A partir de 2002, el gobierno de Estados Unidos detuvo a veintidós uigures en el campo de detención de Guantánamo . Los últimos tres uigures detenidos, Yusef Abbas, Hajiakbar Abdulghupur y Saidullah Khalik, fueron liberados de Guantánamo el 29 de diciembre de 2013, cuando fueron trasladados a Eslovaquia. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Los uigures son un grupo étnico de Asia Central originario de la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang en el oeste de China . [5]
El Washington Post informó el 24 de agosto de 2005 que se había determinado que quince uigures " ya no eran combatientes enemigos " (NLEC). [6] El Post informó que los detenidos que habían sido clasificados como NLEC no solo seguían encarcelados, sino que uno estaba encadenado al suelo por razones no reveladas por su abogado. Cinco de estos uigures, que habían presentado recursos de hábeas corpus , fueron trasladados a Albania el 5 de mayo de 2006, justo antes de una revisión judicial programada de sus peticiones. Los otros diecisiete obtuvieron recursos de hábeas corpus en 2008.
Elementos comunes en el testimonio de los detenidos
Varios de los detenidos admitieron haber recibido entrenamiento con el AK-47 , incluidos Bahtiyar Mahnut, Yusef Abbas y Abdul Hehim. [7] Describieron haber sido entrenados por los líderes del Movimiento Islámico de Turkestán Oriental, Abdul Haq y Hassan Maksum . Al menos uno describió haber sido entrenado con una pistola.
Los uigures que estaban presentes en el supuesto campamento informaron que no esperaban que su campamento fuera bombardeado. [ cita requerida ] Algunos de ellos reconocieron que habían oído hablar de los ataques del 11 de septiembre en la radio, pero ninguno de ellos sabía que los talibanes estaban acusados de participación. [ cita requerida ] Todos reconocieron haber huido del campo cuando fue bombardeado. Todos declararon que iban desarmados. Uno de los uigures dijo que Maksum murió en el bombardeo. [ cita requerida ]
Ninguno de los uigures describió ver a Estados Unidos como un enemigo. Todos los uigures que mencionaron la República Popular China describieron a su gobierno como una ocupación opresiva. Algunos de los uigures dijeron que buscaron el entrenamiento para regresar a China y defender a sus compañeros uigures contra sus ocupantes chinos. Algunos de los [8] otros uigures dijeron que buscaron el campamento de compañeros uigures porque estaban esperando una visa para Irán, uno de los países por los que tenían que pasar de camino a Turquía . [ cita requerida ] Habían escuchado que Turquía les otorgaría asilo político. [ cita requerida ]
Resultados del Tribunal de Revisión del Estatuto de Combatiente
Desde julio de 2004 hasta marzo de 2005, los tribunales de revisión de la condición de combatiente revisaron la detención de los 568 detenidos en Guantánamo . Se determinó que 38 de los detenidos eran NLEC. Cinco uigures se encontraban entre los 38 detenidos que se determinó que no eran combatientes enemigos y fueron trasladados del campo de detención principal al campo Iguana .
Esta conclusión fue remarcada por el primer estudio de Denbeaux , que señaló que muchos de los detenidos que permanecían encarcelados habían enfrentado acusaciones mucho menos graves que las que habían enfrentado los uigures.
El 10 de mayo de 2006, Radio Free Asia informó que los cinco uigures transportados a Albania eran los únicos uigures que habían sido trasladados al Campamento Iguana. [9]
En septiembre de 2007, el Departamento de Defensa publicó expedientes preparados a partir de los documentos no clasificados que surgieron de los Tribunales de Revisión del Estatuto de Combatiente de los cautivos. [10] Documento de información: Población de detenidos uigur en JTF-GTMO
Asilo en Albania
Ninguno de los uigures quería regresar a China. Estados Unidos se negó a conceder asilo político a los uigures, a permitirles la libertad condicional o incluso la libertad en la base naval.
Algunos de los uigures tenían abogados que se ofrecieron como voluntarios para ayudarlos a perseguir un recurso de hábeas corpus , que habría sido un paso para liberarlos de la detención estadounidense.
En el caso de Qassim v. Bush , los uigures defendieron su recurso de hábeas corpus en la Corte de Apelaciones de los Estados Unidos para el Circuito del Distrito de Columbia que estaba programado para escuchar los argumentos el lunes 8 de mayo de 2006. Cinco de los uigures fueron transportados a Albania , el viernes 5 de mayo de 2006; Estados Unidos presentó una moción de emergencia para desestimar más tarde ese día. El tribunal desestimó el caso como discutible. [11]
Barbara Olshansky, una de las abogadas de Uyghur, caracterizó el traslado repentino como un intento de: "... evitar tener que responder ante un tribunal por mantener a hombres inocentes en la cárcel [12] ".
Algunos informes de prensa afirman que se ha concedido asilo político a los uigures en Albania. Pero el comunicado de prensa del gobierno de EE. UU. Simplemente indica que están solicitando asilo en Albania.
