Una torre de celosía o torre de celosía es una torre de marco vertical independiente . Esta construcción es ampliamente utilizada en torres de transmisión que transportan líneas eléctricas de alta tensión , en mástiles y torres de radio (una torre autoradiante o como soporte de antenas ) y en torres de observación . Su ventaja es una buena resistencia al cizallamiento con un peso mucho menor que el que tendría una torre de construcción sólida, así como una menor resistencia al viento. En ingeniería estructural, el término torre de celosía se utiliza para una estructura independiente, mientras que un mástil de celosía es unmástil atirantado con el apoyo de cuerdas tensoras . Las celosías de sección transversal triangular (de 3 lados) son las más comunes, particularmente en América del Norte. Las celosías cuadradas (de 4 lados) también se utilizan ampliamente y son más comunes en Eurasia. Las torres de celosía a menudo se diseñan como un marco espacial o una estructura hiperboloide .
![](http://wikiimg.tojsiabtv.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/440px-Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg)
Antes de 1940, se utilizaban como torres de transmisión de radio especialmente para onda corta y media, ocasionalmente se utilizaban torres de celosía de madera. La torre de celosía de madera más alta estaba en Mühlacker , Alemania. Tenía una altura de 190 metros (620 pies) y fue construido en 1934 y demolido en 1945. La mayoría de las torres de celosía de madera fueron demolidas antes de 1960. En Alemania, las últimas grandes torres de radio de madera fueron las torres de transmisión del transmisor Golm y el transmisor Ismaning . Fueron demolidos en 1979 y 1983 respectivamente.
La torre de celosía independiente más alta es el Tokyo Skytree , con una altura de 634 metros (2080 pies). La torre compatible con Petronius es la torre de celosía soportada más alta con 640 metros (2100 pies) parcialmente sumergida. La ciudad más famosa por las torres de celosía es Cincinnati, Ohio , que cuenta con cuatro torres de más de 900 pies de altura, Tokio es la única otra ciudad en el mundo que tiene más de una por encima de esa altura.
La mayoría de las torres de celosía de acero más altas del mundo se construyen en el agua y se utilizan como plataformas petrolíferas. Estas estructuras generalmente se construyen en grandes piezas en la tierra más comúnmente en Texas o Louisiana y luego se mueven en barcazas hasta su lugar de descanso final. Dado que una gran parte de estas torres están bajo el agua, la altura oficial de tales estructuras a menudo se mantiene en disputa. Las celosías de acero para estas estructuras, conocidas como chaquetas en la industria petrolera, suelen ser mucho más robustas y reforzadas que sus contrapartes terrestres que a veces pesan más de 50.000 toneladas, como es el caso de las plataformas Bullwinkle y Baldpate , mientras que las altas (arriba Las torres de celosía terrestres de 1,000 pies) van desde un máximo de 10,000 toneladas como es el caso de la Torre Eiffel hasta tan solo unos pocos cientos de toneladas. Están construidos con un estándar más alto para soportar el peso de las plataformas petroleras construidas sobre ellos y debido a las fuerzas a las que están sometidos. Como resultado, el costo de construir estas estructuras puede ascender a cientos de millones . Estos costos se justifican debido a los ingresos derivados del petróleo y el gas, mientras que las torres terrestres tienen un flujo de ingresos mucho menor y, por lo tanto, los costos de capital de las torres suelen ser mucho menores.
![](http://wikiimg.tojsiabtv.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DragonTower.jpg/440px-DragonTower.jpg)
Cronología de la torre de celosía más alta del mundo
Desde finales del siglo XIX se construyeron altas torres de celosía. Las torres de celosía incluso han tenido el récord absoluto de altura y se encuentran entre las estructuras arquitectónicas independientes más altas y también tienen récords nacionales como la estructura independiente más alta o incluso la más alta de un país.
Land record, torres de hierro y acero
Registro retenido | Nombre | Localización | Terminado | Altura (m) | Altura en pies) | Notas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De | A | ||||||
1852 | 1881 | Luz de arrecife de Carysfort | Cayo Largo, Florida | 1852 | 36,6 | 120 | |
1881 | 1889 | Torre de luz eléctrica San José | San Jose, California | 1881 | 72 | 237 | Colapsó en una tormenta en diciembre de 1915 |
1889 | 1956 | Torre Eiffel | París, Francia | 1889 | 312,3 | 1.025 | Cuando se construyó, mantuvo el récord absoluto de altura para la estructura más alta de cualquier tipo en el mundo hasta 1930 |
1956 | 1957 | Torre de transmisión de KCTV | Kansas City, Misuri | 1956 | 317,6 | 1.042 | |
1957 | 1958 | Torre Eiffel | París, Francia | 1889 | 321 | 1.053 | |
1958 | 1973 | Torre de Tokio | Tokio, Japón | 1957 | 333 | 1.093 | |
1973 | 2012 | Torre de televisión de Kiev | Kiev, Ucrania | 1973 | 385 | 1,263 | |
2012 | Actual | Tokyo Skytree | Tokio, Japón | 2012 | 634 | 2.080 |
Registro de tierras, torres de madera
Registro retenido | Nombre | Localización | Terminado | Altura (m) | Altura en pies) | Notas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De | A | ||||||
1853 | 1856 | Observatorio Latting | Nueva York, Estados Unidos | 1853 | 96 | 315 | Quemado en 1856 |
1899 | 1902 | Torre de Wardenclyffe | Shoreham, Estados Unidos | 1899 | 57 | 187 | |
1902 | 1926 | Torres de la estación inalámbrica South Wellfleet Marconi | South Wellfleet, Estados Unidos | 1902 | 64 | 210 | 4 torres |
1926 | 1928 | Transmisor Stadelheim | Munich-Stadelheim, Alemania | 1926 | 75 | 246 | |
1928 | 1930 | Torre de radio de Flensburg | Flensburg, alemania | 1928 | 90 | 295 | |
1930 | 1932 | Transmisor Heilsberg | Lidzbark Warmiński, Polonia | 1930 | 102 | 335 | |
1932 | 1933 | Sendeturm Ismaning | Ismaning, Alemania | 1932 | 163 | 534 | |
1933 | 1934 | Transmisor Berlin-Tegel | Berlín, Alemania | 1933 | 165 | 541 | |
1934 | 1945 | Torre de transmisión Mühlacker | Mühlacker, Alemania | 1934 | 190 | 623 | Demolido el 6 de abril de 1945 |
1945 | 1948 | Transmisor Berlin-Tegel | Berlín, Alemania | 1933 | 165 | 541 | Derribado el 16 de diciembre de 1948 |
1948 | 1983 | Sendeturm Ismaning | Ismaning, Alemania | 1932 | 163 | 534 | Demolido el 16 de marzo de 1983 |
1983 | 1990 | Transmisor Żórawina | Żórawina, Polonia | 1932 | 140 | 459 | Demolido durante el otoño de 1990 |
1990 | Actual | Torre de radio Gliwice | Gliwice, Polonia | 1935 | 118 | 387 |
Registro de tierra y agua, en general
Registro retenido | Nombre | Localización | Terminado | Altura (m) | Altura en pies) | Notas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De | A | ||||||
1852 | 1853 | Luz de arrecife de Carysfort | Cayo Largo, Florida | 1852 | 36,6 | 120 | |
1853 | 1856 | Observatorio Latting | Nueva York, Estados Unidos | 1853 | 96 | 315 | Quemada en 1856, la estructura fue una inspiración para la Torre Eiffel. |
1856 | 1889 | Luz de arrecife de Carysfort | Cayo Largo, Florida | 1852 | 36,6 | 120 | |
1881 | 1889 | Torre de luz eléctrica San José | San Jose, California | 1881 | 72 | 237 | Construido con un diseño inusual con vigas transversales circulares |
1889 | 1956 | Torre Eiffel | París, Francia | 1889 | 312,3 | 1.025 | Peso de la estructura de hierro 7.300 toneladas peso total de la torre 10.100 toneladas |
1956 | 1957 | Torre de transmisión de KCTV | Kansas City, Misuri | 1956 | 317,6 | 1.042 | Peso; 600 toneladas |
1957 | 1958 | Torre Eiffel | París, Francia | 1889 | 321 | 1.053 | |
1958 | 1973 | Torre de Tokio | Tokio, Japón | 1957 | 333 | 1.093 | Peso; 4.000 toneladas |
1973 | 1977 | Torre de televisión de Kiev | Kiev, Ucrania | 1973 | 385 | 1,263 | Peso; 3000 toneladas |
1977 | 1989 | Plataforma Coñac | Golfo de México | 1977 | 385,5 | 1.265 | Peso; 45.000 toneladas [1] o 59.000 toneladas [2] |
1989 | 1998 | Plataforma Bullwinkle | Golfo de México | 1989 | 529 | 1,736 | Peso de la chaqueta de acero 49,375 toneladas, peso total de la plataforma 72,000 toneladas |
1998 | 2000 | Torre compatible con Baldpate | Golfo de México | 1998 | 581,5 | 1.908 | Peso de la chaqueta de acero 28,900 toneladas, peso total de la plataforma 38,700 toneladas |
2000 | Actual | Torre compatible con Petronius | Golfo de México | 2012 | 640 | 2,100 | Peso de la camisa de acero 43.000 toneladas, peso total de la plataforma 50.500 toneladas. Cuando se construyó, mantuvo el récord absoluto de altura para la estructura más alta de cualquier tipo en el mundo hasta 2010. |
Torres de celosía de acero
Las torres de celosía más altas, todos los tipos
Lista de todas las estructuras de torres de celosía supertall del mundo.
Rango | Nombre | Tipo | Año | Construido en | Ciudad / ubicación | Altura m | Altura en pies | Costo | Peso | Observaciones |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Torre compatible con Petronius | Plataforma petrolera, torre compatible | 2000 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 640 | 2,100 | $ 500 millones | 50,500 [3] | La torre de celosía más alta de cualquier tipo. Apoyado por el agua |
2 | Tokyo Skytree | Torre de celosía | 2012 | Japón | Sumida, Tokio | 634 | 2.080 | $ 806 millones [4] | 36.000 toneladas [5] | La torre de celosía independiente más alta |
3 | Torre compatible con Baldpate | Plataforma petrolera, torre compatible | 1998 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 581,5 | 1.908 | $ 300 millones | 38,700 toneladas | Estructura más alta del mundo 1998-2000 |
4 | Plataforma Bullwinkle | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1989 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 529 | 1,736 | $ 500 millones | 72.000 toneladas | Estructura fija / aparejada más alta construida en agua |
5 | Plataforma Benguela-Belice Lobito-Tomboco [6] | Plataforma petrolera, torre compatible | 2008 | EE.UU | Cuenca del Congo | 512 | 1,680 | $ 820 millones [7] | 69,500 toneladas | |
6 | Plataforma Pompano | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1994 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 477 | 1,565 | 39.890 toneladas (sin incluir la plataforma) [8] | ||
7 | Plataforma Tombua Landana [9] | Plataforma petrolera, torre compatible | 2009 | EE.UU | Cuenca del Congo | 474 | 1,554 | $ 200 millones [10] | 81.500 toneladas [10] [11] | |
8 | Plataforma Harmony [12] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1992 | Corea del Sur [13] | California | 366 | 1200 | 44.100 (sin incluir la plataforma) [13] | la altura indicada es solo hasta el nivel del agua, probablemente sea de 1,500 pies o más de altura total | |
9 | Plataforma Virgo [12] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1999 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 344 | 1,130 | la altura indicada es solo hasta el nivel del agua, probablemente sea de 1.400 pies (430 m) o más de altura total | ||
10 | Plataforma de celacanto [14] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 2016 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 400 | 1.312 | |||
11 | Plataforma de patrimonio [12] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1992 | Corea del Sur [13] | California | 326 | 1.070 | 35.500 (sin incluir la plataforma) [13] | la altura indicada es solo hasta el nivel del agua, probablemente sea de 400 m (1.300 pies) o más de altura total | |
12 | Plataforma Coñac [15] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1977 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 385,5 | 1.265 | $ 100 millones [1] o $ 265 millones [2] | 59.000 toneladas | |
13 | Torre de televisión de Kiev | Torre de celosía | 1973 | Ucrania | Kiev | 385 | 1,263 | $ 12 millones | ||
14 corbata | Conexión eléctrica aérea de las islas Jintang y Cezi, torre este [16] | Pilón hidráulico | 2019 | porcelana | Isla Jintang | 380 | 1.247 | $ 67 millones [17] | Los pilones más altos del mundo | |
14 corbata | Conexión eléctrica aérea de las islas Jintang y Cezi, torre oeste | Pilón hidráulico | 2019 | porcelana | Isla Jintang | 380 | 1.247 | $ 67 millones | Los pilones más altos del mundo | |
dieciséis | Torre de Tashkent | Torre de celosía / Torre de acero | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374,9 | 1.230 | 6.000 toneladas [18] | puede clasificarse como una torre de acero en lugar de una torre de celosía | |
17 corbata | Conexión eléctrica aérea de la isla Zhoushan , torre norte | Pilón hidráulico | 2009 | porcelana | Isla Damao | 370 | 1.214 | |||
17 corbata | Corbata eléctrica aérea de la isla Zhoushan , torre sur | Pilón hidráulico | 2009 | porcelana | Isla Damao | 370 | 1.214 | |||
19 | Plataforma Amberjack [12] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1991 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 314 | 1.030 | la altura indicada es solo hasta el nivel del agua, probablemente sea de 1200 pies (370 m) o más de altura total | ||
20 | Plataforma Hondo | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1976 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 354,5 | 1,163 | $ 70 millones [19] | ||
21 corbata | Cruce del río Yangtze Jiangyin , torre norte | Pilón hidráulico | 2003 | porcelana | Jiangyin | 346,5 | 1,137 | 4.000 toneladas [20] | ||
21 corbata | Cruce del río Yangtze Jiangyin , torre sur | Pilón hidráulico | 2003 | porcelana | Jiangyin | 346,5 | 1,137 | 4.000 toneladas | ||
23 | Torre del Dragón | Torre de celosía | 2000 | porcelana | Harbin | 336 | 1.102 | |||
24 | Torre de Tokio | Torre de celosía | 1957 | Japón | Tokio | 333 | 1.093 | $ 8.4 millones | 4.000 toneladas | |
25 | Torre de televisión WITI | Torre de celosía | 1962 | EE.UU | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329,4 | 1.081 | |||
26 | Plataforma Cerveza [21] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1981 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 327 | 1.073 | $ 90 millones [22] | ||
27 | Plataforma Ligera Cerveza [21] | Plataforma petrolera, armadura de acero | 1981 | EE.UU | Golfo de México | 327 | 1.073 | $ 60 millones [22] | ||
28 | Torre de televisión de San Petersburgo | Torre de celosía | 1962 | Rusia | San Petersburgo | 326 | 1.070 | |||
29 | Torre Eiffel | Torre de celosía | 1889 | Francia | París | 324 | 1.063 | $ 1.5 millones | 10.100 toneladas | |
30 | Torre WHDH-TV | Torre de celosía | 1960 | EE.UU | Newton, Massachusetts | 323,8 | 1.062 | |||
31 | Torre de transmisión de KCTV | Torre de celosía | 1956 | EE.UU | Kansas City, Misuri | 317,6 | 1.042 | $ 0.42 millones | 600 toneladas [23] | |
32 | Torre de radiodifusión Turner | Torre de celosía | 1967 | EE.UU | Atlanta, Georgia | 314,3 | 1.031 | desmontado en 2010 | ||
33 | Torre de televisión de Ereván | Torre de celosía | 1977 | Armenia | Ereván | 311,7 | 1.023 | estructura más alta de Armenia | ||
34 | Torre de televisión Fazilka | Torre de celosía | 2007 | India | Fazilka | 304,8 | 1.000 | torre de celosía más alta de la India | ||
35 | Torre de televisión de Mumbai | Torre de celosía | 1972 | India | Bombay | 300 | 984 |
Torres de celosía con plataformas de observación
indica una estructura que ya no está en pie.
