he had once seen; Balki's description of the episode is shown in a black-and-white flashback.
- As Ralph Kramden was a New York City bus driver, one of the service depots in Brooklyn was renamed the Jackie Gleason Bus Depot in 1988. All buses that originate from the bus depot bear a sticker on the front that has a logo derived from the "face on the Moon" opening credits of The Honeymooners. The MTA also took 1948 GM-TDH5101 bus number 4789, renumbered it to 2969 and made it the 'official Jackie Gleason bus'.
- A statue of Gleason as Ralph Kramden stands at the Eighth Avenue entrance to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City. The plaque on the base of the statue reads, "Jackie Gleason as Ralph Kramden — Bus Driver — Raccoon Lodge Treasurer — Dreamer — Presented by the People of TV Land"[47]
- The Toronto Coach Terminal included a restaurant and bar named Kramden's Kafe from 1984 until 2013.
- An episode of The Simpsons, "The Ten-Per-Cent Solution", includes a fictional rip-off of The Honeymooners called The Adventures of Fatso Flannigan.
- In 2011, an adult parody titled The Honeymoaners was released by DreamZone Entertainment, with Peter O'Tole as Ralph and Anthony Rosano as Ed. Both actors also played Fred and Barney in The Flintstones – A XXX Parody, an adult parody of the Flintstones, which have a resemblance to the show (as mentioned above). The plot of the parody is similar to the episode "The $99,000 Answer", only here the show is called "The $69,000 Answer" and Ralph is answering questions about sex.
- The Honeymooners was spoofed in episode 22 of the first season of Saturday Night Live (then known as NBC's Saturday Night) in a sketch featuring The Killer Bees (referenced as 'The Bees' in this particular episode). John Belushi took the role of Ralph, with Gilda Radner as Alice, Dan Aykroyd as Norton, and Jane Curtin as Trixie.
- The first adult film parody of the show, Honeymooners, premiered in 1976 and starred John Leslie as the Ralph Kramden character.
- In 1988 Ron Jeremy led a cast of adult performers in the critically panned The Horneymooners.
- The Honeymooners was partly the inspiration for the Nickelodeon series Kenan and Kel.
Adaptations and remakes
The success of The Honeymooners in countries outside the United States has led to the production of new shows based entirely on it.
International remakes
Indonesia
Two series, 26 episodes in all were made for R.C.T.I. in 1996. It was the first sitcom of that style ever attempted in Indonesia. It was titled Detak Detik (Ticking Seconds) and starred Mat Sola as the Jackie Gleason character. Art Carney rang the cast prior to production to give them his best wishes. It was decided to make Mat Sola a Silver Bird taxi driver, as they had a bit more prestige in Indonesia. They left Nurbuat, who mirrored Ed Norton, as a sewerage worker. The chemistry worked well. The series had to remove any references to alcohol, as Indonesia is a country with a Muslim majority population.
Canada
French Canada was entertained for years in the 1960s and '70s by a sitcom titled Cré Basile, with Olivier Guimond, Béatrice Picard, Denis Drouin and Amulette Garneau, which was an uncredited Quebecois version of The Honeymooners. It could, by contemporary standards, qualify as plagiarism[citation needed].
Netherlands
In 1994, the Dutch broadcasting network KRO produced a version of The Honeymooners titled Toen Was Geluk Heel Gewoon (Then happiness was common), using translated scripts of the original series but changing its setting to 1950s Rotterdam. After the original 39 scripts were exhausted, the series' lead actors, Gerard Cox and Sjoerd Pleijsier, took over writing, adding many new characters and references to Dutch history and popular culture. The series was a hit in the Netherlands and it finished its run after 16 years and 229 episodes in June 2009.[48] The actors reprised their characters five years later in a feature-length movie.
Sweden
In 1994, the Swedish network TV4 produced a version of The Honeymooners titled Rena Rama Rolf, but changing its setting to modern-day Gothenburg, where Rolf (Ralph) is working as a streetcar driver. The show ran until 1998.[49]
Poland
In 1998, the Polish network Polsat produced a version of The Honeymooners titled Miodowe lata which translates to "Honey years", using both translated scripts of the original series and new ones, but changing its setting to modern-day Warsaw. The original series ran until 2003 and was continued in 2004 as Całkiem nowe lata miodowe.[50]
Comics
Vince Musacchia created a comic book series based on The Honeymooners for Hypergraphics between 1987 and 1989.[51]
Film
On June 10, 2005, a feature film remake of The Honeymooners was released, featuring a predominantly African American cast. The roles of Ralph, Alice, Ed, and Trixie were played by Cedric the Entertainer, Gabrielle Union, Mike Epps, and Regina Hall, respectively. The movie was a critical and commercial failure, earning slightly more than US$13 million worldwide.[52] The film was released by Paramount Pictures.