El 9 de mayo de 2006, Associated Press informó que la República Popular China (PRC) denunció la transferencia de la custodia. [13] [14] La República Popular China calificó el traslado de los uigures a Albania como una violación del derecho internacional. Albania acordó examinar las pruebas contra los hombres.
Radio Free Asia informa que los cinco se alojaban en un Centro Nacional para Refugiados en un suburbio de Tirana . [9]
El 24 de mayo de 2006, Abu Bakr Qasim dijo a los entrevistadores que él y sus compatriotas se sentían aislados en Albania. [15] Qasim describió su decepción con Estados Unidos, de quien los uigures esperaban que apoyara la búsqueda de los uigures por la autonomía uigur. A la BBC le dijo que "Guantánamo fue una pesadilla de cinco años. Estamos tratando de olvidarlo". [16] "
En una entrevista con ABC News, Qasim dijo que miembros de la comunidad estadounidense-uigur se habían presentado y aseguraron al gobierno de Estados Unidos que lo ayudarían a él y a sus compatriotas a adaptarse a la vida en Estados Unidos, si se les daba asilo allí. [17]
El 19 de junio de 2008, Associated Press informó que a Adel Abdu Al-Hakim se le había negado asilo político en Suecia . [18] Sten De Geer , su abogado sueco, planea apelar el fallo, porque Albania no permitirá que su esposa e hijos se unan a él.
El 9 de febrero de 2009, Reuters informó que los cinco uigures de Albania habían tenido noticias de los diecisiete uigures que quedaron en Guantánamo y que sus condiciones habían mejorado. [19]
Acusaciones de colusión chino-estadounidense
Un artículo de la edición del 5 de diciembre de 2006 de The Washington Post informaba sobre una apelación judicial iniciada en nombre de siete de los uigures que permanecían detenidos en Guantánamo. [20] El artículo informa que los abogados de los uigures argumentaron que la evidencia contra sus clientes era esencialmente idéntica a la de los cinco uigures que fueron liberados; que el proceso mediante el cual se había determinado y revisado su condición de "combatiente enemigo" era defectuoso.
El artículo continuaba citando a funcionarios de Washington, y ex funcionarios, sobre si el grupo al que los uigures fueron acusados de pertenecer se había agregado a la lista del Departamento de Estado de organizaciones terroristas en gran parte para asegurar la aquiescencia de la República Popular China a la entonces inminente invasión estadounidense de Irak. [20] Citó la demanda de los uigures: "En la atmósfera de crisis de la época, los intereses de unas pocas docenas de refugiados palidecieron al lado de la urgencia de los planes de guerra de la Administración", y Susan Baker Manning , una de las abogadas de los uigures: " Me sorprende que Estados Unidos haya accedido a tener prisioneros políticos para China a cambio de cualquier cosa. Eso va en contra de todo lo que, pensé, defendíamos en este país ". [20]
El portavoz de Guantánamo, el comandante Jeffrey Gordon , respondió a la apelación con el comentario: "Hay una cantidad significativa de evidencia, tanto no clasificada como clasificada, que respalda la detención por parte de las fuerzas estadounidenses", [21] Según Associated Press, Gordon dijo a los periodistas que " los siete tuvieron revisiones 'múltiples' y fueron debidamente clasificados como combatientes enemigos ".
Un artículo sobre la apelación de los uigures, en The Jurist , que cita el Quinto Informe Denbeaux: Las audiencias sin audiencia , llamó a los Tribunales de Revisión del Estatuto de Combatiente de los uigures "juicios de demostración". [22]
En abril de 2007, su abogado Sabin Willett describió su situación como:
Ningún país los aceptará porque han leído todos los periódicos que publican afirmaciones de las autoridades estadounidenses de que Guantánamo es un lugar donde se lleva a cabo lo peor de lo peor, y creen que es verdad, o estos países dicen: 'Bueno, si estos tipos son inocentes, entonces, ¿por qué no los toman ustedes, los Estados Unidos? ¿Por qué no los acepta si no son malos? Y Estados Unidos realmente no tiene una buena respuesta para eso.
- Sabin Willett [23]
Un informe de mayo de 2008 del Inspector General del Departamento de Justicia de los Estados Unidos afirmaba que los interrogadores militares estadounidenses parecían haber colaborado con funcionarios chinos visitantes en la bahía de Guantánamo para promulgar la privación del sueño de los detenidos uigures. [24] [25] Un informe bipartidista del Comité de Servicios Armados del Senado, publicado en parte en diciembre de 2008 y en su totalidad en abril de 2009, concluyó que la autorización legal de " técnicas de interrogatorio mejoradas " condujo directamente al abuso y asesinato de prisioneros en el ejército de los EE. UU. instalaciones. Se cree que el abuso brutal se originó en técnicas de tortura de China para extraer confesiones falsas de prisioneros de guerra estadounidenses que emigraron de la bahía de Guantánamo a Afganistán, luego a Irak y Abu Ghraib. [26] [27]
Retenido en aislamiento, en el campamento seis
El 11 de marzo de 2007, el Boston Globe informó que los 17 cautivos uigures restantes habían sido trasladados al recién construido Camp Six , en Guantánamo. [28] El Globe informa que los uigures se encuentran recluidos durante 22 horas al día en celdas sin luz natural.