Torre | Año | País | Pueblo | Altura m | Altura en pies | Observaciones |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japón | Sumida, Tokio | 634 metros | 2080 pies | La torre de celosía más alta del mundo |
Torre de Tashkent | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374,9 m | 1230 pies | |
Torre del Dragón | 2000 | porcelana | Harbin | 336 metros | 1102 pies | |
Torre de Tokio | 1957 | Japón | Tokio | 333 metros | 1093 pies | |
Torre Eiffel | 1889 | Francia | París | 324 metros | 1063 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Zhuzhou | 1999 | porcelana | Shijiazhuang | 293 metros | 961 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Shijiazhuang | 1998 | porcelana | Shijiazhuang | 280 metros | 919 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Kaifeng | 1995 | porcelana | Kaifeng | 268 metros | 879 pies | |
Torre de radio y televisión de Daqing | 1989 | porcelana | Daqing | 260 metros | 853 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Foshan [24] | ? | porcelana | Foshan | 238 metros | 781 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Qingdao | 1994 | porcelana | Qingdao | 232 metros | 761 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Hongguangshan | ? | porcelana | Ürümqi | 230 m [25] | 754 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Brasilia | 1967 | Brasil | Brasilia | 224 m [26] | 735 pies | |
Torre de radio y televisión de Changchun | 1997 | porcelana | Qingdao | 218 m [27] | 715 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Guangzhou | 1991 | porcelana | Guangzhou | 217 metros | 712 pies | |
Torre de televisión de Guangdong [28] | 1965 | porcelana | Guangdong | 200 metros | 656 pies | |
Torre de radio y televisión de Dalian [29] | 1990 | porcelana | Dalian | 191 metros | 627 pies | Tiene un núcleo de hormigón macizo grueso con una celosía de acero exterior, se desconoce cuál proporciona la mayor parte del soporte estructural, pero la celosía de acero es una característica muy destacada de la torre. |
Torre de televisión de Nagoya | 1954 | Japón | Nagoya | 180 metros | 590 pies | |
Odinstårnet | 1935 | Dinamarca | Odense | 175 metros | 574 pies | demolido el 14 de diciembre de 1944 |
Nueva torre de Brighton | 1900 | Reino Unido | Liverpool | 172,8 metros | 567 pies | desmantelado de 1919 a 1921 |
Torre Eiffel de Las Vegas | 1999 | Estados Unidos | Las Vegas | 165 metros | 541 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 2 de la Torre Eiffel |
Torre ABC de Osaka | 1966 | Japón | Osaka | 160 metros | 525 pies | demolido en septiembre de 2009 [30] |
El Macao parisino | 2016 | porcelana | Macao | 160 metros | 525 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 2 de la Torre Eiffel |
Torre de Blackpool | 1894 | Reino Unido | Blackpool | 158 metros | 518 pies | |
Funkturm Berlín | 1926 | Alemania | Berlina | 150 metros | 492 pies | Única torre de observación sobre aisladores |
Torre de televisión de Sapporo | 1957 | Japón | Sapporo | 147,2 metros | 483 pies | |
Vasco-da-Gama-Tower | 1998 | Portugal | Lisboa | 145 metros | 476 pies | |
Torre alfabética | 2012 | Georgia | Batumi | 130 metros | 427 pies | |
Torre Nacional de Gettysburg | 1974 | EE.UU | Gettysburg, Pensilvania | 120 metros | 394 pies | demolido el 3 de julio de 2000 Estructura hiperboloide |
Torre de observación de la Cité de l'Énergie | 1997 | Canadá | Shawinigan, Quebec | 115 metros | 377 pies | |
Torre Branca | 1933 | Italia | Milán | 108,6 metros | 356 pies | |
Torre del puerto de Kobe | 1963 | Japón | Kobe | 108 metros | 354 pies | |
Torre Eiffel de la Ventana del Mundo | 1993 | porcelana | Shenzhen | 108 metros | 354 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 3 de la Torre Eiffel |
Comunidad de la ciudad de la Torre Eiffel de Tiandu | 2007 | porcelana | Macao | 108 metros | 354 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 3 de la Torre Eiffel |
Torre Marina Yokohama | 1961 | Japón | Yokohama | 106 metros | 348 pies | |
Tsutenkaku | 1956 | Japón | Osaka | 103 metros | 338 pies | |
Torre del puerto de Hakata | 1964 | Japón | Fukuoka | 103 metros | 338 pies | |
Torre total [31] | 1994 | Estados Unidos | Denver | 100,6 metros | 330 pies | |
Torre de Beppu | 1957 | Japón | Beppu | 100 metros | 328 pies | |
Torre Eiffel de la Isla de los Reyes | 1972 | EE.UU | Mason, Ohio | 96 metros | 315 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 3,5 de la Torre Eiffel |
Dominio de la Torre Eiffel de los Reyes | 1975 | EE.UU | Doswell, Virginia | 96 metros | 315 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 3,5 de la Torre Eiffel |
Torre de radio Cholfirst | 1973 | Suiza | Flurlingen | 96 metros | 315 pies | |
Tour métallique de Fourvière | 1894 | Francia | Lyon | 85,9 metros | 282 pies | No se utiliza como torre de observación desde 1953 |
Sunsphere | mil novecientos ochenta y dos | Estados Unidos | Knoxville | 81,07 m | 266 pies | |
Réplica de la Torre Eiffel en la ciudad de Bahria | 2014 | Pakistán | Bahria | 80 metros | 262 pies | Réplica a escala 1: 4 de la Torre Eiffel |
Torre Sant Sebastia | 1931 | España | Barcelona | 78 metros | 256 pies | La terminal del puerto tranvía aéreo |
Torre de televisión de Hiratsuka | 1972 | Japón | Hiratsuka | 70 metros | 256 pies | |
Instalación 4101, Torre 93 | 1975 | Alemania | Hürth | 74,84 m | 246 pies | Torre de electricidad , que llevó desde 1977 hasta 2010 a una altura de 27 metros (89 pies) una plataforma de observación |
Torre de Morecambe | 1898 | Reino Unido | Morecambe | 71 m | 232 pies | desmantelado durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, [32] construido sobre un teatro |
Torre de montaña Hot Springs | 1983 | Estados Unidos | Montaña de aguas termales | 65,8 metros | 216 pies | |
Petřínská rozhledna | 1891 | checo | Praga | 60 m | 197 pies | |
Torre de Bachtel | 1986 | Suiza | Hinwil | 60 m | 197 pies | |
Torre verde | 1998 | Japón | Sanbu | 60 m | 197 pies | |
Torre de radio Gross Reken Melchenberg | 2002 | Alemania | Reken | 60 m | 197 pies | |
Torre de observación de Schomberg | 2006 | Alemania | Sundern | 60 m | 197 pies | |
Aalborgtårnet | 1933 | Dinamarca | Aalborg | 54,9 metros | 180 pies | |
Torre de observación Ahlbeck | 1998 | Alemania | Ahlbeck | 50 m | 164 pies | |
Torre de Watkins | 1891 | Reino Unido | Londres | 47 metros | 154 pies | nunca completado y desmantelado en 1907 debía tener 358 m / 1175 pies de altura |
Torre de observación de Morsbach | 1962 | Alemania | Morsbach | 45 m | 148 pies | |
Cruz de san josé | 1896 | Alemania | Stolberg | 38 metros | 124 pies | |
Torre de observación de Poppenberg | 1897 | Alemania | Ilfeld | 33 metros | 108 pies | |
Torre de Lemberg | 1899 | Alemania | Montaña Lemberg | 33 metros | 108 pies | |
Torre de observación de Wanne | 1888 | Alemania | Villingen-Schwenningen | 30 m | 98 pies | |
Torre Gehrenberg | 1903 | Alemania | Markdorf | 30 m | 98 pies | |
Torre de la unidad | 1962 | Alemania | Heldrastein | 30 m | 98 pies | Antigua torre de celosía adicionalmente atirantada, que se transformó en torre de observación |
Gustav-Vietor-Tower | 1882 | Alemania | Hohe Wurzel (Taunus) | 25 m | 82 pies | demolido en 2006 |
Torre de observación a la altura de Goetzinger | 1883 | Alemania | Neustadt / Sajonia | 25 m | 82 pies | |
Torre Hochfirst | 1890 | Alemania | Titisee-Neustadt | 25 m | 82 pies | Además atados |
Torre de observación de Büchenbronn | 1883 | Alemania | Büchenbronn | 24,75 metros | 81 pies | Además atados |
Tour du Belvédère | 1898 | Francia | Mulhouse-Belvédère | 20 m | 65 pies | |
Torre Salzgitter Bismarck | 1900 | Alemania | Salzgitter | 17 m | 56 pies | |
Torre de observación de Gillerberg | 1892 | Alemania | Hilchenbach | 15 m | 49 pies |
Antenas de transporte de torre de radio
Lista de torres de radio por encima de 150 m / 500 pies de altura.
indica una estructura que ya no está en pie.
indica una estructura que ha sufrido un cambio de altura o ha sido reconstruida.
Torre | Año | País | Pueblo | Altura m | Altura en pies | Tipo de diseño | Notable por |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japón | Tokio | 634 metros | 2080 pies | núcleo macizo de hormigón armado [33] sostenido por un marco de celosía cilíndrico | la torre más alta de cualquier tipo en el mundo y la torre de celosía terrestre más alta, la estructura más alta de Japón |
Torre de televisión de Kiev | 1973 | Ucrania | Kiev | 385 metros | 1263 pies | núcleo de acero sólido sostenido por un marco de celosía de 6 lados con 4 patas | La torre de celosía terrestre más alta de 1973 a 2012, la estructura más alta de Ucrania |
Torre de Tashkent | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374,9 m | 1230 pies | núcleo de acero macizo sostenido por un marco de celosía cilíndrico con 3 patas de acero | Es más probable que se clasifique como una torre de acero que como una torre de celosía, la estructura más alta de Uzbekistán. |
Torre del Dragón | 2000 | porcelana | Harbin | 336 metros | 1102 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados, parte superior de 4 lados | |
Torre de Tokio | 1957 | Japón | Tokio | 333 metros | 1093 pies | 4 lados, 4 patas | torre de celosía más alta del mundo desde 1957 hasta 1973 |
Torre de televisión WITI | 1962 | EE.UU | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329,4 metros | 1081 pies | 3 caras | La torre de celosía terrestre más alta de los Estados Unidos , la segunda más alta del mundo cuando se completó en 1962 |
Torre de televisión de San Petersburgo | 1962 | Rusia | San Petersburgo | 326 metros | 1070 pies | núcleo central sólido (acero) soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados | torre de celosía más alta de Rusia , aumento de altura de 53 pies (16 m) en 2011 |
Torre Eiffel | 1889 | Francia | París | 324 metros | 1063 pies | 4 lados, 4 patas | la torre de celosía más alta del mundo desde 1889 hasta 1956, ha sufrido múltiples cambios de altura, [34] altura original de 1.024 pies (312 m) hasta la punta del asta de la bandera [35] |
Torre WHDH-TV | 1960 | EE.UU | Newton, Massachusetts | 323,8 m | 1062 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de transmisión de KCTV | 1956 | EE.UU | Kansas City, Misuri | 317,6 m | 1042 pies | Tipo pirámide de 4 lados | se convirtió brevemente en la torre de celosía más alta del mundo cuando se completó en 1956, superando la altura original de la Torre Eiffel en 17 pies [34] de peso; 600 toneladas |
Torre de radiodifusión Turner | 1967 | EE.UU | Atlanta, Georgia | 314,3 m | 1031 pies | 3 caras | desmontado en 2010 |
Torre de televisión de Ereván | 1977 | Armenia | Ereván | 311,7 metros | 1023 pies | núcleo de acero macizo soportado por un marco de celosía de 3 lados [36] | estructura más alta de Armenia |
Torre de televisión Fazilka | 2007 | India | Fazilka | 304,8 metros | 1000 pies | 4 caras | torre de celosía más alta de la India |
Torre de televisión de Mumbai | 1972 | India | Bombay | 300 metros | 984 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre Sutro | 1973 | EE.UU | San Francisco, California | 297,8 m | 977 pies | Parte superior de 3 patas con tirantes y parte superior de candelabro | |
Torre WKRQ | 1960 | EE.UU | Cincinnati, Ohio | 294,6 m | 967 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Zhuzhou | 1999 | porcelana | Zhuzhou | 293 metros | 961 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados | |
Torre estrella | 1991 | EE.UU | Cincinnati, Ohio | 290,8 metros | 954 pies | Diseño de torre emblemática | Última torre de celosía de más de 700 pies construida en los Estados Unidos |
Torre de televisión WLWT | 1978 | EE.UU | Cincinnati, Ohio | 289,6 m | 950 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de radio Dudelange | 1957 | Luxemburgo | Dudelange | 285 metros | 935 pies | 3 caras | estructura más alta de Luxemburgo , reconstruida en 1981 |
Torre de televisión de Shijiazhuang | 1998 | porcelana | Shijiazhuang | 280 metros | 919 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 8 lados con 4 patas | |
Torre de AIRE | 2013 | India | Amritsar | 280 metros | 919 pies | 4 caras | originalmente destinado a tener 300 m (980 pies) de altura. [37] La altura de la torre alcanzó un pico de 280 m (920 pies) con planes en el lugar para reducir aún más su altura a 100 m (330 pies) [38] debido a una inclinación en el ángulo de la torre. [39] Hasta la fecha no se ha realizado ningún trabajo para rectificar el problema ni para reducir la altura de las torres. [40] [41] |
Torre neta 25 | 1990 | Filipinas | ciudad Quezon | 276,4 metros | 907 pies | 3 caras | estructura más alta de Filipinas |
Torre de televisión WCPO | 1965 | EE.UU | Cincinnati, Ohio | 276 metros | 905 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Perm [42] | 2016 | Rusia | Permanente | 275 metros | 902 pies | Estructura hiperboloide | peso; 657 toneladas [42] |
Torre de transmisión de televisión de Tbilisi | 1972 | Georgia | Tbilisi | 274,5 metros | 901 pies | núcleo de acero sólido sostenido por un marco de celosía de 3 lados con 2 patas | es más probable que se clasifique como una torre de acero que como una torre de celosía, la estructura más alta de Georgia |
Torre de televisión RCTI [43] [44] | ? | Indonesia | Jacarta | 274 metros | 900 pies | 3 caras | La torre de celosía más alta de Indonesia |
Torre de televisión de Kaifeng | 1989 | porcelana | Kaifeng | 268 metros | 879 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 8 lados con 4 patas | |
Torre de radio y televisión de Daqing | 1989 | porcelana | Daqing | 260 metros | 853 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados, parte superior de 4 lados | |
Torre Octod de Moscú | 2006 | Rusia | Moscú | 258 metros | 846 pies | Estructura hiperboloide | |
Torre de televisión WTVR | 1953 | EE.UU | Richmond, Virginia | 257 metros | 843 pies | Tipo pirámide de 4 lados | segunda torre de celosía más alta del mundo cuando se completó en 1953 |
Torre de televisión WBNS | 1948 | EE.UU | Columbus, Ohio | 255,8 metros | 839 pies | 3 caras | originalmente 181,3 m 595 pies miembros estructurales adicionales se agregaron 1955 para alcanzar su altura actual |
Torre de televisión Grodno | 1984 | Bielorrusia | Grodno | 254 metros | 833 pies | Torre de celosía con arriostramiento superior de 4 lados, con una sección superior arriostrada con cuatro barras transversales horizontales | estructura independiente más alta de Bielorrusia |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 1 | 1918 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | seis de las ocho torres fueron construidas en 1918, las dos últimas se completaron en 1920. El ejército alemán en retirada demolió todas menos una de las torres en 1944 [45] |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 2 | 1918 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 3 | 1918 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 4 | 1918 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 5 | 1918 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 6 | 1920 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 7 | 1918 o 1920 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | demolido en 1944 |
Transmisor Lafayette , Torre 8 | 1918 o 1920 | Francia | Marcheprime | 250 metros | 820 pies | Uso militar tipo Annapolis de 3 lados | la última torre fue deconstruida en 1953 |
Transmisor de onda larga Junglinster , Torre 1 | 1932 | Luxemburgo | Junglinster | 250 metros | 820 pies | 3 lados, aislado contra el suelo | Las torres 2 y 3 se construyeron en una fecha posterior, las tres torres se redujeron en altura en 1983 [46] [47] a 216 m (709 pies) |
Transmisor de onda larga Junglinster , Tower 2 | 1954 | Luxemburgo | Junglinster | 250 metros | 820 pies | 3 lados, aislado contra el suelo | altura desde 1983; 216 m (709 pies) |
Transmisor de onda larga Junglinster , Tower 3 | 1959 | Luxemburgo | Junglinster | 250 metros | 820 pies | 3 lados, aislado contra el suelo | altura desde 1983; 216 m (709 pies) |
Torre de televisión de Novodnistrovsk [48] | 1987 | Ucrania | Dunaivtsi | 250 metros | 820 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Hanói [49] | 2013 | Vietnam | Hanoi | 250 metros | 820 pies | 4 lados, 4 patas | La torre de celosía más alta de Vietnam |
Torre de River Road [50] [51] | 1965 | EE.UU | Washington DC | 246,6 m | 809 pies | Tapa de candelabro de 3 lados | |
Torre digital Seto | 2011 | Japón | Seto | 244,7 metros | 803 pies | Mástil de celosía central sostenido por 6 patas exteriores | |
Torre de televisión de Vitebsk | 1983 | Bielorrusia | Vitebsk | 244 metros | 801 pies | Torre de celosía con arriostramiento superior de 4 lados, con una sección superior arriostrada con cuatro barras transversales horizontales | |
Torre de televisión Astara | 1981 | República de Azerbaiyán | Astara | 243,84 m | 800 pies | Torre de celosía con arriostramiento superior de 4 lados, con una sección superior arriostrada con cuatro barras transversales horizontales | |
Torre central (Königs Wusterhausen) | 1925 | Alemania | Koenigs Wusterhausen | 243 metros | 797 pies | 3 caras | colapsó durante la tormenta el 15 de noviembre de 1972 |
Torre de televisión de Yakutsk | mil novecientos ochenta y dos | Rusia | Yakutsk | 241,71 m | 793 pies | 4 caras | antena; 241,7 metros 793 pies, techo; 225,7 m 740 pies [52] |