Video game
In 1988, First Row Software released a Honeymooners computer game for the Commodore 64 and DOS systems. The game involves the Kramdens and Nortons trying to earn $223 for train fare to Miami Beach, where Ralph wants to host the annual Raccoon Lodge convention, by playing a variety of mini-games related to the series. Additionally, players have the option of trying to double their money after each round by answering a Honeymooners-related question in a bonus round based on "The $99,000 Answer" episode.
Reboot
In December 2016, a CBS reboot of The Honeymooners with Bob Kushell writing and executive producing the series was announced but it never came to fruition. Producers Sarah Timberman, Carl Beverly, Eric & Kim Tannenbaum, and Jeff Greenstein were also announced as part of the development deal.[53]
Musical
In September 2017, Paper Mill Playhouse produced the world-premiere of a musical adaptation of The Honeymooners, starring Michael McGrath as Ralph, Michael Mastro as Ed, Leslie Kritzer as Alice, and Laura Bell Bundy as Trixie. The musical had a book by Dusty Kay and Bill Nuss, with music by Stephen Weiner and lyrics by Peter Mills. It was directed by John Rando and choreographed by Joshua Bergasse.[54]
Otras lecturas
- Crescenti, Peter; Bob Columbe (1990). The Official Honeymooners Treasury: To the Moon and Back with Ralph, Norton, Alice, and Trixie. Perigee Books. ISBN 9780399516405. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
- Katsigeorgis, John (2002). To the Moon: The Honeymooners Book of Trivia – Official Authorized Edition. Metrobooks. ISBN 1-58663-694-4.
- McCrohan, Donna and Peter Crescenti (1986). The Honeymooners Lost Episodes. Workman Publishing. ISBN 0-89480-157-0.
- McCrohan, Donna (1978). The Honeymooners' Companion: the Kramdens and the Nortons Revisited. Workman. ISBN 9780894800221. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
- Meadows, Audrey (1994). Love, Alice: My Life as a Honeymooner. Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-59881-7.
Referencias
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- ^ a b c Jones, Gerard (1993). "Sweet Subversion". Honey I'm Home!: Sitcoms – Selling the American Dream. MacMillan. p. 112. ISBN 0-312-08810-8.
- ^ Brooks; Marsh, "Top-Rated Programs by Season," p.1245
- ^ Conner (2010), Sitcoms Often Reinforce Racial Ethnic Stereotypes Archived October 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pollak, Michael (February 8, 2004). "F.Y.I." New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
- ^ "How Sweet It Is – At Jackie Gleason Depot". Associated Press. July 1, 1988. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
- ^ a b c Fischer, Stuart Kids' TV: The First Twenty-Five Years "The Flintstones"
- ^ The Port Authority Bus Terminal's Ralphie: An Ode to "The Great One", Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Published August 20, 2015. Accessed February 2, 2020.
- ^ "The Honeymooners". Amazon Prime Video. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
- ^ Ben Schott, Schott's Mischellany Calendar 2009 (New York: Workman Publishing, 2008), March 21.
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- ^ "Elaine Stritch Biography" tcm.com, accessed August 31, 2009
- ^ "Jackie Gleason", United Press International. Accessed October 25, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h McCrohan, Donna (1978). The Honeymooners' Companion – The Kramdens and the Nortons Revisited. New York: Workman Publishing. ISBN 0-89480-022-1.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h Gehring, Wes (November 2001). "'The honeymooners' turns 50: a half-century after they first arrived on TV screens, Ralph and Alice Kramden and Ed Norton continue to delight audiences on countless late-night reruns". The Society for the Advancement of Education. Archived from the original on March 24, 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2006.
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- ^ Michalski, Thomas (November 23, 2006). "Various agencies help crack down on domestic violence". Pinellas Park Beacon. Retrieved December 8, 2006.
- ^ New York Times: "Harry Crane, 85, Who Helped Create 'The Honeymooners'" by Nick Ravo Monday September 20, 1999
- ^ Variety: "Harry Crane" by Doug Galloway September 16, 1999
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enlaces externos
- History of and photos from The Honeymooners
- The Honeymooners @ pearson.tv
- The Honeymooners at IMDb