The Globe señala que antes de su detención en el Campo Seis, pudieron socializar entre ellos, pero que no podían hablar con los prisioneros en las celdas vecinas porque ninguno de ellos habla árabe o pashto . The Globe cita a Sabin Willett , el abogado de los uigures, quien informa que, en consecuencia, ha habido un grave deterioro en la salud mental de los uigures.
Según el Globe: "Los militares dicen que los uigures fueron puestos allí porque atacaron a los guardias o destrozaron sus habitaciones durante los disturbios del pasado mes de mayo". [28]
The Globe cita la explicación de Sabin Willett sobre la nueva detención más dura de los uigures. Willett: "... vincula su asignación al Campamento Seis con una presentación que hizo en busca de su liberación". [28]
Aprobación de la Ley de comisiones militares y la Ley de trato a los detenidos
En el verano de 2006, las presentaciones de hábeas corpus conocidas como Hamdan v. Rumsfeld llegaron a la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos . La Corte Suprema dictaminó que el Poder Ejecutivo carecía de autoridad constitucional para iniciar comisiones militares para juzgar a los cautivos de Guantánamo. Sin embargo, también dictaminó que el Congreso de los Estados Unidos tenía autoridad para establecer comisiones militares. En el otoño de 2006, el Congreso aprobó la Ley de Comisiones Militares , estableciendo comisiones militares similares a las establecidas inicialmente por el Poder Ejecutivo.
La ley también despojó a los cautivos del derecho a presentar presentaciones de hábeas corpus en el sistema judicial de los Estados Unidos. [23] La anterior Ley de Tratamiento de Detenidos , aprobada el 31 de diciembre de 2005, había despojado a los cautivos del derecho a iniciar nuevas presentaciones de hábeas corpus, al tiempo que dejaba en curso los recursos de hábeas corpus existentes.
La Ley de Tratamiento de Detenidos había autorizado explícitamente un proceso de apelación para los Tribunales de Revisión del Estatuto de Combatiente que no seguían las propias reglas militares. [23] Y Sabin Willet, el abogado de los uigures, ha optado por iniciar las apelaciones de los Tribunales de Revisión del Estatuto de Combatientes de los uigures.
Cada CSRT de los uigures era incompatible con los estándares y procedimientos especificados por el Secretario de Defensa, porque ninguno aplicó adecuadamente la definición de 'combatiente enemigo'. Los Procedimientos del CSRT definieron un 'combatiente enemigo' como: 'un individuo que formaba parte o apoyaba a las fuerzas talibanes o al-Qaida, o fuerzas asociadas que están involucradas en hostilidades contra Estados Unidos o sus socios de la coalición'.
Sin embargo, sostiene Willet, los Tribunales de Revisión del Estatuto de los Combatientes no tuvieron en cuenta las conclusiones del interrogador de que los uigures no eran enemigos, no habían apoyado a los talibanes y no habían participado en hostilidades. [23]
El Secretario de Justicia Auxiliar Peter D. Keisler dirigió el equipo de respuesta. El equipo de Keisler acusó a Willet de intentar: [23]
... recrear el régimen de hábeas que el Congreso abolió recientemente.
Dijeron que el argumento se reducía a: [23]
¿[Deberían] los detenidos capturados en un campo de batalla durante un tiempo de guerra, tener acceso sin precedentes a los tribunales de nuestra nación ya información clasificada, incluso después de que el Congreso rechazó enfáticamente tal enfoque?
Negociaciones de asilo
Los uigures no pueden ser repatriados a China porque la legislación nacional de los Estados Unidos prohíbe la deportación de personas a países donde es probable que sufran abusos. [29]
La administración Bush llevó a cabo negociaciones bilaterales con varios otros países para aceptar cautivos que habían sido autorizados para su liberación, con un éxito muy limitado. Funcionarios británicos frustrados que estaban negociando el regreso de los cautivos de Guantánamo a quienes se les había otorgado permiso de residencia en el Reino Unido antes de su captura filtraron las condiciones en las que los funcionarios de la administración Bush estaban tratando de insistir. Los funcionarios de Bush insistían en que Gran Bretaña encarcelara indefinidamente a los hombres a su llegada o los pusiera bajo vigilancia las 24 horas.