Torre de televisión Birobidzhan [53] | 1972 | Rusia | Birobidzhan | 241 metros | 791 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Járkov | 1981 | Ucrania | Járkov | 240,7 metros | 790 pies | núcleo de acero sólido sostenido por un marco de celosía de 6 lados con 3 patas | |
Torre de televisión de Foshan [24] | ? | porcelana | Foshan | 238 metros | 781 pies | núcleo sólido sostenido por un marco de celosía de 8 lados con 4 patas, parte superior de 4 lados [54] | |
Torre de poder | 1988 | Filipinas | ciudad Quezon | 236,8 m | 777 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión del canal 9 [55] | 1965 | Australia | Sydney | 233 metros | 764 pies | 4 caras | torre de celosía más alta de Australia |
Transmisor Wavre | 1983 | Bélgica | Wavre | 232 metros | 761 pies | Torre de celosía con arriostramiento superior de 4 lados, con una sección superior arriostrada con cuatro barras transversales horizontales | torre de celosía más alta de Bélgica |
Torre conmemorativa de Hughes | 1989 | EE.UU | Washington DC | 232 metros | 761 pies | Diseño de torre emblemática | |
Torre de televisión de Qingdao | 1994 | porcelana | Qingdao | 232 metros | 761 pies | núcleo central sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados, parte superior de 4 lados | |
Torre de televisión WOR | 1949 | EE.UU | North Bergen, Nueva Jersey | 231,65 m | 760 pies | 4 caras | desmantelado después de ser golpeado por un avión en 1956 |
Torre de televisión de Hongguangshan [25] | ? | porcelana | Ürümqi | 230 metros | 754 pies | núcleo central sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados, parte superior de 4 lados | |
Torre KQTV | 1953 | EE.UU | San José, Misuri | 229 metros | 750 pies | Tipo pirámide de 4 lados | altura desde 2009; 587 pies (179 m) |
Torre de televisión WIVB [56] | 1948 | EE.UU | Buffalo, Nueva York | 226,2 metros | 742 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre TV5 [57] | ? | Bangkok | Tailandia | 225 metros | 740 pies | 3 caras | La torre de celosía más alta de Tailandia |
Torre WTRF-TV [58] | 1962 | EE.UU | Bridgeport, Ohio | 225 metros | 738 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Brasilia | 1967 | Brasil | Brasilia | 224 metros | 735 pies | 6 caras | |
Transmisor Millennium | 1969 | Filipinas | ciudad Quezon | 219,5 metros | 720 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Sahiwal [59] | 1970 | Pakistán | Sahiwal | 219,5 metros | 720 pies | 4 caras | estructura más alta de Pakistán |
Transmisor Crystal Palace | 1950 | Reino Unido | Londres | 219 metros | 719 pies | 4 caras | torre de celosía más alta de Inglaterra |
Torre de radio y televisión de Changchun [27] | 1997 | porcelana | Qingdao | 218 metros | 715 pies | núcleo sólido soportado por un marco de celosía de 6 lados, parte superior de 4 lados | |
Torre de televisión de Mediacorp | 2006 | Singapur | Bukit Batok | 217 metros | 712 pies | 4 lados, (1 ° 21'5.29 "N 103 ° 45'59.11" E) | construido sobre una colina, la altura desde el tramo más bajo es de 746 pies (227 m) |
Torre de televisión de Guangzhou | 1991 | porcelana | Guangzhou | 217 metros | 712 pies | 4 lados, 4 patas | |
Blosenbergturm | 1937 | Suiza | Beromünster | 216 metros | 709 pies | 4 caras | torre autorradiante aislada contra el suelo |
Torre de televisión de Deyang [60] | 1991 | porcelana | Deyang | 216 metros | 709 pies | 12 lados, 4 patas | |
Torre de TV del canal 7/10 [61] | 1965 | Australia | Sydney | 216 metros | 708 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión WBIR [62] | 1956 | EE.UU | Knoxville, Tennessee | 215,5 metros | 707 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión WTTG [63] | 1963 | EE.UU | Washington DC | 214,8 | 705 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Mariupol [64] | 1981 | Ucrania | Mariupol | 214 metros | 702 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Zlatoust [65] | 1983 | Rusia | Zlatoust | 213 metros | 699 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre TV Bandeirantes | 1997 | Brasil | Sao Paulo | 212 metros | 696 pies | Peso no ahusado de 4 lados; 650 toneladas | |
Torre de televisión WJLA [66] | 1972 | EE.UU | Washington DC | 210,9 | 692 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión Bol d'Air-Ougrée [67] | ? | Bélgica | Bol d'Air-Ougrée | 210 metros | 689 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Cherepovets [68] | 1969 | Rusia | Cherepovets | 208,5 metros | 684 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de TV KTWB [69] | 1979 | EE.UU | Seattle, Washington | 208 metros | 682 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión Khmelnytsky [70] | 1980 | Ucrania | Khmelnytskyi | 208 metros | 682 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Arkhangelsk [71] | 2004 | Rusia | Arkhangelsk | 208 metros | 682 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Cimişlia [72] | ? | Moldavia | Cimişlia | 208 metros | 682 pies | 4 caras | |
Transmisión de onda larga Novosemeykino, torre 1 [73] | 1943 | Rusia | Novosemeykino | 205 metros | 673 pies | 3 lados, uso militar | demolido en 2010, [74] autoradiado aislado contra el suelo |
Transmisión de onda larga Novosemeykino, torre 2 [73] | 1943 | Rusia | Novosemeykino | 205 metros | 673 pies | 3 lados, uso militar | demolido en 2010, [74] autoradiado aislado contra el suelo |
Transmisión de onda larga Novosemeykino, torre 3 [73] | 1943 | Rusia | Novosemeykino | 205 metros | 673 pies | 3 lados, uso militar | demolido en 2010, [74] autoradiado aislado contra el suelo |
Transmisión de onda larga Novosemeykino, torre 4 [73] | 1943 | Rusia | Novosemeykino | 205 metros | 673 pies | 3 lados, uso militar | demolido en 2010, [74] autoradiado aislado contra el suelo |
Torre de televisión Cesvaine [75] | ? | Letonia | Cesvaine | 204 metros | 669 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión Edineţ [76] | ? | Moldavia | Edineţ | 204 metros | 669 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Rezeknes [77] | ? | Letonia | Rezeknes | 204 metros | 669 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Valmieras [77] | ? | Letonia | Valmieras | 204 metros | 669 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Antananarivo [78] | ? | Madagascar | Antananarivo | 203 metros | 665 pies | ||
Estación de radio y televisión de Klaipeda [79] | 1960 | Lituania | Klaipeda | 202 metros | 663 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Daugavpils [80] | 1956 | Letonia | Daugavpils | 202 metros | 663 pies | 4 caras | la altura aumentó en 1989 |
Torre de televisión WRC [81] | 1989? | EE.UU | Washington DC | 201,8 metros | 662 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión del canal 10 de Brisbane [82] | ? | Australia | Brisbane | 201,8 metros | 662 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de Orión [83] [84] | 2001 | Rusia | Samara | 201 metros | 660 pies | Estructura hiperboloide | |
Torre de televisión WKBN [85] | 1976 | EE.UU | Youngstown, Ohio | 200,3 metros | 657 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Gomel [86] | 1957 | Bielorrusia | Homel | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Kirovohrad [87] | 1964 | Ucrania | Kropyvnytskyi | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Guangdong [28] | 1965 | porcelana | Guangdong | 200 metros | 656 pies | 8 caras | |
Torre de televisión WMBC [88] | 1965 | EE.UU | Montclair, Nueva Jersey | 200 metros | 656 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión en el monte Papula [89] | 1966 | Rusia | Vyborg | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión Khust [90] | 1975 | Ucrania | Khust | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de comunicación de Olevsk [91] | 1989 | Ucrania | Olevsk | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
VRT Zendmast Genk [92] | ? | Bélgica | Genk | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de Telecomunicaciones Ciurel [93] | ? | Rumania | Bucarest | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre transmisora TV5 [94] | ? | Filipinas | ciudad Quezon | 200 metros | 656 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre americana de San Petersburgo [95] | 1985 | EE.UU | San Petersburgo | 199,6 metros | 655 pies | 3 caras | |
Nueva torre de televisión de Krasnoyarsk [96] [97] | 2013 | Rusia | Krasnoyarsk | 199,4 metros | 654 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Odessa [98] | 1958 | Ucrania | Odessa | 199 metros | 653 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Kherson | 1994 | Ucrania | Kherson | 199 metros | 653 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Novosibirsk [99] | 1957 | Rusia | Novosibirsk | 198 metros | 650 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Voronezh [100] | 1958 | Rusia | Voronezh | 198 metros | 650 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Rádio Transamérica [101] | ? | Brasil | Sao Paulo | 198 metros | 650 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Krasnodar [102] | 1959 | Rusia | Krasnodar | 197 metros | 646 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Antigua torre de televisión de Ereván [103] | 1956 | Armenia | Ereván | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | fecha de demolición desconocida |
Torre de televisión de Chelyabinsk [104] | 1958 | Rusia | Chelyabinsk | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Transmisor del centro de televisión Penza [105] | 1958 | Rusia | Penza | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Rostov [106] | 1958 | Rusia | Rostov | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 lados, plataforma única 3803 KM [107] | |
Torre de televisión de Omsk [108] | 1959 | Kazajstán | Omsk | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Pärnu [109] | 1963 | Estonia | Pärnu | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión Cherkaska [110] | 1964 | Ucrania | Cherkaska | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión Bilopillia [111] | 1966 | Ucrania | Bilopillia | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión Trostianets [112] | 1985 | Ucrania | Trostianets | 196 m | 643 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de televisión Ivano-Frankivsk [113] | 1965 | Ucrania | Ivano-Frankivsk | 195 metros | 640 pies | 4 caras | |
Sky Tower Oeste de Tokio [114] | 1980 | Japón | Tokio | 195 metros | 640 pies | No ahusado de 8 lados | |
Torre de transmisión Mulhouse-Belvédère [114] | 1997 | Francia | Mulhouse | 195 metros | 640 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre en 3710 Marquis St [115] | 1992 | EE.UU | Garland, Texas | 194,2 m | 637 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Bryansk [116] | 1958 | Rusia | Bryansk | 194 metros | 637 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Dnipropetrovsk [117] | 1958 | Ucrania | Dnipropetrovsk | 194 metros | 637 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Lugansk [118] | 1958 | Ucrania | Lugansk | 194 metros | 637 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión Kamenske | 1965 | Ucrania | Kamenske | 194 metros | 637 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM [119] | |
Torre KSTW-TV [69] | 1979 | EE.UU | Seattle, Washington | 194 metros | 636 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Karaganda [120] | 19 | Kazajstán | Qaragandy | 194 metros | 635 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Mykolaiv [121] | 1958 | Ucrania | Mykolaiv | 193 metros | 633 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Bishkek [122] | 1958 | Kirguistán | Bishkek | 193 metros | 633 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de la estación de radio de Ulaanbaatar [123] [124] [ referencia circular ] | 1967 | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 193 metros | 633 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre KEZK-FM [125] | 1981 | EE.UU | San Luis, Misuri | 192,3 metros | 631 pies | 3 caras | |
Torre de televisión de Ekaterimburgo (antigua) [126] | 1955 | Rusia | Ekaterimburgo | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Donetsk 1 [127] | 1956 | Ucrania | Donetsk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras | |
Torre de comunicación de Bakú [128] | 1956 | Azerbaiyán | Bakú | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras | demolido en 2008 |
Torre de televisión de Irkutsk [129] | 1957 | Rusia | Irkutsk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Murmansk [130] | 1957 | Rusia | Murmansk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Lviv [131] | 1957 | Ucrania | Lviv | 192 metros | 630 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Simferopol [132] | 1958 | Rusia | Simferopol | 192 metros | 630 pies | Plataforma única de 4 lados, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Ulyanovsk [133] | 1959 | Rusia | Ulyanovsk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión Zaporizhzhya | 1959 | Ucrania | Zaporizhzhya | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 lados, 3803 KM [134] plataforma única | |
Torre de televisión de Lipetsk [135] | 1960 | Rusia | Lipetsk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de la Anunciación [136] | 1964 | Rusia | Blagovéshchensk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Abakan [137] | 1965 | Rusia | Abakan | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión antigua de Almaty [138] | ? | Kazajstán | Almaty | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Pavlodar [139] | ? | Kazajstán | Pavlodar | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Tomsk [140] | ? | Rusia | Tomsk | 192 metros | 630 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de televisión de Orissaare [141] | 1965 | Estonia | Orissaare | 191 metros | 627 pies | 4 caras, 3803 KM | |
Torre de radio de Leipzig [142] | 2015 | Alemania | Leipzig | 191 metros | 627 pies | 4 caras | |
Transmisor LORAN-C Carolina Beach | 1952 [143] | EE.UU | Carolina Beach, Carolina del Norte | 190,5 metros | 625 pies | collapsed caused by Hurricane Helene September 26, 1958 | |
Stonehenge Tower[144] | 1990 | USA | Portland, Oregon | 190.5 m | 625 ft | solid steel core supported by 3 legs | more likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower |
Transmitter Sottens, old transmission tower | 1948 | Switzerland | Sottens | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1989, mediumwave selfradiating tower insulated against ground |
Bratsk TV Tower[145] | 1963 | Russia | Bratsk | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
ATV10 Tower[146][147] | 1964 | Australia | Melbourne | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided | height increase of 10 m (33 ft) in 2001 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 1[148] | 1919 | USA | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 2 | 1919 | USA | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 3 | 1919 | USA | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower | 1948 | Canada | Cambridge Bay | 189 m | 620 ft | 4-sided | demolished in August 2014[149] |
Sottens Radio Tower | 1989 | Switzerland | Sottens | 188 m | 617 ft | 4-sided | mediumwave, selfradiating tower insulated against ground |
Soinaste Telemast[150] | 1957 | Estonia | Tartu | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Chisinau TV Tower[151] | 1958 | Moldova | Chisinau | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Petrozavodsk TV Tower[152] | 1959 | Russia | Petrozavodsk | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KIRO TV Tower[69] | 1958 | USA | Seattle, Washington | 186 m | 609 ft | 3-sided | |
Santa Palomba transmitter, Main Tower | ? | Italy | Santa Palomba | 186 m | 609 ft | 4-sided | equipped with cage antenna for mediumwave broadcasting |
Ovce Pole Radio Tower[153] | ? | Macedonia | Lozovo | 185 m | 608 ft | 4-sided | |
Semipalatinsk TV Tower[154] | ? | Kazakhstan | Semey | 185 m | 608 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Ekibastuz TV Tower[155] | 1967 | Kazakhstan | Ekibastuz | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Vlessart TV Tower[156] | ? | Belgium | Rue Vlessart Airmont Léglise | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided, horizontal bars of frame are fixed at the centre column | |
Anderlues TV Tower[157] | ? | Belgium | Anderlues | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 4800 Reagan Drive[158] | 2004 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 184.4 m | 605 ft | 3-sided | |
Brisbane ABQ TV Tower[159] | 1959 | Australia | Brisbane | 184.3 m | 605 ft | 4-sided | 27°27′52″S 152°56′51″E |
KWEX TV Tower[160] | 1998 | USA | San Antonio, Texas | 184.1 m | 604 ft | 3-sided | |
