En la arquitectura clásica , un orden gigante , también conocido como orden colosal , es un orden cuyas columnas o pilastras abarcan dos (o más) pisos. Al mismo tiempo, los pedidos más pequeños pueden aparecer en los arcos o marcos de ventanas y puertas dentro de los pisos que están acogidos por el pedido gigante. [1]
El orden gigante como tal era desconocido en la antigüedad, aunque la mayoría de los edificios antiguos que usaban órdenes formales carecían de pisos superiores. Hasta cierto punto, los edificios con órdenes gigantes se asemejan a un templo romano adaptado para un uso posclásico, [2] como muchos lo fueron (los supervivientes ahora han sido despojados por lo general de un relleno posterior).
En arquitectura renacentista y Beaux-Arts
One of the earliest uses of this feature in the Renaissance was at the Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua, designed by Leon Battista Alberti and begun in 1472; this adapted the Roman triumphal arch to a church facade. From designs by Raphael for his own palazzo in Rome on an island block it seems that all facades were to have a giant order of pilasters rising at least two stories to the full height of the piano nobile, "a grandiloquent feature unprecedented in private palace design". He appears to have made these in the two years before his death in 1520, which left the building unstarted.[3] It was further developed by Michelangelo at the Palaces on the Capitoline Hill in Rome (1564-68), where he combined giant pilasters of Corinthian order with small Ionic columns that framed the windows of the upper story and flanked the loggia openings below.[2]
The giant order became a major feature of later 16th century Mannerist architecture, and Baroque architecture.[2] Its use by Andrea Palladio justified its use in the seventeenth century in the movement known as neo-Palladian architecture.
It continued to be used in Beaux-Arts architecture of 1880–1920 as, for example, in New York City's James A. Farley Building, which claims the largest giant order Corinthian colonnade in the world.[4]
Galería
Front facade of the Palazzo Barbaran da Porto with Giant order, from I quattro libri dell'architettura (1570).
Notas
- ^ Summerson 1980, pp. 63, 72.
- ^ a b c Summerson 1980, p. 63.
- ^ Jones & Penny 1983, pp. 224-226.
- ^ "James A. Farley Post Office | The Official Guide to New York City". NYCgo.com. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
Referencias
- Jones, Roger; Penny, Nicholas (1983). Raphael. Yale. ISBN 0-300-03061-4.
- Summerson, John (1980). The Classical Language of Architecture. World of Art. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0500201773.
enlaces externos
- Michelangelo's innovative giant order at the Campidoglio.