Discusiones de lanzamiento anticipado
El Asia Times informó, el 4 de noviembre de 2004, que había habido una discusión interna sobre cómo Estados Unidos podría liberar a los uigures sin poner en riesgo su seguridad. [29]
Asilo en Canadá
El 2 de junio de 2008, The Globe and Mail informó que documentos publicados recientemente sugirieron que el gobierno de Canadá había estado cerca de ofrecer asilo a los uigures. [30] El Globe informa que los funcionarios canadienses se abstuvieron de ofrecer asilo a los cautivos uigures por temor a que el gobierno de la República Popular China tomara represalias contra Huseyin Celil , un ciudadano canadiense de origen uigur, que estaba bajo custodia china.
El 4 de febrero de 2009, The Globe and Mail informó que la solicitud de asilo de Hassan Anvar y las solicitudes de asilo de dos de sus compatriotas estaban a punto de completarse. [31] [32] [33] El artículo citaba a Mehmet Tohti , un activista de derechos humanos uigur que declaró que se había reunido con el ministro de inmigración Jason Kenney . Según el Globe , Tohti afirmó que hubo un consenso positivo para admitir a Anvar y a dos hombres cuyos abogados no han autorizado que se divulguen sus nombres. Según el Canwest News Service , Kenney está considerando emitir permisos ministeriales especiales para los tres uigures. Según Reuters , Alyshan Velshi, de la oficina de Kenney, cuestionó si Canadá estaba cerca de aceptar algún uigur. [34] Los otros catorce uigures aún no habían cumplido una obligación que Canadá espera de los solicitantes de refugio: que establezcan su identidad.
The Don Valley Refugee Resettlement Organization is sponsoring Hassan Anvar's refugee claim.[31] The archdiocese of Montreal is sponsoring the other two men. Their sponsors will support the men with housing and clothing, if they are admitted.
Role of American Uyghurs
An article published by the Associated Press on October 10, 2008, quoted Elshat Hassan and Nury Turkel, two leaders of the Uyghur American Association, about plans for American-Uyghurs to help the Uyghur detainees acclimatize, once they have been admitted to the USA.[35] Court records included a detailed plan by the UAA to assist Uyghur detainees in resettling in the United States.[36] Turkel said the Uyghurs are as oppressed as the Tibetans, but they don't receive as much recognition because they lack a high-profile leader, like the Dalai Lama.
Asylum in Munich
In February 2009, the Munich city council passed a motion to invite the remaining seventeen Uyghurs to settle in Munich,[37] home to the largest community of Uyghurs outside of China.[38]
Temporary asylum in Palau
In June 2009, Palauan President Johnson Toribiong agreed to "temporarily resettle" up to seventeen of the Uyghur detainees, at the United States' request.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]
On September 10, 2009, The Times reported that three of the Uyghurs, Dawut Abdurehim and Anwar Assan, and another man whose identity has not been made public, have accepted the invitation to be transferred to asylum in Palau.[46]
On September 19, 2009, Fox News reported that in the week since the first announcement three further Uyghurs agreed to be transferred to Palau.[47] Fox reported that five of the other Uyghurs had refused to speak with Palau officials.
On October 31, 2009, Ahmad Tourson, Abdul Ghappar Abdul Rahman, Edham Mamet, Anwar Hassan, Dawut Abdurehim and Adel Noori were reported to have been transferred to Palau.[48][49][50][51][52]
On June 29, 2015, Nathan Vanderklippe, reporting in The Globe and Mail, wrote that all the Uyghurs had quietly left Palau.[53][54] The Globe confirmed that Palau's agreement to give refuge to the Uyghurs was reached after the USA agreed to various secret payments. Those payments included $93,333 to cover each Uyghurs living expenses. The Globe confirmed that controversy still surrounded former President Johnson Toribiong who had used some of those funds to billet the Uyghurs in houses belonging to his relatives.
Vanderklippe reported that the men had never felt they could fit in with the Palauans.[53] Some of the men compared Palau with a lusher, larger Guantanamo. Some of the men were able to bring their wives to Palau. Attempts to hold most regular jobs failed, due to cultural differences. Attempts to use their traditional leather-working skills to be self-employed failed. Eventually, all six men were employed as night-time security guards, a job that did not require interaction with Palauans.
Tragically, one of the men's young toddler, conceived and born on Palau, died after he fell off a balcony.[53] According to Vanderklippe, the men's departure from Palau was quietly arranged with cooperation with American officials. He reported they left, one or two at a time, on commercial flights. Palauan officials would not share the Uyghurs destination.