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 1[161] | 1913 | USA | Arlington, Virginia | 183 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | dismantled in 1941,[162] was the first of many US Naval radio transmitting station,[163] it was the tallest lattice tower in the United States when built and second tallest in the world after the Eiffel Tower the site also featured two 450-foot tall lattice towers which were possibly the 3rd and 4th tallest in the world at that time |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 1[164] | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | 6 towers on site built by the US Navy, began operations in 1912, tower possibly demolished in 1993, site returned to Panama in 1996[165] and station decommissioned by 1999[166] |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 2 | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 3 | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 4 | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 5 | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 6 | 1914 | USA (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 1[167] | 1915 | USA (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 2 | 1915 | USA (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971 |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 3 | 1915 | USA (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971 |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1[168] | 1917 | USA | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 | 1917 | USA | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995 |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 | 1917 | USA | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995 |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 1[169] | 1917 | USA | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936, the transmitters were later used at Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility[170] |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 2 | 1917 | USA | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936 |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 3 | 1917 | USA | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 1 | 1918 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969. The site originally had a total of 9 self-supporting 600-foot tall the most lattice towers of that height ever built in a single location. Four were built in 1918, two more in 1922 and the final three in 1938. The 6 towers built in 1918 & 1922 were demolished in 1969 while the 3 towers built in 1938 remain today.[171] Tied for tallest lattice towers in the United States from 1918 to 1949 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 2 | 1918 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 3 | 1918 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 4 | 1918 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 5 | 1922 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 6 | 1922 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 7[171] | 1938 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | 3 towers remaining, site previously had a total of 9 towers |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 8[171] | 1938 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 9[171] | 1938 | USA | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972, 7 possibly 8 towers[172][173] on site built by the US Navy, these were later replaced in 1972 with two 1,500-foot tall guyed masts[173] |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 4 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 5 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 6 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 7 | 1936 | USA | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 1 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 2 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 3 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission, Old Tower[174] | 1955 | France | Mulhouse | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1998 |
TV Tower RTPTS Berezniki[175] | 1961 | Russia | Berezniki | 183 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tower at 503 Mcarthur Drive[176] | 2016 | USA | New Bedford, Massachusetts | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 3-sided | |
Ryazan TV Tower[177] | 1956 | Russia | Ryazan | 182.5 m | 599 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Nizhny Novgorod TV Tower[178] | 1957 | Russia | Nizhny Novgorod | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Ufa TV Tower[179] | 1958 | Russia | Ufa | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Perm TV Tower[42] | 1958 | Russia | Perm | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kazan TV Tower[180] | 1959 | Russia | Kazan | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KSTP TV Tower[181] | 1948 | USA | Saint Paul, Minnesota | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided | |
Old WSTM-TV Tower[182] | 1953 | USA | Syracuse, New York | 181.0 m | 594 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2003 |
WQED TV Tower[183] | 1954 | USA | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
KCTS TV Tower Tower[69][184] | 1965 | USA | Seattle, Washington | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower on Mamayev Kurgan[185] | 1956 | Russia | Volgograd | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Vladimirskaya TV Tower[186] | 1956 | Russia | Vladimirskaya | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Krasnoyarsk TV Tower[97] | 1957 | Russia | Krasnoyarsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Samara TV Tower[187] | 1957 | Russia | Samara | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kemerovo TV Tower[188] | 1958 | Russia | Kemerovo | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Sochi TV Tower[189] | 1958 | Russia | Sochi | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KRTPTS Eagle's Nest[190] | 1959 | Russia | Vladivostok | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Arzamas TV Tower[191] | 1960 | Russia | Arzamas | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tambov TV Tower[192] | 1960 | Russia | Tambov | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Yoshkar-Ola TV Tower[193] | 1960 | Russia | Yoshkar-Ola | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Astrakhan TV Tower[194] | 1961 | Russia | Astrakhan | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Cheboksary TV Tower[195] | 1961 | Russia | Cheboksary | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kurgan TV Tower[196] | 1961 | Russia | Kurgan | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Leninsk-Kuznetsky TV Tower[197] | 1962 | Russia | Leninsk-Kuznetsky | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Magnitogorsk TV Tower[198] | 1962 | Russia | Magnitogorsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Novokuznetsk TV Tower[199] | 1962 | Russia | Novokuznetsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tula TV Tower[200][201] | 1963 | Russia | Tula | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Khabarovsk TV Tower[202] | 1964 | Russia | Khabarovsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Syktyvkar TV Tower[203] | 1964 | Russia | Syktyvkar | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Donetsk TV Tower 2[204] | 1964 | Ukraine | Donetsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Yarok TV and Radio Tower | 1964 | Ukraine | Yarok | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[205] | |
Kokshetau TV Tower[206] | 1965 | Kazakhstan | Kokshetau | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided with lateral supports added in 2002 for vertical stability after washout[207] | |
Nalchik TV Tower[208] | 1967 | Russia | Nalchik | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Andriivka TV Tower[209] | 1969 | Ukraine | Andriivka | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided | |
Kotovsk Communication Tower[210] | 1972 | Ukraine | Vesternychany | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Mezhdurechenskaya TV tower[211] | 1972 | Russia | Mezhdurechensk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Chongqing Radio & TV Tower[212] | 1973 | China | Yuzhong, Chongqing CQ | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided | |
Kuldiga TV Tower[213] | ? | Latvia | Kuldiga | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Uralsvyazinform tower[42][214] | 2003 | Russia | Perm | 180 m | 591 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
Aktobe TV Tower[215] | ? | Kazakhstan | Aktobe | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower[216] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Petropavlovsk TV Tower[217] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Makhachkala TV Tower[218] | ? | Russia | Makhachkala | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[219] | |
Tobolsk TV Tower[220] | ? | Russia | Tobolsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tyumen TV Tower[221] | ? | Russia | Tyumen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tashkent Old TV Tower[222] | ? | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Gyumri TV Tower[223] | ? | Armenia | Gyumri | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Nagoya TV Tower | 1954 | Japan | Nagoya | 180 m | 590 ft | 4-sided | |
Smolensk TV Tower[224] | 1957 | Russia | Smolensk | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Funabashi Miyama Broadcasting Station A Radio Tower[225] | 1970 | Japan | Tokyo | 180 m | 590 ft | 4-sided | |
KDFW TV Tower[226] | 1949 | USA | Dallas, Texas | 179 m | 587 ft | 4-sided | current height 149.8 m (491 ft) |
WTOB Radio Tower[227][228] | 1953 | USA | Winston-Salem, North Carolina | 178.61 m | 586 ft | 3-sided | demolition date unknown |
1230 East Mermaid Lane Tower[229] | 1957 | USA | Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania | 178 m | 585 ft | 3-sided | |
WTNV Tower[230] | 1947 | USA | Jackson, Tennessee | 176.8 m | 580 ft | 4-sided | collapsed caused by tornado on May 4, 2003 |
KGO-TV Tower[231] | 1949 | USA | San Francisco, California | 176.8 m | 580 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1972 to make way for the Sutro Tower |
Ministry of Defense Building B[232] | 1996 | Japan | Tokyo | 177 m | 580 ft | 12-sided, built on top of a building | total height including building is 722 ft (220 m) |
Balashikha Tower[233] | ? | Russia | Balashikha | 176 m | 577 ft | 4-sided non-tapering | |
Old WLWT TV Tower[234][235] | 1948 | USA | Cincinnati | 173.7 m | 570 ft | 4-sided | dismantled in 2005, replaced by the WLWT TV Tower |
KING TV Tower[69] | 1952 | USA | Seattle, Washington | 174 m | 570 ft | 4-sided | |
KGHL Tower[236][237] | 1928 | USA | Billings | 173 m | 568 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 2020 |
Hirano Radio Tower[238] | 1971 | Japan | Saitama | 173 m | 568 ft | solid central core supported with 4 legs, | central core possibly made out of concrete? |
WDET Tower[69] | 1996 | USA | Detroit, Michigan | 172.5 m | 566 ft | 3-sided | |
KOMO TV Tower[69] | 1952 | USA | Seattle, Washington | 172 m | 564 ft | 3-sided | |
Yokohama Radio Tower | ? | Japan | Yokohama | 172 m | 564 ft | 4-sided | 35°31'28.15"N 139°39'50.84"E |
Original TCN TV Tower[239] | 1956 | Australia | Sydney | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1966 |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 1 | 1956[240] | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | 4 identical towers[241] |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 2 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 3 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 4 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Hearst Stations Tower[242] | 1957 | USA | Sacramento, California | 170.2 m | 558 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2740 South Freeway[243] | 1992 | USA | Fort Worth, Texas | 170.1 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
WHHL-FM Tower[244] | 2008 | USA | St. Louis, Missouri | 170.1 m | 558 ft | 3-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 5[245] | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 6[245] | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
Gore Hill ABC TV Tower[246] | 1957[247] | Australia | Sydney | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
VRT Zendmast Oostvleteren | ? | Belgium | Oostvleteren | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
WTVH TV Tower[248] | 1948 | USA | Syracuse, New York | 169.5 m | 556 ft | 4-sided | |
KSAT TV Tower[249] | 1957 | USA | San Antonio, Texas | 168.9 m | 554 ft | 3-sided | |
Gaocheng TV Tower[250] | ? | China | Gaocheng | 168 m | 551 ft | ||
WWVR Tower[251] | 1954 | USA | Terre Haute, Indiana | 167.6 m | 550 ft | 3-sided | |
Yiye Avila Tower[252] | 1991 | USA | Utuado, Puerto Rico | 167 m | 548 ft | Landmark tower design | collapsed caused by Hurricane Maria September 2017[253] |
VRT Zendmast Schoten | ? | Belgium | Schoten | 167 m | 548 ft | 4-sided | |
KNBC Mount Wilson Tower[254] | 1998 | USA | Mount Wilson, California | 166 m | 545 ft | 4-sided | |
CBC Jarvis St. Tower | 1952 | Canada | Toronto | 164.6 m | 540 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2002 |
RTBF Profondeville | ? | Belgium | Riviere | 164 m | 538 ft | ||
KCCI TV Tower[255] | 1985 | USA | Des Moines, Iowa | 163.6 m | 537 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Tower Tournai-Froidmont | 1967 | Belgium | Tournai-Froidmont | 163 m | 535 ft | 4-sided | |
WJAR TV Tower[256] | 2013 | USA | Rehoboth, Massachusetts | 162.7 m | 534 ft | 4-sided | |
WRAT Tower[257] | ? | USA | Lake Como, NJ | 162.5 m | 533 ft | 3-sided | |
WXRT Tower[258] | 1971 | USA | Chicago, Illinois | 162.2 m | 532 ft | 3-sided | |
Higashiyama TV Tower[259] | 1969 | Japan | Nagoya | 162 m | 532 ft | 4-sided | |
WOWT TV Tower[260] | 1949 | USA | Omaha, Nebraska | 161.6 m | 530 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2599 Palumbo Drive[261] | 1991 | USA | Lexington, Kentucky | 161.5 m | 530 ft | 3-sided, 8-sided top | |
Ishikawa TV Broadcasting Tower | Japan | Kanazawa | 162 m | 530 ft | solid steel core supported by a 8-sided non-tapering lattice | 36°35'17.37"N 136°36'21.62"E | |
Martina Franca Tower 1[262] | ? | Italy | Martina Franca | 161 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
WIZF Tower[263][264] | 1976 | USA | Cincinnati, Ohio | 160.9 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
KDNL TV Tower[265][266] | 1947 | USA | Saint Louis, Missouri | 160.8 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
Shukhov radio Tower | 1922 | Russia | Moscow | 160 m | 525 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
Luch Tower 1[267] | 1954 | Ukraine | Luch | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Luch Tower 2[267] | 1954 | Ukraine | Luch | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 210 R.Bruxeias[268] | 1983 | Brazil | São Paulo | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | 23°32'36.94"S 46°40'58.31"W |
Tverskaya TV Tower[269] | 2005 | Russia | Tverskaya | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Torre da TV Bahia[270] | ? | Brazil | Salvador | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Canal Tower 4 (Tres Cruces)[271] | ? | Uruguay | Montevideo | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Tower[272] | 1970 | Canada | Toronto | 160 m | 524 ft | 3-sided non-tapering | |
Ural TV Tower[273] | ? | Kazakhstan | Uralsk | 160 m | 524 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
City of Dallas Tower[274] | 1983 | USA | Dallas, Texas | 159.4 m | 523 ft | 4-sided | |
WSAV TV Tower[265][275] | 1956 | USA | Savannah, Georgia | 159.1 m | 522 ft | 3-sided | |
Chernihiv TV Tower[276] | 1959 | Ukraine | Chernihiv | 159 m | 522 ft | 4-sided | |
Telecomm Antenna[277] | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 159 m | 522 ft | 4-sided | |
To Kannondomachi TV Tower | Japan | Kanazawa | 159.5 m | 520 ft | 4-sided | 36°35'22.37"N 136°36'28.83"E | |
WLLY Tower[278][279] | 1995 | USA | Mangonia Park, Florida | 158.2 m | 519 ft | Landmark tower design | |
Zendmast Zichtenburg[280] | 2007 | Netherlands | The Hague | 158 m | 518 ft | 3-sided | |
Skytel Tower[281][282] | 2004 | USA | Des Moines | 157.8 m | 518 ft | 3-sided | |
WHIO (AM) Tower[283] | 1948 | USA | Dayton, Ohio | 157.6 m | 517 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2013[284] |
CFCN TV Tower | 1960 | Canada | Calgary | 157.6 m | 517 ft | 3-sided | |
RaTel Tower[285] | 1950 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 157 m | 515 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 47 S State Avenue[286][287] | 1991 | USA | Indianapolis, Indiana | 155.4 m | 510 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1220 S Acacia Avenue[288] | 1994 | USA | Ripon, California | 155.4 m | 510 ft | 3-sided | |
Mesquite Tower | 1990 | USA | Mesquite, Texas | 155.3 m | 509.5 ft | Landmark tower design | |
KETV TV Tower[289] | 1957 | USA | Omaha, Nebraska | 155.1 m | 509 ft | 3-sided | |
RTS TV Tower | 1981 | Singapore | Bukit Batok | 155 m | 509 ft | 4-sided | replaced the original tower built in 1963[290] |
Torre da TV Cultura[291][292] | 1992 | Brazil | São Paulo | 154.8 m | 508 ft | 3-sided, rotating 180 degrees on its axis 3 times | |
Telecomm Antenna | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 155 m | 508 ft | 4-sided | 22°56'59.59"S 43°13'46.44"W |
NOVEC Toren[293] | 2005 | Netherlands | Zwolle | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 4344 Park Heights Avenue[294] | 1987 | USA | Baltimore, Maryland | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 78 Veronica Avenue[295] | 2013 | USA | Franklin Township, New Jersey | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Washington Police Department Tower[296] | ? | USA | Washington, DC | 154.3 m | 506 ft | 4-sided | |
WSB TV Tower[297] | 1975 | USA | Atlanta, Georgia | 154.2 m | 506 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1420 R.Americo Salgado | ? | Brazil | Cuiaba | 154.2 m | 506 ft | 4-sided | 15°35'12.57"S 56° 5'36.58"W |
Old KLDT TV Tower[298] | 1990 | USA | Lewisville, Texas | 153.6 m | 504 ft | 3-sided | |
WOAI TV Tower[299][300] | 2010 | USA | San Antonio, Texas | 153.3 m | 503 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Bandeirantes Antenna[301] | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 153.3 m | 503 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 26501 Renaissance Parkway[302] | 1990 | USA | Cleveland, Ohio | 153 m | 502 ft | 3-sided | |
WRDW TV Tower[303] | 1998 | USA | Augusta, Georgia | 152.7 m | 501 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1060 Gatewood Avenue[304] | 2019 | USA | Greensboro, North Carolina | 152.7 m | 501 ft | 3-sided | |
Original ATN TV Tower[305] | 1956 | Australia | Sydney | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1973 |
Croydon Transmitter | 1962 | UK | London, Surrey | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
IBC Tower[306] | 1978 | Philippines | Quezon City | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 4802 Lookaway Drive[307] | 1987 | USA | Cincinnati, Ohio | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
PTV Television Transmitter[308] | 1993 | Philippines | Quezon City | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 1350 Howell Mill Road[309] | 1995 | USA | Atlanta, Georgia | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
WPTK (850 AM) Tower[310] | 1996 | USA | Cary, North Carolina | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 15 Van Dyke Avenue[311] | 1999 | USA | New Brunswick, New Jersey | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 180 Freeman Avenue[312] | 2000 | USA | Islip, NY | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Cleveland Buckeye Terminals Tower[313] | 2000 | USA | Cleveland, Ohio | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1810 Jeffries[314] | 2000 | USA | Dallas, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Susquehanna Radio Corp Tower[315] | 2001 | USA | Dallas, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2949 2/3 Carr Street[316] | 2001 | USA | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 5109 Carder Road[317] | 2004 | USA | Orlando, Florida | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Globo Digital Tower | 2006 | Brazil | Sao Paulo | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided, built on top of a building | Height confirmed by google earth 3 dimensional building data, location; 23°34'4.36"S 46°39'1.65"W |
Tower at 5320 Shepard Drive[318] | 2008 | USA | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2500 Se Loop 820[319] | 2011 | USA | Fort Worth, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
City of Conroe Fire Dept. Tower[320] | 2011 | USA | Spring, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 6922 Katy Road[321] | 2012 | USA | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
San Antonio Police Department Tower[322] | 2012 | USA | San Antonio, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Indian River State College Tower[323] | 2013 | USA | Fort Pierce, Florida | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 19 Oldham Street[324] | 2017 | USA | Nashville, TN | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
RKS Mělník-Chloumek | ? | Czech Republic | Mělník | 152 m | 500 ft | 4 sided non-tapering | used for Mediumwave |
RKS Dobrochov[325] | ? | Czech Republic | Dobrochov | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided non-tapering | Mediumwave |
Antena Califormula Broadcasting[326] | ? | Mexico | Tijuana | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Federal Hill Road Tower[327] | 1970 | USA | Pompton Lakes, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
WHBF TV Tower[328] | 1950 | USA | Rock Island, Illinois | 152 m | 499 ft | 4-sided | |
WAFB TV Tower[329] | 1951 | USA | Baton Rouge, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | second source lists the tower as being 475 ft tall[330] |
Tower at 375 Midland Avenue[331] | 1981 | USA | Detroit, Michigan | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
WMUZ Tower[332] | 1985 | USA | Detroit, Michigan | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
L3Harris Technologies Tower[332] | 1992 | USA | Key Largo, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 11149 Trinity Blvd[333] | 1997 | USA | Fort Worth, Texas | 152.2 m | 499 ft | 4-sided candelabra top | |
WQNC-FM Tower[334] | 2000 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 152.2 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Charlotte American Tower[335][336] | 2001 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 151 m | 499 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
Tower at 14247 Old St. Augustine Road[337] | 2002 | USA | Jacksonville, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Cumulus Media Tower[338][339] | 2004 | USA | Shreveport, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | Landmark tower design | |
WPEC TV Tower[340] | 2008 | USA | West Palm Beach, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 1[341] | 2009 | USA | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | 3 towers |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 2[342] | 2009 | USA | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 3[343] | 2009 | USA | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 4098 Rolling Stone Lane[344] | 2012 | USA | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower off Schumacher Road[345] | 2013 | USA | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1340 West Outer 21 Road[346] | 2013 | USA | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
AR & JR Radio Tower[347] | 2017 | USA | Austin, Texas | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
City of Chesapeake Tower[348][349] | 2018 | USA | Chesapeake, Virginia | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
City of Jackson Tower[350] | ? | USA | Jackson, Mississippi | 152 m | 499 ft | Landmark tower design | |
Tower at 2060 15th Avenue South[351][352] | 1999 | USA | Nashville, Tennessee | 151.8 m | 498 ft | 3-sided | |
4 Broadcast Place Tower[353][354] | 1988 | USA | Jacksonville, Florida | 151.6 m | 497 ft | 3-sided | |
WETA TV Tower[355] | ? | USA | Arlington, Virginia | 151 m | 495 ft | 3-sided | |
Houdeng TV Tower | ? | Belgium | Houdeng | 151 m | 495 ft | 4-sided | |
Tour Dégueu[356] | ? | Belgium | Leglise-Anlier | 151 m | 495 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | |
Tower at 1450 Westpark Way[357] | 1996 | USA | Fort Worth, Texas | 150.6 m | 494 ft | 4-sided candelabra top | |
Old Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower[216] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 151 m | 494 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened | |
Tower at 67315 Kirkwood Heights Road[358] | 2005 | USA | Brookside, Ohio | 150.3 m | 493 ft | 3-sided | |
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 1 | 1927 | Finland | Lahti | 150 m | 492 ft | two towers carrying an antenna for longwave | |
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 2 | 1927 | Finland | Lahti | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 1 | 1931 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, antenna for longwave | demolished in 2004 |
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 2 | 1931 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, antenna for longwave | demolished in 2004 |
Mannesmann Tower (Vienna)[359] | 1955 | Austria | Vienna | 150 m | 492 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1987 |
Vorkuta TV Tower[360] | 1958 | Russia | Vorkuta | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened | |
Novgorod TV Tower[361] | 1958 | Russia | Novgorod | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
Yokohama Media Tower[362] | 1999 | Japan | Yokohama | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided non-tapering, built on top of a building | total height including building is 253 m (830 ft)[363] |
Halle Radio Tower | 2005 | Germany | Halle | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
WGTK-FM Tower[364] | 2007 | USA | Greenville, South Carolina | 149.9 m | 492 ft | 3-sided | |
New Ufa TV Tower[179] | 2016 | Russia | Ufa | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
RPN Transmitter Tower[365] | ? | Philippines | Quezon City | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
KBC tower | ? | Japan | Fukuoka | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | 33°35'45.77"N 130°23'44.05"E |
NHK/Tohoku/East Japan Broadcasting Tower[366] | ? | Japan | Sendai | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided |
Electrical Pylons
List of Electrical pylons above 150 m / 500 ft in height.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower[17] | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 m | 1247 ft | Tallest pylons in the world |
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie | 2009 | China | Damao Island | 370 m | 1214 ft | |
Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin | 2003 | China | Jiangyin | 346.5m | 1137 ft | |
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line | 2012 | Brazil | Almeirim | 295 m | 968 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in South America |
Yangtze River crossing of Shanghai-Huainan Powerline | 2013 | China | Gaogouzhen | 269.75 | 885 ft | |
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing | 1987 | China | Pearl River | 253 m & 240 m | 830 ft & 787 ft | |
Orinoco River Crossing | ? | Venezuela | Caroní | 240 m | 787 ft | |
Hooghly River Crossing | ? | India | Diamond Harbour | 236 m | 774 ft | |
Pylons of Messina | 1957 | Italy | Messina | 232 m | 761 ft | not used as pylons any more, 224 m not including concrete base |
HVDC Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu | 2003 | China | Wuhu | 229 m | 751 ft | Tallest electricity pylons used for HVDC |
Elbe Crossing 2 | 1976–1978 | Germany | Stade | 227 m | 744 ft | |
Chūshi Powerline Crossing | 1962 | Japan | Takehara | 226 m | 742 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in Japan |
Daqi-Channel-Crossing | 1997 | Japan | Takehara | 223 m | 732 ft | |
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal | 1998 | Egypt | 221 m | 725 ft | ||
Yamen Steel Tube Tower[367][368] | 2005 | China | Jiangmen | 215 m | 707 ft | |
Yangzi River Crossing of HVDC Xianjiaba – Shanghai[20] | 2009 | China | ??? | 202 m | 663 ft | |
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower East | ? | Russia | Balakovo | 197 m | 646 ft | |
LingBei-Channel-Crossing | 1993 | Japan | Reihoku | 195 m | 640 ft | |
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 2 | 2019 | Belgium | Antwerpen | 192 m | 630 ft | Second crossing of Schelde River |
400 kV Thames Crossing | 1965 | UK | West Thurrock | 190 m | 623 ft | |
Elbe Crossing 1 | 1958–1962 | Germany | Stade | 189 m | 620 ft | |
Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower[369] | 1994 | Japan | Okayama | 185 m | 607 ft | |
Antwerp Deurganck dok crossing | 2000 | Belgium | Antwerpen | 178 m | 584 ft | Crossing for a container quay |
Línea de Transmisión Carapongo – Carabayllo | 2015 | Perú | Lima | 176 m | 577 ft | Crossing of Rimac River |
Tracy Saint Lawrence River Powerline Crossing | ? | Canada | Tracy | 174.6 m | 573 ft | tallest electricity pylon in Canada |
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing[370] | ? | Belgium | Antwerp | 170 m | 558 ft | |
Sunshine Mississippi Powerline Crossing | 1967 | United States | St. Gabriel, Louisiana | 164.6 m | 540 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in the United States |
Lekkerkerk Crossing 1 | 1970 | Netherlands | Lekkerkerk | 163 m | 534 ft | Tallest crossing in the Netherlands |
Bosporus overhead line crossing III | 1999 | Turkey | Istanbul | 160 m | 525 ft | |
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower West | ? | Russia | Balakovo | 159 m | 522 ft | |
Pylons of Cadiz | ? | Spain | Cadiz | 158 m | 519 ft | |
Mississippi River Crossing at Montz[371] | 1991 | USA | Montz | 152.1 m | 499 ft | |
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line at Jurupari island | 2012 | Brazil | Almeirim | 150 m | 492 ft | |
Maracaibo Bay Powerline Crossing | ? | Venezuela | Maracaibo | 150 m | 492 ft | Towers on caissons |
Wind turbines
Tall wind turbines supported by lattice tallest have been built almost exclusively in Germany, one of the first countries in the world to build wide spread renewable power resources. The total height includes the lattice tower and the wind turbine rotor at peak height.
List of wind turbines with a lattice tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | meters | feet | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines | 2012 | Poland | Nowy Tomyśl, Poland | 210 m | 689 ft | 160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m |
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow | 2006 | Germany | Laasow, Brandenburg | 205 m | 673 ft | 160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m |
Fuhrländer Wind Turbines Spremberg | 2009 | Germany | Spremberg, Brandenburg | 191 m | 627 ft | 141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 9 units |
Laubersreuth Fuhrländer Wind Turbines | 2010 | Germany | Münchberg, Bavaria | 191 m | 627 ft | 141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 2 units |
Ewiger Fuhrmann Vestas V66 Wind Turbine | Germany | Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m | |
Oyten Vestas V-66 Wind Turbines | 2000/2002 | Germany | Oyten, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 2 units |
Elspe Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbine | 2001 | Germany | Elspe, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Melle Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2001/2003 | Germany | Melle, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units |
Heisberg Südwind S77 Wind Turbine | 2002 | Germany | Freudenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Wallmersbach Südwind S77 Wind Turbine | 2002 | Germany | Uffenheim, Bavaria | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Achim Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Achim, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 3 units |
Badbergen Südwind S70\1500 wind turbines | 2002 | Germany | Badbergen, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units |
Dinklage Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Dinklage, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 5 units |
Beedenbostel Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Beedenbostel, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 5 units |
Büddenstedt Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Helmstedt, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Schwagstorf Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Ostercappeln, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units |
Kamp-Lintfort Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2003 | Germany | Kamp-Lintfort, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Wetzdorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2003 | Germany | Wetzdorf, Thuringia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Hilgershausen Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2003/ 2004 | Germany | Felsberg, Hesse | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Kirchlinteln Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2004 | Germany | Kirchlinteln, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 4 units |
Dretzen Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines | 2005 | Germany | Dretzen, Brandenburg | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 10 units |
Bad Laer Nordex N90 Wind Turbine | 2005 | Germany | Bad Laer, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m |
Achmer Nordex N90 wind turbines | 2006 | Germany | Achmer, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 9 units |
Alfhausen Nordex N90 wind turbines | Germany | Alfhausen, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 12 units | |
Nike Laakdal Wind Park | 2006 | Belgium | Laakdal | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units |
Voltlage Nordex S77 wind turbines | 2006 | Germany | Voltlage, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 7 units |
Pattensen REpower MD77 Wind Turbine | 2007 | Germany | Pattensen, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m |
Kölkebeck REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2007 | Germany | Kölkebeck, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Schorbus REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2007 | Germany | Schorbus, Brandenburg | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Illerich Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines | 2005 | Germany | Illerich, Rheinland-Pfalz | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Glandorf Fuhrländer FL 70 Wind Turbine | 2003 | Germany | Glandorf, Lower Saxony | 149.5 m | 491 ft | 114.5 m talltower, rotor diameter of 70 m |
Chimneys/Smokestacks
The majority of tall lattice chimneys in the world are located in Japan. Unlike other modern developed countries which use reinforced concrete to build tall chimneys Japan has historically used steel until recently for chimney construction.