In September 2018, some Indian newspapers reported that a suspected militant had been radicalized when he lived in Palau.[55][56] The Australian Broadcasting Corporation considered the credibility of this claim, noting that the Indian man's five years in Palau overlapped with the Uyghurs.[54]
Bermuda
On June 11, 2009, Abdul Helil Mamut, Huzaifa Parhat, Emam Abdulahat and Jalal Jalaladin[57] arrived in the British overseas territory of Bermuda.[58] The cost of the relocation will be borne by the United States, while the government of Bermuda would arrange documentation, residence and housing.[59]
According to their lawyers, the four men will be "guest workers" in Bermuda;[60] according to Premier of Bermuda Ewart Brown, they will be given the opportunity to become naturalised "citizens" — currently impossible under Bermudian law, and a right which many residents, locally born and raised, do not have[61] — with the ability to eventually travel freely.[59] The decision was made without the knowledge of Richard Gozney, the Governor of Bermuda, responsible for foreign affairs and security matters, who only found out after their arrival.[62] Brown's promise of "citizenship" was apparently made without the knowledge of the British government, whose citizenship is being offered. The offer of asylum was strongly criticised both within Bermuda and by the UK. This was not the first time that Bermuda hosted refugees; during the 1970s, five people from Vietnam were allowed into the country; only one remains there, following the emigration of three others and the death of the fifth.[63] The following day, the Opposition United Bermuda Party moved for a motion of no confidence against Brown,[64] while the British government declared its intentions to review its legal relationship with the territory.[65]
On September 29, 2011, the Antigua Observer quoted Henry Bellingham the United Kingdom's Overseas Territories Minister on the UK's expectation that the US would find a permanent home for the four Uyghurs in another country.[66]
This is something that we weren't consulted on by the last (Brown) administration. We have spoken to the United States about it — it's our understanding that the arrangement was not to be permanent and we're looking to the US State Department to find a permanent solution. We're working with them to try and achieve that.
El Salvador
On April 19, 2012, the Associated Press reported that Abdul Razakah and Hammad Memet had been transferred to El Salvador.[67]Ben Fox, writing for the Associated Press wrote that the men had already begun to learn Spanish. El Salvador officials said the men had been given refuge because many El Salvador citizens had been allowed refuge in other countries when their country was hit by civil war.
In September 2013, El Salvador reported that both men quietly slipped out of El Salvador, and that their destination was unknown but presumed to be Turkey.[68]
Eslovaquia
On December 27, 2013, it was announced that the Government of Slovakia would give asylum to the three remaining Uyghurs.[69] When making the announcement the Government of Slovakia said that the three men had "never been suspected of nor charged with a criminal act of terrorism". A long-standing sticking point in getting third countries to accept former captives is that US negotiators wanted those countries to agree to impose draconian and expensive security measures on the former captives. Carol Rosenberg, of the Miami Herald, the journalist who has provided the most extensive coverage of the Guantanamo camp, described the announcement, following the releases of three other groups of men, earlier in December, marked a "significant milestone".[70]
Rosenberg reported that the US military had transferred Yusef Abbas, Hajiakbar Abdulghuper and Saidullah Khalik, to Slovakia on December 30, 2013, in a "secret operation".[71] Rosenberg quoted from a press release US District Court Judge Ricardo Urbina had prepared to be made public after the last Uyghur was transferred, where he expressed his dissatisfaction with the Obama administration for not honoring his original release order.
Fallo de la Corte Suprema en Boumediene v. Bush
On June 12, 2008, the United States Supreme Court ruled on Boumediene v. Bush. Its ruling overturned aspects of the Detainee Treatment Act and Military Commissions Act, allowing Guantanamo captives to access the US justice system for habeas petitions.
Parhat contra Gates
On Monday, June 23, 2008, it was announced that a three judge Federal court of appeal had ruled, in Parhat v. Gates, on Friday, June 20, 2008, that the determination of Hozaifa Parhat's Combatant Status Review Tribunal was "invalid".[72][73][74]
Mociones posteriores a Boumediene v. Bush
On July 7, 2008, a petition was filed on behalf of the seventeen Uyghurs.[75] On August 5, 2008, the United States Department of Justice opposed Parhat being released in the US, and to having a judgment made on his habeas petition.[76] The Government's opposition filing was 22 pages long.
Petición para ser trasladado del régimen de aislamiento
In early August 2008, US District Court Judge Ricardo M. Urbina declined to rule in favor of transferring six of the Uyghurs from Camp 6 where captives are held in solitary confinement to Camp 4 where they live in communal barracks with fellow captives.[77][78][79][80][81] Urbina's nine-page memorandum opinion addressed the needs of Hammad Memet, Khalid Ali, Edham Mamet, Bahtiyar Mahnut, Arkin Mahmud, Adel Noori.
What is clear is that no court has ever ruled that detainees, designated as enemy combatants, have a right to challenge the conditions of their confinement pursuant to the constitutional writ of habeas corpus. Furthermore, courts are reluctant to second-guess day-to-day operations of domestic prison facilities, especially when doing so intrudes upon the military and national security affairs. This deference combined with the paucity of evidence of irreparable injury and the petitioners' failure to articulate a specific constitutional right and standard from which to analyze the facts of this case presses the court to deny the petitioners' motion for a TRO and a preliminary injunction.
Ya no se clasifican como "combatientes enemigos"
On September 30, 2008, Gregory Katsas, Assistant Attorney General filed a "notice of status" for the remaining Uyghur captives—stating that they would no longer be classed as "enemy combatants".[82][83] According to The AM Law Daily the Department of Justice was scheduled to appear before Ricardo M Urbina on October 7, 2008, to defend classifying the men as enemy combatants.