List of lattice stacks above 150 m /492 ft in height.
indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kashima Power Station, stack 1 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 231 m | 758 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944 |
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney[372][373] | 2003 | Japan | Hitachinaka | 230 m | 754 ft | Hyperboloid structure |
Schilling Power Plant Chimney[374] | 1962 | Germany | Stade | 220 m | 722 ft | Demolished in 2005 |
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1[375] | Belgium | Antwerp | 211 m | 694 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2[376] | Belgium | Antwerp | 205 m | 673 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3[377] | Belgium | Antwerp | 204 m | 669 ft | ||
Kashima Kyodo power station | Japan | Kashima | 203 m | 665 ft | 35°56′31″N 140°41′19″E / 35.94194°N 140.68861°E / 35.94194; 140.68861 | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 1[378] | Japan | Chiba | 201 m | 660 ft | 35°34′21″N 140°5′12″E / 35.57250°N 140.08667°E / 35.57250; 140.08667 | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667 | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667 | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667 | |
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[379] | Japan | Fukuyama | 200 m | 656 ft | No. 5 Sintering Plant | |
Futtsu Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Futtsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Futtsu Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Futtsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daini Power Station | Japan | Himeji | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°46′19″N 134°41′38″E / 34.77194°N 134.69389°E / 34.77194; 134.69389 | |
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daiichi Power Station | Japan | Himeji | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°46′21″N 134°39′57″E / 34.77250°N 134.66583°E / 34.77250; 134.66583 | |
Kashima Power Station, stack 2 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944 |
Kashima Power Station, stack 3 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944 |
Hikari Area Yamaguchi Works | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°55′34″N 140°40′40″E / 35.92611°N 140.67778°E / 35.92611; 140.67778 | |
Kimitsu Steel Works | Japan | Kimitsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Kyushudenryoku Shinkokura Power Station[380] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Tobata Co-operative Thermal Power Co., Ltd.[381] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Nippon Steel Nagoya Works | Japan | Nagoya | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°2′22″N 136°52′27″E / 35.03944°N 136.87417°E / 35.03944; 136.87417 | |
Kansai Denryoku Kanagawa Power Station | Japan | Sennan | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°19′24″N 135°7′48″E / 34.32333°N 135.13000°E / 34.32333; 135.13000 | |
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Sodegaura | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Sodegaura | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Stadtwerketurm[382] | 1967 | Germany | Duisburg | 200 m | 656 ft | Lattice section is only the upper 135 m / 443 ft, partially dismantled and no longer in use |
Sinter Plant (Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Corp) | Japan | Kitakyushu | 198 m | 649 ft | 33°55′30″N 130°51′3″E / 33.92500°N 130.85083°E / 33.92500; 130.85083 | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 2[378] | Japan | Chiba | 190 m | 630 ft | 35°34′33″N 140°5′57″E / 35.57583°N 140.09917°E / 35.57583; 140.09917 | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 3[378] | Japan | Chiba | 189 m | 628 ft | 35°34′17″N 140°5′16″E / 35.57139°N 140.08778°E / 35.57139; 140.08778 | |
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department[383][circular reference] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 189 m | 620 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4[384] | Belgium | Antwerp | 185 m | 607 ft | ||
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 1[385] | Japan | Ichihara | 183 m | 599 ft | 35°29′5″N 140°2′2″E / 35.48472°N 140.03389°E / 35.48472; 140.03389 | |
Yokkaichi Kombinato petrochemical processing facilities | Japan | Yokkaichi | 182 m | 598 ft | 34°59′0″N 136°39′23″E / 34.98333°N 136.65639°E / 34.98333; 136.65639 | |
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Goikaryoku | 181 m | 593 ft | 35°32′49″N 140°4′11″E / 35.54694°N 140.06972°E / 35.54694; 140.06972 | |
Sulfuric Acid Workshop Chimney[386] | 1980 | Ukraine | Konstantinovka | 180 m | 592 ft | demolished in 2018 |
1st Chimney of SK-46[387] | 1984 | Ukraine | Zhovti Vody | 180 m | 591 ft | demolished in 2015 |
2nd Chimney of SK-46[388] | 1987 | Ukraine | Zhovti Vody | 180 m | 591 ft | |
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department[383][circular reference] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 180 m | 591 ft | ||
Kashima Iron Works power station | Japan | Kashima | 180 m | 591 ft | 35°56′49″N 140°41′19″E / 35.947067°N 140.688737°E / 35.947067; 140.688737 | |
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant,[389] stack 1 | Japan | Kainan | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant, stack 2 | Japan | Kainan | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Osaka | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Osaka | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Dengan Kaihatsu Takasago Karyoku Power Station | Japan | Takasago | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°35′13″N 134°45′55″E / 34.58694°N 134.76528°E / 34.58694; 134.76528 | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2020 | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2021 | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2021 | |
Onahama Smelting Co., Ltd[390] | Japan | Onahama | 170 m | 559 ft | 36°56′37″N 140°52′53″E / 36.94361°N 140.88139°E / 36.94361; 140.88139 | |
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[379] | Japan | Fukuyama | 166 m | 545 ft | ||
Chimney of UkrZinc[391] | Ukraine | Konstantinovka | 165 m | 541 ft | demolished | |
Kimitsu Steel Works | Japan | Kimitsu | 162 m | 531 ft | ||
Osaka Refinery, stack 1 | Japan | Osaka | 162 m | 530 ft | 34°31′57″N 135°24′44″E / 34.53250°N 135.41222°E / 34.53250; 135.41222 | |
Osaka Refinery, stack 2 | Japan | Osaka | 162 m | 530 ft | 34°31′59″N 135°24′32″E / 34.53306°N 135.40889°E / 34.53306; 135.40889 | |
Nitric Acid Shop Chimney[392] | Ukraine | Siverodonetsk | 155 m | 509 ft | ||
JFE East Japan Works, stack 4[378] | Japan | Chiba | 151 m | 495 ft | 35°34′41″N 140°5′36″E / 35.57806°N 140.09333°E / 35.57806; 140.09333 | |
Yutaka Chemical Mizushima Plant | Japan | Kurashiki | 151 m | 495 ft | 34°30′52″N 133°43′40″E / 34.51444°N 133.72778°E / 34.51444; 133.72778 | |
Legnica Copper Smelter[393] | Poland | Legnica | 150 m | 493 ft | ||
RK Saltivska Chimney[394] | 1969 | Ukraine | Kharkiv | 150 m | 492 ft | |
Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk[395] | Ukraine | Siverodonetsk | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[379] | Japan | Fukuyama | 150 m | 492 ft | No. 4 Sintering Plant | |
Setouchi Joint Thermal Power Co., Ltd.[396] | Japan | Fukuyama | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Goikaryoku | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°32′54″N 140°4′21″E / 35.54833°N 140.07250°E / 35.54833; 140.07250 | |
COSMO Oil refinery | Japan | Goikaryoku | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°32′31″N 140°4′34″E / 35.54194°N 140.07611°E / 35.54194; 140.07611 | |
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 1 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°30′58″N 140°2′48″E / 35.51611°N 140.04667°E / 35.51611; 140.04667 | |
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 2 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°30′59″N 140°2′58″E / 35.51639°N 140.04944°E / 35.51639; 140.04944 | |
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 2 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°29′11″N 140°2′11″E / 35.48639°N 140.03639°E / 35.48639; 140.03639 | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 4 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 5 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 6 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083 | |
Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen[397] | 2009 | Poland | Plock | 147 m | 481 ft |
Oil Platforms
List of oil platforms with a steel jacket above 300 m / 1000 ft in height.
Name | Year | Built in | Current location | Height m | Height ft | Type | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petronius Compliant Tower | 2000 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 640 | 2,100 | Compliant tower | Tallest freestanding structure in the world 2000-2008 |
Baldpate Compliant Tower | 1998 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 581.5 | 1,908 | Compliant tower | Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1998-2000 |
Bullwinkle Platform | 1989 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 529 | 1,736 | Truss tower | Tallest fixed/rigged freestanding structure built in water |
Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform[6] | 2008 | USA | Congo basin | 512 | 1,680 | Compliant tower | |
Pompano Platform | 1994 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 477 | 1,565 | Truss tower | |
Tombua Landana platform[9] | 2009 | USA | Congo basin | 474 | 1,554 | Compliant tower | |
Coelacanth Platform[14] | 2016 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 400 | 1,312 | Truss tower | |
Cognac Platform[15] | 1977 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 385.5 | 1,265 | Fixed truss tower | |
Harmony Platform[12] | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 366 | 1,200 | Fixed truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Hondo Platform[19] | 1976 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 354.5 | 1,163 | Truss tower | |
Virgo Platform[12] | 1999 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 344 | 1,130 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Cerveza Platform[21] | 1981 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | Truss tower | |
Cerveza Light Platform[21] | 1981 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | Truss tower | |
Heritage Platform[12] | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 326 | 1,070 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Amberjack Platform[12] | 1991 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 314 | 1,030 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Jackup Rigs
List of jackup rigs above 150 m (490 ft) in height.
Name | Year | Country | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noble Lloyd Noble[398] | 214 m | 702 ft | |||
XL Enhanced (XLE), Ultra Harsh Environment jackup[399] | 2016 | 206.8 m | 678 ft | 4 vessels | |
Cat J super-rigs[400] | 198 m | 650 ft |
Pillars of aerial tramways
Tramway | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Eibsee Aerial Tramway Pylon[401] | 2017 | Germany | Grainau | 127.1 m | 417 ft | |
Glacial Aerial Tramway Kaprun III | 1966 | Austria | Kaprun | 113.6 m | 372 ft | |
Torre Jaume I | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 107 m | 351 ft | Intermediate stop, also observation tower |
Gant Hohtaelli Aerial Tramway | ? | Switzerland | Zermatt | 94 m | 308 ft | |
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 1 | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 85 m | 279 ft | Demolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon |
3S Aerial Tramway | 2004 | Austria | Kitzbühel | 80 m | 262 ft | |
Torre Sant Sebastia | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 78 m | 256 ft | Terminal of harbour aerial tramway of Barcelona Spain |
Wendelstein Aerial Tramway | 1970 | Germany | Bischofsmais | 75 m | 246 ft | |
Sandia Peak Tramway | 1965 | United States | Albuquerque | 70.7 m | 232 ft | inclined in an angle of 18 degree |
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 2 | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 65 m | 213 ft | Demolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon |
Rides
List of amusement park rides that make use of a steel lattice tower above 100 m / 328 ft in height.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Theme Park | Height m | Height ft | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kingda Ka & Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom | 2005 | USA | Jackson, NJ | Six Flags Great Adventure | 139 m | 456 ft | Intamin |
Top Thrill Dragster | 2003 | USA | Sandusky, OH | Cedar Point | 128 m | 420 ft | Intamin |
Superman: Escape from Krypton | 1997 | USA | Santa Clarita CA | Six Flags Magic Mountain | 126.5 m | 415 ft | Intamin |
Texas SkyScreamer | 2013 | USA | Arlington, TX | Six Flags Over Texas | 122 m | 400 ft | Funtime |
Eclipse[402] | 2013 | Sweden | Stockholm | Gröna Lund | 121.9 m | 400 ft | Funtime |
Highlander | 2019 | Germany | Sierksdorf | Hansa-Park | 120 m | 394 ft | Funtime |
La Venganza del Enigma | Spain | Madrid | Parque Warner Madrid | 115 m | 377 ft | S&S Worldwide | |
Red Force | 2017 | Spain | Catalonia | Ferrari Land | 112 m | 367 ft | Intamin |
Donjon de l'Extrême | France | Dolancourt | Nigloland | 105 m | 345 ft | Funtime |
Monuments
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trylon and Perisphere | 1939 | USA | New York City | 186 m | 610 ft | Monument built for the 1939 New York World's Fair, demolished in 1941[403] |
Ring of Life[404] | 2012 | China | Fushun | 157 m | 515 ft | |
Torre del Reformador | 1935 | Guatemala | Guatemala City | 75 m | 246 ft | |
Mount Gorbea summit cross | 1907 | Spain | Mount Gorbea | 17.2 m | 89 ft |
Lighthouses
Tower | Year | Country | Town | meters | feet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campen Lighthouse | 1889 | Germany | Krummhörn | 65.3 | 214 |
Carysfort Reef Light | 1852 | USA | Key Largo, Florida | 36.6 | 120 |
Other uses
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sky Ride, East tower | 1933 | USA | Chicago | 191 m | 628 ft | attraction built for the 1933 World's Fair, demolished on Aug 29 1935 |
Sky Ride, West tower | 1933 | USA | Chicago | 191 m | 628 ft | demolished in 1933 |
George Washington Bridge, East tower | 1931 | USA | New York | 184 m | 604 ft | |
George Washington Bridge, West tower | 1931 | USA | New York | 184 m | 604 ft | |
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 1[405] | 2004 | Denmark | Bøvlingbjerg | 165 m | 541 ft | used for wind measurements |
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 2[405] | 2004 | Denmark | Bøvlingbjerg | 165 m | 541 ft | used for wind measurements |
Arts Centre Melbourne | 1996 | Australia | Melbourne | 162 m | 532 ft | performing arts centre, rebuilt, height includes building structure at base, original lattice tower completed in 1981 was 115m |
Panmunjom Flagpole | 2009 | North Korea | Peace Village | 160 m | 525 ft | Flagpole |
Duga radar | 1976 | Ukraine | Chernihiv | 150 m | 492 ft | Over-the-horizon radar, comprising 17 towers |
Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center[406] | 2010 | Kazakhstan | Nur-Sultan | 150 m | 492 f | Entertainment Center, glass dome structurally supported by an internal 3-legged lattice structure[407] |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 1 | 2014 | USA | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 2 | 2014 | USA | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 3 | 2014 | USA | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Zeitzeichensender Pragins I[408] | 1931 | Switzerland | Prangins | 125 m | 410 ft | used to broadcast Time Signal |
Zeitzeichensender Pragins II[409] | 1931 | Switzerland | Prangins | 125 m | 410 ft | used to broadcast Time Signal |
Rattling Brook Power Plant Surge Tank[410] | 1958 | Canada | Jackson's Arm | 94.75 m | 311 ft | Surge tank, tallest steel plate structure in the world when built |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 1 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 2 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank, demolished July 25, 2019[411] |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 3 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank, demolished July 12, 2019[412] |
Parachute Tower Katowice | 1937 | Poland | Katowice | 75 m | 246 ft | Parachute tower |
Eindhoven Water Towers | 1970 | Netherlands | Eindhoven | 43 m | 142 ft | Water tower |
Torres de celosía de madera
Existing towers
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Pinnacle height | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radio Tower Gliwice | 1935 | Poland | Gliwice | 118 m | Museum on Radio History and Visual Arts |
Rottenbuch Radio Tower | 2002 | Germany | Peiting | 66 m | Tower for directional radio and mobile phone services |
Tour du Millénaire | 2001 | Belgium | Gedinne | 60 m | interesting design |
Aalborgtårnet | 1933 | Denmark | Aalborg | 54.9 m | observation tower |
Aerial test facility Brück | 1963 | Germany | Brück | 54 m | Two towers of different design |
Torre de Herveo | 1922 | Colombia | Manizales | 52 m | former support structure of aerial tramway |
Observation Tower Blumenthal | 2004 | Germany | Blumenthal | 45 m | observation tower |
Copenhagen Zoo Tower | 1905 | Denmark | Copenhagen | 43.5 | observation tower |
Chuderhüsi Tower | 2001 | Switzerland | Röthenbach | 42 m | observation tower |
Teltschik Tower | 2001 | Germany | Wilhelmsfeld | 41 m | observation tower |
Veitsch Mount of Olives Pilgrims Cross | 2004 | Austria | Veitsch | 40.6 m | observation tower |
Wil Tower | 2006 | Switzerland | Wil | 38 m | observation tower |
Raiffeisen Observation Tower | 1990 | Germany | Aldorf | 35 m | observation tower |
Oberpfalz Tower | 2000 | Germany | Platte | 35 m | observation tower |
Loorenkopf Observation Tower | 1954 | Switzerland | Zurich | 33 m | observation tower |
Ossinger Tower | 2013 | Germany | Ossinger mountain | 32 m | observation tower |
Eugen-Keidel Tower | 1981 | Germany | Schauinsland mountain | 31 m | observation tower |
Atzelberg Tower | 1980 | Germany | Kelkheim | 30.39 m | observation tower |
Fire observation Tower Rennbeck | ? | Germany | Oer | 30 m | fire observation tower |
Idarkopf Tower | 1980 | Germany | Idarkopf | 28 m | observation tower |
Hohenmirsberg Observation Tower | 2008 | Germany | Pottenstein | 28 m | observation tower |
Höhbeck Observation Tower | 2008 | Germany | Höhbeck | 26 m | observation tower |
Loth Tower | 2003 | Switzerland | Magglingen | 25 m | observation tower |
Salzkopfturm | 1975 | Germany | Salzkopf | 24 m | observation tower |
Observation Tower Burgstall | 2000 | Austria | Kirchberg/Donau | 24 m | observation tower |
Krawutschke Tower | 1972 | Germany | Burgberg | 13 m | observation tower |
Destroyed Wooden lattice towers
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Pinnacle height | Date of demolition | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transmission Tower Mühlacker | 1934 | Germany | Mühlacker | 190 m | April 6, 1945 | |
Transmitter Berlin-Tegel | 1933 | Germany | Berlin | 165 m | December 16, 1948 | |
Sendeturm Ismaning | 1932 | Germany | Ismaning | 163 m | March 16, 1983 | |
Sendeturm Langenberg | 1934 | Germany | Velbert-Langenberg | 160 m | October 10, 1935 | destroyed by a tornado |
Sendeturm Wiederau | 1935 | Germany | Wiederau | 150 m | October 27, 1953 | |
Sendeturm Hamburg-Billstedt | 1934 | Germany | Hamburg | 145 m | September 1949 | |
Transmitter Żórawina | 1932 | Germany | Żórawina, Poland | 140 m | Fall 1990 | |
Transmitter Nuremberg-Kleinreuth | 1935 | Germany | Nuremberg | 124 m | July 12, 1961 | |
Madona Radio Towers | 1932 | Latvia | Madona | 116 m | 1944 | |
Transmitter Heilsberg | 1935 | Germany | Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland | 115 m | 1940 | |
Freiburg-Lehen transmitter | 1933 | Germany | Freiburg | 107 m | April 21, 1945 | |
Heiligenstock transmitter | 1934 | Germany | Frankfurt/Main | 107 m | March 25, 1945 | |
Transmitter Koblenz | 1934 | Germany | Koblenz | 107 m | 1965 | |
Transmitter Trier | 1935 | Germany | Trier | 107 m | 1948 | |
Transmitter Heilsberg | 1930 | Germany | Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland | 102 m | 1935 | Two towers |
Reichenbach transmitter | 1937 | Germany | Reichenbach/Oberlausitz | 100 m | May 7, 1945 | |
Golm transmitter | 1948 | Germany | Golm | 100 m | October 25, 1979 | |
Stettin Radio Tower | 1934 | Poland | Szczecin | 93 m | 1945 | |
Utbremen Radio Tower | 1933 | Germany | Bremen | 90 m | 1939 | destroyed by lightning |
Flensburg Radio Tower | 1928 | Germany | Flensburg | 90 m | 1957 | |
Pillar of Mittersill goods aerial tramway | 194? | Austria | Mittersill | 80 m | 195? | Aerial tramway support pillar of goods aerial tramway, which never went in service |
Stadelheim Transmitter | 1926 | Germany | Munich-Stadelheim | 75 m | 1930s | Two towers |
Chain Home Reception Towers | 1939 | UK | multiple locations | 73.15 m | 1945–1960 | |
Wood Transmitting Tower Zeesen | 1931 | Germany | Zeesen | 70 m | 1939 | |
Reception Tower Utlandshörn | 1935 | Germany | Utlandshörn | 65 m | 1977 | |
Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station | 1902 | United States | South Wellfleet, Massachusetts | 64 m | 1920 | 4 towers [1] |
Towers of Königsberg Air Traffic Control Centre | 1926 | Russia | Kaliningrad | 63 m | 1945 | Two towers |
Palatine Transmitter | 1926 | Germany | Kaiserslautern | 60 m | 1945 | Two towers |
Huizen transmitter | 1937 | Netherlands | Huizen | 60 m | 1940 | |
Central mast of Boguchwala transmitter | 1953 | Poland | Boguchwala | 60 m | 1957 | |
Holmudden Radar Tower[2] | 1948 | Sweden | Holmudden | ? | 1958 | |
Wardenclyffe Tower | 1899 | United States | Shoreham | 57 m | 1917 | |
Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower | 1910 | Germany | Wiesbaden | 50 m | 1918 | |
Sahlenburg Marine Radio Station | 1937 | Germany | Cuxhaven | 50 m | 1967/1970 | Three towers, two demolished in 1967, third tower demolished in 1970 |
Stolp transmitter | 1938/1939 | Poland | Dębnica Kaszubska | 50 m | 1955 | 7 towers |
Jelenia Góra transmitter | 1957 | Poland | Jelenia Góra | 47 m | 1967 | |
Towers of triangle antenna Langenberg | 1935 | Germany | Velbert-Langenberg | 45 m | April 12, 1945 | Three towers |
Goethe Tower | 1931 | Germany | Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen | 43 m | October 12, 2017 | Destroyed in a fire |
Bayreuth transmitter, T-antenna | 194? | Germany | Bayreuth | 40 m | 1954 | 2 towers in a distance of 70 metres |
Augsburg-Hochzoll transmitter | 194? | Germany | Augsburg | 40 m | 1952 | 2 towers |
Kempten-Engelshalde Transmitter | 1951 | Germany | Kempten | 40 m | 1956 | Two towers |
Heusweiler Mast 1 | 1935 | Germany | Heusweiler | 35 m | March 17, 1945 | |
Schneeberg Air Force Tower | 1938 | Germany | Bischofsgrün | 35 m | 1942 | |
Heusweiler Mast 2 | 1935 | Germany | Heusweiler | 31 m | March 17, 1945 | |
Holzbergturm | 2005 | Germany | Malente | 28 m | 2017 | observation tower |
Torres de celosía más altas, por tipo de diseño
List of the tallest lattice towers by common(min 5) design types.
design Type | total built | Name | Year | Built in | City/location | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compliant tower(Oil Platform) | 5 | Petronius Compliant Tower | 2000 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 640 | 2,100 | tallest lattice tower of any type, |
Additionally supported by a solid core, Concrete | unknown >10 | Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japan | Sumida, Tokyo | 634 | 2,080 | tallest lattice tower of any type built on land |
Self-supported steel truss of any type | unknown | Bullwinkle Platform | 1989 | USA | Gulf of Mexico | 529 | 1,736 | tallest fixed/rigged freestanding steel-only truss structure built on land or sea |
Additionally supported by a solid core, Steel | unknown >10 | Kyiv TV Tower | 1973 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 385 | 1,263 | |
Hydro Pylons | thousands | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East & West towers | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 | 1,247 | tallest pylons in the world |
4-sided steel lattice tower(land-based) | thousands | Tokyo Tower | 1957 | Japan | Tokyo | 333 | 1,093 | |
3-sided steel lattice tower | thousands | WITI TV Tower | 1962 | USA | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329.4 | 1,081 | |
Landmark tower | 10 | Star Tower | 1991 | USA | Cincinnati, Ohio | 290.8 m | 954 ft | |
Hyperboloid structure | >10 | Perm TV Tower | 2016 | Russia | Perm | 275 m | 902 ft | |
Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | 5 | Grodno TV Tower | 1984 | Belarus | Grodno | 254 m | 833 ft | tallest freestanding structure in Belarus |
Annapolis type | 40~ | Lafayette transmitter, Towers 1-8 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | demolished in 1944 & 1953 |
Non-tapering | unknown >100 | Noble Lloyd Noble(Oil Platform) | 214 m | 702 ft | all lattice towers above this height use a tapering design | |||
3803 KM design | 83 | Edineţ TV Tower & Rezeknes TV Tower | ? | Latvia | Edineţ & Rezeknes | 204 m | 669 ft | |
Wooden lattice tower | unknown >100 | Transmission Tower Mühlacker | 1934 | Germany | 190 m | 623 ft | demolished in 1945, tallest structure ever built out of wood |
Unique lattice tower designs. Minimum height of 120 m / 400 ft.
indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
Hyperboloid structures
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perm TV tower[42] | 2016 | Russia | Perm | 275 m | 902 ft | |
Moscow Octod Tower | 2006 | Russia | Moscow | 258 m | 846 ft | |
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney[372][373] | 2003 | Japan | Hitachinaka | 230 m | 754 ft | Lattice chimney |
Orion Tower[83][84] | 2001 | Russia | Samara | 201 m | 660 ft | |
Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street[214] | 2003 | Russia | Perm | 180 m | 591 ft | |
Shukhov radio Tower | 1922 | Russia | Moscow | 160 m | 525 ft | |
Pylons of Cádiz, west tower | 1960 | Spain | Cádiz | 158 m | 518 ft | Electrical pylons |
Pylons of Cádiz, east tower | 1960 | Spain | Cádiz | 158 m | 518 ft | Electrical pylons |
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, west tower | 1929 | Russia | Dzerzhinsk | 128 m | 420 ft | Electrical pylons |
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, east tower | 1929 | Russia | Dzerzhinsk | 128 m | 420 ft | Electrical pylons, demolised in May 2005. |
Gettysburg National Tower | 1974 | USA | Gettysburg, Pennsylvania | 120 m | 394 ft | demolished on July 3, 2000 |
Landmark towers
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star Tower | 1991 | USA | Cincinnati, Ohio | 291 m | 954 ft | Tallest Landmark tower ever built, assembled by helicopter |
Hughes Memorial Tower | 1989 | USA | Washington, DC | 232 m | 761 ft | Tallest structure in Washington DC |
Yiye Avila Tower | 1991 | USA | Utuado, Puerto Rico | 167 m | 548 ft | Tallest freestanding structure in Puerto Rico. Collapsed during Hurricane Maria |
WLLY Tower[278][279] | 1995[413] | USA | Mangonia Park, Florida | 158.2 m | 519 ft | |
Mesquite Tower | 1990 | USA | Mesquite, Texas | 155.3 m | 509.5 ft | |
Cumulus Media Tower[338][339] | <2002 | USA | Shreveport, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | |
Tower at 3551 J.R. Lynch Street (Extension)[350] | <1996 | USA | Jackson, Mississippi | 152 m | 499 ft | |
Telecourier Communications Tower[414] | 1989 | USA | Bloomington, Illinois | 152 m | 418 ft |
Blaw-Know towers
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lakihegy Tower | 1946 | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Lakihegy | 314 m | 1030 ft | The current tower is a rebuild of the original tower which was constructed in 1933 but destroyed at the end of World War II.[415] |
Liblice Blaw-Knox Radio Mast[416] | 1936 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 280.40 m | 920 ft | demolished on October 17, 1972 |
WSM Tower | 1932 | USA | Nashville, Tennessee | 246 m | 808 ft | The first Blaw-Know tower ever built, originally 267 m (874 ft) in height |
WLW Tower | 1934 | USA | Cincinnati, Ohio | 227 m | 747 ft | Originally 253 m (831 ft) in height |
Vakarel Blaw-Knox Radio Mast[417] | 1937 | Bulgaria | Elin Pelin | 215 | 705 ft | demolished on September 16, 2020[418] |
WBT Tower 1 | 1934 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | Three towers in total, one original, two reproductions from the original plans after the originals were destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. |
WBT Tower 2 | 1989 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | |
WBT Tower 3 | 1989 | USA | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | |
WADO Tower[419] | 1934 | USA | Carlstadt, New Jersey | 129 m | 424 ft | Demolished on October 17, 1999 |
LVRTC Riga Blaw Knox Radiator[420] | 1947 | Latvia | Riga | 125 m | 410 ft | Demolished in 2010 |
WFEA Tower | USA | Manchester, New Hampshire | 121 m | 400 ft |
Top guyed lattice towers
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grodno TV Tower | 1984 | Belarus | Grodno | 254 m | 833 ft | Tallest freestanding structure in Belarus |
Vitebsk TV Tower | 1983 | Belarus | Vitebsk | 244 m | 801 ft | |
Astara TV Tower | 1981 | Republic of Azerbaijan | Astara | 243.84 m | 800 ft | |
Wavre Transmitter | 1983 | Belgium | Wavre | 232 m | 761 ft | Tallest lattice tower in Belgium |
Tour Dégueu[356] | ? | Belgium | Leglise-Anlier | 151 m | 495 ft |
Ver también
- List of towers
- List of tallest towers
- List of tallest structures
- List of tallest freestanding steel structures
- List of tallest buildings and structures
- List of tallest oil platforms
- Architectural structure
- Hyperboloid structure
- Partially guyed tower
- Additionally guyed tower
Referencias
- ^ a b https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/13/archives/shell-will-build-skyscrapersized-oil-rig-skyscrapersize-oil-rig.html
- ^ a b https://books.google.ca/books?id=ySZhMJrzhw4C&pg=RA6-PA5&lpg=RA6-PA5&dq=Cognac+Platform+59,000+weight+tons&source=bl&ots=5v_BP00Wcl&sig=ACfU3U36aQwHLf6HawrpPkL3g2woow4Dpg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAlpSHnYbwAhX7GFkFHY3nAn0Q6AEwBXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Cognac%20Platform%2059%2C000%20weight%20tons&f=false
- ^ https://www.offshore-technology.com/features/featureinto-the-abyss-the-worlds-deepest-offshore-oil-rigs/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20140203154812/http://www.mmtimes.com/2012/business/617/biz61714.html
- ^ http://www.tokyo-skytree.jp/en/event/special/manga-design/
- ^ a b https://chevroncorp.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/chevron-announces-first-oil-production-benguela-belize
- ^ https://www.offshore-mag.com/business-briefs/equipment-engineering/article/16754508/chevron-starts-production-from-first-compliant-tower-outside-gom
- ^ https://pubs.spe.org/en/ogf/ogf-article-detail/?art=440
- ^ a b https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/tombua-landana/#:~:text=Tombua%20Landana%20platform,seafloor%20by%2012%20foundation%20piles.
- ^ a b https://www.offshore-mag.com/subsea/article/16757984/tombualandana-a-monument-to-innovation-off-angola#:~:text=The%2035%2C300%2Dton%20(32%2C024%2D,%2Dmetric%20ton)%20compliant%20tower.