Although they were no longer considered "enemy combatants" camp authorities continued to hold six of the men in solitary confinement.[82]
On Tuesday October 7, 2008, US District Court Judge Ricardo Urbina ruled that the Uyghurs had to be brought to the US to appear in his court in Washington DC on Friday, 10 October 2008.[84]
The United States Department of Justice filed an emergency motion to stay the Uyghurs' admission to the US.[85] On October 8, 2008, a three judge appeal panel granted the emergency motion to stay the Uyghur's transfer. The judges stay was to enable the appeals court to consider the merits of the parties' arguments. The parties to file briefs by October 16, 2008.
On October 16, 2008, Clint Williamson, the State Department official responsible for negotiating a new home for the captives, complained that the Justice Department's description of the Uyghurs had undermined his efforts.[86] Williamson is the State Department's ambassador-at-large for war crimes issues. The New York Times quoted Williamson's comment about cancelling his overseas trips following the Department of Justice claims:
I was scheduled to depart on another round of negotiations early this week. It was impossible to resolve some concerns we had about going forward at the time. As a result I canceled the trip.
La Corte Suprema decidirá si el poder judicial puede obligar a los cautivos a ser liberados en los Estados Unidos
On October 20, 2009, the United States Supreme Court announced it would hear an appeal filed on behalf of the Uyghurs, as to whether Justice Leon had the authority to order the Uyghurs to be released in the United States.[87][88][89][90][91] A panel of appeal court judges had overruled Leon. The appeal was filed on behalf of Hazaifa Parhat and seven other of the Uyghur captives. But the court's ruling would apply to all the Uyghurs, and would affect the appeals of other captives whose habeas hearings have overturned their CSR Tribunals.
Reacción del Partido Islámico de Turkestán
The Turkistan Islamic Party in the 2nd issue of its magazine "Islamic Turkistan" discussed the situation of Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party members in Guantanamo Bay which was getting media attention.[92]
Los detenidos uigures
ISN | Name | Arrival date | Release date | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
00102 | Edham Mamet | 2002-01-20 | 2009-10-31 |
| |
00103 | Arkin Mahmud | 2002-06-18 | 2010-02-04 |
| |
00201 | Ahmad Tourson | 2002-01-21 | 2009-10-31 |
| |
00219 |
| 2002-06-08 | 2012-04-18 |
| |
00250 | Hassan Anvar | 2002-02-07 | 2009-10-31 |
| |
00260 | Ahmed Adil | 2002-02-09 | 2006-05-05 |
| |
00275 | Yusef Abbas | 2002-06-08 | 2013-12-30 |
| |
00276 | Akhdar Qasem Basit | 2002-06-10 | 2006-05-05 |
| |
00277 | Bahtiyar Mahnut | 2002-06-10 | 2010-02-04 |
| |
00278 | Abdul Helil Mamut | 2002-06-10 | 2009-06-11 |
[137]
| |
00279 | Haji Mohammed Ayub | 2002-06-10 | 2006-05-05 |
| |
00280 | Saidullah Khalik | 2013-12-30 |
| ||
00281 | Abdul Ghappar Abdul Rahman | 2002-06-10 | 2009-10-31 |
| |
00282 | Hajiakbar Abdulghupur | 2013-12-30 |
| ||
00283 | Abu Bakr Qasim | 2002-06-10 | 2006-05-05 |
| |
00285 | Abdullah Abdulqadirakhun | 2002-06-12 | 2009-06-11 |
| |
00289 | Dawut Abdurehim | 2002-06-12 | 2009-10-31 |
| |
00293 | Adel Abdulhehim | 2002-06-10 | 2006-05-05 |
| |
00295 | Emam Abdulahat | 2002-06-14 | 2009-06-11 |
| |
00320 | Hozaifa Parhat | 2002-05-03 | 2009-06-11 |
| |
00328 | Hammad Memet | 2002-05-03 | 2012-04-18 |
| |
00584 | Adel Noori | 2002-05-05 | 2009-10-31 |
On July 18, 2008, George M. Clarke III informed the US District Court that[107]
|
Radio Free Asia named the five released Uyghurs,[9] but the report identified the Uyghurs with different transliterations than that used in the U.S. press release: Ababehir Qasim, Adil Abdulhakim, Ayuphaji Mahomet, Ahter and Ahmet.
Ver también
- East Turkestan
Referencias
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Their story may be the strangest one you'll hear out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Even after being cleared of any wrongdoing, five innocent men were kept captive at the detention center at Guantanamo.
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Despite the Uighurs' innocence, they have remained in custody. The Uighurs will face almost certain torture if they are returned to China. While Albania previously resettled five men, as many as 100 countries have refused to accept the remaining Uighur detainees in the face of Chinese opposition.
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U.S. officials eventually declared the Uighurs innocent of any wrongdoing and authorized their release, but they couldn't be sent back to China because U.S. law forbids deporting someone to a country where they are likely to face torture or persecution.