- ^ https://hmc.heerema.com/projects/tombua-landana/
- ^ a b c d e f g h http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-5773-MS
- ^ a b http://www.walteroil.com/e-p-operations/coelacanth-project.html
- ^ a b https://maritimelegalhelp.com/oil-rig-cognac/
- ^ https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/china-begins-construction-of-world-s-highest-power-pylon-117100300935_1.html
- ^ a b https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXXqe2_uFyk&ab_channel=SouthChinaMorningPost
- ^ https://www.tourstouzbekistan.com/en/sights/tashkent/tashkent-tv-tower.html
- ^ a b https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/10/archives/exxon-nears-completion-of-deepest-offshore-rig-exxon-crews-near.html
- ^ a b CS Tower. "Projects – CS Tower – A leading Steel Tower Manufacturer in the World".
- ^ a b c d https://cdn.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/content-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/2015F191205A4FB492B68B6FC2FC4501/alecture7%20choo.pdf
- ^ a b https://dsps.lib.uiowa.edu/mars-deepwater-gulf/wp-content/uploads/sites/66/2019/06/Hewett-The-Shape-of-These-Monsters-June-2019.pdf
- ^ https://www.kansascity.com/news/your-kcq/article221363865.html
- ^ a b https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133807/tv-tower-foshan-china
- ^ a b http://worldradiomap.com/cn/urumqi
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/119903/torre-de-tv-de-brasilia-brasilia-brazil
- ^ a b http://worldradiomap.com/cn/changchun
- ^ a b https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=21996
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7556
- ^ https://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/about/news/2012/m1001_03.html
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/220420/elitch-gardens-observation-tower-denver-co-usa
- ^ https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/da37042d-b8f6-3a2b-8098-8e3e3a08bc78#:~:text=During%20the%20First%20World%20War,and%20finally%20demolished%20in%201961.
- ^ https://www.obayashi.co.jp/en/special/skytree.html
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=79
- ^ https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/the-monument/key-figures
- ^ http://www.steeltowerchn.com/guyed-tower/guyed-tower/
- ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/doordarshan-air-tower-lying-defunct-yet-to-rule-air-waves-in-amritsar-191662
- ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/government-move-to-reduce-height-of-air-tower-draws-flak-381912
- ^ https://theprint.in/india/governance/heres-why-air-bid-to-check-pakistans-radio-propaganda-in-punjab-is-doomed-to-fail/123524/
- ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/tilted-radio-tower-yet-to-be-rectified-759990
- ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/airs-12-hour-urdu-service-goes-off-air-listeners-want-it-back-107973
- ^ a b c d e https://radiomap.eu/ru/perm
- ^ https://books.google.ca/books?id=VLGlkDtITwEC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=lattice+tower+jakarta&source=bl&ots=3uANBts1vZ&sig=ACfU3U2BL6BakXZBtuBL-KQGU_Rli-hceg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjtNzp777qAhVbhXIEHR0WD1cQ6AEwDnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=lattice%20tower%20jakarta&f=false
- ^ http://m.rohnproducts.com/experience/featured-projects/item/126-rcti-rajawali-citra-tv-jakarta.html
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1225903/lafayette-transmitter-marcheprime-france
- ^ https://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/03d294e493fad8970f536ecd975f2434/the-transmitter-sites-of-radio-television-luxembourg/index.html
- ^ https://theantennasitearchive.com/luxembourg-junglinster-ruedelaradio-history.html
- ^ https://www.emporis.fr/buildings/1292877/novodnistrovsk-tv-tower-dunaivtsi-ukraine
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1248060/hanoi-tv-tower-hanoi-vietnam
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1035708&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://wikimapia.org/10489943/TV-Tower
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/forum/showthread.php?t=190222
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=94310
- ^ https://line.17qq.com/article/ipbbioejz.html
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1249928/channel-9-tv-tower-sydney-australia
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1006688&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://m.rohnproducts.com/experience/featured-projects/item/129-royal-thai-army-tv5.html?tmpl=component&print=1
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1035146&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://rposwl.punjabpolice.gov.pk/overview
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=31784
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1249967/channel-7-10-tv-tower-sydney-australia
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1042620&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10338
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=59133
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/zlatoust
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1051670&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1225962/bol-d-air-tv-tower-seraing-belgium
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/cherepovets
- ^ a b c d e f g https://www.emporis.com/city/101046/seattle-wa-usa/type/telecommunications-towers
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=83288
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/arkhangelsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93958
- ^ a b c d http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=72681
- ^ a b c d https://structurae.net/en/structures/novosemeykino-transmission-towers
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=74269
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93959
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=74267
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=110641
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93559
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=38522
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1036610&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=107270
- ^ a b https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1258243/samara-trk-orion-tower-samara-russia
- ^ a b https://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/orion-tower/
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1015745&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=94403
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=87017
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1045123&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/vyborg
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=83303
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=549
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1225965/vrt-zendmast-genk-genk-belgium
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=91147
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1209071/tv5-transmitter-tower-quezon-city-philippines
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1020779&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=109263
- ^ a b http://radiomap.eu/ru/krasnoyarsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=58800
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/novosibirsk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/voronezh
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=104880
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=3161
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/am/yerevan
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/chelyabinsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=100149
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=71380
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/rostov-na-donu
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/omsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=94265
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83427
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83426
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=7213
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=72944
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=47502
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1053688&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1257195/bryansk-tv-tower-bryansk-russia
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=58797
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83457
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83428
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=107914
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83501
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kg/bishkek_img/vyshka_02.jpg
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/mn/ulaanbaatar
- ^ mn:Телевиз
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1007729&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=72573
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=58803
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/103588/communication-tower-baku-azerbaijan
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/irkutsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=58877
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=63183
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=83389
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/ulyanovsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=57657
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/lipetsk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/blagoveshchensk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/abakan
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/almaty
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/pavlodar
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tomsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=94264
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=109025
- ^ https://media.defense.gov/2017/Jul/03/2001772425/-1/-1/0/1959_JANSKYBAILEY.PDF
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/239394/stonehenge-tower-portland-or-usa
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/bratsk
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/au/melbourne
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/142243279808062/posts/a-little-history-on-the-tv-towersthere-are-four-tv-towers-on-mt-dandenong-corhan/341131943252527/
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308483612_The_Impact_on_Cayey_Puerto_Rico_of_the_Spanish_American_War_The_Evolution_of_a_Place_Called_Henry_Barracks
- ^ https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/65674cambridge_bay_residents_bid_farewell_to_a_trusty_old_friend/
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=8568
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=81839
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/petrozavodsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=76756
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/semei
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=107859
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=88687
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/be/charleroi
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1017067&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.qhatlas.com.au/photograph/abc-tv-transmitter-tower-mount-coot-tha-1959
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/276549/kwex-tv-studio-transmitter-san-antonio-tx-usa
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/arlington/arlington-tower-111103.JPG
- ^ https://library.arlingtonva.us/2019/12/19/what-happened-to-the-arlington-radio-towers/
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/arlington.htm
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/panama/bulletin-6812-18.JPG
- ^ http://william_h_ormsbee.tripod.com/bases_summ_p01.htm
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/balboa.htm
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/cavite/cavite-44664.jpg
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/chollas.htm
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/pearl.htm
- ^ http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/lualualei.htm
- ^ a b c d http://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/anna.htm
- ^ https://www.public.navy.mil/fltfor/nctamspac/Pages/AboutUs.aspx
- ^ a b http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/hi/hi0400/hi0485/data/hi0485data.pdf
- ^ https://www.lavieamulhouse.com/mulhouse/index.php?topic=8619.20
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/berezniki
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1294498&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/ryazan
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/nizhny-novgorod
- ^ a b http://radiomap.eu/ru/ufa
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/kazan
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1047451&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/AsrSearch/asrRegistration.jsp?regKey=108589
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1022324&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1032916&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/volgograd
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/vladimir
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1258240/samara-tv-tower-samara-russia
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/kemerovo
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/sochi
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/vladivostok
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/arzamas
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tambov
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/yoshkar-ola
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/astrakhan
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/cheboksary
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/kurgan
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/leninsk-kuznetsky
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/magnitogorsk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/novokuznetsk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=71703
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tula
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/khabarovsk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/syktyvkar
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=58802
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=106849
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1227691/kokshetau-tv-tower-kokshetau-kazakhstan
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=71203
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/nalchik
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=83500
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39550
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/mezhdurechensk
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=26462
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=74266
- ^ a b https://www.emporis.com/buildings/291412/radio-mast-at-krupskoi-street-perm-russia
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/aqtobe
- ^ a b http://worldradiomap.com/kz/oskemen
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/petropavl
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1257923/makchachkala-tv-tower-makhachkala-russia
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/makhachkala
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tobolsk
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tyumen
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/uz/toshkent
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/am/gyumri
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=114896
- ^ https://rubese.net/gurucomi001/?id=1112837
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1040162&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/291176/wtob-radio-tower-winston-salem-nc-usa
- ^ https://www.digitalforsyth.org/photos/6729
- ^ https://www.broadcastpioneers.com/bp/tower.html
- ^ http://orig.jacksonsun.com/may2003/radio_0510.shtml
- ^ https://sutrotower.org/
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39371
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226777/tower-of-moscow-radio-centre-13-balashikha-russia
- ^ https://fadedsignals.com/post/157855057067/here-are-other-entries-about-cincinnatis-wlwt
- ^ https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/103280957/
- ^ http://www.johninarizona.com/kghl/kghl.html
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1020875&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1397559/hirano-radio-tower-saitama-japan
- ^ https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47808092
- ^ https://towercom.sk/en/tower/rimavska-sobota/
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93797
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1015685&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1049503&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1004577&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93796
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1249968/gore-hill-abc-tv-tower-sydney-australia
- ^ https://www.abctvgorehill.com.au/abchtm/photos_transmitter_mast_1.htm
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1025525&tabSearchType=ASR+Searchs
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/247247/ksat-tv-studio-transmitter-san-antonio-tx-usa
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=102740
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1029950&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1041596&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by12Ru54jow&ab_channel=VisionsofPuertoRico
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1026532&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1016800&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1005124&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1253182&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1010769&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1227600/higashiyama-tv-tower-nagoya-japan
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1026520&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1026005&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/forum/showthread.php?p=6704533
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1011742&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://www.cellreception.com/towers/details.php?id=1011742
- ^ a b https://www.emporis.com/buildings/305494/kdnl-tower-st-louis-mo-usa
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1003524&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=97864
- ^ https://worldradiomap.com/br/sao-paulo
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/tver
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/br/salvador
- ^ https://worldradiomap.com/uy/montevideo
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/230696/bell-canada-pharmacy-avenue-telecommunications-tower-toronto-canada
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/kz/oral
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1047057&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1028296&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=88905
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=108698
- ^ a b https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1031315&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ a b https://radio-locator.com/info/WLLY-FM
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=65505
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1016626&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.yelp.com/biz/skytel-des-moines-2
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1016049&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.daytondailynews.com/business/whio-building-and-tower-taken-down/3vfZvCwK5c2FuTF1LiADNN/
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=63268
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1027224&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://www.cellreception.com/towers/details.php?id=1027224
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1033575&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1026187&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://memoriesofcaldecotthill.blogspot.com/2008/07/if-tower-could-speak.html
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/214006/torre-da-tv-cultura-sao-paulo-brazil
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=60848
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39522
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1048112&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1045877&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1036577&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1057048&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1042525&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1040405&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/276550/woai-tv-studio-transmitter-san-antonio-tx-usa
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=108699
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1014708&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1059412&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1006347&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.smh.com.au/national/tv-era-has-started-to-change-australians-way-of-life-20060418-gdndod.html
- ^ http://amtci.com/galleryproj.html
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1044415&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1209069/ptv-television-transmitter-quezon-city-philippines
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- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1223919&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://structurae.net/en/structures/dobrochov-transmission-tower
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7748
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- ^ https://www.wafb.com/story/36874176/wafb-tower-gets-a-fresh-coat-of-paint/
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- ^ a b https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1015970&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
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- ^ https://www.yellowpages.com/charlotte-nc/mip/american-tower-466689751
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- ^ a b http://worldradiomap.com/us-la/shreveport
- ^ a b https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1209322&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
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- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1287818&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1286897&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1287592&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1053329&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1222005&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ http://www.cellreception.com/towers/details.php?id=1222005
- ^ a b https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1209875&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1218101&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.nashville.gov/Office-of-Emergency-Management/Contact-OEM.aspx
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1017605&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/wm4EWY_WJXT_Jacksonville_Florida
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/10/10/weta-tower-is-deemed-too-high-but-can-stay/1a5740ce-b658-4ede-a9d4-141343c619e2/
- ^ a b http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=88591
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1031470&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1241067&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/wbrobv/periodical/pageview/1701753
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/vorkuta
- ^ http://radiomap.eu/ru/veliky-novgorod
- ^ https://www.ntt-f.co.jp/architect_e/building/yokohama-media.html
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=8962
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1256830&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1209070/rpn-ibc-transmitter-tower-quezon-city-philippines
- ^ http://worldradiomap.com/jp/sendai
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=42431
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=42432
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1516996/kogushi-electric-power-transmission-tower-okayama-japan
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1227186/river-tower-of-doel-schelde-powerline-crossing-antwerp-belgium
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1020642&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ a b http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/3561
- ^ a b https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/04/11/business/tepco-boosts-coal-capacity-to-cut-need-for-costly-oil/
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=92153
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=99716
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=99714
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=46812
- ^ a b c d https://www.gem.wiki/JFE_East_Japan_Works_(Chiba)_steel_plant
- ^ a b c https://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/works/west/f_layout.html
- ^ http://www.japan-kyushu-tourist.com/kyushu-electric-power/
- ^ https://www.tobata-kyoka.co.jp/030kaishagaiyou/kaishagaiyou.htm
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=47836
- ^ a b ja:日本製鉄九州製鉄所
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=99715
- ^ https://www.idemitsu.com/business/factory/chiba_video.html
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=65754
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=106872
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=106871
- ^ http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/44929
- ^ http://group.mmc.co.jp/osr/
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=84319
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=112692
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=104675
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39669
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=112691
- ^ http://www.setouchi-kyouka.co.jp/
- ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=99755
- ^ https://www.infield.com/rigs/noble-lloyd-noble-jackup-61323
- ^ https://www.offshore-energy.biz/maersk-drillings-new-xle-jack-up-set-for-north-sea/
- ^ https://www.equinor.com/en/magazine/industry-world-records.html
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=116970
- ^ https://www.gronalund.com/en/rides/eclipse
- ^ https://www.drivingfordeco.com/vanished-new-york-city-art-deco-the-trylon-and-perishpere-part-two-1939-1941/
- ^ http://avax.news/pictures/57836
- ^ a b https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1229409/meteorological-towers-of-hovsore-wind-turbine-test-centre-bovlingbjerg-denmark
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=86012
- ^ https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/view-interior-khan-shatyr-entertainment-center-flags-left-to-right-turkmenistan-kazakhstan-159457840.jpg
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48548
- ^ http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=48549
- ^ http://www.eureka4you.com/watertower-surge/NorrisArm-NLS.htm
- ^ https://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/second-tower-knocked-down-at-john-hart-dam-video-1.23896347
- ^ https://www.cheknews.ca/video-90-metre-surge-tower-knocked-down-at-john-hart-dam-near-campbell-river-583534/
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/soaring-761-feet-this-radio-and-tv-tower-on-georgia-avenue-nw-is-the-citys-tallest/2014/05/24/a28e9006-e216-11e3-8dcc-d6b7fede081a_story.html
- ^ https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1008865&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226375/lakihegy-blaw-knox-radio-tower-budapest-hungary
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226311/liblice-blaw-knox-tower-liblice-czech-republic
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226448/vakarel-blaw-knox-radio-mast-elin-pelin-bulgaria
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwELjpzWpmw&ab_channel=PredavatelRadiomap
- ^ http://j-hawkins.com/wado.shtml
- ^ https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226603/lvrtc-riga-blaw-knox-radiator-riga-latvia