- ^ Savage, Charlie (2013-12-31). "U.S. Frees Last of the Chinese Uighur Detainees From Guantánamo Bay". New York Times. Retrieved 2015-08-04.
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In late 2003, the Pentagon quietly decided that 15 Chinese Muslims detained at the military prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, could be released.
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But Ottawa pulled back at the last minute, in large part, sources say, because of fears of what would happen to Mr. Celil, also a member of China's Uyghur minority, if the transfer went ahead - Beijing has lobbied furiously to keep any nation from accepting the Guantanamo Bay detainees.
- ^ a b Omar Al Akkab (2009-02-04). "Canada close to accepting three Gitmo detainees". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
There was a positive consensus," Mr. Tohti said of his meeting with Immigration Minister Jason Kenney and senior advisers to Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon. "They were not against it.
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"The reports that Canada is close to accepting three Uighur Guantanamo Bay detainees are false," said Kenney spokesman Alykhan Velshi.
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- ^ a b c d e f g "United States Transfers Six Uighur Detainees from Guantanamo Bay to Palau". United States Department of Justice. 2009-10-31. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g David Johnston (2009-10-31). "Uighurs Leave Guantánamo for Palau". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Guantanamo Uighurs sent to Palau". BBC News. 2009-10-31. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
- ^ a b c Nathan Vanderklippe (2015-06-28). "After Guantanamo, life on Pacific island was difficult". The Globe and Mail. Beijing. Archived from the original on 2015-06-30.
In exchange for money from the U.S. – including $93,333 (U.S.) for each man – Palau allowed the Uyghurs to trade life behind barbed-wire fences for life in one of earth's most isolated places, an island chain with a local population of just 20,000.
- ^ a b Catherine Graue, Bernadette Carreon (2018-09-29). "Tropical terrorism: Indian authorities believe one of their citizens became radicalised in Palau". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Palau. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
China had called them "terrorist suspects" but the US Government determined they were not enemy combatants. They have all since left Palau.
- ^ "Hizbul man on a mission to strike on Ganesh festival held". Times of India. Lucknow. 2018-09-14. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
Arun further said, "Zama had been to Republic of Palau near Philippines and worked there from 2008 to 2012.
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Alleged Hizbul Mujahideen operative, Qamar-uz-Zama, was radicalised by Muslim extremist groups during his stay in Republic of Palau, an island country near the Philippines between 2008 and 2012, said UP Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) officials.
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- ^ a b c d e Devlin Barrett (2009-06-11). "4 Chinese Muslims released from Guantanamo". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2009-06-11.
- ^ Bermuda Immigration and Protection Act
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The US refused to resettle them within its borders, and a deal was struck with Brown, who quit as Premier last October before leaving politics altogether. Brown said he did it as a humanitarian gesture.
CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c Ben Fox (2012-04-19). "U.S. settles two Chinese Uighurs from Guantanamo to El Salvador". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
Two men from western China who had been held for nearly a decade without charge at the Guantanamo Bay prison amid a diplomatic struggle to find them homes, have been resettled in El Salvador, the U.S. military said Thursday.
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"As in the first case, this is about transporting people who have ," the ministry said in an emailed statement.
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In rapid succession, the U.S. in December sent Guantánamo prisoners home to Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Sudan, then capped the year with a "significant milestone" deal that resettled three long-held Uighur captives in Slovakia.
- ^ a b c d Carol Rosenberg (2013-12-31). "Last 3 Uighurs leave Guantánamo". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.
Yusef Abbas, 38, Hajiakbar Abdulghuper, 39, and Saidullah Khalik, 36, left the remote U.S. Navy base in a secret operation on Monday, according to U.S. government sources. They had spent about a dozen years in U.S. military custody.
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|date=
(help) - ^ Summary of Evidence memo (.pdf) Archived 2006-07-31 at the Wayback Machine prepared for Nag Mohammed's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - November 5, 2004 page 174
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j OARDEC (July 17, 2007). "Index of Summaries of Detention-Release Factors for ARB Round Two" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ a b Andy Worthington (2010-02-04). "Swiss Take Two Guantánamo Uighurs, Save Obama from Having to Do the Right Thing". Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
Not mentioned publicly was the fact that, until Jura accepted the men's asylum claims, one of them, Arkin Mahmud, appeared to stuck at Guantánamo, his only way out being to hope that the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the Uighurs' case last year, would overturn last February's appeals court ruling, and allow cleared prisoners who cannot be repatriated into the United States.
CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "Ex-Guantanamo detainees thank Jura". World Radio Switzerland. 2010-10-04. Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
They say that six months after their arrival in Switzerland, they are gradually acclimating to their new lives, but that the trauma of their experiences is still present.
- ^ a b "Uighur brothers in jura six months later". World Radio Switzerland. 2010-10-04. Archived from the original on 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
Switzerland granted Arkin and Bahtiyar Mahmud asylum on humanitarian grounds. The brothers now live in canton Jura and, a short while ago, met the media for the first time.
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The two Uighurs arrived in canton Jura on March 23 with one living in the town of Delémont and the other in Courroux. They were admitted to Switzerland on humanitarian grounds.
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- ^ OARDEC (December 16, 2005). "Administrative Review Board assessment and recommendation ICO ISN 219" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
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- ^ OARDEC (date redacted). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 56–61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-23. Check date values in:
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(help) - ^ Letter to Condoleezza Rice[permanent dead link], January 19, 2006.
- ^ "Yusef Abbas". New York Times. December 31, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Yusef Abbas is a 33- or 34-year-old citizen of China. ... He was transferred to Slovakia on Dec. 31, 2013.
- ^ OARDEC (November 3, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Abbas, Yusef (published September 2007)" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
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(help) - ^ OARDEC (November 12, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Basit, Akhdar Qasem" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-16.
- ^ OARDEC (date redacted). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 2008-04-16. Check date values in:
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(help) - ^ a b "Guantanamo Bay Detainees Classifed [sic] as 'No Longer Enemy Combatants'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 11, 2006.
- ^ OARDEC (September 29, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Bahtiyar, Mahnut" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (October 23, 2004). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 11–28. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
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- ^ a b OARDEC (August 23, 2005). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Mahnut, Bahtiyar" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 51–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (August 29, 2005). "Summary of Administrative Review Board Proceedings for ISN 277" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 43–55. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (October 19, 2005). "Administrative Review Board assessment and recommendation ICO ISN 277" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 58. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (August 29, 2005). "Classified Record of Proceedings and basis of Administrative Review Board recommendation for ISN 277" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 60–65. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (September 16, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Mamut, Abdul Helil" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (redacted). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 7–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-04-15. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ^ OARDEC (August 31, 2005). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Mamut, Abdul Helil" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 54–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
- ^ OARDEC (November 18, 2005). "Administrative Review Board assessment and recommendation ICO ISN 278" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 66. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ OARDEC (September 9, 2005). "Classified Record of Proceedings and basis of Administrative Review Board recommendation for ISN 278" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 67–72. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Haji Mohammed Ayub's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 49-55
- ^ "Saidullah Khalik". New York Times. December 31, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Saidullah Khalik is a 37-year-old citizen of China. ... He was transferred to Slovakia on Dec. 31, 2013.
- ^ OARDEC (October 29, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Khalik, Saidullah" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Abdul Ghappar Abdul Rahman's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 34-45
- ^ "Uighur inmate in Guantanamo plea". BBC. March 20, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
Abdulghappar Turkistani, 35, is one of a group of 17 Chinese Muslims who have been held at the US camp for six years.
- ^ "Hajiakbar Abdulghupur". New York Times. December 31, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
Hajiakbar Abdulghupur is a 39- or 40-year-old citizen of China. ... He was transferred to Slovakia on Dec. 31, 2013.
- ^ Summarized transcripts (.pdf) Archived 2010-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, from Hajiakbar Abdulghupur's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 65
- ^ OARDEC (October 29, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Qasim, Abu Bakr" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-034-23. Check date values in:
|access-date=
(help) - ^ OARDEC (redacted). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 39–48. Retrieved 2008-04-23. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ^ a b OARDEC (redacted). "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 26–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-04-23. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ^ OARDEC (November 19, 2004). "Detainee Unsworn Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 9–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Adel Abdulhehim's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 36-45
- ^ Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Emam Abdulahat's Combatant Status Review Tribunal - pages 99-111
- ^ a b OARDEC. "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 43–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ OARDEC. "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 22–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ a b OARDEC (June 21, 2005). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of Mohamed, Ahmed" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 89–90. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ a b OARDEC (April 7, 2006). "Unclassified Summary of Evidence for Administrative Review Board in the case of" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. pp. 98–100. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ OARDEC (September 18, 2004). "Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal -- Noori, Adel" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ a b OARDEC. "Summarized Statement" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
enlaces externos
- Arkley denies Uighurs here permanently June 13, 2011
- Palau urges Australia to allow permanent resettlement for six Uighurs Radio Australia June 3, 2010
- Uighurs demand release on US soil Bangkok Post April 7, 2010
- Guantanamo Uighurs start new life in Palau BBC Newsnight January 14, 2010
- Australia urged to accept Uighurs The National January 5, 2010
- Life after Guantanamo - Video
- Uighur inmate in Guantanamo plea, March 20, 2008, BBC
- "Dusty relics of Yalta". Washington Times. 2008-11-26. Archived from the original on 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-26.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Uighurs: U.S. Let Chinese Abuse Us At Gitmo by Ryan Grim, The Huffington Post, June 16, 2009
- Human Rights First; Habeas Works: Federal Courts’ Proven Capacity to Handle Guantánamo Cases (2010)[permanent dead link]
- When China Convinced the U.S. That Uighurs Were Waging Jihad